Architecture & Urban Planning I Urban Noise Planning for Ludhiana City by surabhi sharma

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Planning(Urban) Session 2019-2020

Submitted by Surabhi Sharma

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

INTRODUCTION TO NOISE IN THE CITY Indian cities are noisier than ever before, with the noisiest areas becoming noisier and the quieter areas becoming less quiet

Introduction

High levels of traffic noises Expansion populations

urban

Increases in mechanical and industrial sounds

It is important for the acoustic environment to be given attention in order to improve the quality of life in cities.

SELECTION CRITERIA FOR CITY Polluting Industries in Ludhiana Type of Industry

Number

Foundry

507

Electroplating

281

Dying

130

Tyre & Tube

Heat Treatment

Induction Furnace

Paper & Board Mill

Highest noise level(75.7dB in 2019) is experienced by Ludhiana among all the cities of Punjab .

Industrialization Ludhiana is the largest industrial city in the Punjab. Making the city more vulnerable to industrial noise pollution’ Industrial city of Punjab

Growth of population

Source :Master Plan2007-21, Ludhiana

Praying out loud

Festival with noise

Road traffic noise

Loudspeakers in public

Street music, noise & the city

RESEARCH PROBLEM The noisy environment in the modern cityscape is a growing problem

It is a serious threat to our health and impairs recreational possibilities.

City noise pollution in particular is a big environmental problem.

The dynamic sound perspectives in the urban environment, such as sonic diversity and acoustic ecology, are still very much neglected by in urban planners.

Therefore an urgent need for better, more understandable representation of the soundscape environment in urban area is required. I will focus on the urban soundscape and its applications in urban planning. INTRODUCTION TO STUDY AREA : LUDHIANA (ਲੁ ਧਿਆਨਾ) Ludhiana city lies within the Ludhiana district in the state of Punjab, and is the largest city in the province in terms of area and population.

Urbanization Most populated and very rapidly growing metropolitan city and its share has been highest in total urban population of the state.

Year

Urban Pop. (Punjab)

Urban Pop. (Ludhiana)

Pop. Of Ludhiana MC as % of urban Pop. of Punjab

1991

5993220

1042740

17.40

2001

8245566

1395053

16.92

2011 10,399,146 2,069,708 Source :Census of India,2 011

19.90

Total registered Vehicles ` Increasing Traffic Ludhiana has the highest number of personal vehicle on roads in the state.Making the city more exposed to traffic noise.

Year`

No. of vehicle(lakh)

2013

10.73

2016

12.89

2019

13.36

Increasing traffic noise Source:District Transport Office AIM The aim of thesis is to view sounds as potential resources in urban planning and in the design of outdoor environments . Planning could be developed and give way to conscious acoustic design and active sound management in order to produce the ‘‘right sound at the right place.’’ OBJECTIVES

Analyzing noise pollution levels in Ludhiana city and its impacts Official sources suggest that the city is spread over 159.37sq km and has a population of approximately 1.6 million people.

Framing suitable proposals and recommendations to reduce noise levels in the city.

The city is also a well-developed manufacturing and commercial hub in northern India LOCATION

Clock Tower , Ludhiana N

Punjab

Ludhiana

Punjab Location Map

SCOPE

Ludhiana Location Map

Ludhiana ਲੁ ਧਿਆਨਾ

Ludhiana City Map(Google Maps, 2020)

Ludhiana is located at 30.9 °N 75.85 °E. Ludhiana is 107 km west of the state capital, Chandigarh, on NH 95, and is centrally located on National Highway 44, which runs from New Delhi to Amritsar

Identifying the noisiest area of the city Designing urban soundscapes for selected residential areas in the city.

Identifying the socio-economic and health impact of nose Finding significance of the relationship between sound planning and urban planning, also give design planning and management solution these.

LIMITATION • Data collection will take place in 2nd week of February, as it is assumed depending upon the weather condition usage of parks and other public spaces in this month can vary for rest of the year therefore noise level can vary • Data collection for noise level during festivals will collected from Secondary source

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Name Surabhi Sharma Session 2019-2020 Roll no.2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Sheet no.

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Methodology Search Strategy Planning the Study

This stage in thesis help to clearly articulate the direction of thesis, it’s importance and need in society.

Identifying Needs for study (Research Problem)

Specifying Research Aim & Objectives

Pilot Study

Literature Review Literature review of academic literature focuses on a number of themes within the field of noise and soundscapes in urban area

Analysis

Proposal

Analysis with the help of questionnaire and noise measuring device articulate all the noise problems in the city.

Concept Related to noise Planning Soundscape phonic identity Type of urban sound Desired and Undesired Sound Noise pollution Acoustics Planning

Based upon the issue identified in the analysis stage solution proposal for the city area given.

Questionnaire Design

Planning Proposal

Data Collection Micro, meso and mcaro level data collectuion.

Design Proposal

Laws related to noise pollution in India Specifying Research Scope

Specifying Research Limitation

Status of noise pollution in India Case study national & international

Mapping and Documenting

Noise impact Analysis Based upon design planning and management problems.

Ludhiana City Profile

Management Proposal

Mapping and Documenting

Conclusion`

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Name Surabhi Sharma Sheet no. Session 2019-2020 Roll no. 2018SPB1811 2 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Literature Review

SOUNDSCAPE Soundscape is the subject of acoustic ecology and refers to both the natural acoustic environment consisting of natural sounds, including animal and sounds from trees, the sounds of water, weather, and environmental sounds created by humans through musical composition, sound design, and other human activities, including sounds of mechanical origin resulting from the use of industrial technology

(Soundscape approach)

DESIRED AND UNDESIRED SOUNDS

A number factors personal characteristics can affect soundscape experience in a particular, including noise sensitivity, cultural background, and long-term environmental experience. Below is a summary of research which gives an idea of the ideal soundscapes, as well as which individual sounds are preferred and which are not.

OBJECTIVES OF THE URBAN SOUNDSCAPE To provide the listener with a sense of place

To ﬁnd and protect quiet areas.

To promote well-being, comfort, communication, enjoyment, excitement, happiness, harmony, liveliness, naturalness, relaxation, and well-being

To improve tranquility in city

Study by Guastavino(2006) • Ideal soundscape in a similar manner to the ideal city –“warmhearted, lively, and peaceful, therefore noisy but enjoyable.” • Acoustic quality of the city does not depend on the absence of noise, but rather on the presence of quietness and liveliness

Szeremeta and Zannin (2009) • Number of studies show that ‘natural’ sounds were almost always deemed pleasant. • Human sounds were also often considered desirable • Preferred soundscapes by people are one that reflected life.

Yang and Kang (2005) Found that different age groups might prefer different Sounds Sounds perceived by different age groups, genders, or occupations, notice similar sounds but have differing preferences for them

Raimbault and Dubois (2012) Appropriateness of a soundscape, as the level of positivity a soundscape evokes can change over time to reflect the evolving needs and uses of a place.

THE PHONIC IDENTITY OF THE CITY Each city may have a rather unique acoustic proﬁle, the composition of speciﬁc natural sounds, signals and noise . Sounds are important for the intrinsic quality of a place. The quality of a soundscape is important for creating and preserving the identity of the city. The phonic identity of the city depends on the landscape’s acoustic characteristics, which are based on the shape, space, material, and furnishing.

TYPE OF URBAN SOUND Geophony

URBAN SOUND

Natural Sound Biophony

Human Sound

NOISE AND MUSIC In considering our acoustic environment, we must differentiate between these two terms noise and Music.

Sound generated from water, wind, rain, or other natural physical processes. Sound generated from nonhuman organisms.

Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time Biophony sound

Geophony sound

PARAMETERS Parameters to evaluate urban Soundscape of any city.

Residential Noise

Slums(crowd noise etc) and Housing(Bells,HVAC etc)

Transportation & Traffic Noise

Sound From Transportation Terminals ,Roadway traffic Sound , Rail traffic Sound and Air traffic Sound

Land use compatibility study

from Loudspeaker/Music, Street vendor loud music in restaurants etc.

Residential Noise

Commercial Noise Industrial Noise Institutional & Public buildings Noise Open Space Noise Miscellaneous Noise

Heavy Equipment industry Sound , Light Equipment industry Sound and Construction Sound Sound from Educational Facilities Sound from Religious Places and Sound from Medical Facilities Sound from Public Plazas and Sound from Parks

Transportation & Traffic Noise

URBAN SOUNDSCAPE PLANNING Urban soundscape process stages

Implementation steps

Identify the parties involved in the development process

Urban planners - Designers- Planning authority -Soundscape experts –Public

Identify a case study area

Document the sounds and the activities

Formulation of soundscape objectives

Shape the acoustic environment according to the use of the space

Analysis of existing soundscape

Questionnaire survey identify wanted and unwanted sound

Urban soundscape design

Planting- Materials- water structureNoise barriers

Acoustic assessment of planning scenarios

Ensuring the iconic sounds cannot mask by unwanted sources

Commercial Noise Industrial Noise Institutional & Public buildings Noise Open Space Noise

Festival Sound, Human Sound, Natural Sound and Sound from Family Celebrations

Noise when the effects of a sound are undesirable, it may be termed as a noise.

Miscellaneous Noise

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Source:Document by University of Groningen

Name : Surabhi Sharma Sheet no. Session 2019-2020 Roll no:2018SPB1811 3 Class : M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Literature Review

NOISE POLLUTION We often refer to noise as ‘unwanted sounds.’ There are three different types of noise Unwanted sound , Unmusical sound (deﬁned as non-periodic vibration) and Loud sound.

(Noise pollution)

NOISE MEASURING DEVICES Sound level meters

Noise dosimeter

Mobile App

Are the specialised type of sound level meter that is used to measure personal noise exposure levels.

SOURCES OF NOISE POLLUTION

Are typically bigger in size and are used to measure noise exposure in the workplace or in the environment.

They easy to use and can store noise data which further can be imprinted on map with help of GIS. Noise mapping of any city, place or location can be done very easily.

Poor urban planning give rise to noise pollution in urban area

EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION

Noise pollution Is generally defined as regular exposure to elevated sound levels that may lead to adverse effects in humans or other living organisms. According to the world health organization, sound levels less than 70 db are not damaging to living organisms, regardless of how long or consistent the exposure is. Exposure for more than 8 hours to constant noise beyond 85 db may be hazardous.

Residential sources Household sounds, from the television set to music playing on the stereo or computer, vacuum cleaners, fans and coolers, washing machines, dishwashers, lawnmowers etc. Transportation street traffic sounds from cars, buses, pedestrians, ambulances etc.airports, with constant elevated sounds from air traffic, i.e. planes taking off or landing train stations traffic Social Events events involving fireworks, firecrackers, loudspeakers etc

Leads to sleep disturbance

DECIBEL SCALE Sound intensity is measured in units called decibels (dB). An increase of 10 dB seems about twice as loud to your ears, but it’s actually 10 times more intense ,because people can’t hear all frequencies, or pitches of sound, we often use A-weighted decibels (dBA) to describe sound intensity based on what human ears can actually hear.

MODERATE LOUD VERY LOUD LOUD

EXTREMELY LOUD

On Animals • Noise pollution damages the nervous system of animal. • Increase the number of deaths. • Animal looses the control of it’s mind. • Creates problems in their use of sounds in reproduction and navigation.

On Environment • Noise also has detrimental effects on the growth of some plants. • Noise pollution causes poor quality of crops in pleasant atmosphere. • Our oceans are no longer quiet.

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC COSTS OF NOISE POLLUTION The World Health Organization estimates that one out of three people in India is harmed by traffic noise. More than the purely medical effects of noise pollution on the individual, there is a significant social and economic impact.

Commercial & Industrial Activities construction sounds like drilling or other heavy machinery in operation workplace sounds, often common in open-space offices constant loud music in or near commercial venues industrial sounds like fans, generators, compressor, mills

FAINT

On Humans subjected to it or not, noise pollution can be hazardous to our health in various ways. • Hypertension • Hearing loss • Sleep disturbances • Psychological dysfunctions • cardiovascular diseases.

Source:Central Pollution Control Board

affects the work performance

leads to hypertension and cardiovascular disease

costs the health system

Loss of time and money

CONTROL MEASURES City level control Measures • Ban industrial and noisy trades or works in residential areas • Flying of air crafts, below a definite altitude, near the cities should not be allowed • Fire works especially those of exploding nature should be discouraged • Environment courts should be established for control of noise pollution • Restrictions on the use of loud speaker. • Consequences of any violation in silence zone / area. • Noise Compatible Land Uses as Buffers • Orienting the residences away from the noise.

THRESHOLD OF PAIN

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

REASONS TO INCLUDE SOUNDSCAPES IN POLICY AND PLANNING Adopting a more holistic approach to planning and design would also allow for any soundscape-based interventions to take account of the potential impacts the intervention may have on other environmental aspects such as safety, air quality, and sustainability. Source:World Health Organization

Name Surabhi Sharma Sheet no. Session 2019-2020 Roll no. 2018SPB1811 4 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

ACOUSTICS

Literature Review

A science that deals with the production, control, transmission, reception, and effects of sound.

(Acoustics planning)

ACOUSTICAL PLANNING

HOW DO PLANTS REDUCE NOISE?

Proper acoustical planning eliminates many acoustical problems before they are built LOCATION SITE Take advantage of distance/barriers Match site to application or Match application to site

There are a number of ways plants can reduce noise. One way is through sound absorption. Plant parts such as stems, leaves, branches, wood, etc. Absorb sound. Rough bark and thick, fleshy leaves are particularly effective at absorbing sound due to their dynamic surface area.

PLANT FACTORS THAT AFFECT SOUND ABSORPTION • Number of plants (the more the better) • Size of the plants and trees • Surface area of the leaves and of the plants themselves

Factory: Close to RR/Hwy

Concert Hall: Use building as isolator Distance from noise Neem Tree

PLANNING Consider Acoustical sensitivity of Activities

Privacy with screen plants Using screen plants will not only absorb more noise , but will provide an attractive addition to the space.

Azadiracta indica Saraca indica

Vernacular name Neem Ashok

Ficus religiosa Mangifera indica Dalbergia sissoo

Peepul Mango Rosewood

Source:Punjab Pollution Control Board

Use large planters The bigger the plant the greater the surface area of the top dressing will be. Both soil and top dressing are great absorbers.

Plant placement In order to best reduce noise, plants should be placed around the perimeter of the space instead of at the center. This way, sound reflects off of the walls.

SOUND MASKING Sound masking is the addition of natural or artificial sound (commonly, though inaccurately, referred to as "white noise" or "pink noise") into an environment to cover-up unwanted sound by using auditory masking.

BASIC ACOUSTIC GOALS • • • •

Rosewood

Scientific name

HOW TO USE PLANTS TO REDUCE NOISE

Road

ORIENTATION

Ashok Tree Peepul

List of noise attenuating

Provide adequate isolation Provide appropriate acoustic environment Provide appropriate external function of space Integrate 1-3 amongst themselves and into comprehensive Urban planning Sound Proofing

ACOUSTICAL MATERIALS

Sound Absorbing

Sound Damping

Sound proofing

Sound absorbing

Sound damping

If the objective is to stop sound from entering or leaving a space, then you will most likely need sound blocking or soundproofing.

If the objective is to enhance the properties of sound by improving speech clarity and sound quality, then the answer is sound absorption or acoustic enhancement.

Sound damping materials lower structure-borne noise levels by reducing the resonant vibrational energy within metal, wood, glass, ceramic and surfaces.

Sound masking has been successfully installed for exterior applications, the most common target of concern being roadway noise .Example application a large artificial waterfall was constructed as part of the of Liebian Building in China. Example of masking with trees can be seen on city level in case of Chandigarh. Belt of local trees is given long the roads of Chandigar h.Reduce the traffic noise and make the city aesthetically beautiful

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Liebian Building in China (masking with Streetsacpe in city beautiful, water) Chandigarh

Name Surabhi Sharma Session 2019-2020 Roll no. Class M.Plan (Urban)

Sheet no.

