Student Portfolio
ARCH 473/3522 - DIGITAL DESIGN STUDIO AND WORKSHOP Zeina Abdeldayem Spring 2020
The American University in Cairo (AUC) School of Sciences and Engineering - Department of Architecture ARCH 473/3522 - Digital Design Studio and Workshop (Spring 2019) Student portfolio documenting samples of work submitted along the course, including research, experimentation, 3D modeling, digital fabrication, parametric design and modeling, physical model realisation and analysis. Student name: Zeina Hesham Wagdy Abdeldayem Student ID: 900161026
Š The American University in Cairo (AUC), May 2020
Zeina Abdeldayem Undergraduate Student
Hello! Meet Zeina, an Architectural Design Student that aims to make a huge difference in the world by helping people return to Nature through advanced & Innovative Design Strategies (Before Artifical Intelligence takes over!). Throughout this course I am proud to say that I have conducted scientific research & hands-on experimentation of facinating concepts. I have digitally model ed complex and innovative geometries on Rhino using Grasshopper 3D Software thus Implementing algorithmic thinking in the process of structuring architectural problems and solutions. It was challenging, Fun and Rewarding translating sources of inspiration informed by nature and materiality in abstract experimentative forms. I was allowed to Utilize parametric modeling concepts and techniques for the continuous generation, analysis and evaluation of architectural alternatives in an iterative design process. Through Identifying Cause and effect Parameters in digital fabrication methods and techniques, I was able to prototype and test architectural concepts. My Storybook includes attempts to apply visualization techniques to communicate designs to the highest quality, & to Illustrate the digital design process using curated and elaborate graphical documentation.
Table Of Content Project 01
Chapter 01
Project 02
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Homeless Shelter of Minya
Chapter 02 - The Blank Facade Canvas Chapter 03 - Parametric Facelift
PROJECT 1 Procedures & Approach The First Part of the course was focused on form exploration through solving a real life design problem of Homelessness in El-Minya. The procedure taken was a mix of artistic and fuctional tasks. Starting with choosing a natural Inspiration, to analyzing Site, Coming Up with Forms & Fabrication. The approach taken was to abstract the Natural Growth Cycle of the Lotus Flower into Design Drivers & create from it Forms & Design Strategies.
The Lotus Flower as the Indpiration of the First Project; Homeless Shelter in Minya, Egypt.
01 Petales Shelter
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Chapter 1
11 Description of photo in a couple of lines, including explanation and/or references
Concept Statement To be inspired by the growth Life Cycle of the Lotus Flower in terms of its seed protection at every stage, its movement and mechanical response to the sun, its self-shading and thermal Properties, The air movement within its stem in the water, its horizontal and vertical growth, & its physical characteristics, to create a homeless shelter that provides & reimburses people back into society.
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12 Design Drivers 1 The seeds of the lotus plant are always protected at every stage of the growth cylcle by the plant walls, then the soil and leaves, then the petals & then again enclosed by the plant walls. 2 The Daily Opening & Closing Mechanism of the Lotus Petals & the direction towards the sun emphasized the importance of solar consideration. Like the Lotus the design aims to take into account light control 3 The Lotus Leaves Create self-shading for the Rhizomes from Unwanted Exterior Heat thus providing temperature regulation for the plant. 4 The Lotus stem is porous to create air movevment for the aquatic plant’s growth. 5 The Lotus Flower grows variusly between Horizontal & vertical then & is resilient throughout the cycle Holding to the ground through the stem & Flowing with water 6 The porous stem creates organic patterns over the growth period, similar to the root’s pattern responding to compressive forces & the seed pattern.
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Chapter 1
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Chapter 1
15 The Lotus as the Flower of El Agricultural Farming as the Main Source of Income for more than 70% of Minya
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Environmental Analysis
Minya is has a desert climate with very little wind and rain, and a high temperature with a large variation between day & night. In order to self-sustain the shelter it is needed to be kept within human comfort levels through creating layers of insulation by materiality and form, and using thermal mass to maintain heat during the day and reradiate it at night, and to create air movement through stack effect.
To the Right is my Sketch of Incorporating the Design Drivers & Environmental Techniques to achieve the Design Concept whichiis essentiall to self-sustain through air movement & solar considderation.
