Literature Study of Neighbourhood Planning

NEIGHBORHOOD PLANNING and its CONCEPT?

NEIGHBORHOOD?

It is an American concept , ONE IS PLANNING FOR SOCIETY NOT FOR AGGREGATE HOUSE

It is an important organ of urban life in which people live together and independently.

“The neighborhood planning is an attempt to form various physical units of residential areas in which people belongs to a particular rank of life settles and stay together”.

NEIGHBORHOOD DESIGN?

How we can shape the layout and use of different buildings, streets and natural spaces to create communities that are connected.

By creating places which are

WALKABLE

SUSTAINABLE

SOCIAL AND LIVABLE

increase the quality of life for residents of all ages and incomes.

So that, it can attract NEW PEOPLE, NEW BUSINESS and ultimately improve the living of standard We have FOUR basic elements of NEIGHBORHOOD PLANNING SIZE OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD HIERERCHICAL STRUCTURE OF NEIGHBORHOOD

LAYOUT OF ROAD SYSTEM

FACILITIES

HARSH AGRAWAL 18ARB564 | SANA BI 18ARB573 | RUSHDA FATIMA 18ARB555

L I T E R A T U R E S T U D Y

FOUR LEVELS of NEIGHBORHOOD REQUIREMENTS FACE BLOCK 1- It is a smallest unit.

2- Cluster of several small houses.

3- Shared local facilities.

4- Mainly for LOW INCOME GROUP

RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOOD 1- Larger than FACE BLOCK. 2- Cluster of several FACE BLOCK. 3- Shared similar housing values of people with same income and life cycle.

4- Parks, small retail stores, elementary school and stores serves daily need products.

5- Mainly for MEDIUM INCOME GROUP

INSTITUTIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD 1- Larger than RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOOD 2- It includes schools , health centres, recreational and social facilities and

.

shopping centres

COMMUNITY NEIGHBORHOOD 1- It is a cluster which serves HIGH ORDER SERVICES. 2- LIKE- Offices, cultural centres, colleges, big malls.

3- Mainly for HIGH INCOME GROUPS

PRINCIPLES OF NEIGHBORHOOD PLANNING • NATURAL AREASUse of existing natural land Every neighborhood contains natural open space • MIXED LAND USEAll citizens can have a easy access to daily basic needs.

• PARKS AND COMMUNITY SPACESCreate formal and informal gathering spaces.

• HIERARCHY OF ROADSProper network of main roads and streets.

• HOUSING OPPORTUNITY AND CHOICEDifferent types of houses affordable to each income group of people.

• SAFE AND SECURE NEIGHBORHOOD • NEIGHBORHOOD WITH ITS UNIQUE IDENTITY

MIXED LAND USES • Each neighborhood has a mix of land uses and densities that provide options to live, learn, work, and play.

• More intensive land uses are connected and focused around transit, alternative transportation modes and parks.

• All citizens can easily access daily shopping and recreational needs in their neighborhood regardless of mode choice.

Standards

• Type of land uses - mix and integration • Transition between land uses • Creating nodes of activity • Community Amenity Sites • Built Form

STREETS AND BLOCKS

MULTI MODAL CHOICE Each neighborhood offers real mobility choices for residents to travel to, from and within the neighborhood. Streets and trails are well connected to encourage active modes of travel.

Traffic and parking are reduced and do not dominate the neighborhood.

Standards • Street network layout • Trail network layout • Connectivity of streets • Connectivity of trails • Street design • Parking • Active transportation • Access

WALKABILITY

TRAIL

TRANSIT

CYCLING

ACCESS

STREET DESIGN

BASIC AMENITIES

Education Facilities

• School • Multi-Speciality Hospital • Workplaces (IT Offices, Professional Offices, others) • Shopping Centre • Restaurants • Banks / ATMs • Gymkhana / Sports Facility • Cultural Assembly Space • Security Checkpoints • City-level Public Parks • Auto Stands / Bus Stands / Transit Interchange Point