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

NOISE POLLUTION IN INDIA Noise pollution is one of the major environmental concerns in India today and sadly many are unaware of the hazards. It is a daily dilemma to bear with the unnecessary havoc created by the blowing of horns on the roads, the madness created by the loudspeakers, the festive-time expression of happiness. It seems like people have a major perception about happiness can better be expressed by creating loud noises. NOISE POLLUTION IN URBAN INDIA The urban areas of India have become highly populated in past few decades. In the last decade, it rose by 31.8%. This has led to certain environmental and health issues that also include environmental pollution. Sadly enough, this issue is not taken that seriously infront of other forms of pollution – air pollution and water pollution. By International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, Noise pollution in various zones like commercial zone, silence zone and residential zones, of Morena districts in Madhya Pradesh. It was found that too much honking of horn, the heavy sounds created by the under-maintained vehicles were the major causes of noise pollution. Along with this, the encroachments and poor conditions of roads to added to the overall mess as they lead to traffic jams, thus causing more noise pollution

In Balasore, it was found that the noise created by the traffic was way more than the permissible range 70dBA. On finding out the noise created by individual vehicles, it was found that all of them created noise more than the allowed range.Highest noise levels during the day were recorded from silence zones including educational places, hospitals, religious spots.

. Silence zones As per the standards, the decibel level in silence zones should not exceed 50 dB during the day and 40 dB during the night. But, sound levels at the sites varied from 56 dB to even as high as 77 dB for the day time and from 51 dB to 75 dB for the night

(Noise pollution in india & acts and policies)

Germany: In Federal Republic of Germany and alternative developed countries as several as four to five million that's 1215% of all used individuals, area unit exposed to noise levels of 85dB or additional. In Germany, associate non heritable noiserelated disablement that leads to two hundredth or additional reduction in earning ability is compensatable. In 1993, nearly 12,500 new such cases of sound pollution were registered. .

STATUTORY CONTROL OF NOISE POLLUTION Appropriate to Life:- Article 21 of the Constitution ensures life and individual freedom to all people. It ensures a privilege of people to existence with human nobility. Any one who wishes to live in peace, solace and calm inside his home has a privilege to keep the commotion as poison contacting him.

Motor Vehicle Act. Arrangement Relation to utilization of horn and change of Engine:- In Motor vehicle Act rules in regards to utilize horns and any alteration in motor are made.

HOW SILENT ARE SILENCE ZONES IN INDIA?

In reality, the level reaches as high as 77 dB. During the day in cities

USA: In us of America twenty eight million Americans suffer from some form of deafness. because of advancement in technology the 2 largest sources of sound pollution, aerodrome and vehicular traffic, area unit growing at a rate of 3 to 5 % annually and there has been a 14 July increase in deafness since 1971.

Literature Review

Factories Act Reduction of Noise and Oil of Machinery : The Factories Act does not contain a particular arrangement for commotion control. Be that as it may, under the Schedule Sections 89 and 90 of the Act, noise incited hearing misfortune, is specified as notifiable illness. Likewise, under the Model Rules, limits for noise introduction for work zone territory have been recommended.

Another study was conducted to learn about the noise levels during Diwali festival in Delhi. It was found that the pollution levels rose to 80 dBA, which is 2 times more than the levels during normal days 57-69 Dba. Diwali firecrackers by Awaaz Foundation along with the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board following four consecutive years – 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013, the noise pollution reached to over 125dB.

Study monitored 17 silence zones in Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Hyderabad and Lucknow and found that none of them came anywhere near the national standard The situation in the residential areas is as bad as in ‘silence zones’. The day levels varied from 58 dB to 86 dB and the night levels from 52 dB to 81 dB, way off the standard levels of 55 dB and 45 dB respectively. The story was similar in the commercial centers. The study covered 25 of them. The sound levels during the day varied from 59.2 dB to 79.7 dB and from 57 dB to 79 dB at night, which is beyond the standards: 65 dB and 55 dB respectively.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

AMBIENT NOISE STANDARDS Permissible Limit for noise intensity(dB) Type of area Day (7am4pm)

Night Evening (10pm(4-10pm) 7am)

Residential

Commercial

Public 55 /Semi-public

Open Spaces 45

Industrial

Transportati 70 on & Traffic

Source:Environment Protection Act 1996

Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above mentioned categories by the competent authority

Noise Pollution Control Rule 2000 under Environment Protection Act 1996 : Encourage for better direction for commotion contamination There are The Noise Pollution ( Regulation and Control ) Rules, 2000 with a specific end goal to check the developing issue of noise contamination the administration of India has sanctioned the noise contamination decides 2000 that incorporates the accompanying principle arrangements PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF NOISE POLLUTION Do's

Don'ts

Always maintain your motor vehicle and its exhaust silencer in Avoid using horns except at emergencies proper condition volume of the loudspeaker or amplification system low so as not Avoid use of loudspeaker in the open to annoy neighbors. Ensure that the sound from your music system is played at Do not use loudspeaker or any sound amplification system volume which does not disturb your neighbor. between 10:00 P.M. and 6:00 A.M., except in closed premises Purchase only those fire-crackers that comply the noise standards Do not play fire-crackers between 10:00 P.M. to 6:00 A.M. as provided by the Govt. of India regulation GSR 682(E), dated October 5, 1999. Ask for copy of valid type approval certificate from the dealer while purchasing portable petrol/kerosene generator sets

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Do not install Diesel Generator Sets without prior approval of the competent authority, if required by local laws Source:Punjab Pollution Control Board

Name Surabhi Sharma Sheet no. Session 2019-2020 Roll no. 2018SPB1811 6 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

CASE STUDY 1 : Historic, Solution for Traffic noise Reduction in Alverna

Literature Review

It concerns a traffic route which runs through the village of Alverna, in the Dutch province of Gelderland. Due to significant growth the traffic volume has increased significantly in recent decades .The provincial authority realized that a solution must be found. The original plan of erecting a four meter high noise barrier was dismissed by the residents.

(Case study)

Old situation

SOLUTION

The proposed 4 m high barriers – rejected in 2004

CASE STUDY 2 :Ypenburg– Plan District 20 This case concerns a neighborhood in the Hague with extensive residential development in recent years. The area is located near the intersection of two main highways and the maximum permissible noise levels are regularly exceeded. To ensure that development plans can go ahead, efforts are being made to improve acoustic quality .During a participative process, various stakeholders were invited to devise a package of measures. Soundscaping plays a prominent part in their proposals. Some measures are intended to reduce traffic noise from a nearby trunk road, Ypenburgse Boslaan. :

SOLUTION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Reduce the number of lanes of traffic Partly sunken road :the road surface has been lowered by fifty centimeters . Noise barriers of just one meter in height have been installed along both sides of the road. The sound barriers have a stone-like surface, a reminder of the Roman road that once traversed the region Low-level sound barriers lesser impact on the appearance and aesthetic quality of the village. Much new greenery has been planted. The speed limit has been reduced from 80 to 50 km/h. This reduces both noise levels and emissions. New and enhanced cycle routes link neighboring countryside with the village and beyond

The final design of the Graafseweg is the result of a carefully coordinated, interactive process between the province, the municipality and the residents and businesses of Alverna

• • • •

‘Rustling’ greenery such as reeds, willows and poplars to mask traffic noise. Greenery which will attract birds. Birdsong will add a positive element to the overall soundscape. An urban farm, which will not only add animal noises to the mix but will encourage citizen participation. A ‘soft’ design for the public areas, using acoustically friendly materials and perhaps including an orchard as a ‘quiet area’. • Areas likely to account for noise, such as children’s playgrounds, will be strategically sited. • A miniature ‘green belt’ encircling Plan District 20, with bat-friendly lighting • Additional measures include sound insulation of individual homes

Alverna, an attractive place to live

CASE STUDY 3 :SOUNDSCAPE OF BALASORE CITY , ORISSA In Balasore, it was found that the noise created by the traffic was way more than the permissible range 70dBA. On finding out the noise created by individual vehicles, it was found that all of them created noise more than the allowed range.Highest noise levels during the day were recorded from silence zones including educational places, hospitals, religious spots. SOLUTION • Land use planners should consider noise impacts in selecting location and design of development. • Trees with dense foliage (rich canopy) were found to be highly effective in absorbing the noise and bringing down the noise level. • Double glazing the windows of homes facing the road. • Launching programmers to monitor and control noisy vehicles on the roads. • Restricting trucks movement within the city. • Raising public awareness about the effect of noise pollution

The new Graafseweg from the driver’s perspective Construction of sound barriers

Low-level sound barriers have a stone-like surface, a reminder of the Roman road that once Residents, pedestrians enjoy a quieter greener surrounds

The project was received well by the residents and in 2011, the project won the European Soundscape Award, an international prize presented by the European Environment Agency.

Map of Balasore showing 25 noise monitoring sites.

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Source:Document by University of Groningen

Name Surabhi Sharma Sheet no. Session 2019-2020 Roll no. 2018SPB1811 7 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Landuse and Noise Analysis

Landuse Distribution

12%

Inset

9% 41%

24%

Punjab District Map

9% 5%

Ludhiana City Map

Legend

Deatil detailed land use distribution Percentage Landuse share Residential 41.51 Public /Semi-public 8.93 Commercial 5.06 Industrial 23.62 Transportation 9.08 Others 11.8

Roads(Major)

Residential

Roads( Minor)

Commercial

Railway Line

Public/ Semi-Public

MC Boundary

Industrial

Agriculture

Parks

Canal

Mix Landuse

Budha Nalah

Critical Zone(Day) Critical Zone(Evening) Critical Zone(Night)

Observation

Average Day Average Evening Average Night

Comparing the noise level of various landuse

CPCB Reading Standard value(CPCB)

120

Ludhiana cityscape 100

Noise level in Ludhiana city during Noise Level(dB)

Average Day

Average Evening

Average Night

CPCB Reading Average Standard (Average Value) Value

Residential area

67.5

77.3

56.7

64.7

Commercial area

86.6

92.6

81.3

80.1

Public /Semi-public area

61.3

70.2

52.1

54.1

Open Spaces

45.6

49.5

39.7

49.3

Industrial area

103.1

106.4

99.2

101.6

Transportation & Traffic

107.5

111.1

103.4

105.3

Decibel

Type of Landuse

• Highest noise level is experienced by Ludhiana among all the cities of Punjab. according Punjab pollution control boards. • Ludhiana is the largest industrial city in the Punjab. Making the city more vulnerable to industrial noise pollution’ • Most populated and very rapidly growing metropolitan city and its share has been highest in total urban population of the state. • Ludhiana has the highest number of personal vehicle on roads in the state.Making the city more exposed to traffic noise.

60 40 20 0 Residential area

Commercial area

Public /Semipublic area

Open Spaces

Industrial area Transportation & Traffic

Landuse

R.F: 1:40,000

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

N Name Surabhi Sharma Map no. Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Noise Contours Day(7am-4pm) Inset

Zone-1The area experience high level of noise throughout the day under the influence of Ludhiana bypass. Along the road several residential actives are coming up which are just adding up to the chaos.

Zone-3 Highest level of noise recorded in south east region of the city majorly consist of industrial area, airport and two major roads and railway line connecting city to Chandigarh and Ambala.

Ludhiana City Map

Legend 80.0 or above

Punjab District Map

75.0 to 79.9 70.0 to 74.9 65.0 to 69.9

60.0 to 64.9 55.0 to 59.0 50.0 to 54.9

Zone-2 The area is located in the heart of the city and represents the old Ludhiana with narrow street and mix landuse activities .

Less than 50.0 Critical Area

Observation

Standard value(CPCB) Average value During day Zone-5 The area is consist of Punjab Agricultural University which generate short term noise pollution during peak hours.

Zone-6 Cause of noise pollution in this area is railway line and road connecting the city to Jalandhar.

Zone-4 The major cause of noise pollution in this area is it’s incompatibility landuse. Residential activities are mixed with major roads and railway line without any noise barrier.

CPCB Reading

Comparing the noise level of various landuse 120

Noise level in Ludhiana city during Day(7am-4pm)

100

Noise Level(dB) Maximum

Minimum

Average Value

CPCB Reading (Average Value)

Standard Value (Day)

Residential area

66.1

55.3

60.7

57.2

Commercial area

65.4

54.8

60.1

65.8

Public /Semi-public area

74.2

48.1

61.15

63.3

Open Spaces

44.8

35.3

40.5

49.8

Industrial area

106.4

88.2

97.6

88.6

Transportation & Traffic

108.1

94.2

101.3

98.4

Decibel

Type of Landuse

60 40 20 0 Residential

Commercial

Public /Semipublic

Open Spaces

Industrial

Transportation & Traffic

• Ludhiana city suffer from the immense amount of noise pollution during the day. • 6 zones within the city are demarcated, which are major cause or are under the influence of high noise level in the city • Highest level of noise recorded in south east region of the city majorly consist of industrial area, upcoming airport and two major roads connecting city to Chandigarh and Ambala • In all landuse activities it was observed that the level of noise were higher than the permissible limits. • Major cause of noise pollution during day time are Transportation & Traffic and industrial activates followed by commercial activities and public and semi-public areas(including schools , colleges and bus stand and railway station ). • Lack of compatibility in landuse and mix of planned and unplanned areas in core of the city adds to noise pollution during the day. • 44.67% of population is exposed to high noise level during the day.

Landuse

R.F: 1:40,000

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

N Name Surabhi Sharma Map no. Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Noise Contours Evening(4pm-10pm) Inset

Zone-2 The zone is the area with all the major industrial activities surrounded by major roads and the railway line. Therefore the major source of noise pollution is noise from heavy machinery used in the industry and noise from the vehicle on the road.

Zone-4 Cause of noise pollution in this area is railway line and road connecting the city to Jalandhar major traffic congestion is experienced by this zone during this time.

Punjab District Map

Ludhiana City Map

Legend 80.0 or above

75.0 to 79.9 70.0 to 74.9

65.0 to 69.9 60.0 to 64.9 55.0 to 59.0

Zone-5 The area experience a high level of noise pollution during this time, under the influence of Ludhiana bypass which experience major long term traffic jam.

50.0 to 54.9 Less than 50.0 Critical Area

Observation

Standard value(CPCB) Average value During day Zone-1Narrow streets, incompatible land use with traffic congestion added up with old construction and poor management makes the area perfect to generate noise pollution for It's surrounding..

CPCB Reading

Zone-3 The cause of noise pollution in the zone is not only because of the railway and on-road traffic but also because of the presence of all the major malls of Ludhiana along the road

Comparing the noise level of various landuse 120

Noise level in Ludhiana city during Evening (4pm-10pm) Noise Level(dB) Maximum

Minimum Average Value

CPCB Reading (Average Value)

Standard Value (Evening)

Residential area

77.3

56.7

67.5

64.7

Commercial area

92.6

81.3

86.6

80.1

Public /Semi-public area

70.2

52.1

61.3

54.1

Open Spaces

49.5

39.7

45.6

49.3

Industrial area

106.4

99.2

103.1

101.6

Transportation & Traffic

111.1

103.4

107.5

105.3

80 Decibel

Type of Landuse

100

60 40 20 0 Residential

Commercial

Public /Semipublic

Open Spaces

Landuse

Industrial

Transportation & Traffic

• Ludhiana city suffer from maximum amount of noise pollution during this time . • Number noise generating zones are less during evening hours but they generate the maximum amount of noise in this period. • 5 zones within the city are demarcated which are major cause or are under the influence of high noise level in the city • Highest level of noise recorded in the south-east region of the city majorly consist of industrial area, airport and two major roads connecting the city to Chandigarh and Ambala and in the core of the city where old Ludhiana is located. • All Urban landuse activities experience higher level of noise pollution • Major cause of noise pollution during evening time are Transportation & Traffic and industrial activates followed by commercial activities. • Sudden drop in noise level of public and semipublic area is seen. • Major traffic congestions are seen during this time • 41.59% of population is exposed to high noise level.

