St. Andrews House Construction Analysis

DESC9014 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY Assignment 1 Sustainable Assessment of a Case Study SID: 480188528 480310945 480327138 490224719

19TH April 2019

Report Content: 1.

Introduction 1.1 General Information 1.2 Project Description 1.3 Concept by the Architects 1.4 Sustainable Features 1.5 Construction Images 2. Methodology 3. Architectural Drawings 3.1 Site Plan 3.2 Floor Plans 3.3 Sections 3.4 Elevation 3.5 Exploded View Of Building Focusing On Structural and Material Layer 4. Structural Details 4.1 Main Structural System 4.2 Structural Joinery Details 5. Roof and Floor Details 5.1 Roof Details 5.2 Floor Details 6. Walls, Louvers and Sun Shading Details 7. Stair Details 8. Window Details 8.1 First Floor Window 8.2 Half Window 9. Door Details 10. Life Cycle Analysis 10.1 Calculating Global Warning Potential, GWP 10.2 Analysis 11. Conclusion Reference List

1. INTRODUCTION

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1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

1.3 CONCEPT BY THE ARCHITECTS

Project Name: St Andrews Beach House

Evolving the form from shadows created by different forms

Location: St Andrews Beach, Mornington Peninsula, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Coordinates of the Site: 38°25'02.8"S 144°49'36.9"E Architects: Andrew Maynard, Mark Austin, Ray Dinh ("Austin Maynard Architects", 2019)

Creating an embedded deck instead of the exposed one

Builder Organization: Spence Construction ("Austin Maynard Architects", 2019) Land area: 8304 sqm ("Austin Maynard Architects", 2019) Building area: 139 sqm (ground floor: 78 sqm, first floor: 61 sqm) ("Austin Maynard Architects", 2019)

Image 04 & 05: Conceptual sketches from architects ("St. Andrews Beach House / Austin Maynard Architects", 2019)

1.4 SUSTAINABLE FEATURES

Date of Completion December 2018 ("Austin Maynard Architects", 2019)

The location of this building lies in the climate zone 06 which is a mild temperate zone. The maximum recorded temperature in January is less than 30C. According to the climatic conditions the designers made an effort to build it as a passive house. This house has adapted to the passive heating principles successfully. All the glazing used here are double layered, acting as a good heat insulation. The site has an adequate exposure to the sun as a result of which the solar panels with micro inverters situated at the rooftop enable solar energy consumption efficiently.

Engineer Perret Simpson ("Austin Maynard Architects", 2019) Building Surveyor Team Steve Watson & Partners ("Austin Maynard Architects", 2019)

1.5 CONSTRUCTION IMAGES

Energy Consultant Team Efficient Energy Choices ("Austin Maynard Architects", 2019) Land Surveyor Team Steve Palmer Surveys ("Austin Maynard Architects", 2019)

Image 01, 02 & 03 (Anti clockwise): Exterior images ("Austin Maynard Architects", 2019)

1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION St Andrews Beach House is selected for this particular assignment due to its detailed unique concept and construction technique. This two storied circular vacation house is inspired from the “bach” of New Zealand beach houses which refers to the hard-core beach houses built from recycled materials during mid-century ("St. Andrews Beach House / Austin Maynard Architects", 2019). The circular form was chosen for its unlimited view to the beach where each façade of the building represents the front of the building. This vacation house is situated in a difficult site in terms of construction. The radius of the circular building is limited to 5 meters to ensure minimum carbon footprint on to the natural site that is rich in flora and fauna. The house has a decking system that was designed incorporating in the building, instead of adding any other structure to it in order to maintain the least of footprints on the site ("Austin Maynard Architects", 2019).

Image 06, 07 & 08: Construction Phases ("Austin Maynard Architects", 2019)

2. METHODOLOGY The assignment focuses on the sustainable assessment of the case study in terms of construction details and materials. The construction of the building has been completed very recently. As a result of which there were not a significant number of studies on the drawings and specifications of it. Austin Maynards Architects have published very few amount of drawings for this project. All the plans, elevations, sections, details and three dimensional visualizations submitted here are generated by the authors from the online sources using AutoCAD, Sketchup, Photoshop and free hand drawings. The material specification has been finalised after researching about all the manufacturer companies individually. The building is currently being used as a vacation house, so the occupancy section in the life cycle analysis has been conducted in this report are according to this information.

3. ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

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3.1 SITE PLAN

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N Figure 01. St Andrews Beach House Site Plan (Author, 2019)

3.2 FLOOR PLANS 6

7. BEDROOM 03 8. BEDROOM 02 9. BEDROOM 01 1O. BATH

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N Figure 02. First Floor Plan 1:75 Scale (Author, 2019)

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5 1.

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2 N

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1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

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ENTRY LIVING BATHROOM & LAUNDRY STORE KITCHEN DINING

Figure 03. Ground Floor Plan at 1:75 Scale (Author, 2019)

9.

Image 09, 10, 11, 12, 13 & 14: Different zones of the building ("Austin Maynard Architects", 2019)

3. ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

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3.3 SECTIONS

Figure 04. Section BB 1:100 Scale (Author, 2019)

3.4 ELEVATION

Figure 06 West Elevation 1:100 Scale (Author, 2019)

Figure 05 Section AA 1:100 Scale (Author, 2019)

3. ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

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3.5 EXPLODED VIEW OF BUILDING FOCUSING ON STRUCTURAL AND MATERIAL LAYER

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1

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9 4

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1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

ROOF MAIN STRUCTURAL SYSTEM FACADE LAYERING WINDOW DETAIL STEEL STAIR GROUND FLOOR FINISH FIRST FLOOR FINISH SOLAR PANEL SHADING DEVICE

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Figure 07 Exploded Structure (Author, 2019)

4. STRUCTURAL DETAILS

MAIN STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

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4.1 MAIN STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Figure 09 Pipe Ring Structure (Author, 2019) Pipe Beam Structure

Secondary Beam

Main Beam 14 in first floor 14 in second floor Inner Column. Total in First Floor 16 Column In second Floor 21 Column Outer Column. Total 14 Column Figure 10 Structural Module (Author, 2019)

Image 15: Black Butt Structure (Archdaily, 2018)

Column Type A at periphery

BLACKBUTT WOOD STRUCTURE WITH GLULAM TECHNOLOGY Durability Ground = 15-25 Years Above Ground= >40 Years Non Susceptible to Lyctid Borer Resistant to Termite EFH Ignitability 13/20 EFH Spread of Flame Index 7/10 EFH Smoke Developed Index 3/10 Fire Properties Group Number Slightly Combustible Blackbutt has been found to be suitable (by the Building Commission in Victoria) for home construction in bushfire areas.

(Ironwood Australia, 2019)

Detail Joint 04

Column Type B at center

Plan

Detail Joint 01 Detail Joint 02

Detail Joint 03 Figure 08 Exploded Structure

(Author, 2019)

Black Butt Glulam Column Gap Bolt and Nut Metal baseplate Elevations Elevations Figure 11 Column Typology (Author, 2019)

Plan

4. STRUCTURAL DETAILS

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01

4.2 STRUCTURAL JOINERY DETAILS

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Structural Reinforcing Bracket Black Butt Glulam Column Bolt and Nut Internal Steel Reinforcement

Figure 13 Joint 01 (Author, 2019)

Figure 15 Joint 03 (Author, 2019)

Figure 14 Detailed Joint 01 (Author, 2019)

04 01 02

Figure 16 Exploded Joint 03 (Author, 2019)

04

03

Structural Reinforcing Bracket

Black Butt Glulam Column

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Type A

Non Combustible Coating

Figure 12 Exploded Structure (Author, 2019)

Figure 17Joint 02 (Author, 2019)

Bolt and Nut

Type B

Structural Reinforcing Bracket Type C

High Strength Concrete 01

Internal Steel Reinforcement

02

Figure 19 Joint 04 (Author, 2019)

Galvanized Steel Uplift Anchors 03

Image 16, 17, 18 & 19: Joinery details (Archdaily, 2018)

04

Figure 18 Joint 02 (Author, 2019)

Figure 20 Joint 04 Type A, B,C (Author, 2019)

Welded Joint

Structural Reinforcing Bracket with bolt and nut

Figure 21 Pipe Joint 4 (Author, 2019)

Concrete Pad Figure 22 Exploded Pipe Joint 4 (Author, 2019)

5. ROOF & FLOOR DETAILS

7 ROOF SECTION

5.1 ROOF DETAIL

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Metal Sheet Sealant Corrugated Metal Sheet Roof Wood Frame Exterior Wood Frame Exterior Wood Panel with Intergrain

Image 20: Roof (Youtube, 2018)

5.2 FLOOR DETAIL

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3

A

Figure 24 Detail A

B

Figure 23 Roof Section (AUTHOR, 2019)

Corrugated Metal Sheet Roof

Sealant Gutter Wood Frame Figure 25 Detail B (AUTHOR, 2019)

