IJSS: Eco-City Live Project 2019 by Architecture Universitas Indonesia

ECO-CITY LIVE PROJECT 2019 January 14th - 24th 2019

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok, Indonesia 2019

ECO -CITY LIVE PROJECT 2019

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Contributors Participants of the Eco City Live Project 2019 in Jakarta and Depok, January 14th-24th 2019 from Universitas Indonesia, University of Florida, Cardiff University, and Chongqing Jiaotong University Editor in Chief Prof. Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan S.T., M.Sc., PhD Editors Prof. Christopher Silver, PhD, FAICP Dr. Andrea Frank, PhD. Guest Editor Diane V. Wildsmith, Msc. Arch, MIPP Dr.-Ing. Ova Candra Dewi, S.T., M.Sc. Logo & Cover Shaflian Islami A. Published by Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia, Depok Republic of Indonesia Dimensions 17,6 cm x 25 cm ISBN 978-623-78821-0-7 Printed in Jakarta, 2019 ©2019 Universitas Indonesia, University of Florida, Cardiff University, and Chongqing Jiaotong University ii

International Joint Studio and Seminar

ECO-CITY LIVE PROJECT 2019 Jakarta and Depok: A Megapolitan Approach

halaman judul

Ecology cities should have a deep and integrated relationship with nature Economics cities should be based on an economy organized around social needs

Eco-City Live Project 2019

“. . . [an] eco-city is an ecological city: a city built from the principles of living within environmental means, with the high-level principles:

Politics cities should have an enhanced emphasis on engaged and negotiated civic involvement Culture cities should actively develop ongoing processes for dealing with uncomfortable intersections of identity and difference, including the current tension between culture and nature.”

Dr. Dominique Hes, 2017, “Changing the Way We Think about Ecocities”, https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/changing-the-way-we-think-about-ecocities

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Cover

Title Page

Table of Contents

Preface

viii

Editorial Notes

xii

Organizers

Part 1. Introduction

02 10

Opening Remarks Program

Part 2. Lectures

24 28 30

Urban Heritage and HUL : Punto Wijayanto Health and The Environment : Andrew Flynn Spatial Development and Utilization of Public Space in Surrounding Commuter Line : Evawani Ellisa

34 38

Resilient Jakarta? Challenge Initiatives : Christopher Silver Smart City Implementation in Indonesia : Nurul Helen

Part 3. Research Essays

44 45 48

Contributor Essays Andrew Flynn Ova Candra Dewi and Team

Project 1. Kampung Luar Batang Towards Resilient Community Project 2. A Smart and Mobile Eco City Project 3. Improving a Healthy Community for A Healthy City: A Case Study of Bukit Indah, South Tangerang Project 4. Cimanggis House : Cultural and Community Led City

76 102

126 152

Part 4. Closing Remarks

154 160 162 164

Closing Remarks Participants Events Previous Series of IJSS

Eco-City Live Project 2019

PREFACE

It is a pleasure to invite you to experience this collaborative contribution to our understanding of the challenges of fashioning an EcoCity with the Jakarta megapolitan region. In January 2019, for the fourth consecutive year, students and faculty assembled for two weeks at the Universitas Indonesia to engage in a collaborative research effort focusing on places within the Jakarta region that had the potential to model potential eco-city behaviors within reasonable interventions. The students and faculty engaged in this project brought to the task different disciplinary perspectives, from architecture, urban and regional planning, geography and policy studies. The participants from four partner universities included the host at the Universitas Indonesia plus the University of Florida from the United States, Cardiff University in Wales, the United Kingdom and Chongqing Jiatong University in Chongqing, China. They were divided into four student research teams to investigate the challenges of four different places in Jakarta in terms of four interrelated objectives: Resilient and Climate Change Adaptive City; Smart and Mobile Eco-City; Healthy City; and Cultural and Community-Led City.

is because of the enormous effort on the part of the students to share what they accomplished with others who might benefit from it. I can say for sure that I did. Enjoy this volume. Convenors, Prof. Christopher Silver, PhD, FAICP, University of Florida Prof. Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan, S.T., M.Sc., PhD. Universitas Indonesia Dr. Andrea Frank, PhD Cardiff University Sc. Dr. Andrew Flynn Cardiff University