R.F: 1:40,000

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

N Name Surabhi Sharma Map no. Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Noise Contours Night(10pm-7am) Inset

Zone-1 The area experience noise pollution even during the night. Major source of noise pollution is transportation. The major traffic is coming from Chandigarh, Jalandhar and Delhi which are major routes to goods movement during night.

Zone-2 The zone is the area with all the major industrial activities and major transport roads and railway line which is active even during the night, therefore, area experience mild noise pollution during the night.

Ludhiana City Map

Legend 80.0 or above 75.0 to 79.9

Punjab District Map

70.0 to 74.9 65.0 to 69.9 60.0 to 64.9 55.0 to 59.0

Zone-3 The area experience mild noise level during night bcoze of transportation and night commercial activities.

50.0 to 54.9 Less than 50.0 Critical Area

Observation

Standard value(CPCB) Average value During day Zone-4 Ludhiana Junction is located in about the center of the city and is among the most busiest railway stations. Therefore creates continuous buzz during the night. Railway station and roads are also used to transport industrial goods during night therefore creating noise pollution

Noise level in Ludhiana city during Night(10pm-7am)

Comparing the noise level of various landuse

Noise Level(dB) Maximum

Minimum Average Value

CPCB Reading (Average Value)

Standard Value (Night)

Decibel

Type of Landuse

CPCB Reading

50 40

Residential area

52.4

49.3

51.7

52.4

Commercial area

56.1

51.3

53.9

56.3

Public /Semi-public area

41.1

35.7

38.6

43.8

Open Spaces

36.4

32.5

34.9

38.1

Industrial area

83.4

77.7

81.4

77.5

Transportation & Traffic

86.1

81.2

83.8

85.3

10 0 Residential

Commercial

Public /Semipublic

Open Spaces

Landuse

Industrial

Transportation & Traffic

• Noise level reduce during night in the city boundary • The major source of noise during night is transportation and industrial activities • Some heavy industries are active even during the night increasing the noise level for it’s surroundings • Some commercial activities are also active during night but are not contributing to the major noise level. • Ludhiana Junction is located in the centre of the city and is among the most busiest railway stations. Therefore creates continuous buzz during the night. Railway station and raods are also used to transport industrial goods during night therefore creating noise pollution for the city. • Some residential area along the major roads and railway line experience high noise level because of night transport activities of the city. • All the other land use activates such as residential and public/semi-public and open spaces have no contribution to noise pollution during night. • 25.06% of population is exposed to high noise level.

R.F: 1:40,000

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

N Name Surabhi Sharma Map no. Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Noise Contours Festivals Inset

No zones are demarcated on the map to identify the area with great noise level because noise pollution is experienced by the whole city. sudden rise in residential and commercial noise are seen during festivals and effecting major percentage of population in the city..

According to the data collected by Marriage Halls in Ludhiana maximum amount of social gathers are take place in November –December and mid Januarymid March which add up to the total noise pollution of the city.

Punjab District Map

Ludhiana City Map

Legend 80.0 or above 75.0 to 79.9 70.0 to 74.9 65.0 to 69.9 60.0 to 64.9 55.0 to 59.0

During festivals religious places are always crowded with people and with fast and slow moving traffic. Source of noise during festivals are loud speaks firecrackers and social gatherings.

50.0 to 54.9 Less than 50.0 Critical Area

Observation

Standard value(CPCB)

Night

Day

Comparing the noise level of various landuse

Diwali, Gurpurab and Lohri are most noise generating festivals of Punjab by Central Pollution Control Board. Long term noise are created by the above mentioned festivals,

120

Noise level in Ludhiana city during Festival Type of Landuse

Evening

100

Noise Level(dB) 80

Standard Value (Festival)

Residential area

71.7

77.3

56.7

Commercial area

82.1

92.6

81.3

Public /Semi-public area

66.4

70.2

52.1

Open Spaces

44.2

49.5

39.7

Industrial area

102.6

106.4

99.2

Transportation & Traffic

110.3

111.1

103.4

Decibel

CPCB Reading CPCB Reading CPCB Reading (Average Value)-Day (Average Value)-Evening (Average Value)-Night

0 Residential

Commercial

Public /Semipublic

Open Spaces

Landuse

Industrial

Transportation & Traffic

• City core experience maximum amount of noise level during festivals. • Diwali, Gurpurab and Lohri are most noise generating festivals of Punjab by Central Pollution Control Board. • Major cause of noise pollution during festivals time are commercial activities , Transportation & Traffic and industrial activates . • Source of noise during festivals are loud speaks firecrackers and social gatherings. • During festivals religious places are always crowded with people with fast and slow moving traffic. • Long term noise are created by human activities during festivals. • Sudden rise in residential and commercial noise are seen during festivals. • Noise created by festivals activates industrial and vehicle noise add to the over all noise pollution of the city • According to the data collected by Marriage Halls in Ludhiana maximum amount of social gathers are take place in November –December and mid January-mid March

R.F: 1:40,000

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

N Name Surabhi Sharma Map no. Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Landuse Map with noise Afflicter Zones (Not to scale)

Roads

Railway Line

Ward under high Noise Level

Residential

Ward No Ward No 01 Ward No 02 Ward No 03 Ward No 04 Ward No 05 Ward No 07 Ward No 08 Ward No 11 Ward No 13 Ward No 14 Ward No 15 Ward No 16 Ward No 17 Ward No 18 Ward No 19 Ward No 20 Ward No 21 Ward No 22 Ward No 23 Ward No 24 Ward No 28 Ward No 29 Ward No 32 Ward No 33 Ward No 34 Ward No 36 Ward No 37 Ward No 38 Ward No 39 Ward No 40 Ward No 41 Ward No 42 Ward No 43 Ward No 44 Ward No 45 Ward No 46 Ward No 47 Ward No 48 Ward No 50 Ward No 51 Ward No 52 Ward No 53 Ward No 55 Ward No 66 Ward No 67 Ward No 68 Ward No 71

Commercial Public/Semi-Public Industrial Parks & Open Spaces Agriculture

Ward Map with noise Afflicter Zones (Not to scale)

Affected Population

Minor Roads

Population Effected Percentage Effected Population Nature of Landuse Residential and Chandigarh –Ludhiana bypass 25,335 6 1520.1 Residential and Chandigarh –Ludhiana bypass 30,010 4 1200.4 Residential and Chandigarh –Ludhiana bypass 16,631 4 665.24 Residential and Chandigarh –Ludhiana bypass 18,953 3 568.59 Residential and Chandigarh –Ludhiana bypass 17,254 5 862.7 Residential and Chandigarh –Ludhiana bypass 58,519 4 2340.76 Residential and Chandigarh Rd 46,142 41 18918.22 Industrial and Chandigarh Rd 22,000 62 13640 Industrial, Delhi Railway Corridor and Delhi Rd 18,740 96 17990.4 Residential, Delhi Railway Corridor, Delhi Rd and Chandigarh Rd 47,072 100 47072 Residential, Industrial, Delhi Railway Corridor and Delhi Rd 24,602 100 24602 Industrial, Ludhiana bypass, Delhi Railway Corridor and Delhi Rd 17,499 100 17499 Residential and Chandigarh –Ludhiana bypass 10,353 34 3520.02 Residential and Chandigarh –Ludhiana bypass 12,360 9 1112.4 Commercial, Public/Semi-Public and Residential 16,814 87 14628.18 Commercial, Public/Semi-Public and Residential 12,057 71 8560.47 Residential and Chandigarh –Ludhiana bypass 15,619 11 1718.09 Residential and Chandigarh –Ludhiana bypass 16,648 12 1997.76 Residential and Chandigarh –Ludhiana bypass 12,541 14 1755.74 Residential, Jalandhar Railway Corridor and Jalandhar –Ludhiana bypass 17,458 68 11871.44 Public/Semi-Public and Residential 25,478 32 8152.96 Public/Semi-Public, Jalandhar Railway Corridor and Residential 13,023 34 4427.82 Jalandhar Rd., Jalandhar Railway Corridor and Residential 12,581 10 1258.1 Jalandhar Railway Corridor and Residential 15,339 11 16,87.29 Commercial, Public/Semi-Public and Residential 11,420 100 11420 Commercial, Public/Semi-Public and Residential 8,441 100 8441 Commercial, Public/Semi-Public and Residential 13,804 84 11595.36 Commercial, Public/Semi-Public and Residential 12,446 100 12446 Residential and Delhi–Ludhiana bypass 17,434 100 17434 Public/Semi-Public and Residential 15,120 100 15120 Commercial, Public/Semi-Public, Residential and Ludhiana Railway J 17,055 100 17055 Commercial and Ludhiana Railway J. 17,238 100 17238 Commercial, industrial, Delhi Railway Corridor and Delhi Rd 18,520 100 18520 Residential, Gill Rd and Railway Corridor 13,624 80 10899.2 Commercial, Public/Semi-Public, Residential and Railway Corridor 18,785 100 18785 Residential and Ludhiana bypass 19,767 100 19767 Residential and Railway Corridor 22,605 66 14919.3 Commercial, Public/Semi-Public, Residential and Ferozepur - Ldh Rd 15,526 26 4036.76 Public/Semi-Public, Ludhiana Railway J and Residential 18,290 34 6218.6 Public/Semi-Public, Railway Corridor, Residential and Mall Rd 13,091 12 1570.92 Public/Semi-Public, Residential and Ferozepur - Ldh Rd 6,626 11 728.86 Public/Semi-Public and Residential 17,115 6 1026.9 Public/Semi-Public 24,389 3 731.67 Residential and Railway Corridor 25,653 74 18983.22 Public/Semi-Public, Commerical Residential and Railway Corridor 17,708 78 13812.24 Commercial, Residential Delhi Railway Corridor and Delhi Rd 13,646 92 12554.32 Residential, Industrial, Delhi Railway Corridor and Delhi Rd 23,778 72 17120.16 9,77,189 575048

• 47 Wards out of 75 are under influence of high noise level in the city. • With effected population of 575048 making 58.82percent of total population of the city. • The percentage understand effected percentage of ward depend upon nature of landuse noise level

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

Name Surabhi Sharma Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Sheet no.

Ward Ranking Inset

Punjab District Map

Ludhiana City Map

Legend Roads 85-above dB 55-85dB 45-55dB

Observation • •Group-A: All the wards under group-A are located along the Periphery of the city therefore does not experience noise pollution. Some of the wards in group-A is also located close to central city area but do not experience noise pollution because of planned development. • Group-B: Noise level in this group highly depend upon time, day and month of the year. The huge variation is seen in noise level of this group because of dynamic phonic identity of the city. Example during weekend and festivals noise level rise up to 10-15Db in these wards. • Group-C: This group is major noise afflicter zones of the city. Facts influencing the noise levels in the wards are area unplanned area, area with industrial activities, poor management of traffic and lack of open spaces and green cover.

Wards category based upon Noise Level Ward No. Group-A(45-55dB)

75, 73, 72, 70, 69, 65, 64, 63, 62, 61,60, 59,58,57,56,54,49,35,31,30,27,26,25,12,10,9 and 6

Group-B(55-85dB)

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 32, 33, 48, 50, 52, 53 and 55

Group-C(85-above dB)

8, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16,19, 20, 24, 28,29, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 51, 66, 67, 68 and 71

R.F: 1:40,000

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

N Name Surabhi Sharma Map no. Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Macro Analysis-Problems TIME

NATURE OF LANDUSE

LOCATION

WARD NO

PLANNING

MANAGEMENT

Unplanned street distribution in city Street web in the inner or core city is more dense and unplanned and the density of street decrease as we more city periphery Poor traffic management • No segregation of traffic on main roads • Lack of lanes on the road • No separate path for pedestrian traffic. • Giving rise to congestion and traffic jams • Unplanned traffic volume in on the major road of the city. Urban density The population density of the city is 978 people per sq.Km which very high, making the noise management of the city difficult. Urban morphology • City is a mix of planned and unplanned development with 209 slums and old unplanned ludhina in the core . Narrow streets, incompatible land use with traffic congestion added up with old construction and poor management makes the area perfect to generate noise pollution for It's surrounding. No special rules and regulations for silent zone of the such as schools , college and hospitals. No demarcation of silent zones in the city. Incompatible Landuse in the city. • Industrial area activities in residential area • Residential area along the railway line • Residential area along the major highways. • Lack of buffer between industrial area and other landuse • No noise barrier along the railway line and major roads of the city. Illegal change of landuse in the core of the city .residential area are converted to commercial activities or mixed used activities. Lack and uneven distribution of green open spaces No control on the use loudspeaker No health planning for poor by the government Absence of landscaping long the road the roads. No segregation of pedestrian traffic from vehicular traffic. In the city core creating more congestion

• Traffic management is inadequate for smooth flow of vehicles in the city. • Many intersections have no signals and those present are in nonfunctional state. • No separate routes for industrial good transport. • People don’t follow traffic rules and give rise to traffic congestion and situation of extra honking. • Thus, manual efforts by traffic police is the only source of movement control of the vehicles. • This mostly gives rise to frequent congestions and high noise pollution. • Lack of regular maintenance of vehicle making the vehicles noisy. • Lack of maintenance of roads and its infrastructure. • No special regulations for silent zones and poor management of traffic around them. • During night all the vehicles including the heavy ones have to pass through the narrow inner town roads. The plying of the heavy-diesel powered trucks and carrier vehicles causes severe degradation of the road’s edges and pavements and generates the most noise. • Lack of efforts in awareness about noise pollution. • Poor implementation of architecture control on buildings in the core of the city. • No actions are taken on Illegal change of landuse in the core of the city .residential area are converted to commercial activities or mixed used activities • No regular maintenance of public buildings. • Absence of landscaping and poor maintenance of open green spaces in the city. • Railway corridor are not maintained properly in the city. • No segregation of industrial area from residential area is done in the south east region of the city. • No control on the use of loudspeaker in religious places. • No special management strategy for management of festival noise pollution. • No government bylaws to control noise pollution from industries. • No check on the maintenance of buildings and machines. • No control on honking and speed limit.

