Student Portfolio
A R C H 4 7 3 / 3 5 2 2 - D I G I TA L D E S I G N S T U D I O A N D W O R K S H O P Zeina Riad Fall 2020
The American University in Cairo (AUC) School of Sciences and Engineering - Department of Architecture ARCH 473/3522 - Digital Design Studio and Workshop (Spring 2019) Student portfolio documenting samples of work submitted along the course, including research, experimentation, 3D modeling, digital fabrication, parametric design and modeling, physical model realisation and analysis. Student name: Zeina Riad Student ID: 900170354
Š The American University in Cairo (AUC), October 2020
Zeina Riad
I’m a senior Architectural Engineering student at the American University in Cairo during the pandemic of corona virus. Although this was one of the most challenging and demanding semesters I had to go through I now get the chance to truly reflect on all the work I produced throughout the semester and thus can truly say that despite all that we went through I have learned a lot during this semester. This course was very challenging at the beginning ,because we were asked to use rhino as our medium when most of the times we only used revit, photoshop and autocad. However with some practice and will I now can easily use it. We also got introduced to a new program, Grasshopper that I truly find useful and helpful. This course not only helped gain new les-
sons but also helped me in completing the work of other courses. For instance, in some of the courses I was required to design a frame truss and with the help of grasshopper I was able to do it easily.
Table of Contents
01 Project 1 Mobile Shelter for the Homeless
02
Project 2-Phase 1 The Blank Facade Canvas
03
Project 2-Phase 11 The Parametric Facelift
Final 3d model of the Shelter.
01 Project 1 Mobile Shelter for the Homeless
2
Location
Environmental Analysis
Suez Governorate • • • •
Governorate located in north-eastern Egypt Total population of 738.000 The governorate’s 5 districts: Suez,Al-Arbaen,Ataqa,Faisal,Al-Ganayen The governorate’s 5 ports: El-Sokhna Port, Tewfiq Port, Adabiya Port & Petrol Basin Port, Ataqa Fishing Port
Natural Resources LIMESTONE
COAL
DOLOMITE Portfolio
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Site Selection
Choice of a land plot near services,such as schools,hospitals, sports clubs & police station • land plot=25mx45m-->1125
Who is the User Group? The Shelter is designed to accomodate HOMELESS PEOPLE as studies show that homelessness in Egypt is an alarming social issue that’s affecting 12 million people nationwide,including 3 million street children according to UNICEF in Egypt.
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Inspiration
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SHELL DEVELOPMENT & LAYERING Shell is coiled in a spiral pattern around a central axis (columella)
Communal space --> open,exposed to everyone just like the outer shell thats exposed to everything and provides protection
OUTERMOST PERIOSTRACUM -resistant to abrasion & provides most shell coloration that is ussed as a defense in terms of camouflage
Commercial space--> Such as the central calcareous tracum the commercial space is the central space that provide people witth essentials
CENTRAL CALCAREOUS TRACUM -is of calcium carbonate -shell is coiled in a spiral pattern around a central axis
Residential space--> private ,no openings for privacy and to reflect the smoothness
INNER LAYER -smooth layer,body of the snail -produces calcium
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01
Reflectivity Reflective shells --> reflect 90% of visible solar radiation and 95% of infrared radiation
03 02
Heat Flow Curvature of shell and air gaps at the bottom ensure minimal contact with ground, acting as a barrier against heat conduction
Self shading The shell provides the snail with shade that extends beyond its actual size as its lifted off the ground
04
Evaporative Cooling snails absorb & stores water at night by sucking up moisture from the soil & then release it through evaporation during the day when temp. increases
ADAPTABILITY
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Design Approach Inspired by the different layers the snails shell have and the different properties of each layer , zoning of the different spaces inside the shelter was developed to meet the needs of the users.