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Chapter 1
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Form Generation
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Fabrication Process Trials For Material 1 Wood - Plastic 3D Print
Simplify 3D Software - Reaches up to 2 days and 4 hours & generates endless supports that could damage the model
Cura Software + Only 31 grams of material & 12 hours
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Fabrication Process Trials For Material 2 Stone - Paper Laser Cut Cura Software - 4 hours & 47 grams of material but this method would not show variation in reality Slicer Software + l600 gram canson paper & the DXF file was produced in no time ready to use with minimal modification
Chapter 1
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Site Plan of Black & White Set
The Site In El Minya was selected based on Proximity to the Nile & availability of Fertile Farm Land
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Chapter 1
Plan
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Section B - B
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Chapter 1
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Architectural Drawings Black & White Set The Growth Life Cycle of the Lotus is represented in the Beautifuly overlapping Layers that protect the shelter. The self-shading form maintains its ability to provide sunlight for plantation through the porous materiality of specific layers. The Agricultural Work Garden is placed on the Nile & Seen in the Northern Elevation. The Street Entrance is from the Southern Elevaion. Section B - B has been chosen because it shows the Dynamic Duality of Public & Private Life in Petales Shelter. While Section B B shows Private Life for a Family within the Shelter.
Section A - A
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Main Southern Elevation
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Western Elevation
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Northern Elevation
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Eastern Elevation
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Chapter 1
31 Site Layout Rendered Set
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Chapter 1
33 Rendered Large Scale Model Shots
Main Entrance from Street Site Plan View & Perspective Shots
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Chapter 1
ZEINA ABD
35 Rendered Small Scale Model Shots
Section at Main Entrance Showing Life within Shelter & Agricultural Garden
Pockets of Life Created by Overlapping Layer of Enclosure
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DELDAYEM 900161026
ARCH 473 3522
DR SHERIF MOURAD & DR PASSANT
Zeina Abdeldayem POSTER 5
PROJECT 2 Procedures & Approach The Second Part of the course was focused on identifying Parameters that Dictate & Influence Design. The procedure taken was Material Exploration of the Plaster Casting Technique to Generate Forms, in Chapter 2. The approach taken was to extract from the Experimentations, Design Parameters that would be carried on in Chapter 3 of Digital Design.
Physical Representation of Casting The Technique Chosen to Create the Facade
02 The Blank Canvas
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Chapter name
3 Concrete Casting at Construction Site
Research Phase What is Casting Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. What Materials Are Used Casting materials are usually metals or various time setting materials that cure after mixing two or more components together; examples are epoxy, concrete, plaster and clay.
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History Casting is a 7000 year process & the the oldest surviving casting is a copper frog from 3200 BC.Lost wax casting can be dated back to 4000 BC or the Chalcolithic period. One of the oldest studied examples of this technique is a 6,000-year old amulet from Indus valley civilization. There were no pieces of lost wax found in the capital of Anyang during the Shane dynasty (1600-1040 BC) while a large amount (100,000 pieces) of piece-mould fragments were found. This led to the conclusion that lost wax was not performed in the capital during this dynasty. However, the discovery of a mask made using the investment moulding dated at around 1300 BC indicated that the lost wax technique may have influenced
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Adaptation Casting is most often used for making complex shapes that would be otherwise difficult or uneconomical to make by other methods. Heavy equipment like machine tool beds, ships’ propellers, etc. can be cast easily in the required size, rather than fabricating by joining several small pieces
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Casting Software Casting Fabrication is Different in terms of it indicates which areas need more energy to create more heat and create a form for the mold, then it is used to save Energy & Money on the cast
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Types of Casting Casting Types Developed from the Basic Lost Wax Casting seen in the figure on the right to incorporate creative methods of creating casts
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1. Plaster Casting
2. Fabric Casting Portfolio
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3. Sand Casting
5. Investment Casting ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
4. Die Casting
6. Wax Casting Student Name
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Material Exploration
Experimentation Phase The First Four Experimentations are a Material Exploration of getting Hands on Experience to Understand Better
