Student Portfolio
ARCH 473/3522 - DIGITAL DESIGN STUDIO AND WORKSHOP Mariam Khafagy Spring 2019
The American University in Cairo (AUC) School of Sciences and Engineering - Department of Architecture ARCH 473/3522 - Digital Design Studio and Workshop (Spring 2019) Student portfolio documenting samples of work submitted along the course, including research, experimentation, 3D modeling, digital fabrication, parametric design and modeling, physical model realisation and analysis. Student name: Mariam Khafagy Student ID: 900160995
Š The American University in Cairo (AUC), May 2019
Mariam Khafagy Architecture Student
I precive architectural engineering as a lifestyle, It is never just a school, a job or a project. It reminds me of how all my life revolved around swimming practices before highschool. Now i am doing it all again in architecture. I have to manage each and every daily routine or social activity along with my endless submissions and deadlines, not to mention my plans are always reschedueled.
My name is Mariam Ayman Khafagy. It has always been my passion to draw, create and visualize. Ever since i was 5 years old, buildings everywhere always redirected my eyes and allowed me to think for a little time about the amount of effort and number of people it takes to produce just one building. The more i grow up the more i ask and know about buildings and architetcure. Coming from a family of architects, constantly hearing too complicated architectural conversations and terms was one of the strongest factors that particpated in the bold decision of joining architecture college after highschool. And it all started here.
4 years of this is kind of a lot, in a way that made me forget a “normal� lifestyle . I also started losing intrest in people with ordinary days and routines. I do not want this to sound negative, actually if i had the chance to go back i would make the same choice again and again. I have learned a lot about myself and gained general knowledge and skills more than the pure architecture information i managed to get out of this journey which is what matters the most in my opinion. This course is full of creativity and it allowed me to get as creative as i wanted, it did not have many restrictions or limitations which i liked the most. Implimenting this in diffrent new programs and softwares was eyeopening for me about the huge possibilities of outcomes i never knew about. I am ready to use them all now.
Table of Contents 01 Design of Mobile Shelter
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02 The Black Canvas
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03 The Parametric Facelift
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DNA as an inspiration for design of a homeless shelter in el Minya
01 Design of Mobile Shelter
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3 Process of micro growth and division process of DNA in diffrent dimensions
Before DNA can be replicated, the double stranded molecule must be “unzipped” into two single strands. Once the DNA strands have been separated, a short piece of RNA called a primer binds to the 3’ end of the strand. Enzymes known as DNA polymerases are responsible creating the new strand by a process called elongation. Once both the continuous and discontinuous strands are formed, an enzyme removes all RNA primers & are replaced with appropriate bases. Cell growth (or interphase) is shorthand for the idea of “growth in cell populations” by means of cell reproduction. It is the stage which cells are preparing for the next division, biochemical activities and reactions are taking place, however no obvious changes can be seen at this stage. Until cell division, a parent cell divides to form two or more new daughter cells.
ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
Mariam Khafagy
4 Developing the form started by the idea of trying to mimic the idea of matching and unmatching by translating them into 2 helix. 2 helix were meant to represent a new helix formed and the old one. new helix structure was meant to have a more dynamic structure than the existing one, which was represented in a dffrent attempts. It started by being deconstructed and rectilinear form instead of the dynamic. It turned out to be too bold and hard to function so i started over by creating 2 curved surfaces folding over each other and then disecting one of them so it would represent the formation of the new helix. A mesh structure was then added between he sliced segments of the new surface. Last step was closing the surfaces together to create a roof and enclosed areas that represents the gene built between two helixes. Final touchups were adding the structure for the original surface and adjusting the curvature to allow for 2 entrances, a public wide one and another that is sheltered and narrow. represented by 2 materials which are textile and aluminium
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Augmented Skin by students from the Bartlett School of Architecture
02 The Blank Canvas
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HISTORY ROMAN TIMES
The invention of fabric formwork came about as a result of the Industrial Revolution. Vitruvus constructed this by group of reeds tied together First case: reeds covered the centering, which allowed easy removal of the falsework after the concrete had hardened Second case: the bent, freshly cut reeds formed the center-
19th CENTURY
German Architect, Gustav Lilienthal, initiated the concept of fabric forming. He designed a draped slab using fabric formwork, wire mesh reinforcement, and cast concrete. James Waller then followed this path, after observing the effect of cement drying on a tent. So he developed the idea of using Hessian, or a woven fabric made from any vegetable fibre, to stretch it over a timber frame and plaster it `` with cement mortar.
