The American University in Cairo (AUC) School of Sciences and Engineering - Department of Architecture ARCH 473/3522 - Digital Design Studio and Workshop (Spring 2019) Student portfolio documenting samples of work submitted along the course, including research, experimentation, 3D modeling, digital fabrication, parametric design and modeling, physical model realisation and analysis. Student name: Amina Ezzeldin Fahmy Student ID: 900151610
Š The American University in Cairo (AUC), May 2019
Amina Fahmy Architecture Student
Being an architecture student wasn’t so easy for me. It was so challenging. Through out the trip we passed through a lot. No sleep, dedicate all my time for work. All and every project never arrives to an end. We can work more and more it can always be improved. The most recognisable challenge for me is time management and being able to communcate my ideas. Being in the last architecture years is an achievement.
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Crabs Nature
Our inspiration for the design of the project is the crab on an organism level and behavioral level. The organism level refers to a specific organism like a plant or animal and may involve mimicking part of or the whole organism. The second level refers to mimicking behaviour, and may include translating an aspect of how an organism behaves, or relates to a larger context. Crabs are found in several location. We can get inspired by all elements.
Shell
Exoskelton
The purpose of the crab shell is to protect the crab from wave exposure and predators. Even though the crabs can change their shell and also experience molting, it has a self healing property caused by a mixture of chitosan molecules.
Crabs have external skeleton called “exoskeleton�. It is made of chitin and it provides protection for the soft tissue underneath it. Other name for exoskeleton is shell or carapace.
Legs
Claws Crabs do not have ball-andsocket joints but the legs pivot at numerous peg-in-socket joints that are sealed by flexible chitin, and can move in one plane (similar to our knee). Each joint moves in a different plane, and so together they allow the crab to move in all directions like our shoulder and hip joints.
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Reflection After this phase each member of the group chose one behavioural or organismcharestictc to inspire us in designing our project.
Crab’ s specialty is their leg that are tiny and fragile but it is able to support the whole body and gain great stability compare to other animals which usually have large surface area of support system. The same might be applied for the structure of the building.
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Organism Level: “Crab legs” Properties Crab’ s specialty is their leg that are tiny and fragile but it is able to support the whole body and gain great stability compare to other animals which usually have large surface area of support system. The same might be applied for the structure of the building.We can get inspired by all elements.
Geometry
Hair Legs
The crabs have 4 pairs of legs. They extend outward from
The main function of this hair is to help them to gather
the main-body rather than being located underneath.This
phytoplankton. Basically Phytoplankton are microscopic
allows for more flexibility in movement. For instance, the
organisms that live in watery environment, so Cardisoma
crabs can move in 2 dimensional plane in all directions
armatum captures these microscopic organisms and al-
without having to orient its head to the direction of move-
lows them to be eaten .
