Technical University of Munich
Introduction
- Motivation
- State of Research
- Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
- Opt. angle configuration
Results/Discussion
- Daylight Analysis
- Glare Analysis
- Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas AuerChair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
To develop a multi-domain modeling framework to evaluate dynamic photovoltaic shading systems in terms of architectural, structural, and energy performance criteria.
Technical University of Munich
Introduction
- Motivation
- State of Research
-
Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
- Opt. angle configuration
Results/Discussion
- Daylight Analysis
-
Glare Analysis
-
Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas
Auer Developed within the A/S group at ETH Zurich.
A lightweight PV shading system composed of Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) panels.
Ability to adapt different weather condition with its combination of adaptive shading and electricity generation.
The orientation can be controlled individually or in clusters using pneumatic actuators.
No changes are required in the original façade for installing the ASF.
Technical University of Munich
Introduction
- Motivation
- State of Research
- Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
- Opt. angle configuration
Results/Discussion
- Daylight Analysis
-
Glare Analysis
- Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
Evolving a simulation framework for the further expansion in terms of visual comfort.
Conducting a case study for the adaptive shading facade to evaluate visual comfort conditions according to the existing specifications.
Further conducting simulations with change of parameters (propose cases) to improve the visual comfort conditions.
Formulate future design considerations based on the results.
Technical University of Munich
Introduction
- Motivation
- State of Research
- Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
- Opt. angle configuration
Results/Discussion
- Daylight Analysis
- Glare Analysis
- Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas
Auer First stage - Simulation model is build using Rhino/grasshopper.
Second stage - Executing the visual comfort analysis, which is divided into 3 stages that includes daylight, glare and view analysis.
Lastly, the data obtained from simulations is plotted to MATLAB to illustrate the results in graphical order.
Initialization
- Weather Data
- Building Data
- Façade Geometry
- Orientation
- Material properties
Visual Analysis
Daylight Glare View
Honeybee DIVA LEED CI Spreadsheet
Technical University of Munich
Introduction
- Motivation
- State of Research
- Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
- Opt. angle configuration
Results/Discussion
- Daylight Analysis
- Glare Analysis
-
Results
MATLAB
Graphical Output
Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration
Source – Self-produced
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
The ASF modules on the façade at the House of Natural Resources.
Technical University of Munich
Introduction
- Motivation
- State of Research
- Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
-
Opt. angle configuration
Results/Discussion
-
Daylight Analysis
-
Glare Analysis
-
Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration
Daksh Talwar I Master’s Thesis 2017 Source - Nagy, Zoltan, et al "The Adaptive Solar Facade: From concept to prototypes (2016)Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
Simulation model is build according to parameter.
Simulations performed at hourly time steps for each month according to the optimum angle configurations.
Daylight analysis - The grid is taken at a height of 0.75m from the finish floor level.
Glare analysis - Simulations are ran at the task desk with the fish eye lens.
Office Zone Parameters
Office Envelope
Width - 4.9m
Height - 3.1m
Depth - 7m
Glazing specification
Material reflections
VT - 0.68
Back plate of PV modules - 0.35
Walls, ceiling and floor - 0.75
Furniture – 0.35
Occupancy Weekdays working hours
9am - 18pm
Location
Weather File
Zurich, Switzerland
Zurich-Kloten, Switzerland 2013
Orientation South
Technical University of Munich
Introduction
- Motivation
- State of Research
- Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
- Opt. angle configuration
Results/Discussion
- Daylight Analysis
-
Glare Analysis
-
Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration
Source – Self-produced
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
Details the parameters for all the cases.
Technical University of Munich
Introduction
- Motivation
- State of Research
-
Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
-
Altitude angles : 0 degree (closed) to 90 degree open position in steps of 15 degree.
Azimuth angles : -45 degree (southeast) to + 45 degree (south-west) direction with 15 degree steps.
49 dynamic configurations.
Simulation Cases
-
Angle configuration
Results/Discussion
-
Daylight Analysis
-
Glare Analysis
-
Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration
Source – Self-produced Nagy, Zoltan, et al "The Adaptive Solar Facade: From concept to prototypes (2016).
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
Heat-maps visualizing the optimal angles to minimize the net energy demand including PV electricity production.
Azimuth angle of -45 degree stands for south-west facing panels and +45 degree south-east facing panels.
Altitude angle of 0 degree stands for closed panels and 90 degree for open panels.