20TH CENTURY
Spanish Architect, Miguel Fisac acknowledged the aesthetics of fabric formed concrete, not just its cost efficiency. He believed shuttering gave concrete the ‘incorrect tex ture’, so he started using polyethylene (plastic), to give it a smooth, seamless texture. Portfolio
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CASTING TYPES SMOCKING
The term comes from ”smock”, a farmer’s work shirt, and the technique was popularized in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as it was possible to more easily tailor flat panels of fabric to the shape of the human body without labor-intensive cutting and sewing of numerous pattern pieces. ``FABRIC AND OBSTICLES Adding materials like wood or plastic inside the fabric so it could define the shape of concrete inside the fabric
WOOD AND FABRIC FORMWORK
Setting up a form by fabric and attaching it to wood for stability and fixation then adding liquid concrete to it to take shape
14 The target for this experiment was to produce a unit that would for a modular shape later would be translated into a double skin for the required building. The first trial was done through fixing the fabric with wooden sticks and creating some sort of twists This trial failed for many reasons, the first one was the used material which was basically a dough that took a lot o time to dry and eventually crached and some of it stuck to the fabric. The rescong reason was the flatness that occured in the exposed side of the setup. A second trial then took place with a diffrent material which is a gypsum, the material itself worked very well. The setup this time was done with fabric and rubber bands. the gypsum was poured into a closed twisted fabric and then twisted and tied again to form a spherical shape. FIRST APPROACH- DISTORTED SPHERES -
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As a conclusion this approach did not go quite well and i do not honestly think this will be very functional if it was implimented as a builsing facade. this is due to its spherical shape and the fact that it is very stacked to handle gaps and openings to adjust for climate issues.
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15 TRIAL 1
Materials: cotton fabric wooden sticks cardboard box flour dough
TRIAL 2 Materials: cotton fabric rubber bands gypsum mixture
SETUP ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
RESULTS Mariam Khafagy
16 The target for this experiment was to produce a unit that would for a modular shape later would be translated into a double skin for the required building. The first trial was done through fixing the fabric with wooden sticks and creating some sort of twists This trial failed for many reasons, the first one was the used material which was basically a dough that took a lot o time to dry and eventually crached and some of it stuck to the fabric. The rescong reason was the flatness that occured in the exposed side of the setup. A second trial then took place with a diffrent material which is a gypsum, the material itself worked very well. The setup this time was done with fabric and rubber bands. the gypsum was poured into a closed twisted fabric and then twisted and tied again to form a spherical shape. As a conclusion this approach did not go quite well and i do not honestly think this will be very functional if it was implimented as a builsing facade. this is due to its spherical shape and the fact that it is very stacked to handle gaps and openings to adjust for climate issues.
SECOND APPROACH- DYNAMIC SHEETS -
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17 TRIAL 1
Materials: cotton fabric wooden sticks cardboard box flour dough
TRIAL 2 Materials: cotton fabric rubber bands gypsum mixture
SETUP ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
RESULTS Mariam Khafagy
Bloom Bank New Cairo Branch featuring the target corved facade of complete glass with bank logo
03 The Parametric Facelift
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Conceptual approach and site The building is located in cairo where weather is too hot due to high sun exposure in summer. The facade is one of a curved nature fully glazed. The curvature allows for more exposure in the outer part, and it gets more shaded as it goes inwards. According to the current design and weather, the ultimate solution would be providing a hybrid of horizontal and vertical shading elements. Another modificationn that should take place is the material of facade. The existing facade of glass has high tendancy to absorbing heat which is not appropriate for its existing climate. The new design should take place according to the experimentations that were done in the second project. A conceptual geopmentry of shape is to be modefied accordingly so it would sort the function. Making adjustions of the certain facade or slabs would also help in creating some useful spaces that would add to the self shading of the building in addition to creating intresting geometry serving diffrent functions and areas inside the building.