ment. While axial movement is possible, the legs configuration makes radial movement more favorable. Due to that the legs are extended in radial direction with respect
Mechanism Crabs belong to the arthropod. Generally, arthropod legs include several segments consisting of femur, tibia, and multiple tarsal segments . Three main segments are very obvious in the crab legs. These three segment are connected through two joints. The joints allow the segments to rotate about each other.The weight is distributed over the four pairs of legs. This distribution cancels off any moment ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
Joints 3 main segments are very obvious in the crab legs. These three segment are connected through two joints. The joints allow the segments to rotate about each other.The weight is distributed over the four pairs of legs. This distribution cancels off any moment and thus prevents the body from rotation about its main axial axes. The segments which come into contact with the ground are very sharp.” Amina Fahmy
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Behavioral Level: “Locomotion” Locomotion “Forces cancel each others, Crabs are capable of walking forward or diagonally, but usually they walk sideways , pushing with the legs on one side of the body and pulling with those on the other . Hence, people named this behavior the word crabwise. You can probably see that crab’s legs have two joints, one up near the crab’s body and another in the center of its leg. The joint that is up near the crab’s body can allow the crab to move forward but is restricted in a way that only allows a crab to move slowly in this direction . Crabs move sideways much faster by flexing the second joint of each leg
Aquatic-Terrestrial On land the destabilizing forces are predominantly vertical (due to gravity), in water the horizontal destabilizing forces (due to hydrodynamic forces) .As animals move more rapidly, however, hydrodynamic forces increase and are likely to become an important component of the force balance on the animal. “While most crabs prefer walk sideways, they can combine directions and walk diagonally if they wish. Crabs can start walking backwards but gradually adds a horizontal element until it ends up walking sideways only.”of the force balance on the animal. ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
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9 Expermintation: “Locomotion” Measurments of Body Segments The used materials were four crabs (two of them were dead and two alive). The dead crabs were cut in segments and each segment was measured and weighted. Alive crabs were hold in aquarium, for filming.A protractor with 180º was used to measure the angles and amplitude - range of motion - of every joint. Finally, a micrometer was used to measure the length and diameter of each segment of the leg and scissors were used to separate the various legs segments
Locomotion of MAJA BRACHYDACTYLA Videos were used to make the chronogram of walking crabs, which were made by filming alive crab.On the bottom of the aquarium, was placed a waterproof centimeter paper, which was fixed with weights.The shaded parts of the chronogram are the time instants when a leg is on the ground; the white ones are when a leg makes a movement in the air
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9 Chronogram The next chronogram , was made using the same video, while the crab was also moving sideways. The different colors show the movement of the leg during one second. In one second the crab’s leg can move 7.5 cm. Also all legs move in different moments, chronogram shows that during the third second legs L1, L2, L4, R2 make less motion than legs L3, R1, R3, R4 (the crab is using these legs for support).
Reflection In order to arrive to a strong concept i had touse and analyze all of the information acquired from the research and experimentation and apply it in real life situation. The crab by nature moves in a certain way while maintaining his balance. This characteristics is so powerful that can be used in actual buildings. This video was not made from the top, but from the side to see the trajectory of each moving leg.shows the trajectory of the left leg (L3) while moving. First, the crab moves the leg up (points 1-4) by rotating the “hip” joint; after this starts the movement of the“knee” joint (points 4-7) and, finally, using the “hip” joint, the crab moves the leg down and puts the foot on the ground (points 7-9, being 9 the final foothold). After this motion, the leg pushes the body and the crab “moves
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Based on the identified inspirations, students should propose design alternatives using a Rhino 3D model and submit 1:200 scaled models within a physical.model of the existing setting
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Stage 2 : Capturing Mobility: Conceptualizing, Modeling & Site selection ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
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1 SITE LOCATION The court has a large space, with two parallel entrances. The court is exposed to high natural sunlight because it has a large area. The spaces on the edge are less exposed due to the self shading of the buildings around.
This court was chosen because it will allow my design to achieve to it’s maximum potential. The building will be inspired by the locomotion of the crab which needs a large space for moving all over the space with 2 entrances. Also the direct connection (through the stairs) of the extension with the labs will faciliate the accesibility to the building.
