International Planning and Social Urbanism in Malaysia World Town Planning Day Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Friday 7 November 2014
Part 2: Equity in Development Richard Summers BA(Hons) MRTPI Past Chairman, International Committee, Royal Town Planning Institute (RTPI), 2012 to 2013 Past President, Royal Town Planning Institute, 2011 Principal, Spatial St Edmunds spatial planning and economic development
International Planning and Social Urbanism in Malaysia Part 2: Equity in Development
1: Overview Sharing British and international experience to help develop “social urbanism” in Malaysia
Introduction World Urban Forum No 7 – Medellín, Colombia World Urban Forum – WUF7 Dialogues World Urban Forum – Medellín Declaration Social Urbanism in Malaysia – Social Equity Social Urbanism in Malaysia – Economic Equity Social Urbanism in Malaysia – Environmental Equity Social Urbanism in Malaysia – the Priorities Conclusions
Part 2: Equity in Development
2: “Social Urbanism� and the environment Tropical storm and dust cloud in the Australian outback
Part 2: Equity in Development
3: Introduction World Urban Forum, Medellín, Colombia, 2014
The UN Habitat World Urban Forum No 7 discussed “Urban Equity in Development – Cities for Life” WUF7 focussed on inequality in rapid urbanisation including social, economic and cultural exclusion
Social Urbanism in Malaysia
The Federal Department of Town and Country Planning (JPBD) is hosting this conference to examine some lessons from WUF7 for social urbanism in Malaysia The global principles of “urban equity” will need to be applied locally to address the issues in Malaysia
World Urban Forum and Malaysian Priorities
4: World Urban Forum, 2012 United Nations Habitat, WUF6 conference, Naples, Italy
World Urban Forum and Malaysian Priorities
5: World Urban Forum – the themes “Urban Equity in Development – Cities for Life”
Urban Equity in Development
About two thirds of the world’s population now lives in cities where income inequality is “staggering” Cities are divided by invisible borders between the rich and the poor, the included and the excluded Rapid urbanisation across the developing world is marked by slums, poverty, disease and deprivation The social divide is marked by lack of opportunity in housing, employment, accessibility and facilities The design, infrastructure and governance of cities is critical in addressing the problems of inequality continued …
Part 2: Equity in Development
6: Urban Equity in Development – Cities for Life – WUF7 Theme
Part 2: Equity in Development
7: World Urban Forum – dialogues Urban Planning, Design and Resilience
Spatial planning can achieve social integration through planned city extensions and urban revitalisation A holistic approach to urban resilience can also help to make cities more equitable places to live and work
Local Business, Local Services and Justice
Local businesses need support to help deliver basic services to make cities more equitable places Local authorities need to find innovative methods to finance urban development and urban services continued …
Part 2: Equity in Development
8: The WUF7 Medellín Declaration Equity in Sustainable Urban Development
“We, the participants of the seventh World Urban Forum, reaffirm our commitment to integrate urban equity into the development agenda ... [and]” “… to ensure that cities are transformed into inclusive, safe, prosperous and harmonious spaces for all … through sustainable urban development.” Cities are opportunities for growth and prosperity and for improving access to resources and services Sustainable urban development is part of the post-2015 Development Agenda for the UN Habitat III in 2016
Part 2: Equity in Development
9: Sustainable development Balancing economic, social and environmental issues to meet the needs of present and future generations
Environmental
Economic
Social
Part 2: Equity in Development
10: Social Urbanism in Malaysia Drawn from the WUF7 conceptual framework for brining equity policies together
The scope of “social urbanism”
“Social urbanism” is the social equity dimension of sustainable urban development It has to be balanced with economic and environmental interests in sustainable development
The parallel with “spatial planning”
“Social urbanism” is the social dimension of “spatial planning” which is wider than “land use planning” “Spatial planning” includes the geography of all urban and rural activities, services and linkages continued …
Part 2: Equity in Development
11: Social Urbanism – social equity Drawn from the WUF7 conceptual framework for brining equity policies together
Challenges
Limited social mobility linked with ill health and poor housing and education leads to social deprivation Insecurity, marginalisation and discrimination lead to limited participation and lack of social cohesion
Policies
Housing, infrastructure and basic services need to be coordinated to foster social inclusion and cohesion Target disadvantaged groups to improve access to housing, facilities and services and to increase mobility continued …
Part 2: Equity in Development
12: Social Equity in Malaysia
Photo from “Open Spaces in Urban Malaysia”, JPBD.