All zones on street level in order to preserve their way of living, everything is connected
Curved roofing for environmental reasons and because of the inspiration
Dominant,subdominant structures and open to private structures to translate the idea of layering and development
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7 TRANSLATION OF LAYERING IN TERMS OF FUNCTION REQUIREMENTS AND PROPERTIES
SELF SHADING
CURVED ROOF --> HEAT IS SPREAD OVER LARGER AREA ,PERFORATIONS TO DIFFUSE LIGHT INSIDE
REFLECTIVITY
PRIVATE 1.Open --> welcoming 2.“outermost layer” --> dominant structure to provide shade for the other structures 3.Light structure --> light for activities
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2.SEMI OPEN --> moderate light 2. “central layer”--> open so it would have the same effect of being central ( its visible from all areas ) and its the structure that provides the entrance
1.PRIVATE--> Small openings 2.“Smooth layer” --> textue very smooth (white surface)
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MODELLING
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Trials
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DEVELOPED MODEL
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PLAN 1:100 Portfolio
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15 PLAY IN HEIGHTS --> COMMUNAL SPACE DIFFERENT EXPERIENCES
SECTION A-A 1:100
Section A-A 1:100
BOTH CURVED STRUCTURES COME TOHGETHER TO SHAPE THIS ENTRANCE PATHWAY
SECTION B-B 1:100
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Elevations
Front Elevation
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Back Elevation
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Right Elevation
Left Elevation ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
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Fabrication
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Laser cut
3d Printing
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01
The fabrication process was new to me ,however I found it very useful in terms of learning new techniques and ways to fabricate models other than just going for laser cutting all the time. Regarding this design the dominant shed was chosen to be fabricated by laser cutting while the whole other structures using 3d printing.
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FINAL OUTCOME 20
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ACCORDING TO FEEDBACK ADJUSTMENTS
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CORRECTED PLAN
A DOMINANT, OPEN COMMUNAL SPACE --> WELCOMING,MAXIMUM WITH LIGHT FOR ACTIVITIES
COMMUNALL ZONE
B
SEE THROUGH COMMERCIAL SPACE
ROOM 1
COMMERCIAL ZONE
RESIDENTIAL ZONE ROOM 2
ROOM 3
A
ENTRANCE GATE BY AN EXTENDED SHAADING DEVICE
B RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL AREA OVERLOOKING THE VIEW
CIRCULATION
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23 CORRECTED SECTIONS
SECTION A-A
SECTION B-B
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SHADED SPACES
SHADED COMMUNAL SPACE
EXTENDED OPEN SPACE BY THE ENTRANCE
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Fabrication
01
02
Laser cut
3d Printing
02
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01
The fabrication process was new to me ,however I found it very useful in terms of learning new techniques and ways to fabricate models other than just going for laser cutting all the time. Regarding this design the dominant shed was chosen to be fabricated by laser cutting while the whole other structures using 3d printing.
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Curves in different directions were the main focus of the following trials.
02 Project 11 The Blank Facade Canvas
Fabric Forming
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WHAT IS IT?
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:
Its a building technology that involves the use of STRUCTURAL MEMBRANES as the main facing material.
The first appearance can be attributed to Gustav Lilienthal. Lilienthal led the invention of a fabric-formed suspended floor,patented in the usa in 1899. ]This floor feautured an impermeable fabric or paper draped over parallel beams,on top of which wire netting was placed before pouring in successive layers. After the work of Miguel Fisac that the true architectural potential of fabric formwork was revealed; Fisac, a Spanish architect, developed and patented a method for fabric forming prefabricated wall panels.
MATERIAL PROPERTIES: 01
02
FLEXIBLE
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CLEAN
GREEN
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INEXPENSIVE
WHAT IS IT USED FOR? 01
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FRAMEWORK
SINKS
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FURNITURE
COLUMNS
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ACCESSORIES
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PRECEDENT:
The first appearance can be attributed to Gustav Lilienthal. Lilienthal led the invention of a fabric-formed suspended floor,patented in the usa in 1899. ]This floor feautured an impermeable fabric or paper draped over parallel beams,on top of which wire netting was placed before pouring in successive layers. After the work of Miguel Fisac that the true architectural potential of fabric formwork was revealed; Fisac, a Spanish architect, developed and patented a method for fabric forming prefabricated wall panels.
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Elevations
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APPROACH: Curves in different directions were created with the help of complementary materials to examine the properties of the peak point
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MATERIAL EXPLORATION TRIAL 1
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TRIAL 2
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MATERIAL EXPLORATION TRIAL 3
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TRIAL 4
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MATERIAL EXPLORATION
TRIAL 5 MATERIAL EXPLORATION TRIAL 3 INTENTION In this trial I wanted the gypsum to take the shape of the material
FINAL OUTCOME
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FEEDBACK -Think of a way to create voids.
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LESSONS LEARNT
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MAIN PRICIPLES LEARNT:
BUILDING ON THIS:
Can was used as a supplementary formwork from underneath. 1 Its used as a support to create the hill shaped form SUPPLEMENTARY FORMOWRK
2 It creates a hollow underneath the form to decrease the amount of material needed
Previous Experimentations show that the minumum Thickness of the peak point should be 1 cm so that it doesnt break.
Thickness of the material is varying,because of the pressure applied by the can creating the peak point of the curve.