The optimal angle configurations for altitude and azimuth direction is used for all the simulations in this study.
Technical University of Munich
Introduction
- Motivation
- State of Research
- Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
- Opt. angle configuration
Results/Discussion
- Daylight Analysis
- Glare Analysis
- Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration
Source - Nagy, Zoltan, et al "The Adaptive Solar Facade: From concept to prototypes (2016)
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
More than 300 lux in each occupied hours throughout the year.
Except the month of November where only 14% of the occupied hours receives daylight between 300 to 500 lux.
This is mostly due to the ASF angle configuration during winters when the altitude angle is at 15 degree (partially close) that blocks the solar penetration into the room.
Technical University of Munich
Objectives Methodology
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
An increase in lux level for each working hour compared to the base case scenario.
Improvement is seen in the month of November where the availability of the lux increased to 28.5% from 14% in the previous case.
Technical University of Munich
-
-
-
-
-
-
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
Technical University of Munich
A low lux level is observed than the earlier cases.
Above 300 lux for 100% occupied hours from January to October.
In the month of December, lux
availability decreased to 71.5% for occupied hours.
Objectives
Methodology Case
Future Consideration
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
Almost the similar result to the last case.
These parameters makes the worst availability of the lux into the room than all the cases.
In the month of November no useful lux level is received on the working desk hence one have to use artificial light during the working hours.
Technical University of Munich
Introduction
-
- State
-
Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
- Opt.
Results/Discussion
-
- Glare Analysis
-
Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration Source
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
Cases 300<=lux<=500 lux>=500
Base case 6.5% 85%
Proposed case 1 5.75% 86.25%
Proposed case 2 11% 79%
Proposed case 3 12.5% 76.75%
300 lux achieved throughout the year.
Except in the month of November due to the following Angle configuration :
Altitude angle of 15 degree to maximum 30 degree (partially close).
Azimuth angles moving from a south-east facing (30 degree) to a south-west facing (-30 degree) direction.
During the summer months, the lux availability is commendable due to the open positioning of the modules for providing shading from the high sun position hence cutting down the direct solar radiation and inviting diffuse daylight into the space in each summer month.
Proposed case-1 is the most efficient in all the cases as it improves the daylight availability also in the month of November when the modules are closed with the increased back plate reflection.
Other cases also achieved 90% daylight availability of the lux level more than 300 lux annually.
Introduction
-
Motivation
-
State of Research
-
Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
-
Opt. angle configuration
Results/Discussion
-
Daylight Analysis
-
Glare Analysis
-
Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration
Source – Self-produced
Technical University of MunichChair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
Technical University of Munich
In January at 14:00pm and in October between 13:00pm to 14:00pm it drastically increased to intolerable glare.
In March glare probability reached to intolerable and disturbing level at few hours throughout the month.
In September, intolerable glare can be observed at 14:00pm.
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
-
Results/Discussion
-
- Glare Analysis
- Visual Analysis Improvement Conclusion
Future Consideration
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
The illuminance level inside the room is increased which resulted in a negligible increase in glare probability than the base case scenario.
Nearly 1% increase of glare probability can be observed.
Similar results as the base case.
Technical University of Munich
-
- State of Research
- Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
-
-
-
-
Future Consideration
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
A drastic decrease in the glare probability is observed.
This improved almost every summer month by inviting imperceptible glare into the room.
Improvement in the winter months can be seen as the intolerable glare decreased to some extent in the uncomfortable working hours of the months.
Technical University of Munich
-
-
Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
- Opt. angle configuration
Results/Discussion
- Daylight Analysis
-
Glare Analysis
-
Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration Source – Self-produced
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
Almost 1-2% less glare probability into the room for every working hour.
At the end, the average percentage of the glare probability in the occupied hours for each month is the same as proposed case-2.
Technical University of Munich
-
-
Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case
- Simulation Cases
-
Results/Discussion
- Daylight Analysis
-
Glare Analysis
-
Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration Source –
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
Proposed case 2 and 3 are the best.
During winter glare probability inside the office is least due to the following opt. angle configuration :
Altitude angle with stagnant positioning of 15 degree to maximum 30 degree (partially close).
Azimuth angles moving from a south-east facing (30 degree) to a south-west facing (-30 degree) direction.
In January at 14:00pm, glare probability increases due to the positioning of ASF modules with the altitude angle as 75 degree (open position).
