The Wharf, Washington DC
SUSTAINABLE SITE PLANNING & LANDSCAPE
Storm Water Management K. VINEETHA 19171NB003
Public works dept., Massachusetts Amherst
DISCUSSION OUTLINE Contents Introduction Defining Stormwater Management Factors of Stormwater Management Instances of falling Stormwater Stormwater Pollution Importance of Stormwater Management Sustainable practices Environmental benefits
Inferences 19171NB003 | CONTENTS
Stormwater management in landscape architecture includesa broad range of applications and issues. It includes long-term regional planning
INTRODUCTION
concerning
land
areas
measured
in
square kilometers.
Stormwater is, in essence, just what is sounds like: water from a storm.
It also includes site design where land areas are more appropriately measured in square meters. At every level, stormwater management is the prediction and direction of the movementof stormwater runoff.
19171NB003 | Greenville County Soil and Water Conservation District, Time Saver Standards (Landscape)
TSS Landscape
Stormwater management is as much an art as a science, requiring judgement in the use of available data and application of calculations and techniques.
Stormwater is rainwater or melted snow that runs off streets, lawns and other sites. When stormwater is absorbed into soil, it is filtered and ultimately replenishes aquifers or flows into streams and rivers.
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
DEFINATION 19171NB003 | Time Saver Standards (Landscape), Environmental Protection Agency, USA
FACTORS
PRECIPITATION AND RUNOFF
Precipitation occurs as rainfall, snowfall, or mixtures of each. Snow and snow melt are not typically major factors in small watersheds.
WATERSHED CONDITIONS The Hydrological cycle
The
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE The hydrologic cycle is the global process
of
movement.
the The
earth's
water
energy
that
operates the system comes from the sun and the earth's gravity.
watershed
has
a
topographically
determined boundary, consisting of a line of ridges and saddle points that divides the land contributing runoff water to the particular point of concern, from areas that contribute runoff elsewhere. 19171NB003 | Time Saver Standards (Landscape)
USUALLY THERE ARE TWO INSTANCES: 1. In a natural landscape without development, stormwater is absorbed into the ground or falls into bodies of water. This gives needed water to plants and animals and replenishes reserves of surface and groundwater.
2. In
contrast,
stormwater
in
an
falls
urban
landscape,
onto
impervious
The Natural water cycle
Towards a more sustainable Urban water cycle
surfaces (surfaces that do not absorb water)
such
as
roads,
sidewalks,
rooftops, or parking lots and is not
The Urban water cycle
soaked up by the ground.
INSTANCES OF FALLING STORMWATER 19171NB003 | Greenville County Soil and Water Conservation District
STORMWATER POLLLUTION When it rains, some of the rainwater soaks into the ground, and part of it flows over the ground and directly into creeks, streams or rivers, known as stormwater runoff. Sometimes
this
stormwater
runoff
gets
polluted. Pollution is anything that harms natural resources, whether it is air, soil, or in this case, water. Sometimes the pollution is something that can be seen, like trash floating on top of the water. Other times it can’t be seen at all, like
What is Stormwater Pollution?
when motor oil from a car washes into a nearby creek.
19171NB003 | The Eastern Washington Stormwater Outreach project, muextension.missouri.edu/xplor/
EFFECTS OF POLLUTION Polluted stormwater runoff can have many adverse effects on plants, fish, animals and people. Sediment can cloud the water and make it difficult or impossible for aquatic plants to grow. Excess nutrients can cause algae blooms. When algae die, they sink to the bottom and decompose in a process that removes oxygen from the water. Making it difficult for the fish and other aquatic organisms to exist in water due to low dissolved oxygen levels. Land animals and people can become sick from eating diseased fish and shellfish or ingesting polluted water. Polluted stormwater often affects drinking water sources. This, in turn, can affect human health and increase drinking water treatment costs. 19171NB003 | The Eastern Washington Stormwater Outreach project
IMPORTANCE OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT MAINTAIN THE NATURAL
PREVENT AN INCREASED RISK OF
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
FLOODING
Without proper stormwater
Effective stormwater management helps to
management, infiltration can
keep flooding in check. Areas that
decrease reducing soil
embrace stormwater management have a
replenishment and groundwater
low risk of flooding and thus, less likely to
recharge. It is worth noting that
experience the negative effects of
soil moisture is essential in
flooding. Urban areas and other areas with
sustaining vegetation and the
less vegetation are likely to experience
reason it has a role to play in
flooding upon heavy downpours unless
maintaining the natural hydrologic
proper management techniques are used.