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Their research strategies were guided by an array of questions developed by the project faculty, as well as a body of literature that examines these issues in the context of megaregions, such as Jakarta, and by presentations from project faculty and local experts during the studio to enable the students to match their field research findings with other research findings. But as you will see, these projects demonstrate how the student research teams engaged directly with the citizens in Jakarta’s communities who are facing the challenges of enhancing the quality of their environments. The results of this research reflect the intent to honor the citizens’ viewpoints. In the end, the primary purpose of the International Joint Studio and Seminar is all about providing students an experience with engaged research that will enable them to prepare for their careers, and hopefully to contribute to the betterment of urban lives wherever they land. I am sure you will recognize this when you read through this well-crafted summary of the studio outcomes. While the faculty who you’ll meet inside helped to guide the process, it must be emphasized that this final summary

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Eco-City Live Project 2019

EDITORIAL NOTES

This book and e-book about EcoCity Live Project 2019 wrap the Fourth International Joint Studio and Seminar. These events were held in Jakarta and Depok City, from January 14-23th 2019 and jointly organized by Universitas Indonesia (UI), University of Florida (UF), Cardiff University (CU), and Tongji University (TU). The 2019 UI UF CU TU International Joint Studio and Seminar took a larger view of eco city ideas. This year, the students were encouraged to be more engaged with the Jakarta metropolis rather than other three smaller communities in Depok as the events had a look before in 2016, 2017, and 2018. It focuses on investigating and development issues and subsequently developing a set of policy recommendations and interventions that promote the transition of a major urban agglomeration. The Joint Eco-City Live Project 2019 looked at the cities with its resilience and adaptivity towards climate change, smart and mobile eco-city, as well as the mutual definitions of a healthy and cultural community led city. Four design-research focus groups were identified for field Survey in Jakarta, Depok and South Tangerang and

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covers urban sustainability issues including exposure to noise, air pollution and poor-quality issues. The research emphasized the ecodevelopment, which concerns ecological, economic, social, politics and cultural issues.

Furthermore, Dr. Andrew Flynn from Cardiff University also spoke about Health, the Environment and Urban Health. He lined up the debates on health and the environment, which become an increasing feature of debates on urban development and underlined the adverse health effects issues of poorly planned development that helped underpin the growth of urban planning. To strengthen the sustainability issues, Dr.-Ing. Ova Candra Dewi, from Universitas Indonesia, shared her team experiences in revitalizing the green open space as way forward to bring back outdoor activities. This is one of Universitas Indonesia’s community engagement programs and jointly implemented with American Red Cross and Indonesian Red Cross (PMI). The program employs strong process and bounding with the local community, thus gain the sense of belonging.

Eco-City Live Project 2019

The Seminar was enriched by guest lecture “Urban Heritage and Historical Urban Landscape (HUL)”, delivered by Mr. Punto Wijayanto. M.T., from Trisakti University. It brought important message about “Heritage City”, which presents not only to preserve the valuable historical building and its landscape but also to keep the cultural and historical value. Additionally, Prof. Christopher Silver, from University of Florida, also underlined the challenge initiatives of Resilience in Jakarta. He invited continues discussions to consider whether Jakarta has been able to “spring back” and “to recover quickly” from the various challenges that regularly confront this Mega Urban. In the field related to transportation and urban design, Evawani Ellisa, Ph.D., an associate professor from Universitas Indonesia, gave lecture about Spatial Development and Utilization of Public Space in Surrounding Commuter Line. She

raised the critical issues of traffic and auto-dependency in Jakarta and its greater area, Jabodetabek. On the same occasion, The Universitas Indonesia’s post graduate student, Ms. Nurul Helen also shared about Smart City Implementation in Indonesia, specifically in Jakarta, Depok, Bandung, and Malang.

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Together social, health and environmental values will enforce ways forward sustainability. The pack of information has broadened the capacity of the live project’s participants. The Fourth International Joint Studio and Seminar 2019 concentrates on project definition, field surveys, problem identification, research design and proposed design intervention to facilitate green infrastructure. The process is dependent on individual participation, group work and discourse between the respective disciplines within a critical framework. It triggers the development of decision making and leadership abilities to address complex urban and environmental issues and to examine the trade-off involved. Each research topic group is expected to reach equal level of communication ability. The group one, A Resilient and Climate Change Adaptive City Group, focuses on the dense Kampong Luar Batang located in North Jakarta. Promoting urban resilience has become a widely used term that reflects the need for cities to adapt to a range of natural or man-made x

disasters. Despite its importance to the history of the city, the kampong and its people are severely ignored. The residents suffer from annual floods that further lower their quality of life and the kampong was overall marginalized from the city's rapid growth. The group explores possible options to increase the kampong's resilience. The result were suggestions for residents to improve their attitude towards the environment and for government to implement protective regulations. The second group, A Smart and Mobile Eco-City Group, took case study in Depok Baru Station, Depok. The study aimed to maximize the new-implemented concept in Depok by gave further suggestions, following the increasing intertwined debates on smart and eco developments. The scale of the city and its growth place burdens upon infrastructure. Roads may be inadequate to cope with the numbers of cars. Bus and train services are overcrowded. Thus, the survey was conducted to several people who frequently commute in Depok Baru Station and this is to figure out their needs related to their transit activities and promote a smart and mobile eco-city.