PRESSURE
In the next trials smaller vertical supplementary formwork were used both to support and at the same time create voids.
VARIOUS WAYS TO END THE FORM WITH : One of the trials shows that when 1 points are xated to the box --> the form has a more exible/curvy end
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While in the other trial the points were xed on the ground so that a straight end was created
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FINAL SUBMISSION TRIAL 6 FORMWORK:
INTENTION: In this trial the intention was to create voids in the hill shaped form.
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DERIVED PARAMETERS:
MIXTURE USED: 2/3 ratio
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FINAL OUTCOME
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DERIVED PARAMETERS:
SUPPLEMENTARY FORMWORK FOR SUPPORT &VOIDS: SMALLER VERTICAL ELEMENTS WERE USED TO SUPPORT & CREATE VOIDS PRESSURE APPLIED BY A CAN THAT IS 13.5 CM HIGH AND HAS A DIAMETER OF 5 CM
MINUMUM DISTANCE 2CM BETWEEN VOIDS OR OTHERWISE IT WILL BREAK
MINUMUM THICKNESS OF 1CM
2 DIFFERENT TEXTURES: DUE TO THE RANDOM NATURE OF THE FABRIC CREASING,MULTIPLE INTERESTING , CREASING PATTERNS WERE CREATED
THE OTHER SIDE OF THE FORM HAS TAKEN THE DIRECTIONALITY OF THE POURING INSTEAD
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FINAL OUTCOME
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REFLECTION: THIS TRIAL WAS VERY HELPFUL REGARDING COMING UP WITH A MINMUM THICKNESS FOR THE MAXIMUM POINT OF THE CURVE.
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TRIAL 7 FORMWORK:
INTENTION:
MIXTURE USED:
In this trial the intention was to create voids using an irregular form as stones.
2/3 ratio
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FINAL OUTCOME
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DERIVED PARAMETERS:
DISTANCE BETWEEN STONES SHOULD EXCEED THE 2 CM SO IT DOESNT BREAK
THE FORM TOOK THE INTERESTING PATTERN OF THE FABRIC
DIFFERENT SIZED STONES WERE USED AS A SUPPORT UNDERNEATH THE FABRIC AND GYPSUM WAS POURED ABOVE IT IRREGULAR VOIDS WITH INTERESTING CREASES WERE CREATED
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FINAL OUTCOME
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REFLECTION: THIS TRIAL WAS VERY HELPFUL WHEN HAVING TO COME UP WITH IRREGULAR VOIDS AND SHAPES INSTEAD OF LINEAR ONES.
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TRIAL 8
THE FORM TOOK THE INTERESTING PATTERN OF THE FABRIC
2 DIFFERENT CURVES WITH 2 DIFFEERNT SIZES WERE CREATED
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INTENTION: LEARN MORW ABOUT THE PROPERTIES WHEN WANTING TO CREATE CURVES
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FINAL OUTCOME
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REFLECTION: THIS TRIAL WAS VERY HELPFUL WHEN WANTING TO COME UP WITH DIFFERENT CURVES FOLLOWING EACH OTHER
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exploring and parametrically generate a prototype for a building facade skin that takes into consideration issues of environmental omfort, spatial relations and human aspects using passive approach
02 Project 111 The Parametric Facelift
SITE
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LOCATION
The building chosen is Bloom Bnak Egypt SAE-Main Branch,South Tesseen Rd, New Cairo. The main facade of the building is a South/Southwest orientation and thus The aim of the project is to devise an appropriate envelope that provides adequate shading and sun protection.
USER GROUP EMPLOYEES The main user group are the bank employees which are always present during the banks operation hours. Needs: -offices -cafeteria -toilets
CUSTOMERS The second important user group is the customers that come to the bank for specific concerns. Needs: -waiting areas -tolets - cafetria
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ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 27.5 °C | 81.5 °F. January has the lowest average temperature of the year. It is 12.5 °C | 54.5 °F.
Prevailing Winds are mainly from Northwest, while secondary Winds come from North/North-East.The wind speed is approximately 3.8m/s. Humidity varies between 30-70% which lies in the comfort zone.
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Sun shading is essential in southern,eastern and western facade from November till June where the peak reaches its maximum exposure in June.