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LOCOMOTIVE BUILDING: “INSPIRING CHARACTERISTICS” The ability to move in any direction without turning the body” “While most crabs prefer walk sideways, they can combine directions and walk diagonally if they wish. Crabs can start walking backwards but gradually adds a horizontal element until it ends up walking sideways only.” Chordotonal organs (COs) that are present at each leg joint “consist of an elastic strand of connective tissue that crosses the joint.This elastic structure is stretched during joint opening and released during joint closing””Locomotor activity relies on coordination of joint movements within each leg to achieve alternation between power stroke (stance) and return stroke (swing), and inner leg movements to achieve postural control during body displacement. Follow the leg structure of the crab to hold the building & body proportion “The crabs have 4 pairs of legs (decapods, 2 claws) . They extend outward from the main-body rather than being located underneath.This allows for more flexibility in movement. leg that are tiny and fragile but it is able to support the whole body and gain great stability compare to other animals which usually have large surface area of support system.” Follow the leg structure of the crab “Joints” 3 main segments are very obvious in the crab legs. These three segment are connected through two joints. The joints allow the segments to rotate about each other.The weight is distributed over the four pairs of legs. This distribution cancels off any moment and thus prevents the body from rotation about its main axial axes. The segments which come into contact with the ground are very sharp.”t ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
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13 CONCEPT
Movement
Due to the rotation in the joints and the leg flexion and extension, the animal can move the tip of the leg in a straight parallel line to the direction of motion. The leg is working as a mechanical lever, which moves with a large force relatively of small weight over long distances, thus providing a fast walking. The mass of the Rotation of the frames XYZ limbs decreases from the base to the distal end. The building is a crab like structure with the same joints, with the axiality of the crab.Moving building (adapt to the environment) through sensors (like nerves of crab legs) also according to students needs (flexible material). All joint will allow movements around the z and y axis; this leads to structure flexion and rotation in plane. No Rotation While the body itself is stable.The mass of the body and the structure should be with the same ratio of body to leg weight of the crab.The shape of the building is like the crab’s locomotive pattern Frame Movement: 1.XYZ Direction 2.Expansion & Retraction
Rotation in one direction
3.Foldable Skin 4.Proxemity of the frames Structure: composed of a skin, Frames that moves in a series in reference to each others through joints and ,slabs are fixed with columns in the ground, and a foldable skin
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14 FORM GENERATION-Conceptual models of Rhino
Reflection At this phase, I was able to design a movable buildings by creating many manual iterations through using Rhino modeling . The factor that helped me a lot was the trial and error, Using parametric tool will help create better alternatives
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At this stage, We had to design a moving and parametric building according to certain parameters. This was achieved through trial and error.
03 Shape Shifting “Grasshopper� ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
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2 Factors of Movement 1. User’s Need: “function of the space” a. Open space
b.Semi open
d. Larger space
d.Small spaces
2. Enviromental Factors a. Sunlight
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b.Ventilation
c.Enclosed
e.Divided
C.Rain
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SEMI OPEN BUILDING
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OPEN GROUND FLOOR
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ENCLOSED BUILDING
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ENCLOSED BUILDING
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REFLECTION: At this phase i was able to illustrate and communicate my design through renderings and grasshopper
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ENCLOSED BUILDING
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At this stage, We had to present our work through technical drawings including sections, plans and elevations.
04 Tecnical Drawings & Presentation ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
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FIRST FLOOR PLAN: SCALE 1:500
SITE PLAN: SCALE 1:1000
GROUND FLOOR PLAN: SCALE 1:200 “open Ground Floor”
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ELEVATION SCALE 1:50
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3 SECTION SCALE 1:50
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SITE PLAN: SCALE 1:1000
GROUND FLOOR PLAN: SCALE 1:200 “Semi Open Ground Floor”
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©All rights reserved, American University in Cairo (AUC) May 2019 Portfolio
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SITE PLAN: SCALE 1:1000
FIRST FLOOR PLAN: SCALE 1:500
GROUND FLOOR PLAN: SCALE 1:200 “Enclosed Ground Floor”
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SECTION SCALE 1:50
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REFLECTION: At this phase i was able to illustrate my design well and communicate my concept, inspired from the locomotion
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Biblography
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280580222_Biomechanical_Modeling_and_Simulation_of_Spider_Crab_-_Inspiration_for_the_Development_of_a_Biomimetic_Robot https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280580222_Biomechanical_Modeling_and_Simulation_of_Spider_Crab_-_Inspiration_for_the_Development_of_a_Biomimetic_Robot http://wow-biology.blogspot.com/2013/04/crabs-as-spidrids-spidrids-as-crabs.html http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190456757.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780190456757-e-23 http://polypedal.berkeley.edu/publications/013_Blickhan_LocomotionEnergeticsoftheGhostCrabII_JExpBiol_1987.pdf http://jeb.biologists.org/content/204/17/3097