Temperature Variation in Petroleum Deliveries
Mr Ainsley commenced his talk by informing .the Association for Petroleum and ExplosIves
The Petrol Services Department of the MAA handles enquiries of a commercial, financial and techmcal nature.
With.in the MAA membership there are 8,000 pe.trol retail outlets out of a total of 21,000 retaIl outlets In the United Kingdom and the MAA represents over £6,500 m of motor fuel turnover.
MANGAN BROS. LTD. Building Contractors 402 Seven Sisters Road, London N4 2LU (REGISTERED OFFICE) Te!ephone: 01 800 4651 Specialists in Petrol Filling Stations ""
The Heart of the Matter
Mr Ainsley advised that it has been known for a considerable period of time that motor gasoline and diesel have certain properties of expansion and contraction in relation to temperature therefore this subject is not new.
In fact, the situation has now become so critical that practically all major oil companies have formed oil loss control/monitoring departments or committees to evaluate constantly all their products from crude oil through to the lighter ends of the barrel.
As petrol retailers are involved with highly refined product, why the sudden recognition of the apparent problem? This has been occasioned by:
1. The cost of product enhanced by crude oil prices and Excise Duty.
2. The steady growth of the retail market at an average rate of 7% per annum in the 1960s and the early 1970s which was interrupted by the 1973 and 1979 crises.
3. Current low margins to 'gas bar' operators, ie Licensees/Tenants, reflecting a gross profit of just over 3.5%.
Losses through the reduction of stock of dry goods can be easily recognised by straightforward accounting of items but one of the man problems of the forecourt itself is wet stock which is more difficult to measure and is known to have variables such as evaporation at 0.17%, over metering pumps, as examples
Objective
The theme behind the MAA exercise is that 'it is only fair that the petrol retailer can sell what he has received and paid for'.
The MAA has received considerable help from the Texas Oil Marketers Association, which was very much aware of the problem in the United States and which has been able to verify that Exxon has monitored over 17,000 vehicle loadings over a period of time.
Also, in the UK the Institute of Petroleum organised to two-day Seminar in Octoher 1984 which at this problem right across the board from crude oil to refined product.
MAA written initially to the oil companies which had on the general theme of 'swings and over the summer and winter periods but did not sat.lsfy the n:temhers of the MAA who pressed for a to prove the matter. The MAA selecte ht.wel ve 111 the UK. which were based on geograp Ica regions to acco d " , ' " mmo ate varymg (hstances from I efll1elles and depots allcj als th 'f'l f , , " ,0 e m uenee 0 alllb lent temperatures In tile " , , "." ' "valYll1ggeographleal areas. whICh SpI edd f\Om Swtl,l\1c\ down to the south of England,
The which the MAA uses are Kane-Mav KM2002/IS dIgItal thermometers whieh arc intrinsically safe and to which are attached a PTFE lead and probe, '
All the oil Who supplied the chosen sites were advised of the exercise in\,o\\·ing both the dipping of tank compartments and the service station underground tanks and th,e fullest l'o-operatinn has bl'en recived by the MAA 11'0111 those companies,
Only one grade of motor fuel was chosen. namely 4 Star petrol which represents the highest volume throughput per site. and only one underground storage tank. The ambient temperature is also being measured.
Independent Analysis
The MAA considered that is would be prudent to have an independent voluntary body to monitor on a reasonably regular basis the data recorded by the retailing sites concerned and they are grateful for the help and assistance being received from through the services of local Trading Standards OffIcers,
Two examples were shown of that which has been taken in the Southern part of the country on or around the beainning of July where -J. Star delivered peaked out at °a temperature of just over 2-J."C and this was contrasted in relation to an underground storage temperature of just over IS"C.
It was interesting to note that. during the rather inclement weather of the month of August. tanker deliveries averaged 19, 7"C in relation to an undeground storage tank figures of just on 18"C.