1. Main Beam – Black butt Wood with Intergrain, Non Combustible Coating 2. Interior Ceiling – White Painted Plaster Board 3. Timber Frame – Black Butt Wood with Intergrain, Non Combustible Coating 4. Insulation – Mineral Wool 5. Roof Material – Corrugated Metal Sheet 6. Gutter – Metal Sheet

(AUTHOR, 2019) GROUND FLOOR SECTION Image 21: Floor in Ground Level (Archdaily, 2018)

Screed

SCREED FLOOR/ CONCRETE A floor screed is a material made out of cement with a 1:3 or 1:4.5 ratio of cement to sharp sand. It may be applied onto either a solid in-situ concrete ground floor slab or onto a precast concrete floor unit (Floorscreeds, 2019)

D

Figure 26 Floor Section (AUTHOR, 2019)

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Image 22: Floor in First Level (Archdaily, 2018)

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1. Main Beam – Black butt Wood with Intergrain, Non Combustible Coating 2. Interior Ceiling – White Painted Plaster Board 2 3. Floor Panel – Silvertop Ash Wood with 1 Intergrain, Non Combustible Coating 4. White Painted Wood 4 Frame – Black Butt Wood Figure 27 Detail C (AUTHOR, 2019)

SILVERTOP ASH FLOOR Durability Ground = 5-15 Years Above Ground= 15-40 Years Non Susceptible to Lyctid Borer Not Resistant to Termite EFH Ignitability 13/20 EFH Spread of Flame Index 6/10 EFH Smoke Developed Index 3/10 Fire Properties Group Number Slightly Combustible Silvertop ash is a large Australian hardwood that is commonly used for general construction and flooring (Woodsolution, 2019)

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Heated Pipe Tacker Insulation Panel Damp Proof Membrane Prepared Concrete

2 4 3 1

1. Concrete Floor 2. Black Butt Column 3. Exterior Wood Frame 4. Exterior Wood Panel with Intergrain

Figure 28 Detail D (AUTHOR, 2019)

Figure 29 DETAIL HEATED SCREED FLOOR (AUTHOR, 2019) For the screed floor, we suggest to use the in slab heating or cooling system to create an active thermal system. It could reduce the air conditioner load and have a significant impact for sustainability

Ceramic Tile Bathroom Floor MUTINA CERAMICS FLOORING

FIRST FLOOR SECTION 4 3

2 1

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c

Figure 30 Second Floor Section (AUTHOR, 2019)

Thickness 12mm Water Absorption <0.5% resistance to chemical attacks no visible alteration breaking strength ≥35 N/mm2 20% recycled material Environmental management system ISO 14000 e ISO 9001 (Mutina, 2019)

6. WALLS, LOUVERS AND SUN SHADING DETAILS

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This vacation house has a light weight wall structure in both floor. The walls can be categorised in 4 types:

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1. Full Covered Wall Most of the second floor enclosed by wall because most of the function is bedroom and toilet.

03 01

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2. Vertical Louvre Wall To provide good lighting and ventilation, they created a void that covered with vertical louvre

1. Structure – Black Butt Wood 2. Interior Wall – White Painted Plasterboard 3. Wood Frame – Black Butt Wood 4. Exterior Wall – Silvertop Ash Wood Panel

3. Full Window Wall with sun Shading Big opening in the North built with Sun shading in it to blocked the direct sun

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FULL COVERED SOLID WALL

4. Half Window Wall They design a half window to both maintain privacy in family room (first floor) and view to the outside.

Figure 31 Exploded Full Wall Detail (AUTHOR, 2019)

Image 23: Wall Types(Archdaily, 2018)

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VERTICAL LOUVRE WALL (ENTRANCE)

1. Structure – Black Butt Wood 2. Interior Wall – White Painted Plasterboard 3. Wood Frame – Black Butt Wood 4. Exterior Wall – Silver Ash Top Wood Panel 5. Vertical Louvre – Silvertop Ash Wood Figure 32 Exploded Full Wall Detail (AUTHOR, 2019)

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FULL WINDOW WALL WITH SUN SHADING

1. Structure – Black Butt Wood 2. Wood Frame – Black Butt Wood 3. Wood Window Frame – Black Butt Wood 4. Exterior Wall – Silver Ash Top Wood Panel 5. Sun Shading – Silvertop Ash Wood Panel

Figure 33 Exploded Full Window Wall with Sun Shading (AUTHOR, 2019)