Day Zone-1

• Transportation • Industrial activities • Residential activities

23, 22, 21, 18, 5,3 ,4,2 ,1 ,7 ,24 ,17 and 18 Guru Arjan Dev Nagar, New Shiv, Puri Shivajinagar, Sunder Nagar, Ludhiana Bypass, Gagandeep Colony, New Subhash Nagar and Lajpat Nagar

Zone-2

• • • •

Commercial activities Transportation Industrial activities Public/Semi-public activities

Clock Tower, Sadar Bazar, Ludhiana Junction, Krishna Mandir, Civil Lines, Chaura Bazar, Gur Mandi, Gurudwara Nanaksar Sahib, Vishwakarma Chowk and Sita Nagar

Zone-3

• Transportation • Industrial activities • Public /Semi-public activities

Ludhiana-Chandigarh state highway, Jammu-Delhi Rd, Ludhiana airport, Focal point (Phase V, Phase IV-A, Phase-VIII and Phase IV) and Dhandari Kalan

Zone-4

• • • •

Commercial activities Transportation Residential activities Public /Semi-public activities

Dugri Urban Estate Phase 1, Vishal Nagar, Guru Gian Vihar, Bhai Randhir Singh Nagar, Model Town Extension, Sarabha Nagar, Preet Nagar, Leisure Valley and Near Dugri Bridge

Zone-5

• • • •

Commercial activities Transportation Residential activities Public /Semi-public activities

Zone-6

• • • •

Commercial activities Transportation Residential activities Public /Semi-public activities

• • • •

Commercial activities Transportation Industrial activities Public/Semi-public activities

50, 35, 36, 38, 42, 43 and 41

Punjab Agricultural University, Aggar Nagar, Bhai Randhir Singh Nagar, Rose Garden, Grand Walk Mall Ludhiana, Rajguru Nagar, Wave Mall Ludhiana, glada Office and Maya Nagar

13, 15, 11, 71, 16, 14,9 and 12

44, 66, 46,47 and 45

55, 52 and 53

31,32 and 24 Aman Nagar, Navneet Nagar, Sarop Nagar and Saroop Nagar

Evening

Zone-1

50, 35, 36, 38, 42, 43 and 41 Clock Tower, Sadar Bazar, Ludhiana Junction, Krishna Mandir, Civil Lines, Chaura Bazar, Gur Mandi, Gurudwara Nanaksar Sahib, Vishwakarma Chowk and Sita Nagar

• Transportation • Industrial activities • Public /Semi-public activities

Ludhiana-Chandigarh state highway, Jammu-Delhi Rd, Ludhiana airport, Focal point (Phase V, Phase 13, 15, 11, 71, 16, 14,9 and 12 IV-A, Phase-VIII and Phase IV) and Dhandari Kalan

Zone-3

• • • •

Commercial activities Transportation Residential activities Public /Semi-public activities

Dugri Urban Estate Phase 1, Vishal Nagar, Guru Gian Vihar, Bhai Randhir Singh Nagar, Model Town Extension, Sarabha Nagar, Preet Nagar, Leisure Valley, Punjab Agricultural University, Aggar Nagar, Bhai Randhir Singh Nagar, Rose Garden, Grand Walk Mall Ludhiana, Rajguru Nagar, Wave Mall Ludhiana, glada Office and Maya Nagar and Near Dugri Bridge

Zone-4

• • • • •

Commercial activities Transportation Industrial activities Residential activities Public /Semi-public activities

Zone-5

• Transportation • Industrial activities • Residential activities

Guru Arjan Dev Nagar, New Shiv, Puri Shivajinagar, Sunder Nagar, Ludhiana Bypass, Gagandeep Colony, New Subhash Nagar and Lajpat Nagar

Zone-1

• Transportation • Industrial activities

Guru Arjan Dev Nagar, New Shiv, Puri Shivajinagar, Sunder Nagar, Ludhiana Bypass, Gagandeep Colony, New Subhash Nagar and Lajpat Nagar

5, 18, 17 and 8

Zone-2

• Transportation • Industrial activities

Ludhiana-Chandigarh state highway, Jammu-Delhi Rd, Ludhiana airport, Focal point (Phase V, Phase IV-A, Phase-VIII and Phase IV) and Dhandari Kalan

16,39, 40, 14, 8 and 15

Dugri Urban Estate Phase 1, Vishal Nagar, Guru Gian Vihar, Bhai Randhir Singh Nagar, Model Town Extension, Sarabha Nagar, Preet Nagar, Leisure Valley and Near Dugri Bridge

48,49, 50, 47 and 45

Zone-3

• Transportation • Industrial activities

Zone-4

• Transportation • Industrial activities • Commercial activities

Ludhiana-Chandigarh state highway, Jammu-Delhi Rd, Ludhiana airport, Focal point (Phase V, Phase IV-A, Phase-VIII and Phase IV) and Dhandari Kalan

Zone-2

44, 66, 46,47 and 45

31,32 and 24 Aman Nagar, Navneet Nagar, Sarop Nagar and Saroop Nagar

23, 22, 21, 18, 5,3 ,4,2 ,1 ,7 ,24 ,17 and 18

Night

13, 15, 11, 71, 16, 14,9 and 12

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

Name Surabhi Sharma Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Sheet no.

Survey Location

Residential Landuse of Ludhiana city covers 41.51% of the total area of the city. Therefore residential area has major contribution to the total noise pollution of the city. In order to study the noise pollution created by residential activates and impact of the noise on residential activities, a study of noise levels in different residential areas of Ludhiana city has been conducted. Noise level study is conducted with help of noise dosimeter. Minimum, maximum noise levels between three time slots ,have been computed to understand the noise pattern in residential areas.

Residential Noise

New Kartar Nagar Model Town Extension Sherpur

Inset

Moti Nagar Heera Nagar

Amarpura

New Shiv Puri

Heera Nagar New Shiv Puri

Zone-1. The area experience a high level of noise throughout the day under the influence of Ludhiana bypass.

Punjab District Map

Ludhiana City Map

Legend Roads Amarpura

Residential area Moti Nagar

Critical Area

Survey Location Sherpur

Model Town Extension

Zone-2 The major cause of noise pollution in this area is it’s incompatibility landuse. Residential activities are placed along with major roads and railway line without any noise barrier.

New Kartar Nagar

Zone-4

Location

Zone-3

Standard Value Noise annoyance from various sound sources

Zone-2

Night Zone-1

Zone-1

Evening

Day

Zone-2

Zone-3

Zone-4 The primary source noise pollution created by residential area are human sound (due to high urban density of the city), noise from HVAC , home appliance and electric generator

Noise level in Residential area Noise Level(dB) Zone

Day (7am-4pm)

Evening (4pm-10pm)

Zone-1

59.2

73.5

Zone-2

56.1

67.3

Night Standard (10pm-7am) Value 51.6 48.7

45-50

Percentage

Decibel 20 15 10 5

45-50

Zone-3

61.3

74.3

52.1

45-50

Zone-4

62.8

76.8

52.9

45-50

0 Human sound

Generator

HVAC

Home Appliance

Industrial Train sound 4- Wheeler 2- Wheeler sound

Sound Source

Highest level of noise is recorded in the zone 4 because of industrial area, upcoming airport and two major roads and railway line connecting the city from Delhi and Chandigarh

Observation • Majority of residential area of the city are arranged long the major roads, railway corridor and industrial area. • Noise pollution is not primarily created by residential activity but under the influence urbanization, high traffic, and industrialization in the city they become the victim of the noise pollution • Economic disparity can be observed in the arranging of residential area of various income groups. • City is divide into the 4 Phase based upon residential activities • Phase1: Housing for middle income group • Phase 2: housing foe EWS and slums • Phase 3:the phase is divided by railway line part A is housing for EWS and slims and part HIG houses. • Phase 4:Housing type is MIG and HIG. • The industrial area of the city is located in phase 2 • Therefore conclusion can be drawn that slum in Ludhiana city or residential area for the lowerincome group are located close to the railway line, Industrial area and Major roads of the city which are more vulnerable to noise pollution. • Despite the poor housing conditions the city has been considered as a favorable destination for the small scale industries. In the residential area causing noise pollution at community level. • The city has been considered as one of the favorable destination due to its high rental value.

R.F: 1:46,000

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

N Name Surabhi Sharma Map no. Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Commercial Landuse of Ludhiana city covers 5.06 % of the total area of the city. Therefore commercial activities has direct and indirect contribution to the total noise pollution of the city. In order to study the noise pollution created by commercial activates a study of noise levels in different commercial areas of Ludhiana city has been conducted. Noise level study is conducted with help of noise dosimeter. Minimum, maximum noise levels between three time slots ,have been computed to understand the noise pattern in commercial area.

Survey Location

Commercial Noise

Ghumar Mandi Jagraon Bridge Chaura Bazar

Inset

Vishwakarma Chowk Gill Road

Zone-3 The flow of population from surrounding cities give rise to traffic on roads, due to poor traffic management, city experience immense amount of noise pollution.

Ludhiana City Map

Legend

Chaura Bazar

Roads

Jagraon Bridge

Punjab District Map

Commercial area

Ghumar Mandi Vishwakarma Chowk

Critical Area

Gill Road

Survey Location

Observation Zone-1. No legal control on change of landuse from residential area to commercial area, thus creating management mess for surrounding.

Location

Zone-3

Standard Value Noise annoyance from various sound sources

Zone-2

Night

Evening

Day

20 Percentage

Zone-1

100

Decibel

Zone-2

Zone-3

Zone-2 No planned circulation of traffic and parking of cars are not available in most of the commercial spaces of the city. Giving rise to congestion and difficult management of the commercial area.

15 10

Noise level in Commercial area 5

Noise Level(dB) Zone

Day (7am-4pm)

Evening (4pm-10pm)

Night Standard (10pm-7am) Value 55-60

Zone-1

60.1

84.7

Zone-2

56.2

69.8

55.8

55-60

Zone-3

57.3

72.4

51.9

55-60

56.3

Sound Source

Zone-2 Traffic noise increasing during weekends along the Ferozepur - Ludhiana Rd because of malls(Grand Walk Mall Ludhiana, Wave Mall Ludhiana and MBD Mall), which give rise to traffic noise pollution.

• Commercial landuse of Ludhiana city is the source of noise pollution to it’s surround landuse. • Industrial domination of city encourage the growth of illegal conversion of residential landuse to commercial landuse in the city. • Narrow streets, unplanned area with poor control on building bylaws in commercial area which directly effect the noise level in the commercial area. • Poor maintenance of street infrastructure such as lack of pedestrian walkways in city core. • No control on the location of street vendor give rise to encroachment in the commercial streets of the city which, not only act as cause of noise but also source of noise to it’s surrounding. • Poor management of traffic circulation along the commercial sector of the city. • No legal control on the noise level of commercial activities such as noise from restaurants and clubs • Commercial activities in Ludhiana are even open during night without any noise control regulation. • Traffic noise increasing during weekends along the Ferozepur - Ludhiana Rd because of malls(Grand Walk Mall Ludhiana, Wave Mall Ludhiana and MBD Mall). • Commercial sector of the city attract people from surrounding area for business and purchase. • The flow of population from surrounding cities give rise to traffic on roads, due to poor traffic management, city experience immense amount of noise pollution.

R.F: 1:46,000

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

N Name Surabhi Sharma Map no. Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Public/Semi-Public Landuse of Ludhiana city covers 8.93% of the total area of the city. Therefore Public/Semi-Public Noise have some contribution to the total noise pollution of the city. In order to study the noise pollution created by Public/Semi-Public activities, a study has been conducted to record noise levels in different Public/Semi-Public areas of Ludhiana city. Noise level study is conducted with help of noise dosimeter. Minimum, maximum noise levels between three time slots ,have been computed to understand the noise pattern in public and semipublic areas.

Survey Location

Public/Semi-Public Noise

Punjab Agricultural University Municipal corporation ludhiana Christian Medical College & Hospital

Inset

Dayanand Medical College Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital B. C. M. Arya Model Sr. Sec. School Gurdwara Dukh Niwaran Sahib

1 Dayanand Medical College

Municipal corporation ludhiana

Zone-4 The major cause of noise pollution in this area is it’s incompatibility landuse. Residential activities are mixed with major roads and railway line without any noise barrier.

Roads

Public/Semi-Public area Gurdwara Dukh Niwaran Sahib Ludhiana

Critical Area Survey Location

B. C. M. Arya Model Sr. Sec. School Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital

Zone-1The area around the Punjab Agricultural University which creates short term noise pollution during morning and evening peak hours.

Zone-4

Location

Zone-3

Standard Value

Zone-2

Night

Zone-1

Evening

Day

Zone-2

Zone-3

Zone-4

Percentage

Decibel

Noise level in Public/Semi-Public Noise area Noise Level(dB) Zone

Zone-2 Noise level of loud speakers used by religious places and poor traffic management creates noise pollution in this zone. Gurdwara Dukh Niwaran Sahib is located along the major road and railway line in the core of the city.

Noise annoyance from various sound sources

Ludhiana City Map

Legend

Christian Medical College & Hospital Punjab Agricultural University

Punjab District Map

Day (7am-4pm)

Evening (4pm-10pm)

Night Standard (10pm-7am) Value

Zone-1

57.8

54.2

50.1

45-55

Zone-2

61.1

61.3

57.3

45-55

Zone-3

58.3

58.4

55.9

45-55

Zone-4

60.3

59.4

51.2

45-55

25 20 15 10 5 0 Human sound

Loud Speaker/Music

Train sound

Sound source

4- Wheeler

2- Wheeler

Zone-2 The major cause of noise pollution in this area is it’s incompatibility landuse. Hospital is surrounded by dense residential colonies with narrow streets, which creates problem of traffic noise pollution.

Observation • With the help of study conducted it has been observed that public and semi-public areas of the city are the cause of noise to it’s surrounding but not source of noise. • During peak hours traffic around the educational institute creates chose due to poor circulation planning. • Religious places are always crowded with people and with fast and slow moving traffic. • No strict control on the use of loud speaker in religious area. • Lack of parking spaces in the public and semipublic area, give rise to on street parking and creating traffic congestion. • The noise levels are also increasing in silence zones(Schools, Hospitals etc.) even during night, because of there surroundings. • Honking is added to the general cacophony in neighborhood of hospitals and schools. • The area around the Punjab Agricultural University which creates short term noise pollution during morning and evening peak hours. • City core is a mix of planned and unplanned area therefore experience problem of management • Public and Semi-public activities located in the city core experience maximum noise pollution which include hospitals and schools. • The pattern of noise changes with every hour for public and semi-public area. • Impact of noise pollution on public and semipublic area directly depend on time, day, surrounding and location.

R.F: 1:46,000

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

N Name Surabhi Sharma Map no. Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Industrial Landuse of Ludhiana city covers 23.62% of the total area of the city. Therefore Industrial area has major contribution to the total noise pollution of the city. In order to study the direct and indirect impact of noise pollution created by Industrial activates, study of noise levels in different Industrial areas of Ludhiana city has been conducted. Noise level study is conducted with help of noise dosimeter. Minimum, maximum noise levels between three time slots ,have been computed to understand the noise pattern in Industrial areas

Survey Location

Industrial Noise

Dhandari Kalan Phase-V Phase-VIII

Inset

Phase-IVA Phase-IV Textile Colony

The area under Zone(1,2 and 3) are surrounded by two major roads of the connecting the city from Delhi and Chandigarh along with the railway line connecting the city to Ambala

Punjab District Map

Ludhiana City Map

Legend Roads Industrial area

Critical Area Textile Colony

Survey Location Phase-IVA

Phase-IV

Observation Phase-V

Dhandari Kalan

Phase-VIII

Industrial activities even creates noise pollution during the night. Activities such loading unloading Transportation of goods give rise heavy traffic movement.

Location

Zone-3

Standard Value Noise annoyance from various sound sources

Zone-2

Night Zone-1

Zone-1

Day 40

100

Textile and metal industrial are most noise generating industries in the area. Industrial noise is due to big machines, cutting, grinding, packaging, transportation of materials etc.

120

Percentage

Zone-3

Evening

Zone-2

Decibel

Noise level in Industrial area

Noise Level(dB) Zone Zone-1

Day (7am-4pm)

Evening (4pm-10pm)

93.1

99.3

Night Standard (10pm-7am) Value 79.2

70-75

Zone-2

95.7

102.5

80.4

70-75

Zone-3

89.3

97.1

75.4

70-75

0 Human sound

Generator Train sound Construction Metal work Industry

Textile Industry

4- Wheeler 2- Wheeler

Zone3 industrial area is till under construction and some part of Zone2 adding to total noise pollution of the zones.