The last group, A Cultural and Community Led City Group, took case study in a dilapidated Colonial estate known as Cimanggis Landhuis, located in Depok West Java. The estate was built in eighteenth century by a Governor General of Dutch trading company, V.O.C. Group four analyzed the house's complex history and rich architectures before further combining them with the region's locality. Culture and the protection

of historic sites are often regarded as ways to revitalize communities and drive towards identifying cultural and historic features. The result is a proposal for an urban and community-based heritage conservation plan which consist of each architectural preservation acts as well as suggestion to improve the estate's purpose and relationship with its surrounding communities. This book continues the fouruniversities collaborations towards an Eco-city in the future. The students’ experience allows the development of decision making and leadership abilities to address complex urban and environmental issues.

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Group three, A Healthy City Group, discussed the concept of HEALTHY CITY while taking the neighborhood of RW 07 Bukit Indah, South Tangerang as case study. In seeking to develop an eco-friendlier urban area, it is important to better understand the relationship between health and the environment. There are at least three issues that need to be addressed to improve the Bukit Indah residents’ well-being, namely: poor water quality, illegal dumping, and insufficient public space for all age groups. The result was some recommendations offered in shortterm, medium-term, and longterm interventions; with different scale of participations, ranging from individual and household to community and local government.

Editors, Prof. Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan, S.T., M.Sc., PhD. Universitas Indonesia Prof. Christopher Silver, PhD, FAICP, University of Florida Dr. Andrea Frank, PhD Cardiff University Diane V. Wildsmith, Msc. Arch, MIPP Universitas Indonesia Dr.-Ing. Ova Candra Dewi, S.T., M. Sc. Universitas Indonesia

ORGANIZERS Convenors

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Prof. Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan, S.T., M.Sc., PhD. Universitas Indonesia

Prof. Christopher Silver, PhD, FAICP University of Florida

Dr. Andrea Frank, PhD Cardiff University

Sc. Dr. Andrew Flynn Cardiff University

Steering Committee Dr. Hendri S. Budiono Dean of Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Dr. Ing. Ir. Dalhar Susanto, Universitas Indonesia Dr. Li Yu Cardiff University Dr. Chen Chun Chongqing Jiatong University Diane V. Wildsmith, Msc. Arch, MIPP Universitas Indonesia Dr. -Ing. Ova Candra Dewi, ST, M. Sc. Universitas Indonesia

Contributors Ir. Evawani Ellisa, M.Eng., Ph.D Universitas Indonesia Punto Wijayanto Universitas Trisakti Nurul Helen Universitas Indonesia Ahmad Gamal, Ph.D Universitas Indonesia

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Representative from Bukit Indah Community Health Center Pemerintah Kota Depok

Organizing Committee & Facilitators Mushab Abdu As-Syahid, S. Ars., M. Ars. Arga Patria Dranie Putra, S.T. Nurseto Nugroho, S.T. Hanifa Fijriah, S.Ars. Intan Findanavy, S.T. Cut Sannas Saskia, S.T. Aisyah, S.T. Rizka Felly, S.T.

Nia Namira Hanum, S.Pd.

IJSS Book Team Editor in Chief Prof. Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan S.T., M.Sc. Editors Prof. Christopher Silver, PhD, FAICP Dr. Andrea Frank, PhD

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Kani Muthmainnah, S.T.

Guest Editor Diane V. Wildsmith, Msc. Arch, MIPP Managing Coordinators Hedista Rani Pranata Widya Larasati Khusnul Hanifati Book Layout Amalia Ekasanti Nadia Irsalina Content Writer Fairuz Alfira Katisha Putrinaya Asyraf Muhammad Novita Hillary Christy D. Publishing Dian Apriliani

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Eco-City Live Project 2019

PART 1

xiv

INTRODUCTION Eco-City Live Project 2019

Prof. Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D.