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HALF WINDOW WALL

1. Structure – Black Butt Wood 2. Interior Wall – White Painted Plasterboard 3. Wood Frame – Black Butt Wood 4. Wood Window Frame – Black Butt Wood 5. Exterior Wall – Silvertop Ash Wood Panel Figure 34 Exploded Half Window Wall (AUTHOR, 2019)

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7. STAIR DETAILS

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02

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BCA PART D2 Stairs Requirement

Table 01. Riser and Going Dimension (NCC 2019 BCA Volume One, 2019) Balustrade spaced are no more than 120 mm. (BCA Compliance)

BCA PART D2 Stairs Requirement

(R) Riser 190 mm (BCA Compliance) Railing Height 1200 mm BCA Comlpliance). Not Less than 865mm with no break hand hold.

Between Threads 50mm (BCA Compliance). Not letting 125 Sphere passing through.

Table 02. Riser and Going Dimension (NCC 2019 BCA Volume One, 2019)

(G) Going 300 mm Width in the outer side.

2R + G = 190x2 + 300 = 680 Pass the BCA

BCA PART D2 Barrier Construction

Number of Step 13 in total. Not more than 18 (Pass the BCA)

Image 24: Stairs Detail (Archdaily, 2018)

Figure 35 Elevation Of Stairs.

(Author, 2019)

POWDER COATING PERFORATED METAL STAIRS STUD 1500 by ENZIE

Table 03. Barrier Construction (NCC 2019 BCA Volume One, 2019)

HOT DIP GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE RAILING 20 MM (Enzie, 20119) The Stairs is well designed with no bolt or screw seen. It is clearly seen that the structure mostly done by welding the metal together. It creates a sleek and minimalist look of a stairs.

Welded Joint Figure 36 1ST LEVEL PLAN OF STAIRS (AUTHOR, 2019)

Figure 37 2ND LEVEL PLAN OF STAIRS. (AUTHOR, 2019)

Figure 38 DETAIL STEP OF STAIRS. (AUTHOR, 2019)

Figure 39 DETAIL STEP OF STAIRS. (AUTHOR, 2019)

8. WINDOW DETAILS

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8.1 FIRST FLOOR WINDOW

TOP A. Timber Frame B. Timber Bead C. Sealed Thermoglaz Unit Glazing Tape

Figure 42 DETAIL SECTION F TOP (Author, 2019)

D. Thermal Barrier Sloped Setting Block Drainage Slots

D SECTION

F SECTION

BOTTOM Figure 43 DETAIL SECTION F BOTTOM (Author, 2019)

A SECTION Image 25: Window (Archdaily, 2018)

DOUBLE GLAZING WINDOW

by Viridian

E SECTION

C

Figure 41 WINDOW B DETAIL (AUTHOR, A 2019)

C

B SECTION

A C

B D

B

B D

D

A

C SECTION

Figure 40 WINDOW A DETAIL (AUTHOR, 2019)

With ThermoPlastic Spacer Clear, Low E Coating, Locally Processed Insulation (R Value) 2.5 m2 K /W SHGC 0.39 W (ThermoTech™ , 2019) Frame: Black butt Wood Frame With non Combustible Coating from Intergrain

Figure 44 DETAIL SECTION A (Author, 2019) Double Glazed Unit ThermoTech™ is insulated glass unit that sealed.

Figure 47 3D Double Glazing (Author, 2019)

Figure 45 DETAIL SECTION B (Author, 2019)

Low E Coating Low E coating is applied to bring the natural light in without emitting radiant heat, maximizing both light and energy efficiency.

Figure 46 DETAIL SECTION C (Author, 2019)

Locally Processed ThermoTech™ are locally manufactured, offering greater opportunity for customized design

Compliance BCA J.3.4 An operable window must be sealed from air.. It could made out of foam, rubber compression strip, fibrous seal.

8.2 HALF WINDOW 11 TOP A. Timber Frame B. Timber Bead C. Sealed Thermoglaz Unit Glazing Tape Figure 48 DETAIL SECTION E TOP (Author, 2019)

Image 26: Half Window Archdaily, 2018) SECTION C

D. Thermal Barrier Sloped Setting Block Drainage Slots

9. DOOR DETAILS

SECTION A

BOTTOM Figure 49 DETAIL SECTION E BOTTOM (Author, 2019)

SECTION D Figure 50 WINDOW DETAILAND SECTION (AUTHOR, 2019)