The same kind of intolerable glare probability is noticed in the month of October between 13:00 and 14:00pm but here the ASF modules are totally in close position due to the lower sun angle.
Technical University of Munich
Introduction
- Motivation
- State of Research
- Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
- Opt. angle configuration
Results/Discussion
- Daylight Analysis
- Glare Analysis
Cases Imperceptible Perceptible Disturbing Intolerable
Base case 78.5% 14% 2.5% 5%
Proposed case 1 76.75% 11.25% 6% 6%
Proposed case 2 93% 1% 2% 4%
Proposed case 3 93% 1% 2% 4%
- Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration
Source – Self-produced
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
This module movement appears to inverse during the summer months :
As the high sun position supports open positioning of the modules to maximize shading and cutting down the direct solar radiation into the space.
Also observed that the sides of the ASF framework invites the direct solar radiation into the room during early and later hours of the day due to the absence of modules at the corners.
Technical University of Munich
Introduction
- Motivation
- State of Research
- Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
- Opt. angle configuration
Results/Discussion
- Daylight Analysis
- Glare Analysis
- Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration
Source – Self-produced
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
As per the LEED guidelines for the view analysis, the calculation is done for all the 49 configurations.
The direct site line from a point 42 inches (1.05m) above the finish floor (typical seated eye height) is available.
The calculations are based on elevations not on sections with the direct site line above the finish floor.
Technical University of Munich
Introduction
- Motivation
- State of Research
- Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
- Opt. angle configuration
Results/Discussion
- Daylight Analysis
- Glare Analysis
- Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration
Source – Self-produced
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
Percentage of the compliant area is getting the views for each working hour (9-18) for every month.
Only 22.5% of compliant area is getting views for more than 75% during the working hours throughout the year.
Therefore, LEED requirement to does not fulfill with ASF modules.
Introduction
- Motivation
- State of Research
-
Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
-
Opt. angle configuration
Results/Discussion
-
Daylight Analysis
-
Glare Analysis
-
Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration
Technical University of MunichChair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
Changing of glass VT.
Changing back plate material reflection.
Changing the grid size or design.
To add the modules at the corners or to add a kind of permanent surfaces which could cut off the direct radiation into the room during early and later hours of the day and invites only diffuse daylight.
Analysis was ran for the month of March to improve the glare probability between 15:00pm to 17:00pm for which proposed case-2 was considered.
Introduction
- Motivation
- State of Research
- Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
- Opt. angle configuration
Results/Discussion
- Daylight Analysis
- Glare Analysis
- Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration
Source – Self-produced
Technical University of MunichChair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
DGP Scale
Imperceptible glare - DGP<0.35,
Perceptible glare - 0.35<=DGP<0.40
Disturbing glare - 0.40<=DGP<0.45
Intolerable glare - DGP>=0.45
Technical University of Munich
Introduction
- Motivation
- State of Research
- Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
- Opt. angle configuration
Results/Discussion
- Daylight Analysis
-
Glare Analysis
-
Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration
Source – Self-produced
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
The simulation framework is successfully used to determine the visual comfort according to the different angle configurations over a year.
Proposed case-3 is the best one because of the proper availability of the daylight, imperceptible glare and view.
Hence, this framework for the visual comfort qualifies for the analysis of the adaptive shading facades.
Technical University of Munich
Introduction
- Motivation
- State of Research
- Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
- Simulation Cases
- Opt. angle configuration
Results/Discussion
- Daylight Analysis
- Glare Analysis
-
Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration
Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design
Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Thomas Auer
The conclusion of this thesis led to the following future design considerations:
Further enhancing the simulation framework with the python scripting can reduce the simulation time hence making the framework more efficient and time saving.
Many design implementation can be done in order to improve the ASF design, which can further enhance the visual comfort conditions.
The simulation framework can be implemented further to check the energy performance of the adaptive shading systems with control optimization of visual comfort.
The performance of the ASF is influence by surrounding buildings and environment, which can obstruct the direct radiation into the space. Hence, reflected rays (diffuse light) play a crucial role in the overall behavior of the ASF. This could be tested by using different conditions.
Introduction
- Motivation
- State of Research
-
Adaptive Solar Facade
Objectives
Methodology
Case Study
-
Simulation Cases
-
Opt. angle configuration
Results/Discussion
-
Daylight Analysis
-
Glare Analysis
-
Visual Analysis
Improvement
Conclusion
Future Consideration
Source – Self-produced
Technical University of Munich