There are stiII six months to the conclusion of the exercise which bv then will have covered a full twelve months embracing all seasons, Mr Ainsley expressed his appreciation to all those retail and to the oil companies for their and expressed the view that. compal1Ies were also conducting a similar exercise. It IS felt that there should be a rea;onably close correlation between the two operations being conducted,
Questions
Mr Ainsley was asked if or allowan,ces were made by supplying compames II1 resl?ect of located close to high water areas \\ h:lt tile a lternatives'? He replied that IS \\ dS kno\\ n were, , ' . '. d the tllat certain supplvmg compaI1Ies had I ecogI1Ise , , '11 f' I ce j bv llI'rh problem in relation to the chI actor prOl u l , COIl water table areas but this was ,to a,. companies, With regard to those sItes whIch h,as ongoing problem. he held out little 0,1 able to counter the problem unless some 10,rm of of insulation could be made a\'ailable WhICh could positioned around the tanks,
k I :! 'ft"r'nce
He W 'IS also asked if therc was anv mar ·el l I cc, " , "" le In between the temperature 01 motor fuel at thc noZZ , relation to that in the underground storage tank advised that. on the tests so far undertaken. thIS proved to be within 1"C at the very worst. A, I C'1l11l11ented that his Companv had found , I' -"C r (1 t "I1111eratures differences. eg variations 0 :'I ,0 1'1 t , I I·''l el during the workII1g day and It was tclt t lat t lIS nCL M. further im'estigation, In response to thi" comment. , I Ainslev advised that the InstiWtL' of Pl'tWiL'Ul11 hdd , . 'I"\lure produced a reclll11menLiation for taking temJ1L , measurements at the point of nozzle di"J1ensing and IlL' thought that the findings of this would bl' of L'l)[1sidL'rahk interest,
Mr Ainsle\ thanked the Chairman and all tllll'oL' members attending for the oppmtunity to disL'U"" till' MAA exerl'ise and thl' Chairman,l\\r OUdlL'"nl', rq 1 lll'd that the APEA had found it tll he 01 nlll..,idL'r,lhk interest and looks fllr\\ard tl) hearing llf tilL' finding" in thl' future.
I
GRP Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks
Mr. Hanson explained that Ferr a nti h a d been in the e lectrical in s ulation and hence r es in business for 50 yea rs However , in 1978 internal re-organisation within th e F e rranti Group re sulted in the insulation activity lo s ing its tr a ditional home near Oldham and after a s hort sea rch period moving to a new location in Peterl ee, Co. Durham At this new site, which h as been custom built for m a king large GRP tanks , F e rranti Resin Limited, as the n e w company was named, set about the task of con so lid a tin g their insulation activities a nd coincidentally, dev e loping up the variou s market sectors for th ei r r a nge of tank s.
Th ese sectors are the ch e mical industry effluent a nd water tre atment food and food processing wines, beers and soft drinks the bulk solids, i.e. flour, a nimal feed and , the se ctor which dr ew the a udience together on this occasion , n a mely , the storage of fuels be th ey petroleum , jet fuels , derv , fuel oil etc.
GRP t a nks for use on the filling station were developed by th e Owens-Corning-Fibreglas Company in Am e ric a a t th e beh es t of the American Petrol e um In st itut e some 25 yea rs ag o. These tank s ha ve b e en very s ucce ss fuyl in the American, Canadian a nd Norwegian m a rk e ts with th e ir s hare of new tank in stallations being 85%, 50% a nd 50% re spectively.
The reg ul a tion s in the UK say that the me tal t a nk sha ll be to t a lly s urr o und ed with sulphate resi stant co ncr e te in order that the y m ay be protected from
ex tern a l corrosion. Alternativ e methods are permissibl e, such as protecting the tanks against corrosion using cathodic protection etc., but the normal practic e is to use as indicated , sulphate resistant concrete.
By comparison , the totally corrosion resistant GRP tank may use pea grav e l or we hope within a few months , crushed aggregate.
The reasons for external corrosion in metal tank s are small electrical currents, differing oxyg e n concentrations in the soil, fertilisers, salt and alkaline depos its etc. C! RP was said to be totally r es istant to external corrosion . From experience in the three market sec tors listed , this is indeed so.
Int e rnal t? metal tank s caused by oil slud ge, water a nd b ac tenologlcal actions was r eco rded in a slide which showed th a t of a sample of 50,000 tanks in the USA 550 were leaking a nd th a t 29% of th ese were du; to mternal A further slide showed that 6610 of the tanks leakmg du e to thi s cause were 20 yea rs or les s m age.