S. No. 1 2

3

CATEGORY

STUDENT POPULATION STRENGTH SERVED PER UNIT 2500

Pre Primary, Nursery School Primary School (cla 500 ss I to V)

Senior Secondary School (VI to XII)

1000

1

Convenience Shopping

2

Local shopping including service centre

NO. OTHER CONTROLS 2

5000 (NBC, 2005) Area per School = 1 0.40 Ha a) School buildin g area = 0.20 H a b)Playfield Area = 0.20 Ha 7500 Area per School = 1-2 1.80 Ha (NBC, 2 005) a) School building a rea = 0.60 Ha b) Playfield Area = 1 .00 Ha c) Parking Area = 0.

20 Ha

Commercial Activities S. CATEGORY No.

AREA REQUIREMENT 0.08 ha

To be located near a park Playfield area with a minimum o f 18 m x 36 m to be ensured for effective play

Playfield area with a minimum o f 68 m x 126 m to be ensured for effective play

Socio-cultural Facilities POPULATIO LAND N SERVED AREA PER UNIT REQUIRE MENT 5000 1500 sqm 15000

4,600 sq m

AREA NUMBER PER 1000 OF SHOPS PERSONS sq.m.

220 1 for 110 persons 300 1 for 200 persons

S. No.

CATEGORY

1

POPULATION SERVED PER UNIT

AREA REQUIREMENT

NO.

Anganwadi 5000 Housing area/cluster

200-300 sqm

1

2

Community Room

5000

750 sqm (NBC)

1

3

Religious Facility

5000

400 sqm

1

Healthcare Facilities S. CATEGORY No.

No. OF BEDS

1

---

Dispensary

Hierarchy of Organised Green POPULATION SERVED PER UNIT 15000

AREA NO. REQUIREMENT

Recreational space, Organised green ,

PLANNING UNIT Housing cluster / Neighbourhood

NO. OF ORGANISED SPACES 3 - 4 local parks and playgrounds

3

Community

2-3 community level park and open space

0.08 to 0.12 Ha 1

Open Spaces OPEN SPACES

S. No. 1

S. CATEGORY No .

1 In open plain area

S. ORGANISED CATEGORY No. GREEN SPACE NORMS 1 For Plain Housing Area P Areas ark Neighbourhood park

AREA REQUIREMENT per PERSON 10-12 sqm

Sports Facilities S. No. 1 2

CATEGORY Residential unit play area Neighbourhood Play area

POPULATION LAND AREA SERVED PER REQUIREME UNIT NT 5000

0.50

15000

1.00

Open Spaces POPULATION LAND AREA SERVED PER UNIT REQUIREMENT 5000 5000 sqm 15000

1.50 ha

S. No. CATEGORY

1

POPULATION NO. SERVED PER UNIT 5000-15000 1

4 5 6 7

Local shopping including service centre Post office counter without delivery Bank with extension counters with A TM facility Floor area for counters Floor are for ATM Milk Distribution 5000 Police booth

8

Sub fire station/ Fire Post

2 3

1

AREA PER UNIT

4600 sqm 85 sqm

1 1 1 1 At major Intersections

75 sqm 6 sqm 150 sqm 10-12 sqm .60

LOCAL PROBLEMS FACED IN CITY

SOLUTIONS

Unemployment Job opportunities

Provide job in offices, shops , hotels, Do trading etc.

Absence of large and skilled labour Poor education system

Provide education to children's of all income groups , do different workshops so people with their interest can be skilled.

Poverty

Do farming and give education to their children's

Lack of security Crime

Police stations , helpline-booth, street lights, public spaces like parks etc.

Inequality

By providing equal opportunities according to their talent and give freedom to put their comments on social platform.

Poor health

Provide hospitals , medical stores

Poor transportation Accidents

Minimize traffic , provide traffic lights, minimize conflict points ,provide pathways, speed control system ,improve road network, parking space with its symbols, road signage ,subways, bridges, zebra crossing etc.