The variation in the precipitation between the driest and wettest months is 7 mm | 0 inch. During the year, the average temperatures vary by 15.0 °C | 59.0 °F. ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
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warm air drawn into the chimney and rises pulling cool fresh air into the building
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TRIAL 8
D E S I G N
double wall fresh air insi
fresh air ows through th heat from equipment as i solar chimney creating a c
DIFFUSED S
C O N C E P T
VOIDS AS CONNECTORS RANDOMNESS NEGATIVE SPACES PATTERN REPITION
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CONNECTING
ADAPTING
The aim behind my d building an identity t surrrounding building from that I want my b street so that peopel connected and empo happening around th be emp empowering it mu This is achieved by ha different voids sizes w the building allowing to connect with the o building. Chapter name EMPOWERING
VENTILATION
FINAL OUTCOME
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allows outdoor ide
he workspace collecting it moves towards the cooling eect
SUNLIGHT
design would be to give the that is dierent than the gs along the teseeen road. Apart building to be connected to the inside the building would feel owered knowing everything hem. Hence in order for a place to ust t also respond to users needs. aving random shapes with within the double skin facade of g sun to penetrate inside, people outside world and to ventilate the ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
RANDOM
FACADE EXAMPLE
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FIRST TRIAL
Light penetration insise the building creating interesting spaces
openings owards winds direction
IDEA
The idea of recesses and protrusions was taken into consideration in this design. Triangular panels that open and close according to sun movement were designd to sufficiently meet the requirements.
comfortable outdoor social space
LARGER OPENINGS IN PUBLIC SPACES SMALLER OPENINGS IN
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PRIVATE SPACES
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2ND SUBMISSION
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SECOND TRIAL IDEA The random shapd openings were taken into consideration in this design . Rsandom openings were generated to fdiffuse light inside and ventilate the building.
DIFFUSES SUNLIGHT INSIDE THE BUILDING
Light penetration insise the building creating interesting spaces
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THE VORONOI CONCEPT
IDEA The idea was derived from the extracted pattern found in project 1 . Protruded lines with recessed voids that open and close according to the sun direction
INTERIOR SPATIAL CONFIGURATION
SIZE OF VOIDS BECOME SMALLER AS WE MOVE FROM PRIVATE TO PUBLIC AREAS
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Panel movement according to the sun
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2 LAYERS FOR VENTILATION
Recesses and protrusions can be used as reading seating areas
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SCRIPT
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PREFINAL SUBMISSION
PROJECT 1 FINAL OUTCOME
IDEA:
The aim behind my design is to give the building an identity that is different than the surrounding buildings along the teseen road. Apart from that I want my building to be connecting so people would always know whats happening around them. Hence in order for a place to be empowering it must also respond to users needs. This will be achieved by having random shaped voids within the skin facade of the building that would allow sun to penetrate inside the building, people to connect and to ventilate the building.
1 RANDOMNESS 2
3 ADAPTING
CONNECTING
ADAPTATION CONCEPTS:
PROTRUDED LINES AND RECESSED LINES CRE INTERESTING CREASES
EXTRACTED CONCEPT:
PROTRUDED LINES AND RECESSED LINES CREATE IRREGULAR VOIDS WITH INTERESTING CREASES
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TRIALS THAT LED TO THE FINAL IDEA 1
IDEA:
The idea of recesses and protrusions was taken into consideration in this design.
FAILURE:
It was very static and the idea of randomness wasnt very clear
2
EATE IRREGULAR VOIDS WITH
IDEA:
The random shaped openings were taken into consideration in this design. Random openings were generated to diuse light inside and ventilate the building.
FAILURE:
It was very static and the idea of randomness wasnt very clear
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PROCESS WHY THE VORONOI CONCEPT? The voronoi was used to divide the facade in an organic random way. The point was to create different cells sizes that open and close according to the sun movement. Apart from that protrusions and recesses were integrated to serve some functional ideas.
Panelling movement according to the sun:
The voids of the panels become bigger as the sun moves away in order to provide people inside the building the desired comfortable environment.
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PROTRUDED TO THE OUTSIDE
PROTRUDED TO THE INSIDE
LIGHT COLOR-WHITE TO REFLECT THE SUN LIGHT
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Proposed idea for the interior patial connguration:
1 Visual Connectivity by
having the slabs recessed on each oor
VENTILATION
Formal.quiet working spaces
2 The slab of the 3rd
oor was removed to create a dierent double height experience
Lounge,more active space
working area
3 The skin facade is extended to the ground to create an interesting open social space
Open connecting interactive space
4 From the inside panels can be used as seating areas
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SHADE AND SHADOW:
INTERESTING PATTERN CREATED ON THE WALL
SHADED OPEN SPACE THAT CONNECTS BETWEEEN THE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE
THE DOUBLE HEIGHT FLOOR ALLOWS THE INTERESTING PLAY OF LIGHT TO COVER UP THE WHOLE FLOOR AREA OF THE INTERACTIVE SPACE
SEATING AREA
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SCRIPT:
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FINAL SUBMISSION
PROJECT:
THE SITE
The assigned building is located in Cairo,the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world.