Th e speake r went on to say that mark e t rese arch has s.hown that 80 Yo or even higher of n e w t a nks were r e qUired , not because of th e lack of perform a nce of the but for reasons of site obsolescence. In these a nd ot er the much easier r e moval of the GRP t a nk from It s pe a g rav e l surround w ' d d a ttractive to a ll concerned A 20'1 a d as cto nsl . e re ff very 11 ' '. van age II1 e ectlve msta ed weight was cl ai med to m a k tl . e l e POII1t.
The most comprehensive range of petroleum equipment and related services is now available from one source:_ GILBAR CO fo r ecourt an d com merc ial dispen sing pump s and self service systems _ NORMOND electronic and analogue output remote reading con tent s measurement systems _ TlMEPLA N fuel management and secu rity monitoring equipment SPEED WASH co in and token operated vehicle pressure washing systems OPW fuel dispensing nozzles and service station equipment Petrol and Diesel sotrage tanks SA LES, SERVICE, INSTALLA TlON & MA IN TENANCE ' iiiwll····I.II. Pump Services (UK) Ltd ., Oakfield House, 60 Oakfield Road, A ltrincham, Cheshire WA15 8EWTel ephone : 061 -9414 9 5 5 Tele x: 667834
Deciding that the petroleum market sector looked promising, the company searched the regulations for one permitting the use of GRP tanks. The conclusion was there was none in the United Kingdom. The situation in the USA was, however, totally different with the specifications well developed and the sources of supply established.
Sponsorship of a GRP tank specification in the United Kingdom was therefore required and to this end the London Fire Brigade and the Polymer Chemistry Group of the Greater London Council were most helpful, to the effect that there is now a G RP specification available for use.
The speaker made the point that the specification was still not quite right and that it needed tuning in certain aspects. These comments were with particular reference to the testing of proof and production tanks.
The HSE has given their assent to the current specification and for installation to prove out the procedures. In this, both the CACFOA and APE A and of course the ultimate customers, the Oil Companies. are being kept well informed.
The tanks will be produced at Peterlee in a custom built factory for GRP manufacture and subject to the disciplines of BSS750. These measures, together with certain changes in the specification, will that manufacturers .withou.t adequate resources are kept well away from this particular market sector. An added benefit that have is the past experience that Owens-Corl1lng-Flberglas have accumulated over
20 years in the supply of G RP petrol storage tanks to various parts of the world.
The production process comprises of three basic stage.s, fi.rst the corrosion barrier is formed by depositing a resm nch layer on to a metal mould. This is followed by a gradual transition to a more glass intensive resin which gives the structure its strength to ratio. The tank is finally given a number ofhoops or remforcement ribs giving the strength necessarv to withstand hydrostatic pressure and earth loads resufi:in a from backfill and traffic. The tank is then taken to fitting out section where its one on Iv . a manwav. fitting is attached. From there it passes 'through a quality assurance procedure which will in'Clude check on the Wall Thickness, the Flextural Strenath and Modulus, the Barcol Surface Hardness aJ';-d both Vacuum and Pressure Tests. All these controls ensure that only a tank of the highest quality leaves the Peterlee factory.
The installation requires a reinforced concrete plvnth at the bottom of the excavation and followed lw a'l2" layer of pea gravel the tank is then laid down 'on this bed and a further 12" of pea gravel is added. making sure that is is well consolidated under the ends and bottom quadrant of the tank. This is achieved usin a a long handled probe which penetrates the pea eliminating any voids that may exist. After completing the same procedure on a further 12" lift there is no further handwork necessary to properly support the tanks, pea gravel being added to completely cover the tank. Sand may be used after bringing the' backfill to the tank top providing a suitable sheet is placed over the gravel to prevent migration.
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TUBEFLOW LTO and SOUTHERN PUMP SERVICES "WE COVER LONDON" CONTRACTORS TO THE PETROLEUM AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES SUPPL V, INSTALLATION AND OF FUEL PUMPS, TANKS AND ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT INSTALLATIONS. ETC. 27=29 TEMPLE STREET, LONDON E2 6QQ
Suitable G RP holding down straps will be available to prevent floatation.
The final points made related to cost, toughness and timing. In the former case Resin coatings showed at the very les.t pnce equality wlt.h steel on an installed tank basIs, due to the sustltutlOn of pea gravel for concrete. the of toughness, the speaker said that GRP IS used Widely, for example, to line the inside of military vehicles. The purpose? Catching the spall if a projectile should hit it, quite a sound recommendation for GRP.