Sound source

• The majority of industrial area is located in the south-east region of the city. • Industrial activities in the city are major cause of noise pollution, after traffic and transportation. • The area under Zone(1,2 and 3) are surrounded by two major roads of the connecting the city from Delhi and Chandigarh along with the railway line from Ludhiana to Ambala • Ludhiana Airport is proposed in the vicinity of the Zone-3 which can be a cause of noise pollution in the future of the zone. • Airport increase the development rate for it’s surrounding area. • Zone3 industrial area is till under construction and some part of Zone2 adding to total noise pollution of the zones. • Due to industrial identity of the city attracts large amount of population of people from surrounding area for work and business increasing the traffic in the city . • Industrial noise is due to big machines, cutting, grinding, packaging, transportation of materials etc. • Industrial activities even creates noise pollution during the night. • Activities such loading unloading • Transportation of goods. • Lack of trees, noise barrier and buffer between the industrial activities disturb surrounding activities . • No government polices and regulation for industrial noise pollution control

R.F: 1:46,000

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

N Name Surabhi Sharma Map no. Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Traffic and Transport Noise

Number of vehicle(lakh)

Transport of Ludhiana city covers 9.08% of the total area of the city. Therefore has major contribution to the total noise pollution of the city. In order to study the noise pollution created by Traffic and Transportation a study of noise levels on various transport corridor has been conducted with help of noise dosimeter. Minimum, maximum noise levels between three time slots ,have been computed. to understand the noise pattern in transport corridor areas

12 10

Inset

8 6 4

Circulation design of traffic is poor in and around the residential space.

2 0

Punjab District Map

1997 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019

Years The high dependency on the private vehicles disproportion increase of the landuses and areas under roads has created congestion, frequent delays and traffic problems in city roads.

Ludhiana City Map

Legend Railway corridor

Roads Critical Roads

Increasing the number of auto rickshaws and lack of public transport increasing the noise pollution in the city. Stretch-8

Stretch-10

In some locations there is no buffer between Railway corridor and buildings

Standard Value Night

Stretch-9

Noise annoyance from various sound sources

Evening

Train noise

Day

Stretch-8

Stretch-7

Stretch-5

Stretch-4

Stretch-3

Stretch-2

Stretch-1 0

Decibel

100

120

Noise Level(dB)

Day (7am-4pm)

Evening Night Standard (4pm-10pm) (10pm-7am) Value

Stretch-1

100.2

101.8

70-75

95.7

85.3 84.4

Stretch-2

97.2

Stretch-3

98.9

102.2

80.2

70-75

Stretch-4

99.2

100.1

83.3

70-75

Stretch-5

96.4

107.3

85.2

70-75

Stretch-6

90.1

99.4

79.3

70-75

Stretch-7

90.3

100.4

77.4

70-75

Stretch-8

89.5

99.9

80.7

70-75

Stretch-9

88.6

91.3

76.4

70-75

Stretch-10 89.3

90.5

77.3

70-75

4- Wheeler

Other vehicles

• Traffic management is inadequate for smooth flow of vehicles in the city. • Many intersections have no signals and those present are in nonfunctional state. • People don’t follow traffic rules and give rise to traffic congestion and situation of extra honking. • Lack of regular maintenance of vehicle making the vehicles noisy moreover bo check on them. • During night all the vehicles including the heavy ones have to pass through the narrow inner town roads. The plying of the heavy-diesel powered trucks and carrier vehicles causes severe degradation of the road’s edges and pavements and generates the most noise. • Location of upcoming Airport is a threat to the noise pollution in the south east region of the city. • There is 63 per centincrease in the four wheelers during the years 2005-09, while there is almost no increase in the areas under roads. Vehicle profile of the city

Percentage

Location

Stretch-6

2- Wheeler

Noise level on Transport Corridor Stretch

Human noise

Observation

25 20 15

Stretch

Type of Vehicleszzz Trailers, Multiaxled/Articulated vehicles,Tractors, Light Motor Vehicles (Goods) Four wheelers, Trucks & Lorries (GROUP-A) Public Buses (GROUP-B) Jeeps, Cars, Light,Motor,Vehicles (Passengers) andTaxis (GROUP-C) Auto rickshaws (GROUP-D) Two wheelers – Scooters Two wheelers – Mopeds (GROUP-E) Total

R.F: 1:46,000

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

Number of Vehicles Decibel

51964

85-95

4842

70-75

213026

80-90

49996

85-95

1017038

80-90

1336866

N Name Surabhi Sharma Map no. Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Landuse Analysis-Problems LANDUSE

SOUND SOURCE

LOCATION

WARD NO

PROBLEMS PLANNING

Residential Zone-1 Zone-2 Zone-3 Zone-4

Human sound generator, HVAC, Home Appliance, Industrial sound, Train sound, 4Wheeeler and 2-Wheeler

Heera Nagar and New Shiv Puri New Kartar Extension

Nagar

and

Model

23, 22, 21, 18,5,3,4, 2,1,7,24,17 and 18 Town 17,39,40,41,42,43,50, 45 and 38

Amarpura

43,44,45,46,47,66, and 67

Sherpur and Moti Nagar

8,14, and 15

Dayanand Medical College

29,28 and 34

Municipal corporation ludhiana, Christian Medical College & Hospital and Gurdwara Dukh Niwaran Sahib

34,36,37,38 and 4

Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital and B. C. M. Arya Model Sr. Sec. School

50,34, and 42

Punjab Agricultural University

53,55 and 52

MANAGEMENT

Micro

Macro

• • •

Poor selection of site for residential activities Poor orientation of building. Offset from Ludhiana bypass is not maintained properly Lack of noise barrier No use of acoustic material Lack of tress and green cover No balance between building open space ratio. Circulation design of traffic is poor in and around the residential space.

•

• •

Poor selection of site Poor orientation of building. Offset from Ludhiana bypass is not maintained properly Lack of noise barrier No use of acoustic material Lack of tress and green cover Circulation design of traffic is poor in and around the schools, hospitals and university space. No designed parking space. Poor design planning for sensitive zones

• • • • •

No use of acoustic material Lack of tress and green cover No balance between building space ratio. Circulation design of traffic is poor Lack of noise barrier

• • •

• • • • •

No use of acoustic material and trees Lack of noise barrier Poor orientation of building Poor selection building material Old machinery design are still use by most of the factories

• • • •

• • •

Lack of noise barrier Lack of tress and green cover Circulation design of traffic is poor in and around the residential space. Narrow streets in city core creates noise pollution. No sign boards along the roads fir sensitive zones. No circulation design plan for city around sensitive zone . Poor condition of roads on internal roads. On roads parking in core city. Lack of parking space.

• No separate routes for industrial transport. • In some locations there is no buffer between Railway corridor and buildings. • Uneven distribution of roads • No control on the increasing number of personal vehicle on road in the city. • Unplanned Urban morphology of the city impact the traffic on roads. • Lack of public transport. • Increasing the number of auto rickshaws. • Location of upcoming Airport is a threat to the noise pollution in the south east region of the city.

• • • • •

• • • • • •

All the mentioned residential areas are located along the major roads of the city and railway corridors. Poor arrangement of landuse use activities Uneven distribution of landuse open spaces. Residential area in old Ludhiana is consist of narrow streets, old construction with problem of encroachment and traffic congestion. No segregation of pedestrian traffic from vehicular traffic. Poor street distribution mix of planned and unplanned areas Illegal conversion of residential landuse.

•

All the mentioned areas are located along the major roads of the city and railway corridors. Poor arrangement of landuse use activities Uneven distribution of landuse open spaces. Sensitive zones in old Ludhiana is consist of narrow streets, old construction with problem of encroachment and traffic congestion. No segregation of pedestrian traffic from vehicular traffic. Poor street distribution mix of planned and unplanned areas in old Ludhiana city. Entrance and exist of college is not planned properly No special planning for ambulance circulation.

•

• • • • •

Poor traffic management in and around the residential activities. No control on honking and speed limit. No regular maintenance of roads and buildings. No architectural control such as maintenance of appropriate offset No control on illegal conversion of residential landuse. No control on on-street parking.

Public/Semi-Public Noise Zone-1 Zone-2

Human sound, Loud Speaker/Music, Train sound, 4- Wheeler and 2- Wheeler

Zone-3 Zone-4

• • • • • • •

• • • • • •

No management by traffic police on the traffic of during peak hours on the Entrance and exist of college Poor traffic management in and around the public and semi-public activities. No control on honking and speed limit. No control on the use of loudspeaker in religious buildings. No regular maintenance of roads . No control on on-street parking. No special rules and regulation for industrial noise pollution in surroundings.

Commercial Noise Zone-1 Zone-2 Zone-3

Human sound, Street Vendor, Loud Speaker/Music, Train sound, 3- Wheeler, 4Wheeler and 2- Wheeler

Jagraon Bridge and Chaura Bazar

20,19,37,36,34,51 and 50

Vishwakarma Chowk

43 and 68

Gill Road

52,51 and 48

Human sound, Generator, Train sound, Construction work, Metal Industry, Textile Industry,4-Wheeler and 2- Wheeler

Textile Colony

Dhandari Kalan, Phase-V, Phase-IVA and Phase-IV

71,13 and 11

Phase-VIII

74,13 and 11

Chandigarh Rd

10,11,12,9,14 and 18

Ludhiana bypass Rd

23,1,2,3,4,5,7,8,17,18,21,22 and 23

Jalandhar- Clock Tower Rd.-Delhi Rd.

24,23,31,33,32,34,35,42,,43,6,81,6,15 and 13

•

No special location for street vendors. • No segregation of pedestrian traffic from vehicular traffic. Poor street distribution mix of planned and unplanned areas in old • Ludhiana city. • Narrow streets •

No control on the location of street vendor give rise to encroachment in the commercial streets. No control on honking and speed limit. Poor traffic management No control on the use of loudspeaker and music in clubs and restaurants

No Buffer around industrial area • No segregation of heavy and light industry Lack of open space and offset . • Surrounded by major traffic roads and railway line connecting the city from Delhi and Chandigarh. •

No government bylaws to control noise pollution from industries. No check on the maintenance of buildings and machines. No control on honking and speed limit.

Industrial Zone-1 Zone-2 Zone-3

Traffic & Transportation Stretch-1 Stretch-2 Stretch-3 Stretch-4 Stretch-5 Stretch-6 Stretch-7 Stretch-8 Stretch-9 Stretch-10

Trailers, Multiaxled/Articulated vehicles,Tractors, Light Motor Vehicles (Goods) Four wheelers, Trucks & Lorries (GROUP-A); Public Buses (GROUP-B) Jeeps, Cars, Light,Motor,Vehicles (Passengers) andTaxis (GROUP-C); Auto rickshaws (GROUP-D); Two wheelers – Scooters Two wheelers – Mopeds (GROUP-E); Human noise and Train noise

The Mall Rd

17,16,39,68,43,45,47,50,49,51,34 and 28

Gill Rd

43,76,65,66 and60

Ferozepur - Ludhiana Rd

51, 52, 55, 57, 56, 48, 49 and50

Ludhiana bypass

56,47,46,59,58,44,66 and 67

• • •

Delhi-Railway Corridor

• 24,31,23,33,32,34,35,50,42,45,44,66 and 60 • • 42,42,40,39,16,15,13,43,68,70,71a nd74

Ferozepur –Rialway Corridor

56,48,30,49,47 and 58

Jalandhar- Railway Corridor

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

• Traffic management is inadequate for smooth flow of vehicles in the city. • Many intersections have no signals and those present are in nonfunctional state. • People don’t follow traffic rules and give rise to traffic congestion and situation of extra honking. • Lack of regular maintenance of vehicle making the vehicles noisy. • No check on the condition of vehicles. • During night all the vehicles including the heavy ones have to pass through the narrow inner town roads. The plying of the heavy-diesel powered trucks and carrier vehicles causes severe degradation of the road’s edges and pavements and generates the most noise. • Railway corridor are not maintained properly in the city. • No technical and manual management of traffic on the intersection

Name Surabhi Sharma Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Sheet no.

Public opinion

Public opinion survey The survey was conducted in Ludhiana city to understand public opinion about city environment and increasing noise in the city with help of questionnaire the results from the question area compiled below. Evaluating Urban Quality- on the basis Location Analysis Location of Slums in the Ludhiana city Quality of housing-PoorThese housing of following parameter. Slum in Ludhiana city or residential area for Quality of Housing

Maintenance of Urban Environment

Good Areas

Maintaind 23%

26% Poor 51%

Unmainta ined 77%

Moderate 23%

Mobility Services

Green space to site ratio Open area 11%

Good 13% Moderate 31%

Poor 56%

pattern and distribution of population reflects an unequal distribution of the resources and quality of life in the city. The planned housing schemes accommodate high and middle income people served with the best quality services in the cities Mobility Services-No segregation of pedestrian traffic from vehicular traffic. Creating congestion, thus noise pollution Public Respect of local EnvironmentPublic use of loudspeaker and continuous honking on roads is commonly seen in the city.

Built up area

Maintenance of Urban EnvironmentNo efforts are seen from government to maintenance environment quality of the city.

89%

Public Respect of local Environment

IMPACT

Percentage of slums and lower income group housing along the vulnerable sites in the city Railway Line

Industrial Area

Dump Yard

Major Roads Other

Green space to site ratio11 percent of the area occupied by streets and 8 percent public parks.

18% 24%

15% 11%

2% 3%

Good 30%

Moderate 61%

Bad 70%

Soundscape- No attention is given to soundscape by public and government more 33 percent of the city experience poor soundscape.

Percentage Planned Areas Ludhiana Type of area Percentage plan Population

Percentage Share

Good Area

75-100

546189

39.06

Moderate

50-75

282409

20.19

Poor

<50

569869

40.75

1398467

100

Total

41% 7%

Inner Zone

Middle Zone

Outer Zone

49%

According to the survey conducted by GLADA more then 50% of Ludhiana city is under unplanned area with poor living condition which give rise to situation of noise pollution

Percentage

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Building orientation

Landscaping Buffer/Sound Barrier

Acoustical Measures

All the building bylaws mention are important to control noise at micro level. The old Ludhiana city(inner zone) lack basic measure around the building to control acoustical environment at micro level but with the upcoming development the government have shown good control on the building by laws which area important to maintain sustainability living environment in the city.

Sound Preference Survey

32%

Illnesses Analysis

10% 4%

29%

Acoustical measures- In order to conduct the acoustical analysis a visual survey was conducted. In this survey city is divide intro 3 zones as per master plan. `

Boundary wall

Master plan report, 2021

Soundscape

Good Areas 13%

Poor 26%

the lower-income group are located close to the railway line, Industrial area and Major roads of the city which are more vulnerable to noise pollution and also cause work loss, reduction in workdays. Total number of slum:209 Total number of EWS housing:5000 as per master plan, 2021 Other’s include slums in old city , unauthorized colonies and pre-urban area. Location : majority of poor population live along the industrial area for work and along the major roads for easy travel.

(Public Opinion and impact of noise in Ludhaina)

Yes, 32% No, 68%

Majority of People in the Ludhiana city lack familiarity with noise pollution and laws related to it. It's also have been observed that government lack efforts towards spreading awareness about noise pollution and it's impact in the city.