World Urban Forum and Malaysian Priorities
13: Social Urbanism – economic equity Drawn from the WUF7 conceptual framework for brining equity policies together
Challenges
Low skills, unemployment and poverty leading to homelessness and multiple deprivation Income inequalities, debt and disadvantage leading to limited opportunities and poor social mobility
Policies
Economic development policies and business support initiatives to promote regeneration and growth Education, training and skills programmes to open up economic and employment opportunities
World Urban Forum and Malaysian Priorities
14: Economic Equity in Malaysia
Photo from “Open Spaces in Urban Malaysia�, JPBD.
Part 2: Equity in Development
15: Social Urbanism – environmental equity Drawn from the WUF7 conceptual framework for brining equity policies together
Challenges
Degraded environments resulting from economic decline and multiple social deprivation Environmental pollution leading to ill-health, further economic decline and social disadvantage
Policies
Integrated urban and rural regeneration programmes to enhance environments and revive local economies Comprehensive urban and rural planning to provide infrastructure and stimulate growth and development
Part 2: Equity in Development
16: Environmental Equity in Malaysia
Photo from “Open Spaces in Urban Malaysia”, JPBD.
Part 2: Equity in Development
17: Social Urbanism – the Priorities Existing Planning System on Malaysia
The Malaysian planning system includes a national plan, regional plans, structure plans and local plans The Federal Department of Town and Country Planning aims to spur comprehensive and innovative planning
Spatial Planning System
The promotion of “social urbanism” may also include “spatial planning” and “sustainable development” The priorities may be to move further into planning for activities, services and linkages as well as land uses
Part 2: Equity in Development
18: Conclusions World Urban Forum
Achieve equity in sustainable urban development Cities are opportunities for growth and for equity Malaysian inputs to Habitat III in 2016
Social Urbanism in Malaysia
“Social urbanism” is the social equity dimension of “sustainable development” and “spatial planning” Need to integrate social, economic and environmental issues into a more spatial approach in Malaysia Need to move further into planning activities, services and linkages as well as land uses in Malaysia
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19: Issues for Discussion 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.
What are the current and forecast patterns of social and economic deprivation in Malaysia ? What are the implications of a multi-ethnic population for community engagement and social integration ? How far does the existing land use planning system address the issues of social inequality ? How far could further moves to spatial planning for sustainable development help to address these issues ? Does Malaysia have the skills, research and other resources to develop its planning system like this ? What policies and actions need to be considered now and agreed soon to achieve “social urbanism� ?
Part 2: Equity in Development
20: “Social Urbanism” in Malaysia
Photo from “Open Spaces in Urban Malaysia”, JPBD.
Part 2: Equity in Development
21: UN Sustainable Development Goals Headlines of final proposals to UN General Assembly, September 2014
1.
End poverty
10. Reduce inequality
2.
End hunger
11. Make human settlements sustainable
3.
Ensure healthy lives
12. Ensure sustainable consumption
4.
Ensure inclusive education
13. Combat climate change
5.
Achieve gender equality
14. Conserve marine resources
6.
Ensure sustainable water
15. Protect terrestrial ecosystems
7.
Ensure access to energy
16. Promote peaceful societies
8.
Promote economic growth
17. Strengthen sustainable development
9.
Build resilient infrastructure
International Planning and Social Urbanism in Malaysia Part 2: Equity in Development
22: Contact information
Richard Summers, Past Chairman, RTPI International Committee RichardSummers@SpatialStEdmunds.co.uk
Marion Frederiksen, RTPI International Policy and Research Officer Marion.Frederiksen@rtpi.org.uk
RTPI Website Click on world map on front page www.rtpi.org.uk