The final point made related to availability and capacity. This was said to be the second quarter of 1986 and in 4,OO(); 6,000; 8,000; 10,000; and 12,000 gallon capacities.
At the end of the presentation Mr. Hanson invited Mr. Agnar Gilbu, General Manager of Veroc Technology, Norway, to join him in responding to questions.
Mr
Tudor
Marshall
Looking into the futre, Funds direct from the point of sale will ll1volve transmiSSion of the funds in a real time situation. From 31 January this year the clearing bansk became involved in the creation of a National system with agreement of the Retail consortium, retailers, suppliers and in consultation with the National Consumer Council. Consumer Protection Association. A Company has now been set up to establish such a system and operate it in due course. This company is known as EFT-POS Development. Since January, interest has been granted from all over the world. The UK scheme will be a system capable of handling every acceptable card from one terminal.
There are no other schemes on this scale to compare with this project. It is unique and based on the requirements of all parties who will be involved in the system, as well as consulting manufacturers regarding the production of the supporting hardware.
RetaDl Liaison Manager
- Committee of London Clearing Banks - EFT-POS Development
Subject: Electronics Fund Transfer
Mr Marshall commented that most of the members would he concerned or interested in this development hut some would already he involved.
Some points of the basic requirements are; ease of operation, acceptance by terminals of all cards, acceptance of cards from all Banks, Building Societies, Credit and charge card companies. In addition a high standard of security and reliability is required.
Retailers will require a guarantee of payment when transactions are produced through this system, and will rely on the use of PINs consumers as the prime means of verifying transactions. The system will be open to all retailers and must reduce time taken for transactions.
D. S. Leggett (Electrical) Limited ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS NICEIC APPROVED 181 VICTORIA ROAD, NEW BARN ET, HERTS. Telephone: 01 =441 3958 SPECIALISTS IN PETROL STATIONS
Paym e nt through EFT-POS should be as quick as payment b y cash The design must be based on the best technology availab le at the time but be capable of being up gra d e d.
Simplicity of use is necessary to ensure that similar procedures are available at each outlet. Confidentiality is vital and embrassment if a transaction is declined must be minimised. The receipt should be adequate, d es criptive and standard. Terminals must be of the type to meet the needs of retailers.
There should be at least three basic options at the point of sale: A full y integrated EPOS/EFT.POS system, a till attachment card reading processor , and a Stand alone EFT.POS terminal not connect to the till.
Specifications for the terminals are to be published.
Id ea lly each card holder should be aware from the card that his system can be us e d. The system should be capable of handling many million s of transactions per year a nd b e reliable and secure. Security is important beca us e the Retailer will expect guaranteed payment of transactions credited to his bank
Correct identification of card holder is essential to e nabl e transactions to be trac e d back to point of origin , as a g uard against loss and duplication and confirmation that th e information comes from an a uthentic source.
The system has to be built to a llow for total on-line capability even if all trans act ion s are not dealt with in a full on-line way.
Transactions must be compl eted as quickl y as possible and the sys tem must retain th e flexibilit y of being upgraded e.g. One card only could fulfil all requirements of card holder. Questionnair es will be distributed to Ret a ilers to ensure that all as pect s a re taken into consideration
Three experiments are already being sponsored by the Midland Bank , National W est minster and Credit Car d companies.
EFT-POS will be responsibl e for conveying messa ges from card holders to bank s and tr a n sac tions mu s t be recorded centrally for audit purposes.
A great deal of developm e nt work is a lre a dy going on, and investigations into s uit ab le premises etc are being earned out. It IS anticipated th a t g reat problem s will of course anse. In the int e r es t of co nsumers , liaison contact h as been establi s h e d with th e OFT And DTI; both organisations are contributing.
EFT-POS must provid e a co nfid e ntial , sec ure a nd re li ab le serv ice for th e consumer to mak e payments and clo se int eres t IS be 111 g t ake n by the OFT for th e prot e ction of consumers. will be competition between banks 111 gal11111g and mall1talnl11g busl11ess from their exist in g customers.