26%

13%

Residential

Open Spaces

Annoyance

High BP

Commercial

Industrial

Public /Semi-public

Traffic

Heart Disease Deafness

Lung Disease Anxiety Insomnia

According to the survey conducted by noise dosimeter and noise tube, the major cause of noise pollution were industrial activities and traffic jams followed by commercial activities, but when this survey was conducted to understand the public opinion regarding the various land use and the noise created by them the results for very interesting • In public opinion the noise created by commercial activity and social events are not considered as noise pollution • Industrial noise and noise from traffic jams are considered as a cause of noise pollution by the public

Stress

Ludhiana city caused by noise pollution. According to the chart, the impact of Heart Disease and problem of blood pressure is very common, among the people of the city. • Noise pollution cause increase in stress hormones in the body which increase blood pressure and has adverse effect on internal lining of heart arteries straining the heart. Heart attack can occur from exposure to sudden loud noise. • Cases of deafness among old age and children is also increasing in the city from last 5 years asper interview conducted by Dr Rajat Bhatia

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

• 58.82% of total population in the city is understand the influence of high noise level in the city. • Children(0-10yr) as well as very old age(60-above) people are particularly more susceptible to noise pollution. • Noise have huge impact on the health of the public in the city. • Noise pollution cause increase in stress hormones in the body which increase blood pressure and has adverse effect on internal lining of heart arteries straining the heart. Heart attack can occur from exposure to sudden loud noise. • 13%of total population experience problem of deafness in Ludhiana out of which 70% of cases are with peoplw above the age of 60 years and 25% are with age below the age of 10years. • Honking is added to the general cacophony in cities causing temporary deafness. • Lack government health care polices make's it difficult for lower income group to pay there heather care bills. • Exposure to noise pollution cause various illness in human body and could cause work loss, reduction in workdays. • Noise pollution effects the value of property and location of land. • It has been observed that low density wards have most of the planned area. These housing pattern and distribution of population reflects an unequal distribution of the resources and quality of life in the city. • Despite the poor housing conditions the city has been considered as a favorable destination for the small scale industries. In the residential area causing noise pollution at community level. • The city has been considered as one of the favorable destination due to its high rental value. • Slum in Ludhiana city or residential area for the lower-income group are located close to the railway line, Industrial area and Major roads of the city which are more vulnerable to noise pollution. • This distribution is considered as a basic parameter while analyzing the nose impact on the landuse value in the city. • High dependency on the private vehicles disproportion increase of the land uses and areas under roads has created congestion, frequent delays and traffic problems in city roads. • Noise complaints are costly too-Examined the cost of making a complaint, both in terms of time and in terms of monetary cost, and discovered that the average incident costs a complainant 4-8 hours and the local authority 4-7 hours. However, these numbers can go up to 28-57 hours for the. complainant and 67135 hours for the local authority in the most demanding scenarios (which can comprise of 10 complaints, diary sheets, visit, notice, 10 complaints, visit, prosecution, witness statement and court appearance)

Session 2019-2020

Name Surabhi Sharma Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Sheet no.

Micro Analysis

150 145 140 135 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

(Introduction to study area) FINDINGS • •

• • • • • • •

06:30

06:00

05:30

05:00

04:30

04:00

03:30

03:00

02:30

02:00

01:30

01:00

00:30

00:00

23:30

23:00

22:30

22:00

21:30

21:00

20:30

20:00

19:30

19:00

18:30

18:00

17:30

17:00

16:30

16:00

15:30

15:00

14:30

14:00

13:30

13:00

12:30

12:00

11:30

11:00

10:30

10:00

09:30

09:00

08:30

08:00

07:30

•

07:00

Decibel

Noise level imprint for various Landuse activities throughout the day

•

Time Residential

Commercial

Public/Semi-Public

Open Spaces

Industrial

Traffic & Transportation

Analysis: Noise pressure level graph help to figure out various long and short term noise created by various landuse activities during the day, evening and night with there duration for the Ludhiana city. Residential Sudden rise in noise level is noticed between 7:00-7:30 which gradually increase till 11:30 and between 15:30 which also gradually increase till 21:30. Sudden drop of noise level is seen after 12:30 which remains for two hours. Total critical hours :5hr(M)+6hr(E)=10hr

Commercial Sudden rise in noise level is noticed between 10:00-10:30 which gradually increase. Sudden drop of noise level is seen after 22:00 which remains for the whole night. Total critical hours :12.5hr

Limits for Permissible Exposure

•

70 dB

Loud

•

75 dB

Protection regulation start

80 dB

Risk of ear damage

90 dB

Risk of ear damage in 6 hr

100 dB Risk of ear damage in 4 hr 110 dB Risk of ear damage in 2 hr 120 dB Risk of ear damage in 1 hr

Public/Semi-Public Sudden rise in noise level is noticed between 7:00-7:30 which gradually increase. Sudden drop of noise level is seen after 16:30 which remains for the whole night. Total critical hours :8.5hr ` Open Spaces Sudden rise in noise level is noticed between 6:30-7:00 which gradually increase till 11:30 and between 16:30 which also gradually increase till 7:30. Sudden drop of noise level is seen after 8:00 which remains for two hours. Total critical hours:4.5hr(M)+3hr(E)=7.5hr

•

Traffic & Transportation Noise constantly remain above the permissible limit through out the day but do show drop in noise level between 1:00-4:00 Total critical hours :21hr

Industrial Sudden rise in noise level is noticed between 11:00-11:30 which gradually increase for the remaining day. Drop in noise level is seen after 23:00 which remains for the whole night. Total critical hours :12hr

130 dB Risk of ear damage in 15 hr 140dB

Pain threshold

Occupational Safety Health Administration

Maximum long term noise is created by Transportation & traffic and industrial activities which are followed by commercial activities.

•

Ludhiana experiences immense amount of noise pollution between 10:00 to 20:00. With the help of noise mapping analysis and landuse analysis , it has been observed that south east region of the city experience immense amount of noise pollution for maximum number of hours during the day. All the land use activities contribute to the noise pollution in the city. The major causes of noise pollution in the city are traffic & transportation, industrial activities. With the help of noise mapping analysis and landuse analysis , it has been observed that areas with high noise level can be classified in two categories: Noise-afflicted zones - Areas under the influence of major noise creating activities. Noise-afflicter zones- The zone which create the high level of noise. Noise afflicted and noise afflicter zones at city levelSouth east region of the city act as noise afflicter for the entire city. Noise afflicted and noise afflicter zone at landuse leveltraffic & transportation and industrial activities act as a noise afflicter for the other land use activities. In order to understand the noise afflicted zones and noise afflicter zones a micro level study need to be conducted. Micro level analysis will help us to understand impact of urban noise on health of people and it’s Socioeconomics impact. Finding design, planning and management problem for the selected study area.. Since the south east area of the city experience maximum noise level therefore a sample study or micro level study for noise is conducted in this zone. Problem of noise pollution can be solved with help of following approach. Controlling noise in noise afflicter zones- by providing noise barrier around the source Protecting noise afflicted zones by providing noise barrier around them.

Selection Criteria In order to understand the noise afflicted zones and noise afflicter zones a micro level study of Moti Nagar in conducted. • Located in south-east region of the city. • Surrounded by industrial real from three sides (as shown in map below) • Located along the major roads of the city with railway corridor. • Area is a mix of planned and unplanned area. • Lack of open spaces in the region. The questionnaire survey is conducted along with noise dosimeter study to understand the noise problem of the area from the design, planning and management perspective. 20 Questionnaire from 20 different location are collected to understand noise imprint of Moti Nagar.

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

Afflicter Zone

Afflicted Zone Afflicter Zone

Afflicted Zone

Vardhman Mills

New Moti Nagar Transport Nagar Industrial Area- A

Focal Point Phase IV-A

Noise Afflicter and noise afflicting zone in study area

Ludhiana

Ludhiana City Map

Location of site on city map Vardhman Mills

New Moti Nagar

Transport Nagar Industrial Area- A

Moti Nagar

Focal Point Phase IV-A

Study area- Moti Nagar(marked in red)

Name Surabhi Sharma Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Sheet no.

Noise flow from surrounding landuse activities With the help of diagram drawn below we can understand the noise movement in Moti Nagar from the surrounding Noise-afflicter zones

Micro Analysis

Introduction: Moti Nagar is located in the south-east region of the city with total area of 2.67sqKm. Covering the ward 15 and 16 of the city with total population of 52101 people approximately. Moti Nagar is mix of old and new construction with high population density. The area is selected to understand the noise of the city at micro level, also to understand public view about increasing noise pollution in the city and within the area.

(Moti Nagar)

Major Roads Minor Roads

Vardhman Mills

Industrial Area Residential Area Industrial Area

Q1 Transport Nagar Industrial Area- A

New Moti Nagar

Public/ semi Public Area

Unplanned street distribution, Narrow streets, incompatible land use with traffic congestion adds up with poor condition of building and lack of open spaces to create noise pollution in Moti Nagar.

Vacant Land

Moti Nagar Q4 Q3 Focal Point Phase IV-A

Parameters and Indicators of Built Environment for a Residential Area. Built environment parameters affecting the performance of humans thereby influencing the livability.

14% Q5

Transport Nagar Industrial Area- A

Q11

Q6 Q8

New Moti Nagar

Illnesses Analysis

Q12

Q10

15% 21%

Q14

26%

Q13

Moti Nagar is surrounded by noise Afflicting industrial area from three sides creating noise pollution .

Visual Character

Building materials used in facade

Green Space

Total green space to site ratio(1:9)

Bad

Good

Environment

Road

Visual Character

Quality of Streetscape

Good

Maintenance level of green area

Bad

Good

Housing quality

Privat eV

Bad

Public Vehicl e

Basic facilities Q15

80.0 orabove

Q17

Q16

Q19

Sherpur

70.0 to 74.9 Day(7am-4pm) Noise Contours for Moti Nagar

60.0 to 64.9 55.0 to 59.0 Roadways Noise

Natural Noise

Human Noise

Convenience

Road distribution Convenience

Public Vehicle

Soundscape

Not Close

Bad Good

Proximity to noise generating activities in the vicinity

Environment

Soundscape

Economic and social growth is reflected in the form of its GDP and other social indicators. The need is to identify and then prioritize the parameters affecting livability of residential colony on scientific and technological footing not only to upgrade the existing residential areas but also to plan better residential area. Industrial Noise

Rating

The area experience high level of noise throughout the day under the influence of Ludhiana bypass and major traffic roads connecting the city from Delhi and Chandigarh.

06:00

05:00

04:00

03:00

02:00

01:00

00:00

23:00

22:00

21:00

20:00

19:00

18:00

17:00

16:00

15:00

14:00

13:00

12:00

11:00

10:00

09:00

08:00

Time Night(10pm-7am) Noise Contours for Moti Nagar

Green Space

Walkability

Noise annoyance rating of various Questionnaire on specified sound sources

80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 07:00

Evening (4pm-10pm) Noise Contours for Moti Nagar

Decibel

Noise level imprint for Moti Nagar throughout the day

Lung Disease Anxiety Insomnia

The above chart represent Illnesses Analysis for Moti Nagar caused by noise pollution. According to the chart, the impact of Heart Disease and problem of blood pressure is very common. among the public of the area.

Q20

Railway Noise

Heart Disease Deafness

Road

Private Vehicle

Q18

65.0 to 69.9

High BP

Stress

Focal Point Phase IV-A

75.0 to 79.9

Annoyance

Sudden rise in noise level is noticed between 7:00-7:30 which gradually increase till 11:30-15:30 which also gradually increase. Sudden drop of noise level is seen after 12:30.

Q-1

Q-2

Q-3

Q-4

Q-5

Q-6

Q-7

Q-8

Q-9 Q-10 Q-11 Q-12 Q-13 Q-14 Q-15 Q-16 Q-17 Q-18 Q-19 Q-20

Questionnaire In order understand the soundscape elements of Moti Nagar questionnaire survey was conducted on various location (marked in map).With the help of above graph we can understand that dominating source of noise are noise from industrial area and road traffic followed by railway noise. Lack of open space and dense building foot print suppress the natural sound in the area.

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

No Buffer is maintained between buildings and railway corridor . Lack of trees and poor maintenance of land along the railway line.

Name Surabhi Sharma Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban) Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Sheet no.

NOISE REDUCTION BY VEGETATION Sound insulation is often overlooked when it comes to green roofs and green walls. The combination of soil, plants and trapped layers of air within green roof systems can act as a noise insulation barrier. Sound waves are both absorbed, reflected or deflected. Whilst the growing medium tends to block lower sound frequencies, the plants tend to block higher frequencies. Therefore a green roof with a 12 cm substrate layer can reduce sound by 40dB and one of 20 cm by 4650dB. In the light of this the deeper the substrate the greater the insulation effect.

Green walls also provide a noise barrier. Green walls provide a 15db reduction in sound. They also have a sound absorption coefficient of about 0.40.Green walls do have potential to act as sound barriers. However improvements could be made to increase the amount of sound absorbed. Sealing up the joints in modular systems would increase the efficiency of green walls as noise barriers..

NOISE BARRIERS A noise barrier is an exterior structure designed to protect inhabitants of sensitive land use areas from noise pollution. Noise barriers are the most effective method of mitigating roadway, railway, and industrial noise sources. Effective noise barriers typically reduce noise levels by 5 to 10 dB, which reduces the loudness of traffic noise by as much as one-half. Noise barriers do not completely eliminate noise, but rather reduce overall noise levels. The closer you are to the barrier, the greater reduction in noise is achieved

unaware of the acoustical consequences that the presence of the different urban elements can have on the exposure of these people as well as on those living in the flanking dwellings

Rooftop gardening: van be used by residential area along the major roads

Green wall: can be used for hospital and school building to reduce external noise

Vertical gardens under Flyover

Recommended trees: Fast growing Local trees with low maintenance are recommended for Ludhiana city to reduce noise level.

The facade shape, the width of the street, and urban furniture are natural elements in the urban environment that can transform the propagation of sound. Add-on small barriers, absorptive layers, and shaped balconies can alleviate exposure.

Noise control measures for Ludhiana city Railway Noise Barrier Rail damper: is fixed to the rail web. Its design composition it has high absorption properties by which it absorbs vibrations arising at the wheel / rail interface and thereby prevents the generation of noise in the rail.

Track absorber is a system mats made from woodencemented parts, or recycled synthetic material with thickness of 50 to 150 mm, and its design follows the corresponding shape of the tracks, whether it is for new construction or reconstruction of existing railway lines.

Façade control for noise reduction Recommended rooftop layering for Ludhiana city

Rosewood

Neem

Mango tree

General building shape has a limited influence on sound levels. Upwardly inclined facades are most efficient for reducing noise

Bellirica

Considerations Concave facades are also beneficial for pedestrians

Noise is more effectively reduced by completely screening the source from view. A noise barrier should be planted as close to the noise source as possible. Wide belts of high density trees and shrubs are required to achieve significant noise reductions. Effectiveness of noise reduction is closely related to the density of stems, branches and leaves. For year-round noise reduction use broadleaved evergreens or a combination of coniferous and broadleaved evergreen species. Soft ground is an efficient noise absorber.

Proposed Road cross section with noise barrier Chukrasia tabularis

Tabebuia Aurea

Kachnar

Plumeria

Recommended tree arrangement with boundary wall along the roads

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

A small vertical barrier reduces noise levels with more than 4dBA for pedestrians. Inclination of a low barrier additionally reduces 3dBA for pedestrians (8dBA in total). 30 degrees inclination is the most beneficial for this canyon dimensions.

Session 2019-2020

Setback in lower stores may reduce noise by up to 4 dB with a setback of 5 m depth and 2 floors height is the most efficient way to reduce noise. The triangular prominences have an important noise reduction on façade. The addition of balconies has an important effect on the facade, reducing at least 5 dB. on each floor except on the ground floor.

Name Surabhi Sharma Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Sheet no.

NOISE BUFFER: The land use along the major roads and railway line is the zone of tension due to conflicting land uses development and management. Using buffers to serve as a physical barrier between these land uses and to provide multiple benefits. Planning the buffers to minimize the contentious issues of noise pollution in the Ludhiana city. Buffers can reduce noise from roads and other sources to levels that allow normal outdoor activities to occur. A 50-foot wide planted buffer will reduce noise by 5 to 8 decibels (dBA) The objective of buffer is to Enhance visual quality and Control noise levels in the city. Using a barrier in the buffer such as a landform can significantly increase buffer effectiveness (10 to 15 dBA reduction per 50-foot wide buffer with 12-foot high landform). Buffer Space Sizing Table

Key Planning Considerations Locate buffer close to the noise source while providing an appropriate setback from built up.

Speed(Km/hr)

Distance(ft)

Evergreen species will offer year-around noise control. Create a dense buffer with trees and shrubs to prevent gaps. Natural buffers will be less effective than planted buffers, therefore it is important to have planned buffer along the railway line and major transport corridor of the city.

Noise control measures for Ludhiana city

Proposed Location Chandigarh Rd Ludhiana bypass Rd Jalandhar- Clock Tower Rd.Delhi Rd.