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Department of Architecture Universitas Indonesia

First of all, I would like to thank everyone for your ongoing participation in the International Joint Studio and Seminar for the EcoCity Live Project 2019. I would like to thank everyone for your ongoing participation in the International Joint Workshop on the Eco-City Live Project. I would also like to thank our new Dean Dr. Hendri DS Boediono and our former Dean Prof. Dedi Priadi, DEA as well as the Vice Dean for Academic, Research and Student Affairs, Dr. Ir. M. Asvial, M. Eng, and our former Head, Prof. Yandi Andri Yatmo, Ph.D. for their efforts in making this research collaboration possible. Additionally, it is timely to recognize the enthusiasm and dedication of our colleague at the University of Florida, Dr. Christopher Silver. I would like to acknowledge the ongoing commitment of our colleagues from Cardiff University, Dr. Andrea Frank, Dr. Andrew Flynn, and Dr. Li Yu, who are consistently expanding our research horizons to strengthen the academic relationship. I would also like to commend Dr. Ir. R. Jachrizal Sumabrata, the new head of Civil Engineering Department and Dr. Gabriel Andari Kristanto for their individual contributions relative to grasping the complexity of traffic

engineering issues. Additionally, Dr. Evawani Ellisa, and Herlily, M. Urb. Des. have contributed enormously to our understanding of kampung life and the sensitive relationship with the respective communities. In particular, I would like to thank the Organizing Committee (Coriesta, Elita, and Ajeng) for their dedication in bringing us together. Furthermore, I am pleased to welcome students, researchers, and facilitators for

their energetic participation in this research collaboration. Also, I would like to thank everybody for coming to this Opening ceremony of the International Joint Studio and Seminar (IJSS) under the title of Eco-City Live Project 2019, Global Workshop in Green Urbanism.

From the outset, the field surveys bring us face-to-face with the challenges of living in a growing megapolitan region. It is a ‘Live’ Project in that the interaction between ourselves, the urban infrastructure and the environment are immediately tangible. The intense degree of traffic and the variety of modes of transport challenge us, even in the simplest human agency of crossing a busy street. Yet, movement, social

Next week we will shift from field surveys and data collection to imagining a sustainable future for the Jakarta and Depok megapolitan region. We will consider potential policy recommendations and design interventions to realize the future dream of sustainable eco-cities. We encourage you to consider not only technological possibilities but also recommendations which could considerably improve the quality of daily life in the community. Finally, an appreciation of Jakarta’s heritage, as a mercantile city, inherently adds to living in a sustainable eco-city.

Eco-City Live Project 2019

The Global Studio Workshop, which investigates the urban ecology, economy, and culture of Jakarta and Depok, is a continuation from our three years of joint research with the University of Florida and Cardiff University that was funded by the Institute for International Education from the US and the UK governments. The project ended in 2017, but we are committed to continuing the collaboration. This year we have 83 people participating in the Eco-City Live Project, with 28 graduate students from Cardiff University, 4 graduate students from the University of Florida and 30 graduate and undergraduate students from Universitas Indonesia.

interaction and living together is an inherent part of city life. In comparing and contrasting the basic living conditions in the kampungs with the reality of modern city life, we are confronted with issues of density, cultural identity, water, traffic and waste management. The kampungs represent a pedestrianized environment with small-scale housing and transport, which perforce of circumstances, become sustainable and responsive to basic human needs. On the other hand, the technological advances of modern ‘smart’ city development mean that monitoring water use, waste management, and air pollution will eventually trigger a change in citizen’s behavior, thus leading to the gradual development of ‘green’ infrastructure and ‘green’ cities. Thus, there are lessons to be learned from the intricacy and complexity of urban ecology.

Christopher Silver, PhD, FAICP

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Department of Urban and Regional Planning College of Design, Construction and Planning University of Florida

Professor Silver thanked Dean Hendri for the coffee gift and in turn he brought greetings from the University of Florida, particularly from the College of Design, Construction and Planning. He noted that the Florida students who have taken part in the studios over the past four years have benefitted immensely from the experience. Some now are practicing professional planners, one was

participating as a PhD student and now has his degree and another Florida student came here to finish his degree. The international students came to the Universitas Indonesia for the International Joint Studio and Seminar (IJSS) EcoCity Live Project to gain hands on experience with urban development issues within a very different context and to develop their capacity to engage in collaborative problem solving. The uniqueness of the January studio is that it combines the hands-on experience with data gathering and analysis with a carefully conceived structure of lectures and presentations to expand student knowledge about Jakarta, Depok and Indonesia in general. The University of Florida students said this experience was especially rewarding, because they were learning alongside students from the Universitas Indonesia and Cardiff University. In 2019, Chongqing Jiatong University students are also participating. Professor Silver shared the story about the origins of the IJSS project which began when the team of Dr. Kemas Kurniawan at the Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Architecture, along with Dr.