Located in New Cairo what was formerly Helwan Governorate, the building is located on the southeastern edge of cairo governorate.
The building is located in a commercial zone in the 5th settlement area. Its directly facing the 90th road which is considered the 5th settlement main spine. It is exposed to high traďŹƒc area thus increased air and sound pollution throughout the day. th
USERS
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ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 27.5 °C | 81.5 °F. January has the lowest average temperature of the year. It is 12.5 °C | 54.5 °F.
Prevailing Winds are mainly from Northwest, while secondary Winds come from North/North-East.The wind speed is approximately 3.8m/s. Humidity varies between 30-70% which lies in the comfort zone.
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Sun shading is essential in southern,eastern and western facade from November till June where the peak reaches its maximum exposure in June.
The variation in the precipitation between the driest and wettest months is 7 mm | 0 inch. During the year, the average temperatures vary by 15.0 °C | 59.0 °F. ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
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70 DESIGN RESPONSE TO ENVIR. ANALYSIS:
E
RESPONSIVE
Panels that close and open according to sun movement i order to offer people a good working environment.
WIND CA
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N
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Panels would a ventilate the b
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DESIGN RESPONSE TO CONTEXT:71
E
PRESERVING The site is lled with buildings that are totally glass. In order to respond to that I decided to follow the concept of VISUAL CONNECTIVITY.
in
ATCHING
allow wind to building.
CONTRASTING At the same time I decided to use a panel that is totally contrasting to the sites surrounding to give my building a different identity.
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PROJECT 1 FINAL OUTCOME
IDEA:
The aim behind my design is to give the building an identity that is different than the surrounding buildings along the teseen road. Apart from that I want my building to be connecting so people would always know whats happening around them. Hence in order for a place to be empowering it must also respond to users needs. This will be achieved by having random shaped voids within the skin facade of the building that would allow sun to penetrate inside the building, people to connect and to ventilate the building.
1 RANDOMNESS 2
3 ADAPTING
CONNECTING
EXTRACTED CONCEPT:
PROTRUDED LINES AND RECESSED LINES CREATE IRREGULAR VOIDS WITH INTERESTING CREASES
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TRIALS THAT LED TO THE FINAL IDEA 1
IDEA:
The idea of recesses and protrusions was taken into consideration in this design.
FAILURE:
It was very static and the idea of randomness wasnt very clear
2
IDEA:
The random shaped openings were taken into consideration in this design. Random openings were generated to diuse light inside and ventilate the building.
FAILURE:
It was very static and the idea of randomness wasnt very clear
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PROCESS WHY THE VORONOI CONCEPT? The voronoi was used to divide the facade in an organic random way. The point was to create different cells sizes that open and close according to the sun movement. Apart from that protrusions and recesses were integrated to serve some functional ideas.
Panelling movement according to the sun:
The voids of the panels become bigger as the sun moves away in order to provide people inside the building the desired comfortable environment.
Portfolio
PROTRUDED TO THE OUTSIDE
PROTRUDED TO THE INSIDE
LIGHT COLOR-WHITE TO REFLECT THE SUN LIGHT
Chapter name
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Proposed idea for the interior patial connguration:
1 Visual Connectivity by
having the slabs recessed on each oor
VENTILATION
Formal.quiet working spaces
2 The slab of the 3rd
oor was removed to create a dierent double height experience
Lounge,more active space
working area
3 The skin facade is extended to the ground to create an interesting open social space
Open connecting interactive space
4 From the inside panels can be used as seating areas
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SHADE AND SHADOW:
2
1 TIME FACTOR
AT 8 AM
SUN MOVEMENT According to the sun movement the panels close and open and thus different shadow patterns are created
AT 12 PM
3 CEILING HEIGHT
According to time and sun position the shadow is seen either on the oor or wall creating a different experience for the users
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According to the ceiling height the shadow either covers the whole oor or just a part of it
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HOW THIS WAS USED TO ACCOMODATE THE INTERIOR:
Private office spaces are more deep with a short height ,because the dynamic play of shadow is not necessarly needed
Open Double height atrium in the middle to visually connect everything and offer people an interactive lounge area
Double height to allow the play of shade and shadow to cover the whole oor area of the social open space where people meet and interact
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SCRIPT
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Biblography
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