110

150

190

230

270

Ludhiana bypass

The Mall Rd Gill Rd Ferozepur - Ludhiana Rd

Consider topography and use existing landforms as noise barriers where possible.

100

310

Jalandhar- Railway Corridor

110

350

Delhi-Railway Corridor

Select species suitable for the site

120

490

Ferozepur –Rialway Corridor

Select plants with dense branching and twig structure. Minimum 50 feet buffer along the railway line through the city should be maintained in order to avoid noise pol`lution and it’s impact on the surrounding.`

Use long-lived species that require minimal maintenance.

Visual concept of proposed Buffer for section A along the Mall Rd and Gill Rd which are located in inner city

After

Before

UNDER THE FLYOVER SPACE: With the construction of highway in urban areas empty spaces results the space along and under the elevated Highways affects the way we experience the city date disconnect neighborhoods produce undesirable views and act as a physical and psychological barriers making the pedestrian experience unpleasant. Also increasing the noise vibrations in transport corridor.

Problem: Ludhiana known as the industrial city of Punjab has 22 existing flyovers and 10 new flyovers has been already proposed to overcome traffic congestion at different location

Lack of Open Spaces and green cover in Ludhiana city reduce its Noise absorption capacity of the city.

The space under the flyover are the having wonderful potential to reduce noise pollution in the City by increasing the green cover and therefore adding the absorption capacity for noise in the City

At intersections, design buffers to allow for views of oncoming traffic. The sight triangle should be based on vehicle speed. Plant height in sight triangle should be less than 3 feet high.

Noise panel used with advertisement hoardings to absorb traffic noise along the roads

Current Scenario of area under flyover in Ludhiana City Proposed Location

Railway line will be converted to into `green corridor that connects the city from other cities by adding green buffer along the railway line, which will reduce the noise pollution in the city by 10dB. In addition to that this buffer will increasing the overall green cover of the city

Cross section A- for noise buffer along the Mall Rd and Gill Rd which are located in inner city Noise Barrier Footpath

30ft

Drive Lane

30ft

Footpath

amazingly it is also free from all the policies land tenure and disputes and real estate speculation that plague much of the development cities today

Chandigarh Rd Ludhiana bypass Rd Jalandhar- Clock Tower Rd.-Delhi Rd. The Mall Rd

Flyover pillars is proposed with vertical gardens for vertical absorption of noise vibration in transport corridor

Noise Barrier

Noise Source Noise Source Noise Source

Noise Source

Cross section for B- noise buffer along the Chandigarh, Delhi and Ferozepur - Ludhiana Rd

Visual concept of proposed under the flyover space

Cross section for proposed vehicle and space distribution under flyover with noise flow

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

Name Surabhi Sharma Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Sheet no.

INTEGRATING STREET VENDORS INTO THE LUDHIANA CITY: Under Street Vendor Act, 2014 recognizing the rights of street vendors not only to get space but also to participate in the decisions about the city thus creating a co-existing capitalist ecosystem by integrating street vendors in the city's social and economic life. According to the analysis conducted it is important to have separate space for street vendors in the City. Since Encroachment is a big problem in the city of Ludhiana therefore it is important to find solution in order to avoid Congestion on the street which give rise to noise pollution. Problems • The vendors are everywhere • Extreme amount of vendors in core city area. • Main problem caused by street vendors traffic jams and noise pollution

Solution Removal of Encroachments: Preservation of the pedestrian right of way is also part of the urban reformation proposal. The plan targets removal of encroachments by on-street haphazard cars, auto rickshaw parking as well as chaotic spread of hawkers. Dedicated zones for Hawkers on commercial streets will redefine their current space but in a planned way with unique identification numbers organized and managed.

Proposed Location Ghumar Mandi Jagraon Bridge Chaura Bazar Vishwakarma Chowk Gill Road

RECOMMENDATION TO ENCOURAGE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION: According to the analysis conducted, major cause of noise pollution in city transports issues one of them is rapid increasing of private car ownership in the Ludhiana city. Problem The high dependency on the private vehicles disproportion increase of the landuses and areas under roads has created congestion, frequent delays and traffic problems in city roads which is the major cause of honking, thus creating noise pollution in the city.

STRATEGY-1: divide the city into Vending zones and non-Vending zones

Organized markets street

STRATEGY-3: segregate traffic flows Vending zone – Footpath – Parking - Road

Markets Along the street

Integrated Landuse and Transport Planning • High densities around transit stations • Mixed land use • Increase in FAR along major roads of the city • Re-densification of low density areas with mixed land use Flexible markets

Visual concept of street vending zone

STRATEGY-2

Mobility Management in Companies

STRATEGY-4 Restricting on Car Ownership

A) vertical mixed-use buildings; B) horizontal mixed-use blocks; C) mixed-use walkable

Mobility Management in Companies •

• Stop Zone/Parking Footpath

Integrated Landuse and Transport Planning

• Promoting Public Transport • Ensuring that the total cost of private vs. public transport is transparent

•

Road

STRATEGY-1

STRATEG`Y- Planning for Non-motorised 3 transport

A STRATEGY-2: Divide the vending zones into

Noise control measures for Ludhiana city

Vending Zone

Pickups and drop-offs service that organizations provide common transport for employees. Reducing the number of cars during peak hours on road And Stress-free Commute, Health Improvement and Women Safety

Road space: bus vs bikes vs cars Restricting on Car Ownership This can be achieved by • • • •

Proposed Occupied Space

Increasing Parking rates Increasing maintainer cost Increasing interest on car loans Reducing the cost of public transport

Bicycle integration in transit systems (e.g. racks in on bus)

Proposed amenities and infrastructure • Basic amenities and infrastructure like waste Bin streetlight surveillance, signage etc. • Pavement and landscape wherever necessary. • Static vending area should be provided with electricity feature

Concept of public bike sharing to encourage use of cycle in the city

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Increase road and path connectivity, with non motorized tracks

Develop pedestrian oriented land use and building design

Session 2019-2020

Planning for Non- motorized transport • Improve sidewalks, crosswalks, paths, bicycle lanes and networks. • Public bicycle systems (automated bicycle rental systems designed to provide efficient mobility for short, utilitarian urban trips). • Develop pedestrian oriented land use and building design. • Increase road and path connectivity, with special non motorized shortcuts • Traffic calming, streetscape improvements, traffic speed reductions, vehicle restrictions and road space reallocation. • Safety education, law enforcement and encouragement programs. • Bicycle parking. • Bicycle integration in transit systems (e.g. racks in on bus) • Address security concerns of pedestrians and cyclists.

Name Surabhi Sharma Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Sheet no.

AWARENESS FOR NOISE POLLUTION` Awareness about noise pollution should be covered with the help of printing distribution of posters car stickers by the Punjab Pollution Control Board in Ludhiana city.

ENFORCEMENT/IMPLEMENTATION: The State Government shall categorize the areas into industrial, commercial, residential or silence areas / zones for the purpose of implementation of noise standards for different areas.

Live electronic display boards must be put up on in each sensitive zones showing the noise level for such areas this help the driver's identifying the level of noise to be maintained by them. Training program must be conducted by the home department for the police officers and the traffic police better equip them to identify instance of unnecessary honking and also levy penalty upon the offenders.

The State Government shall take measures for abatement of noise including noise emanating from vehicular movements, blowing of horns, bursting of sound emitting firecrackers, use of loud speakers or public address system and sound producing instruments and ensure that the existing noise levels do not exceed the ambient air quality standards specified under these rules.

campaigns to create awareness among public and traffic police about noise pollution spreading awareness about health impact of noise pollution

The Regional Transport Office is the authority issuing driving lessons to the applicants the RTO must be at the time of taking the test train the applicants to avoid unnecessary honking and educate them regarding the rules prohibiting honking.` Awareness campaign must be organized for taxi and auto rickshaw drivers and private cab companies

awareness campaign about the noise pollution in the schools Signage along the Silent Zone of the city

ENFORCEMENT/IMPLEMENTATION:

A loud speaker or a public address system or any sound producing instrument or a musical instrument or a sound amplifier shall not be used at night time except in closed premises for communication within, like auditoria, conference rooms, community halls, banquet halls or during a public emergency.

The Traffic Police must take all efforts to strictly enforce Traffic Rules so as to eliminate further reasons for unnecessary honking.

celebrating non honking day in the city in order to spread awareness about the noise pollution

Awareness campaign must be organized for taxi and auto rickshaw

The RTO and Police Department should jointly conduct drives to remove high decibel horns

The noise level at the boundary of the public place, where loudspeaker or public address system or any other noise source is being used shall not exceed 10 dB above the ambient noise standards for the area or 75 dB whichever is lower RESTRICTIONS IN SILENCE ZONE No horn shall be used in silence zones or during night time in residential areas except during a public emergency.

Timings for permission to conduct, construction Activities must be restricted.

Sound emitting fire crackers shall not be burst in silence zone or during night time.

Pre-fabricated and pre-cut materials must be used more extensively and concrete. mixers must be allowed on sites only if the some is essential. Noise barriers should be erected around construction sites.

An area comprising not less than 100 meters around hospitals, educational institutions and courts may be declared as silence area / zone for the purpose of these rules.

A loud speaker or a public address system shall not be used except after obtaining written permission from the authority.

Special drives should be undertaken by the Police Department against night time motorcycle racing.

The Traffic Police must strictly levy the penalties as prescribed by low for violations relating to vehicular noise including fines and confiscation of horns.

noise pollution survey should be conducted on the regular basis in the city.

RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF LOUD SPEAKERS

The RTO should not issue registrations to vehicles .with modified or broken silencers / engines.

Noisy activities such as cutting, loading or unloading of material must be permitted 1o be conducted indoors only

The respective State Pollution Control Boards or Pollution Control Committees in consultation with the Central Pollution Control Board shall collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data relating to noise pollution and measures devised for its effective prevention, control and abatement. All development authorities, local bodies and other concerned authorities while planning developmental activity or carrying out functions relating to town and country planning shall take into consideration all aspects of noise pollution as a parameter of quality of life to avoid noise menace and to achieve the objective of maintaining the ambient air quality standards in respect of noise.

Large billboards must be put upon to highlight the dangerous and harmful effects noise pollution. The state government through the education department should undertake successful education drive in Municipal schools across Ludhiana and Punjab for students, against using fire crackers causing noise pollution.

Noise control measures for Ludhiana city

noise controlling barriers along the construction site

banning the use of loudspeaker in religious activities

Sound emitting construction equipment's shall not be used or operated during night time in residential areas and silence zones.

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

Name Surabhi Sharma Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Sheet no.

The major cause of noise pollution in this zone is lack of green cover and traffic on Ludhiana bypass therefore proposal given below in order to reduce noise from the traffic in the area.

Roads

Critical Area

Residential area

Noise control measures for Residential area

Survey Location

Railway Track Noise Buffer

In this Zone the residential area is surrounded by industrial activities and major transport activities which are the cause of noise pollution for the residential area.

Redevelopment under flyover Cycling track

Heera Nagar

Smart bus stop

New Shiv Puri

Traffic Light

Trees Mix-Landuse

Amarpura

Moti Nagar

2 Use of 70 feet buffer along the Ludhiana by pass will reduce the noise up to 10-15dB. Redevelopment of are under flyover will increase the noise absorption capacity of the zone and will help in reduction of traffic noise up to 5dB. the surrounding residential are must use green walls and roofs to filter noise from the flyover and highway.

Model Town Extension

Sherpur

New Kartar Nagar The major cause of noise pollution in this zone is from construction noise from upcoming development

The area is located in the city core the major cause of noise pollution is old unplanned area in this zone mixing with railway and road traffic.

Tress with long-term vision should be provided along the highway for noise reduction.

Legalizing the mixed land use along the major roads of the city and using the residential area for small scale industry is recommended for future master plan.

Use of noise monitoring traffic light with proper Road Infrastructure such as no honking sign boards and demarcation of Silent Zone with use of noise barrier along the highway

Banning the loading and unloading activities in open area . Erect enclosures around loading and unloading zones to reduce the amount of noise emitted.

Noise deflector along major and minor the roads

Design the workflow to keep noisy machinery with respect to sounding area. Use barriers and screens to block the direct path of sound

Green wall

Green Roof

Legalizing the mixed land use along the major roads and banning the industrial transportation during night

100ft noise buffer and noise barrier along the railway line to reduce noise from the railway track

100ft noise buffer and noise barrier along the railway line to reduce noise from the railway track Proposed Noise barrier along landscaping with the mix of native and exotic the railway track trees defining the major road corridor, including avenue and boulevards to reduce noise pollution.

Redevelopment of area under the flyover and also maintenance of parks and Open Spaces in the area

The addition of balconies has an important effect on the facade, reducing at least 5 dB strict facade control along the railway line and major roads for better bastion and deflection of Redevelopment of area under flyover Monitoring traffic lights sound.

Propose facade

100ft noise buffer and noise barrier along the railway line to reduce noise from the railway track Redevelopment of are under flyover will increase the noise absorption capacity of the zone . proposing a buffer along the industrial zone in order to provide screening and relief from noise

Use of noise monitoring traffic light with proper Road Infrastructure such as no honking sign boards and demarcation of Silent Zone with use of noise barrier along the highway The surrounding residential are must use green walls and roofs to filter noise from the flyover and highway. Tress with long-term vision should be provided.

Proposed sheltered loading and unloading area.

R.F: 1:46,000

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

N Name Surabhi Sharma Map no. Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Narrow streets, incompatible land use with traffic congestion added up with old construction and poor management makes the area perfect to generate noise pollution for It's surrounding.

Roads

Commercial area

Critical Area

Survey Location

Railway Track Noise Buffer Redevelopment under flyover

Noise control measures for Commercial area The major cause of noise pollution is Unplanned segregation of road activities traffic and railway noise with lack of parking and poor circulation planning for traffic causing congestion .

Cycling track Smart bus stop Traffic Light Trees

1 Chaura Bazar Jagraon Bridge

Ghumar Mandi Vishwakarma Chowk

Streetscape enhancement is planned for giving pedestrians a safe and walkable environment making it safe and pleasant to get around without being auto dependent.

Gill Road

Existing view of Chaura Bazar

The area experience noise pollution during peak hours due to traffic jam along the University area causing congestion.

The plan targets removal of encroachments by on-street haphazard cars, auto rickshaw parking as well as chaotic spread of hawkers.

Existing view of Ghumar Mandi Streetscape enhancement is planned for giving pedestrians a safe and walkable environment making it safe and pleasant to get around without being auto dependent.

Banning the use of loudspeaker and loud music in commercial activities Setback in lower stores may reduce noise by up to 4 dB with a setback of 5 m depth and 2 floors height is the most efficient way to reduce noise.

The plan targets removal of encroachments by onstreet haphazard cars, auto rickshaw parking as well as chaotic spread of hawkers.

Proposed view of Chaura Bazar Proposed view of Ghumar Mandi

100ft noise buffer and noise barrier along the railway line to reduce noise from the railway track

Banning the use of loudspeaker and loud music in commercial activities

Restricting the use of four wheeler vehicle in the area Planning of multi level car parking for the major commercial areas of the cities such as. Using for commercial public coding for noise awareness campaign. Existing view of encroachment in bazaar

the malls must use green walls and roofs to reduce the noise vibration in surrounding.

Setback in lower stores may reduce noise by up to 4 dB with a setback of 5 m depth and 2 floors height is the most efficient way to reduce noise. Visual concept of street vending zone Streetscape enhancement is planned for giving pedestrians a safe and walkable environment making it safe and pleasant to get around without being auto dependent.

50ft noise buffer and noise barrier along the railway line to reduce noise from the railway track Redevelopment of area under flyover Proposed road cross section

The plan targets removal of encroachments by on-street haphazard cars, auto rickshaw parking as well as chaotic spread of hawkers. banning the use of loudspeaker and loud musing after 10 o'clock

Planning of multi level car parking for the major commercial areas of the cities such as. Providing mix of both native and exotic plants with shrubs increase the aesthetic Appeal of commercial area Use of noise monitoring traffic signals.