The Last two Experiments are aimed in a Facade Pattern Forming Direction
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18 Repeating Unit
Experiment 5 Concept Statement Focusing On Solid Within the Pattern Using the opening’s surroundings to create the connection between the units which allows the manipulation of different parameters
Observation & Reflection When the edge was too close to the opening the mold had cracking Some fracturing appeared on the bottom which could be due to casting technique or plaster ratio The formwork material stuck to the cast 3D Needs to be adressed more
Conceptual Sketch
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Precedent
Resulting Unit
Chapter name
19 Procecss
1. Texture & Form
2. Control Edges
3. Creating Openings
Detailed Observation
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20 Repeating Unit
Experiment 6 Concept Statement Focusing On Void Within the Pattern Creating a mold out of the void within the pattern which allows the manipulation of different parameters
Observation & Reflection Smocking techniques could be utilized, or the use of fabric or a mould could Create interesting dimensions. Connection angles could create a more 3D Dimension
Conceptual Sketch
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Precedent
Resulting Unit
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21 Procecss
1. Set-Up Formwork
2. Control Protrusions
3. Pour Cast
Detailed Observation
The ratio of cast to create smoothness was 8 to 3
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the stable dimension was 1.5 cm without need for reinforcement
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Input Parameters
Texture of Formwork on Either Side Opening Placement, Size & Closeness
Angling the Protrusion formwork to creat different Angled Openings
Controling Texture of Protrusion Formwork
Output Parameters
The Texture resulting from Air Drying & Formwork Pulling
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The Thickness of the Cast throughout different Sections
Pointiness of Corners
Chapter name
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The Points at which the formwork is held from & the Closeness of the Opening to the Edge
The Way Forward After Experimentation, Observation & Analysis the Main Player Parameters Have Been Extracted based on Unit Attachment, Concept Serving & Constructability to help Carry this Investigation Further
Edge Dimensions & Form Cast thickness at edges
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Regal Retail Store Assam, India
03 Parametric Facelift
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Paramatric Facelift
5 Monthly Climatic Analysis for New Cairo, Egypt.
Site Analysis Overall Prevailing wind-direction is from the NorthEast, however our South & South-West Facade Does not get much Strong Winds only a few at 15 Km/ hour. The Solar Radiation experienced is Direct and Creates temperatures above Human Comfort Zone, which means that the glass facade in creates most of the Elecatricity Burden due to Cooling during the summer. This condition is existent for most of the year, and should be taken into account. Humidity is also high which means that only indirect passive cooling and shading techniques may be used. The Site is considered to be an urbanized desert environment where temperature cools down at night, and is extremely cold in the winter. The Site is also raised 280 m above sea level which gives it a big variation in temperatures from summer to winter reaching as low as 12.5 degrees. This great fluctuation exists throughout the day as well, and should be countered by a need for insulation.
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Paramatric Facelift
7 Proposed Modification & Operational Mechanism; Conceptual Approach
Proposal The proposed modification for the existing Facade and Interior space is the extension of the slabs to reach the the first layer of the double skin. The randomization of the Edge that will be seen from the street. the Unchanging interior glass wall, & the creation of a small Balcony to create a double layer around the building. Operational Mechanism The facade will be responsive to sun movement in order to allow for different configuration during different seasons, and different time of day. this will maximize solar gain, and optimize daylight control through an Automatic System. Precedent The precedent this is Based on is Al-Bahr Project that takes places in UAE where the facade made energy consumption reduce and increased overall efficiency by 50 %.
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Initial Design Proposal Noon - Sun Iteration
The Parametric Design Strategy The Parameters of this Experimentation were extracted from the Material Exploration Phase. They are; the thickness of the material throughout the facade, the opening sizes and positions. Highlighted here is the relationship between openings and distance between units and the Positive space that has been filled by this relationship.
After - Noon Sun Iteration
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The specific strategy for the parametric and generative exploration exercise will be using iterations of repetition, force fields, & subdivision that can be seen in this exploration as well as the conceptual sketches in the previos page. The conceptual goals and variations will be achieved through a close study of the environmental and form making needs of the facade. This will be the basis for controling and dictating the extracted parameters. Different models will be made to simulate the configurations of facade Responses.