Poor environment

Parks ,water bodies, sustainable materials, solar panels, green belts, green walls, trees according to region, maximum Use of cycles and walking distance.

High traffic

Provide cable trains, cable buses and for high traffic make subways for use of cars and trucks.

TRANSPORTATION STANDARDS

Design speed and space standards

Hierarchy of roads Expressway

Arterial Road

Sub Arterial Road

Distributor/Collector Roads

S N O.

ROAD TYPE

Design Speed (km/h)

Space Standards (m)

Division of lane

Width of each car lane (m)

Width of each Bus lane (m)

1

Urban Expressway

80

50-60

Minimum 6 lanes

3.0 to 3.5m width each

3.5m

2

Arterial Road

50

50-80

Minimum 6 lanes

3.0 to 3.5m width each

3.5m

3

Sub Arterial Road

50

30-50

Minimum 4 lanes

3.0 to 3.5m width each

3.5m

4

Distributor/ Collector Roads

30

12-30

Maximum 4 lanes of 3.0m width /2 l anes of 3.0 to 3.3 m width each

2 lanes of 3.0 to 3.5m width each

Mixed traffic

5

Local Street

10-20

12-20

1 to 2 lanes, (undivided)

2.75 to 3.0m width each

Not required

6

Access Stree t

15

6-15

1 to 2 lanes, (undivided)/ of 2.75 to 3m width each

2.75 to 3.0m width each

Not required

Local Street

Access Street NOTE :

NO Road should have TWO different road levels without a proper median or a separator.

CYCLE TRACKS S.NO.

Arterial Roads

Sub Arterial Roads

Distributary Roads

Access Roads

1

Non- Motorized Vehicle

Segregated Cycle Track

Segregated Cycle Track

Cycle Lane

Mixed \traffic

2

Location

B/W Carriageway or street p arking and footpath on either edge of the carriageway

Between Carriageway or street parking and footpath on either edge of the carriageway

On the edge of the c arriageway, adjacent to the footpath or parking.

Not Applicable

3

Lane width

2.2 to 5.0m

2.2 to 5.0m

1.5 to 2.5m

Mixed with motorized v ehicular traffic

4

Minimum Width

2.5 for a two lane cycle track and 1.9m for a common cycle track and Footpath

2.0 for a two lane cycle track and 1.7m for a common cycle track and footpath

1.5m

1m (painted)

Footpath The width of footpaths depends upon the expected pedestrian traffic and may be fixed with the help of the following norms subjected to not be less than 1.8m.

Required width of footpath as per adjacent land use:

Accessibility of Public Transport

S.NO.

DESCRIPTION

WIDTH

1

Minimum free walkway width and residenti al/mixed use areas

1.8

S.NO.

TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

DISTANCE

2

Commercial/Mixed Use Areas

2.5

1

Rail Station including metros, monorail, light rail

3

Shopping Frontages

3.5-4.5

800 meters or 5 minutes walking distance

2

Bus stops

400 m

4

Bus Stops

3

5

High Intensity Commercial Areas

4

3

Intermediate Public Transport

400 m

SPACE STANDARDS FOR PARKING

Parking Equivalent Car Space (ECS) for different vehicles

S.NO.

VEHICLE TYPE

ECS

1

Car/tax

1.00

2

Two wheeler

0.25

3

Auto rickshaw

0.50

4

Bicycle

0.10

5

Trucks/buses

2.5

6

Emergency vehicles

2.5

7

Rickshaw

0.8

S.NO.

TYPE OF PARKING

AREA IN SQM PER ECS

1

Open

23

2

Ground Floor covered

28

3

Basement

32

4

Multi-Level with Ramps

30

5

Automated Multilevel with lifts

16

BUS TERMINALS FUNCTION

Recommended ECS based on land use type

S.NO.