R.F: 1:46,000

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

N Name Surabhi Sharma Map no. Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

The major cause of noise pollution in the zone is the mismanagement of traffic and surrounding land use with respect to the silent zone. Poor maintenance of parks and open spaces

Roads

Public/Semi-Public area

Critical Area

Survey Location

Railway Track Noise Buffer

Noise control measures for Public/Semi-Public area

Redevelopment under flyover

The area is located in the city core the major cause of noise pollution is old unplanned area in this zone

Cycling track Smart bus stop Traffic Light

Trees

Dayanand Medical College

Silent Zone

Municipal corporation ludhiana Christian Medical College & Hospital

Punjab Agricultural University

Gurdwara Dukh Niwaran Sahib Ludhiana

4 3

B. C. M. Arya Model Sr. Sec. School Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital

Planning of proper traffic circulation around the Dayanand Medical College. maintaining the green space on the landscape of the already existing parks and open spaces with Tress and shrubs with long-term vision in the area in order to reduce noise pollution in the zone

The area experience noise pollution during peak hours due to traffic jam along the University area and commercial activates

The major cause of noise in this area is locational selection of school and hospital along the railway line

The hospitals and schools along the railway line should be relocated in order to reduce noise level in future master plan.

Green Roof

A loud speaker or a public address system shall not be used except after obtaining written permission from the authority in Gurdwara Dukh Niwaran Sahib Ludhiana .

Use of noise monitoring traffic light with proper Road Infrastructure such as no honking sign boards and demarcation of Silent Zone lack of parking is the major parking in the zone there is during peak hours banning vehicle for students is only vehicular footprint in the area

cause of on street causing congestion the use of private solution to reduce

Propose noise absorption barrier along the road

Punjab Agricultural University

Using e-rickshaw within Universities and hospitals in order to reduce noise pollution.

Proposed noise barrier

Municipal corporation Ludhiana must use green walls and roofs to filter noise from the flyover and highway.

Public cycle sharing

50ft noise buffer and noise barrier along the railway line to reduce noise from the railway track.

proposing a public cycle sharing and cycling track in and around the campus of hospital . Using e-rickshaw Universities

within

The hospitals and schools along the railway line should be relocated in Rail damper order to reduce noise level.

proposing a public cycle sharing and cycling track in and around the campus of hospital . No vending zone around schools and university

preparing a circulation plans for peak hours.

Awareness campaign must be organized for taxi and auto rickshaw drivers and private cab companies

Thick buffer with appropriate noise buffer should be provided to protect the soundscape of the zone Green wall

banning the encroachment by street vendors along the road well designed comfortable shelter for bus stop along the roads to avoid pedestrian interference.

Thick buffer with appropriate noise buffer should be provided to protect the soundscape of the zone

E-rickshaw

Demarcation of silent zone in order to control noise around them. Education department should undertake successful education drive in Municipal schools across Ludhiana and Punjab for students, against using fire crackers causing noise pollution and air pollution which

existing view of Sidhwan canal with under flyover development using water for masking the surrounding traffic and railway sound .

Proposed view of Sidhwan canal

R.F: 1:46,000

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

N Name Surabhi Sharma Map no. Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

The major cause of noise pollution in this zone is the textile industry using heavy machinery for manufacturing of goods with no noise control measures

Roads

Industrial area

Survey Location

Critical Area

Railway Track Noise Buffer

Noise control measures for Industrial area

Redevelopment under flyover

The major cause of noise pollution in this zone is the industrial activities using heavy machinery for manufacturing of goods with upcoming construction for the city no noise control measures

Cycling track Smart bus stop Traffic Light Trees Loading and unloading area

Textile Colony Phase-IVA

2 Proposing a buffer along the industrial zone in order to provide screening and relief from noise Use of acoustical friendly materials which reduce noise up to 5dB in exterior and interior od industrial space.

Phase-IV Phase-V

Dhandari Kalan

The zone experience noise pollution because of noise created by industrial and construction activities

Phase-VIII

Use of covered Design the workflow to keep noisy machinery with respect to sounding area. Use barriers and screens to block the direct path of sound Redevelopment of are under flyover will increase the noise absorption capacity of the zone 100ft noise buffer and noise barrier along the railway line to reduce noise from the railway track. sheltered area should be used for loading and unloading activity landscape that provides screening and vegetation release along with control on noise pollution. Banning the use of heavy machinery in Industrial Area after 10 o'clock.

Noise barriers along the construction site

Recommended materials to be used by industries for noise control in and around the building • Rectangular silencers • Circular silencers (with or without a pod) • Splitter silencers (acoustic splitters) • Acoustic louvres • Acoustic doors • Acoustic enclosures • Audiometric booths • Anechoic / semi-anechoic rooms • Foam glass. • Acoustic foam.

Design the workflow within the industry Use absorptive materials within the building to reduce reflected sound, eg :open cell foam or mineral wool. Proper and regular check by authority maintenance of machinery and equipment is essential as it will deteriorate with age and can become noisier. Use of green walls and roofs on industrial building if possible. Mobility Management in Companies for worker’s is compulsory rule to establish industry in Ludhiana city Buffer with thick vegetation along the noise creating.

Banning the industrial transportation from the inner city during night. using the acoustical barriers around the construction area to reduce noise regular check on the architecture of control and architectural regulations followed by the industries Mobility Management in Companies for worker’s is compulsory rule to industry in Ludhiana city Buffer with mango and neem trees is proposed along the industrial area for noise absorption

Avoid metal-on-metal impacts, eg: line chutes with abrasion-resistant rubber, and reduce drop heights.

Rectangular silencer should be used in buildings roof to reduce noise level.

Using Acoustic doors Acoustic louvres

Proposed sheltered loading and unloading area.

R.F: 1:46,000

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

N Name Surabhi Sharma Map no. Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

NOISE BUFFER: The major cause of noise pollution in Ludhiana city is noise created by traffic and industrial activities in order to reduce noise around major roads and industrial zones noise buffer are provided with vegetation at various location of the city

Roads Railway line

Effected area Proposal -A Proposal -B Proposal -C

2 1

Noise control measures from Traffic flows

UNDER THE FLYOVER SPACE: lack of Open Spaces to reduce the noise absorption capacity of the city in order to incorporate green cover in existing land use area under flyover is utilised to provide landscaping and Road Infrastructure for smooth traffic flow

Roads Railway line

Effected area

Proposed location

3 3 2

Existing piers Proposed Median Injected Programs Flyover

PROPOSAL

proposed pedestrian crossing under the flyover

stretch-1: according to the analysis conducted for noise pollution Ludhiana Delhi road was found to be the busiest and the major cause of noise pollution for it’s surrounding area. by providing a noise buffer with vegetation along the road will reduce noise up to 10dB and will also helps to increase the total green cover of the city. stretch-2: district experience noise pollution throughout the day by providing noise buffer up to 70 feet can reduce noise up to 10 to 15 dB and will act as a barrier for industrial area stretch-3: connectivity of this road from inner city area and Ludhiana bypass have huge impact on its noise level of this road by providing 70 feet noise buffer can reduce noise level and will also increase noise abortion capacity of the city

BEFORE

stretch-4: the stretch is located close to the Periphery but still experience noise pollution by providing 70 feet noise buffer can reduce noise level and will also increase noise abortion capacity for it’s surrounding residential area stretch-1: the road consists of various small flyover and considered to be one of the major transport route in the inner Ludhiana city often experience high level of noise and traffic vibrations therefore noise buffer of 30ft is the perfect way to reduce noise level along this road which will not only did the noise level along the road but also will increase the noise absorption capacity of the whole city.

BEFORE Typical plan for landscaped area under flyover

stretch-2: The stretch connect City from Delhi road to Jalandhar Road therefore experience noise not only during daytime but also at night, in addition to that the nature of land use make the area even more prone to noise pollution therefore it is important to provide noise buffer with thick vegetation of 30 ft along the stretch.

Proposal -A

Proposal -B

Providing the proper Road Infrastructure under the flyover for public and traffic movement will help with smooth flow which will reduce the traffic noise level along the roads

traffic signals Vehicles landscaped area existing tree

AFTER

PROPOSAL

stretch-3: this road is located along the major industrial area of the city 30 feat noise buffer along this road will not only reduce noise but will also act as a noise barrier for whole city. Railway Track : minimum 50 feet noise buffer should be maintained along the railway track crossing the city in order to reduce the vibrational impact on it's surrounding area up to 20 decibel

AFTER

BEFORE

stretch-1:according to the analysis conducted for Ludhiana bypass which is connecting the city from Chandigarh Delhi and Jalandhar it was found that it is the one of the most busiest flyovers of the city ongoing construction work and industrial transportation during night make the area more prone to high noise levels development of area under the flyover will increase the green cover with reduce noise up to 15dB stretch-2:the area under the flyover on this which will act as a filter for surrounding area from industrial noise pollution and can reduce noise level up to 5dB

Proposal -C

stretch-3:under the flyover redevelopment was needed for the overall movement of traffic in a smooth way in order to avoid noise pollution upt0 10dB.

AFTER

stretch-4: lack of open space and narrow Street make the old Ludhiana city heavy with noise level in order to overcome this solution problem area under the flyover can be used for landscaping which will increase the total noise absorption capacity of the city

R.F: 1:56,000

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

N Name Surabhi Sharma Map no. Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

INCREASING THE GREEN COVER OF THE CITY: Due to Rapid urbanization and industrialization there is a lack of green cover which contribute to reduction in the noise absorption capacity of the city in order to overcome this situation landscaping along the roads is provide. .

Roads

3 Railway line Effected area Proposal -A

4 Proposal -B

Proposal -C

RECOMMENDATION TO ENCOURAGE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION: The high dependency on the private vehicles disproportion increase of the landuses and areas under roads has created congestion, frequent delays and traffic problems in city roads which is the major cause of honking, thus creating noise pollution in the city.

Noise control measures from Traffic flows Roads Railway line Effected area Proposed route public bicycle sharing Proposed route For Public transport Traffic Lights

2 4 1 PROPOSAL

PROPOSAL

stretch-1: The surrounding area of the stretch consist of industrial activities therefore landscape that provides screening and vegetation release along with control on noise pollution.

Reduce Traffic Congestion by providing integrating street vendors into the Ludhiana city

stretch-2: The stretch is one of the major route of transportation for the city it is difficult to maintain trees at regular basis, in order to solve this problem use of native fast growing low maintenance vegetation should be provided on this stretch.

Make streets pedestrian and bike friendly.

Integrated Traffic Management Systems (IMS) Improve existing Public Transport

stretch-3: clearing unwanted vegetation and Planting of shrubs should be at higher densities initially to allow for natural attrition and to provide rapid canopy cover. stretch-4: The stretch is one of the major route of transportation for the city it is difficult to maintain trees at regular basis, in order to solve this problem use of native fast growing low maintenance vegetation should be provided on this stretch.

Visual concept of proposed landscape along the major roads of the city

Use of noise monitoring traffic light with proper Road Infrastructure such as no honking sign boards and demarcation of Silent Zone with use of noise barrier along the highway Reduce dependence on privately owned vehicles.

Public cycle sharing

stretch-5:Assisting with the integration of the stretch with the surrounding landuse activities. Providing mix of both native and exotic plants with shrubs .

Re-discover the Bicycle capital of the world

stretch-1: controlling weeds and clearing unwanted vegetation in addition to that identifying and protecting existing vegetation .along this stretch

Bicycle manufacturing hub of the world - Align with ‘’Make in India’’

stretch-2: defining the highway corridor, including avenues, boulevards and gateway/intersection markers in urban areas. adding height and variety to lower shrub planting to enhance visual quality with control on noise level up to 5dB.

Street lighting to ensure walkable environment

encouraging and promoting the concept of public bicycle sharing

encouraging citizens by campaigning Participation by citizens in biking culture

stretch-3: trees with large canopy and antitoxic properties are recommended on the stretch for screening and visual relief

A good bus shelter is a successful element for any from the system

Switch from diesel and petrol to electric and renewable sources as E-E-rickshaw.

stretch-4: the surrounding residential are must use green walls and roofs to filter noise from the flyover and highway. Tress with long-term vision should be provided.

Railway Track : minimum 50 feet noise buffer should be maintained along the railway track crossing the city in order to reduce the vibrational impact establishment requirements of the plants and the long-term vision for the area.

E-rickshaw

enforcement and implementation Management for industries in the city.

Visual concept of proposed green wall

Mobility

Reducing the number of cars during peak hours on road and Stress-free Commute, Health Improvement and Women Safety

Noise Monitoring Traffic lights

R.F: 1:56,000

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Session 2019-2020

N Name Surabhi Sharma Map no. Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban)

Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Use of Noise monitoring Traffic lights to reduce honking for Moti Nagar is located in the south-east region of the city with total area of 2.67sqKm. Covering the ward 15 and 16 of the city with total population of noise reduction in surrounding 52101 people approximately. Moti Nagar is mix of old and new construction with high population density. The proposal area given for selected area to reduce the noise level by various noise control measures at micro level. area.

Roads

Major Roads

Railway Track

Minor Roads

Vardhman Mills

Noise Buffer

Industrial Area

Redevelopment under flyover

Residential Area Proposed open space

Cycling track

Using rooftop gardening for residential area along the major roads of the city

Industrial Area Public/ semi Public Area

Smart bus stop Proposed open space

Trees

Proposal for maintenance of vacant land in the area

Tarrace Garden

B’

Transport Nagar Industrial Area- A Proposed open space

New Moti Nagar

Mission/Program/ Project/ Scheme

Noise Buffer Along roads

AMRUT – Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation

Redevelopment of area under Flyover

AMRUT – Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation

Integrating Street Vendors

NULM – National Urban Livelihood Mission

Mix Landuse Planning

Smart City mission

E-rickshaws

Smart City mission

Intelligent public transport Smart City mission

A Proposed open space

A’ Noise buffer along the Sherpur Rd. with pedestrian walkway and cycling track to improve the pedestrian experience.

Focal Point Phase IV-A

Sherpur

Using rooftop garden and façade control to reduce noise pollution from small scale industry

Use of noise buffer of 100ft of vegetation with noise buffer to reduce noise from trains.

Proposal

Traffic Light

Redevelopment of area under Flyover to upsurge the green cover which will help to increase noise absorption capacity of the area by reducing vibration from flyover and traffic

Noise control measures at micro Level

3m wide Footpath 9.5m wide service road

2m wide cycling track

Proposed area for mix-landuse zone with increasing FAR to increase the proximity for the neighbourhood

Use of noise buffer with thick vegetation to increase noise absorption from large scale industry

3m wide Footpath 4m wide Noise Buffer 10.5 m wide carriageway 2m wide cycling track 9.5m wide service road 10.5 m wide carriageway

2m wide Noise Buffer

Noise barrier along railway line and major roads of the city

AMRUT – Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation

Landscaping along the roads and railway line

AMRUT – Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation

Ban on loudspeakers

Punjab pollution control board

Façade Control

Ludhiana Municipal Corporation

Noise monitoring Traffic lights

Punjab pollution control board

Cycling track

AMRUT – Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation

Awareness campaigns

Punjab pollution control board

4m wide Footpath

1m wide Noise Buffer

10.5 m wide carriageway

4m wide Footpath

10.5 m wide carriageway

With in street parking

Section-A-A’: 60M Wide Jammu - Delhi Rd

NOISE IN THE CITY :CASE STUDY LUDHIANA GUD 681:THESIS

Section-B-B’: 30MChandigarh Rd Session 2019-2020

Name Surabhi Sharma Roll no. 2018SPB1811 Class M.Plan (Urban) Guru Ramdas School of Planning Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Sheet no.