Paramatric Facelift
9 3D Shot
Cafetria & Social Space Functional Parameters for Protrusions
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Schematic Approach
Plan
South Elevation
Double Layer
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Cooling Through Insulation
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Based on Environmental Parameters & Two Main Social Functions
South-East Elevation
3D Section
Executive Floor Conference Halls Offices & Cafe Offices Offices & Service
DayLight & Shading Based on Sun Angle
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Protrusions at Social Areas
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Final Design Proposal Plan
The Parametric Design Strategy The Parameters of this Experimentation are abstracted extractions from the Material Exploration Phase. The thickness of the material has translated into the differnt Outer Layer thicknesses, the opening sizes and positions have been dictated by Functional & Environmental Attractors. Highlighted here is the relationship between Funtions & Dimensions in terms of Opening and Layer. The specific strategy for the parametric and generative exploration exercise will be using iterations of repetition, force fields, & subdivision that can be seen in this exploration as well as the conceptual sketches in the previos page.
Section
Executive Floor Social & Conference
The conceptual goals and variations will be achieved through a close study of the environmental and form making needs of the facade. This will be the basis for controling and dictating the extracted parameters. Different models will be made to simulate the configurations of facade Responses.
Cafeteria & Offices Meeting
& Offices
Waiting/Social & Offices
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Paramatric Facelift
15 3D Shot
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South-East Elevation
South Elevation
Social Space
Cafeteria Space
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Paramatric Facelift
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Orientation & Functions Building to Street Relationship The Impact of my Design can be seen in the architectural diagrams Below. Functional Attractors dictate the protrusion depth of the inner shell, while the Sun Attractor dictates the protrusion depth of the outer shell. Extrusions are chosen output parameters that are created based on the input parameter of the polygonal pattern. The Design shows Variations inthe new Slab to wall connections as well as the relationship between the different spaces created by the double shell.
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Extrusion Sizes & Proximity
Input Parameters: Conceptual Approach
Polygon Size & Number
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Paramatric Facelift
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Input Parameters Spatial, Environmental, and Functional aspects have been considered in the design of the parametric facade. The double shell provides ventilation for the interior spaces and protection from outside heat thus making the building energy use more efficient. The inner spaces are privately seperated by the inner shell of the facade. Protrusion Depth Outer Skin Sun Attractor
Protrusion Depth Inner Skin Functional Attractor Input Parameters: Conceptual Approach
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Output Parameters: Concept Development
Mesh Pattern & Shadows
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Outer Layer Thickness
Chill-Out
Corridor
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Output Parameters The Double Layer provides a useful space of 3 - 5 meteres based on function to create, social spaces, and corridors in some areas, & Flows with the Interior Space in others. Spatial Variations & Qualities
The Outer shell extrusions provide oppurtunities for placing services and event spaces, while the Inner shell Protrusions provide dynamic meeting spacecs and offices.
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Social/Waiting
Output Parameters: Concept Development
Meeting Rooms
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Protrusuions Based on Center Point & Sun Pattern
Extrusions Based on F Attractors & Social No
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Functional odes
Outer Shell Mesh & Organic Strucure
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Inner Shell Flipped Organic Strucure
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Biblography
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Arch2o, (2012-2020). Al Bahr Towers. Online. https://www.arch2o.com/al-bahr-towers-aedas/. Balmond, C. (2007). Informal, Prestel. Dunn, N. (2012). Digital Fabrication in Architecture, Laurence King Publishing. Frederick, M. (2007). 101 Things I learned in architecture school, MIT Press. Freyer, C., Noel, S., Rucki, E. & Antonelli, P. (2011). Digital by Design: Crafting Technology for Products and Environments, Thames and Hudson. Hensel, M., Menges, A. & Weinstock, M. (2010). Emergent Technologies and Design: Towards a Biological Paradigm for Architecture, Routledge. Iwamoto, L. (2009). Digital Fabrications: Architectural and Material Techniques, Princeton Architectural Press. Jabi, W. (2013). Parametric Design for Architecture, Laurence King Publishing. Kolarevic, B. (2005). Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing, Taylor and Francis. Segaran, T. & Hammerbacher, J. (2009). Beautiful Data: The Stories Behind Elegant Data Solutions, O’Reilly Media. Spiller, N. (2009). Digital Architecture Now: A Global Survey of Emerging Talent, Thames and Hudson. Tedeschi, A. (2014). AAD – Algorithms-Aided Design, Le Penseur Publisher. Terzidis, K. (2006). Algorithmic Architecture, Routledge. Vysivoti, S. (2012). Folding Architecture: Spatial, Structural and Organizational Diagrams, Bis Publishers
ŠAll rights reserved, American University in Cairo (AUC) May 2020