SECTION B

A. Timber Structure B. Sliding Folding Door hinge F. Thermal Barrier

C. Double Glass Door from Viridian

Figure 52 B SECTION DETAIL TOP (Author, 2019) D. Blackbutt Wood as Door Frame

Image 27: Entrance Door Archdaily, 2018) DOUBLE GLAZING DOOR

by Viridian With ThermoPlastic Spacer Clear, Low E Coating, Locally Processed Insulation (R Value) 2.5 m2 K /W SHGC 0.39 W (ThermoTechâ&#x201E;¢ , 2019) Frame: Black butt Wood Frame With non Combustible Coating from Intergrain

A SECTION

B. Sliding Folding Door hinge

B SECTION

E.. Concrete Floor with wood line

Figure 51 DOOR 1 DETAIL (AUTHOR, 2019) Figure 53 B SECTION DETAIL BOTTOM (AUTHOR, 2019)

10. LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS 10.1 CALCULATING GLOBAL WARNING POTENTIAL, GWP

ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT - eToolLCD Software GLOBAL WARNING POTENTIAL, GWP - (kg CO2 eq/m^2 Gross Floor Area/Year)

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8. LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS 8.2 ANALYSIS Life cycle assessment is a technique that involves in the assessment of environmental impact of the materials for all through their stages from the raw extraction through the manufacture, dispersal, use, conservation, repair and recycle phase and by undergoing all the assessment phase sustainability of a building the structure can be analysed.

Standing at less than 5m radius St. Andrews Beach House is an outstanding exhibit of exposed timber frame where sustainability was the fundamental concern of the design. All the material of the structure including external and internal walls, doors, windows, stairs, ceiling, floors are scoped into this assessment. Although interior finishes are not a part of this building structure, they are also included in the analysis because this is a highly modified structure so the selection reason behind each material is a part of the design concern. However, this is low maintenance building with no facility of mechanical ventilation, service equipment, and other fixtures are also assessed to get the proper view of the scenario. LCA analysis of this house is referred to the benchmark of ‘AU WA Res Ave 2013 Code Compl CZ 5 (10 dwelling) V11’, (Etool, 2019) shown in appendix figure 03. and running within 54 years of lifetime.

From the value listed in figure xx, elaborates the materials’ negative impact on the environment. Superstructure holds the largest portion for almost 34% of total GWP against the total number. If we go look at table xx from the appendix, we will figure out that none of the material adds too much negative impact which indicates that because of the wood-based structural system it was constructed with minimum co2 and in future it contributes very little in the production of co2. Timber is recyclable and sustainable and all of these make timber an environmentally friendly material.

Moreover, this a vacation house which is vacant 50% time of the year. And to add on sustainable none mechanical cooling or heating system were introduced here. So the operational energy is also very less.

By comparing the structure with another reference single residence in Australia we get to find out that, because of its timber base construction system its GWP value is considerably less. The reference of benchmark house is a brick structure and from the comparison table (Appendix, figure xx), it is noticeable that the main difference lies in between operational energy and maintenance.

LCA should be considered while selecting material for a building because by choosing low waste potential and high recyclable product environmental impact can be controlled.

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REFERENCE Austin Maynard Architects. (2019). Retrieved from https://maynardarchitects.com/#/standrews/ Australian Building and Construction Commissioner. (2019). National Construction Code. Australia: Author.

Enzie. (2019). Universal Series | enzie Spiral Stairs. Retrieved from https://enzie.com.au/spiral-staircase-range/new-universal/

Floor screeds. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.concretecentre.com/BuildingElements/Floors/Floor-Screeds.aspx Ironwood Australia - Recycled Timber Specialists. (2019). Ironwood Australia Technical Specifications - Blackbutt. Retrieved from https://ironwood.com.au/blackbutt-technical-specifications/ Mutina. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.mutina.it/it/pdf/DECHIRER.pdf School, O., Walls, T., Trusses, B. and Glulam, G. (2019). Timber Curtain Walls – vicbeam™. Vicbeam.com.au. Retrieved from https://vicbeam.com.au/productservices/timber-curtain-walls/ St Andrews Beach House - Austin Maynard Architects. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djv6HVeU8Ks ThermoTech™ – for Enhanced Comfort and Design Flexibility. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.viridianglass.com/products/energy-efficiency/thermotech Unparalleled Timber & Wood Finishes | Intergrain. (2019). Retrieved from http://www.intergrain.com.au/

Woodsolutions.com.au. (2019). Ash, Silvertop | WoodSolutions. Retrieved from : https://www.woodsolutions.com.au/wood-species/ash-silvertop

Image 28: Structure Global Warming Potential, GWP Chart for St. Andrews Beach House