cycle. 19171NB003 | Consever Energy Future
PREVENT UNDESIRABLE
PROTECT WATER
STREAM EROSION
QUALITY
By reducing the speed and amount
Stormwater management plays a critical
of water running to the streams,
role in ensuring water
stormwater management helps to
quality. Contaminants such as grease, oil,
prevent excessive erosion. If
pesticides, metals, plastic and pesticides
stormwater is not managed, it can
from gardens and normal daily uses tend
cause excessive erosion that may
to build upon surfaces. If stormwater is not
prevent the stream from fulfilling
managed, it can carry the contaminants to
its normal function of conveying
water sources such as streams, lakes,
water and sediment.
oceans, and even groundwater.
19171NB003 | Consever Energy Future
SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
19171NB003 | Global Designing Cities Initiative: Green Infrastructure and Stormwater Management
SWALE
RAIN GARDEN
PERMEABLE PAVING
Swales carry water like pipes
Rain
a
Permeable
paving
and are designed as shallow,
special soil filter media that
rainfall to
move through
open,
to
can remove pollutants from
the pavement to the soil
remove
road runoff. Configure plant
beneath and provide water
an
and soil filtration systems
to landscape areas nearby.
piped
as garden beds or street
Alternate
drainage system where space
tree pits such that they are
permeable
and grade is available. Water
designed
treat
reduce stormwater runoff
moves horizontally along the
stormwater
Rain
and
surface
gardens
convey
planted runoff
pollutants. alternative
or
channels and
They to
in
are a
subsurface
gardens
have
to
with
pavement
recharge
the
to
water
table. These may be in the
bio-retention systems, flat
form of block pavers with
flow and trap sediments to
bio-swales,
infiltration
improve the water quality.
planters, or pervious strips.
Swales
slow
water
also
surfaces
called
layers.
are
runoff.
allows
flow-through
gaps
between
pavers.
19171NB003 | Global Designing Cities Initiative: Green Infrastructure and Stormwater Management
STREET TREES AND
TREE PIT AND SOIL
PLANTING
VOLUME
Trees provide shade and cool
Continuous
the air, benefitting the comfort
increase
of people using the street. While
surface area and provide
areas
designing, find opportunities for
more space for tree roots.
provides irrigation to the
plants
the
Ensure
plants
the
area,
and
trees
streetscape
to
within reduce
the
soil
hydration
surface.Plant
Coordinate
in
green
growth
volumes,
and
Directing stormwater to the surface
of and and
stormwater
landscaped tree
pits
reduces runoff
into
for
trees.
local drains and citywide
tree
planting
systems. Passive irrigation
strips, parking bays, and rain
with
infrastructure
is one of the simpler and
gardens.
elements to avoid conflict,
easier ways to incorporate
stock and appropriate planting
particularly
water-sensitive design.
techniques
transportation and utilities.
High-quality are
vital
plant to
the
other
pits
plantable
sufficient
amount of hard, impermeable trees
tree
PASSIVE IRRIGATION
with
success of any planting.
19171NB003 | Global Designing Cities Initiative: Green Infrastructure and Stormwater Management
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS Water conservation and reduction of pesticides and fertilizers entering stormwater. Reduction of toxic contaminants entering stormwater. Improved air quality, but also reduction of oil and grease, metals and other contaminants. Reduction in oxygen demanding substances, nutrients and bacteria entering stormwater. Reduction in sediment and many associated contaminants entering stormwater.
19171NB003 | muextension.missouri.edu/xplor/
INFERENCES AS ARCHITECTS AND
REFERENCES 1.
ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGNERS WE NEED STORMWATER MANAGEMENT TO Bridge the gap between aesthetically pleasing site design and the functionality of the landscape. Accentuate the movement of water as it falls and flows through the site Enhance existing projects.
GREENVILLE COUNTY SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT
2.
TIME SAVER STANDARDS (LANDSCAPE)
3.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, USA
4.
THE EASTERN WASHINGTON STORMWATER OUTREACH PROJECT,
5. MUEXTENSION.MISSOURI.EDU/XPLOR 6.
CONSEVER ENERGY FUTURE
7.
GLOBAL DESIGNING CITIES INITIATIVE: GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE AND STORMWATER MANAGEMENT