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This “Palm Bole� facade also acts as a passive cooling device; shading the building during the heat of the day whilst allowing fresh air to flow. Within the bowl this creates comfortable spectator conditions and aids grass growth for the looks and function of it. The second inspiration was a building of horizontal shading double skin where each panel is purtruded ot ressesed diffrently creating an intresting sheet like form with a wave or ripple effect
Transition from phase 11 Linking to phase two was by taking the same approach of the ripple effect and the wave shape. to link to function and form of the facade. The next step is to add the element of horizontality to the form in order to fit for the existing climate. So as a conclusion the approach of the ripple effect would take place responding diffrently to the sun and climate overall and the element ot horizontality will be implimented. The final step is to consider appropriate parameters and variables as done in project two in order to produce the required algorithms and variation.
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Design Process
The building is located in cairo where weather is too hot due to high sun exposure in summer. The facade is one of a curved nature fully glazed. The curvature allows for more exposure in the outer part, and it gets more shaded as it goes inwards. According to the current design and weather, the ultimate solution would be providing a hybrid of horizontal and vertical shading elements. Another modificationn that should take place is the material of facade. The existing facade of glass has high tendancy to absorbing heat which is not appropriate for its existing climate. The new design should take place according to the experimentations that were done in the second project. A conceptual geopmentry of shape is to be modefied accordingly so it would sort the function. Making adjustions of the certain facade or slabs would also help in creating some useful spaces that would add to the self shading of the building in addition to creating intresting geometry serving diffrent functions and areas inside the building.
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Enviromental considerations The building is located in cairo where weather is too hot due to high sun exposure in summer. The facade is one of a curved nature fully glazed. The curvature allows for more exposure in the outer part, and it gets more shaded as it goes inwards. According to the current design and weather, the ultimate solution would be providing a hybrid of horizontal and vertical shading elements. Another modificationn that should take place is the material of facade. The existing facade of glass has high tendancy to absorbing heat which is not appropriate for its existing climate. The new design should take place according to the experimentations that were done in the second project. A conceptual geopmentry of shape is to be modefied accordingly so it would sort the function.
material: fabric/weaves Portfolio
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Enviromental considerations The facade is designed to shift the ripple effect according to the sun direction so it would provide the most focused shading in the area that requires the most shading acoording to the sun angles, As shown in the figures below the facade change was recorded at the diffrent times of the day. The facade shows the shift from horizontal patterns to creating a vertical shading element that is more suitable for the curvature . There is a successful integration between the vertical and horizontal shading elements with just rotation of the panels.
9 am
12 pm ARCH 473/3522 - Spring 2019
5 pm Mariam Khafagy
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Design Details The building is located in cairo where weather is too hot due to high sun exposure in summer. The facade is one of a curved nature fully glazed. The curvature allows for more exposure in the outer part, and it gets more shaded as it goes inwards. According to the current design and weather, the ultimate solution would be providing a hybrid of horizontal and vertical shading elements. Another modificationn that should take place is the material of facade. The existing facade of glass has high tendancy to absorbing heat which is not appropriate for its existing climate. The new design should take place according to the experimentations that were done in the second project. A conceptual geopmentry of shape is to be modefied accordingly so it would sort the function. Making adjustions of the certain facade or slabs would also help in creating some useful spaces that would add to the self shading of the building in addition to creating intresting geometry serving diffrent functions and areas inside the building.
Double skin with purtruded slabs
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sections at the diffrent rotations of the building showing the diffrance between the level of prutrusion of the extended slabs and how they differ
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Biblography
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• https://blogs.scientifi camerican.com/octopus-chronicles/polarized-display-sheds-light-on-octopusand-cuttlefi sh-vision-and-camoufl age/ • https://www.microscopyu.com/techniques/polarized-light/introduction-to-polarized-light • https://blogs.scientifi camerican.com/octopus-chronicles/octopus-suckers-have-groovy-secret-forstrength/ • https://animals.howstuff works.com/marine-life/octopus1.htm • http://www.octopus.huji.ac.il/site/articles/Hochner-2004.pdf • https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/why-does-an-octopus-have-more-than-one-heart/ • https://cerebrovortex.com/2013/10/22/octopus-concussions/ • https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a837/7846314c1a5472efb4b03bc4d51c31593bbb.pdf?_ ga=2.182536166.1769715002.1581174282-1347880660.1581174282 • https://www.mentalfl oss.com/article/61532/explaining-octopus-amazing-camoufl age-skills • https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/21/science/for-an-octopus-seeing-the-light-doesnt-requireeyes. html • https://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/209/19/3697.full.pdf • http://tolweb.org/articles/?article_id=4200 • https://www-jstor-org.libproxy.aucegypt.edu/stable/2416726?
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