Getting to undertake research by going into communities within the Jakarta Metropolitan area was probably the most important learning experience because the

students engaged in some real life, real world challenges. The case studies to them to many parts of the Jakarta Megapolitan area, such as a community South Tangerang seeking to improve healthy conditions, or working in Depok on their Smart City Initiative, and in Kota Tua to assess how an historic community was seeking to be more resilient in the face of regular flooding. More than 200 students from the three partners have participated in this experience over the past four years and have tried to bring knowledge and skills to a real life situation. Professor Silver concluded by noting that the collaboration between students from different universities was the main project objective and on this point, it was a success. While currently in the throes of this year’s projects, the team will also make time during this studio/seminar to plan for the next one. He also commented about the quality of the student group presentation that day and noted that these were the result of the team working together intensively for just the past two days and he congratulated all of the participants for getting so much done in such a short time and was eagerly awaiting their final products.

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Andrea Frank, Dr. Andrew Flynn and Dr. Li Yu from Cardiff University and Dr. Silver’s team from the University of Florida, secured a grant from the Global Innovation Initiative (GII) from the US and the UK governments, which enabled students and faculty from these institutions to spend two weeks examining green infrastructure challenges in Depok and Jakarta while being hosted at the Universitas Indonesia. The US and UK governments supported the project through the GII grant for the first two studio/seminar experiences. It is also important to note that each of the three partner institutions also added critical support, especially to enable faculty to participate. The project brought students together around critical issues related to how cities and communities used infrastructure interventions, especially around the challenge of providing clean water, to advance sustainability objectives. He also said that another key outcome of the collaboration is that now the Universitas Indonesia has a master in sustainability collaborative program for S2 (masters) and S1 (bachelors) students and they also created a joint program with architecture and interior design with Florida.

Dr. Hendri S. Budiono

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Dean of the Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia

The Faculty of Engineering Dean's opening remarks were quite unconventional as he played a flute to the tune of Indonesian pop song, titled ‘Damai Bersamamu’ (Peace be with you). After the performance he continued with his speech, welcoming all participants. Dr. Hendri S. Budiono introduced the Faculty of Engineering of Universitas Indonesia, as the biggest faculty in the university with more than 6,200 students, 217 lecturers, and 87 staff. He also stated that the collaboration between the four universities is especially beneficial for the students and hoped that it will be continued in the future. He opened the workshop by using a mallet to hit the ceremonial gong. Then Dean Hendri continued with another unconventional gesture, ending his remarks by inviting the participants to enjoy coffee that he brewed and served himself, creating a friendly and a relaxed atmosphere to continue the seminar.

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Dr. Ing. Ir. Dalhar Susanto Head of the Department of Architecture Universitas Indonesia

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Dr. Dalhar wished that the workshop would bestow benefits to all of the participants, the lecturers, the staff and most importantly the students. The students may experience Jakarta as a whole by observing its daily life, its unique situation, and the problems the megacity faces. These experiences may give new perspectives to similar challenges faced in emerging cities around the world.

Mr. Susanto thanked all of the participants for joining the opening ceremony and welcomed the new participants to this workshop, a faculty member and students Chongqing Jiaotong University in China, who joined the program for the first time this year. Dr. Dalhar continued with thanks to the facilitators, Prof. Silver, Prof. Kemas Ridwan, Dr. Andrea Frank, Dr. Andrew Flynn, Dr. Li Yu, Dr. Chen Chun, and Dr. Ova Candra Dewi, who made the workshop possible. 8

He mentioned his three targets for the IJSS program. First, is for the program to continue in the future. Second, is to generate a recognizable academic outcome, such as a joint publication for a scientific paper or as an international journal article, in addition to the published book which has been, and remains, an important output. Third, he hoped that the foreign students may visit UI not only for this studio/seminar, but also for a longer term by taking one or two courses in the architecture or engineering departments.