The retailer will rece iv e a nd h a ndl e less pap e r a nd p ay m e nt by cas h will be lik e ly to dec lin e Custom e r s ca n be dea lt With m ore speed il y a t pa ym e nt POlllt. pa y m e nt s will b e g uaranteed fo r a ll tran sac tions and th e r e will be less oppo rtunit y fo r th e ft a nd fraud
DESIGN FUELLED B EXPERIENC Personal attention in design & development for the petroleum retail industry • Principal with over 25 years expenence • Project Manag ement specialists • Progressive & innovative outlook • Consultants for statutory & planning require ments • Comprehensive or tailored service to suit PLANACOURT Planacourt Limited Po. Box 27 Billericay Essex eM ll 2ES 027 74401h
Since the Bills of Exchange Act 1882 there has been little change in legislation related to payment methods. Although this Act has been updated there will be a need for legislation to be passed specifically on EFT.POS in the future hopefully after is has been established. Legislation on EFT.POS had already been passed in the USA and is causing some difficulties to development.
It may appear that progress has been slow but much development has already taken place.
Mr A G Stow - Manager Transport Legislation and Training Esso Petroleum Co. Limited
Subject: Bottom Loading of Tank Wagons
The bottom loading of tank wagons has safety benefits its greatest attraction to the oil industry is related to the economics of vapour recovery which also reduces the amount of petroleum vapour escaping into the atmosphere.
This method of loading road vehicles is being used in the USA, Australia, Japan and South Africa and on the continent of Europe.
Some of the advantages of bottom loading tanks are: lower loading rack investment with simpler layout, a safer position for the vehicle operator when loading, reduction in the static hazard hoses and a more suitable arrangement for vapour recovery.
Disadvantages are: more space required per vehicle at the loading racks, existing vehicles need adapting and new vehicles need to be designed for both top and bottom loading. In respect of the calibration of the vehicle, a change in regulations is necessary and is being sought.
Mr Stow then showed slides which illustrated the designs of the bottom loading vehicle which included details of outlet valves, foot valve air operators in operations, the foot valve emergency button, pump loading connection on the vehicle, safety in operation, the discharge hose and compartment indicators, and the conventional outlet arrangments on existing vehicles.
A safety bar is fitted and is designed to prevent interferance with the outlet valves whilst the vehicle is conveying the product. It is also linked with interlocks to prevent the vehicles moving whilst loading or discharge hoses are connected. A high level device is also fitted to the vehicle.
Notices are put on the vehicle to indicate that is has been designed for bottom loading.
loading of tankers is employed in the USA for envlfonmental reasons. It is also used in Europe but the driving force is economic rather than environmental, stemming from the value of the hydrocarbon which can be recovered from the vapour which is normally lost in the atmosphere.
w. LAMB LTD. THE PREMIER PUMP AND TANK COMPANY Forecourt and Commercial - Above and Below Ground Supply - Test - Exchange - Service - Install Product - Transfer - De-Watering - Removal - Purchase Tank Demolition -,- Removal - Safety Filling Large Stocks of New and Second hand and Deisel Pumps, Tanks and Accessories DAYBROOK STREET, SHERWOOD, NOTTINGHAM 0602 621511 + 608084 WORKS, BOURNE END LANE, HEMEL HEMPSTEAD 0442 772296
The equipment fitted to vehicles to enable the vapour to be collected was illustrated. This includes vapour vent valves and a vapour manifold terminating in a special coupling for the vapour hose.
There are two primary methods of vapour recovery, the refrigeration method and carbon adsorption method.
Mr Stow concluded his talk with slides illustrating the refrigeration and carbon absorption units currently in use in Europe and a brief description of their operation.
THANKS WERE GIVEN BY Mr Duchesne, Chairman, to the speakers for their interesting and varied talks, and also to the exhibitors for an excellent display of their products. Mr Duchesne also expressed his thanks, on behalf of the Association to Mr MW Shipley, Chief Training Standards Officer of Cambridgeshire for the assistance given to the Honorary Secretary. Mr B D Taylor, to organise the seminar and also allowing Miss Benda Arden to record notes at the meeting. Due to lack of time the Open Forum item scheduled on the programme was restricted to Delegates raising any questions with the speakers personally during the refreshment period.
Mr Duchesne thanked the Delegates for supporting the event and wished them a safe journey home.
Telephone 021-236 0347 w. J. FINCH (Installations) Ltd. Steaming out and de-gassing petrol tanks; issuing gas free certificates Complete petrol and fuel oil bulk storage tank installations Petrol and fuel oil tank cleaning service Pressure testing tanks and pipe work Heaton House, Camden St., Birmingham Bl 3BZ
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