LAND USE

PARKING STANDARDS

1

Residential

2.0 ECS/100 sq-m built up area

2

Commercial Centers

2 ECS / 100 sq-m of floor area

3

Socio - Cultural Facilities

2 ECS / 100 Sq-m of floor area

4

Public- Semi Public

2 ECS / 100 Sq-m of floor area

5

Mixed Land use

A) To provide necessary facilities to vehicles and passengers for their smooth flow.

B) To create seamless connectivity, the bus terminal should also have other modes of transportation.

TRAIN

METRO PEDESTRAIN

BICYCLE PRIVATE CARS

A) Centre of neighborhood with the high density mixed use activities.

LOCATION

B) To provide safe and attractive place at all time it should have -

Parking @ 2.0 ECS per 100 sq-m built up area

RESIDENTIAL HOUSING

OFFICES

SHOPPING COMPLEXES

RESTAURANT,ETC

LAND USE ZONES

2) Based on abutting road widths

1- MEANS OF ACCESS

• Front Setbacks : For buildings upto a maximum height of 7 m Residential Buildings

PLOT REQUIREMENT REGULATIONS

1- Means of access 2- Setbacks 3- Area and height-limitations 4- Activities permissible in open area 5- Distance from Electric lines

SIMPLIFIED DEVELOPMENT PROMOTION REGULATIONS

Sr. No.

Width of Means Of Access (m)

1.

6.0

Length of means of Access (m) 75

2.

7.5

150

3.

9.0

250

4.

12.0

400

5.

18.0

1000

6.

24.0

Above 1000

Sr. No. 1 2 3 4

Front Setback (m) 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0

Width of Street fronting the Plot Up to 7.5 7.5 to 18 18 to 30 Above 30

• Rear and Side setback for building height upto 10 m • Rear setback: mini 1.8 m • Side setback: For detached buildings: Minimum 3m on both sides, For semi-detached buildings: Minimum 3 m on one side, For row type buildings: No side setback is required.

• Rear and Side setback for building height above 10 m

Other Buildings Sr. No.

1- Residential use zone 2- Commercial 3- Public and semi public

1.

2.

3.

4.

Width of Means Length of of Access (m) Means of Access (m) 12.0 200 15.0 400 18.0 600 24.0 Above 600

2- SETBACKS The setbacks in a building layout are provided subject to requirements of building height, the ventilation and fire safety requirements. Setbacks can be provided in two ways, i.e. ; 1) Based on plot sizes Sr. no.

Plot Size (in sqm)

Front

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Upto 60 Above 60 and upto 150 Above 150 & upto 300 Above 300 & upto 500 Above 500 & upto 1000 Above 1000 & upto 2000 Above 2000 & upto 4000

0 3 3 3 6 9 9

Plains 0 0 3 3 3 3 6

Rear Hill towns 2 2 3 3 3 3 6

Side

Side

0 0 0 3 3 3 6

1.5 1.5 1.5 3 3 3 6

3- Area and height-limitations

The limitation of area and height of buildings shall be specified in terms of Floor Area Ratio (FAR).

SIMPLIFIED DEVELOPMENT PROMOTION REGULATIONS COMMERCIAL

Norms for public and semi-public uses

1 1

2

SIMPLIFIED DEVELOPMENT PROMOTION REGULATIONS 1- Residential use zone

2 3

Plotted Housing

Socio Cultural use zone

3.

4.

Group Housing

THANK YOU *URDPFI Guidelines VOL (I-2014) *URDPFI Guidelines VOL (IIA-IIB-2014) *Neighborhood Planning Theory, Guidelines, and Research: Can Area, Population, and Boundary Guide Conceptual Framing?

Yunmi Park and George O. Rogers *THE CITY OF RED DEER NEIGHBORHOOD PLANNING AND DESIGN STANDRDS https://youtu.be/q9F2xUTgWdo https://youtu.be/q9F2xUTgWdo https://youtu.be/EglOXfVeX5w https://youtu.be/g9-9CxCxrVE https://youtu.be/Ywrag8amNsU

HARSH AGRAWAL 18ARB564 | SANA BI 18ARB573 | RUSHDA FATIMA 18ARB555