Eco-City Live Project 2019

PROGRAMS

The International Joint Studio and Seminar (IJSS), Eco-City Live Project 2019, is a two-week workshop program co-organized by the Universitas Indonesia (the host), the University of Florida, Cardiff University, and Chongqing Jiaotong University. It is one component of a collaborative project to investigate various planning and development issues and subsequently to develop policy recommendations and interventions that may promote the transition of Jakarta as a major urban agglomeration to become a more sustainable Eco-City. More than 50 students and 7 faculty members from these universities took part in the January 2019 International Joint Studio and Seminar. The student participants were divided into four groups to address the following issues within an area of the Jakarta Megapolitan Region: Resilience and Climate Change Adaptation; the Smart and Mobile City; Healthy City Communities; and Cultural and Community-Led City, with a specific focus on heritage. Each group focused on their own designated site for a case study. They needed to study their site, develop a research question to guide their investigation, and provide results from this research within

two weeks. The groups made two presentations, a preliminary progress report held on Day 5, and a final presentation on the last day of the studio/ seminar. The final product of this two week research and analysis became the basis for continued work on the cases by the Cardiff students as a component of their Eco-City Master’s degree requirement, and by the Universitas Indonesia students to offer a more complete assessment which is contained in this publication. Although the students from Chongqing Jiantong University and the University of Florida were not required to continue with this research as part of their degree program, they were key contributors to the preliminary output. One of the UF students who participated in the 2019 Joint Studio and Seminar indicated his/her intention to use the background material from the January studio to frame a master’s thesis. Over the remainder of the Spring 2019 semester, four teams of Department of Architecture students, who had participated in the January research finalized their projects and wrote up the results that serve as the core materials for this publication.

PROGRAM REPORT

NATIONAL LIBRARY OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

The exhibition highlighted results from the annual program when architecture students visit various areas in Indonesia to study their vernacular architecture as well as their daily life and cultural context. This year’s destination was the Island of Seram, North Maluku. A representative of the student team that prepared the exhibition explained the project findings to the IJSS participants, which were conveyed through posters, dioramas, and models of architecture highlighting the cultural and/or religious practices of the natives of Seram.

Eco-City Live Project 2019

The first program for IJSS 2019 included a visit to the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia in Central Jakarta. The participants were welcomed by a representative of the library, who was tasked with leading tours through the library’s museum. Here the students learned about the history of literacy in Indonesia involving traditional written language, writing materials, the habit of reading among Indonesians, and they were able to view the interior workrooms of the librarians.

PROGRAM REPORT

Eco-City Live Project 2019

KAMPUNG LUAR BATANG

The participants visited Kampung Luar Batang in Penjaringan, North Jakarta. From the Maritime Museum (Museum Bahari), the participants walked through the former Fish Market (Pasar Ikan, previously demolished by Jakarta government) and crossed a canal by a small ferry to reach the kampung. Most of the area on the way to Kampung Luar Batang was filled with garbage and sedimentation, and the air was polluted. Kampung Luar Batang has the oldest mosque in Jakarta, a recognized historic place that thousands annual come to see. After taking praying breaks in the Luar Batang Mosque, the participants went to a community hall adjacent to the Mosque, to meet Mr. Daeng Mansyur, a community leader. Mr. Mansyur is the gatekeeper of Kampung Luar Batang who has resided in the area for over 40 years and has helped to accommodate various research projects related to this historic community. In the session, Pak Daeng Mansur delivered the history of Kampung Luar Batang. Legend has it that the village is the oldest in Batavia, built around the 16th-century by Habib Husein. His tomb is located in the mosque, attracting visitors from many parts of Jakarta especially during special days in Islamic calendar. Pak Daeng told the IJSS participants that Sunda Kelapa Harbor was still active when the kampung was built. Its docks were filled with ships and merchants and the ships’ crews, which in fact

became the initial inhabitants of the kampung. He noted that the kampung remains strongly bonded to the port and the northern sea. Pak Daeng remembered the time when his house was elevated above the street, but now it sits one-half meter below the street level. The kampung’s main issues are the non-existent piped drinkable water and the regular floods that afflict the community. The kampung’s location is where previously the sea was located. The soil is thin and the water it contains is salty. It is not possible for the villagers to get water from their own well due to the high water table or from the surrounding rivers and canals because they are polluted with garbage and other toxic materials. They must rely on bottled water for daily consumption. The regular flooding is caused by rising sea level and land subsidence from removing groundwater from the aquifer below, resulting in sinking house foundations. However, Pak Daeng admitted that most of the time the villagers did not think this as a catastrophe. To avoid skin rashes, they are satisfied with applying mosquito repellent lotion to their skin. Right after the level of water has reduced, they just proceed with cleaning up the house. According to Pak Daeng, there has been neither government assistance nor a plan from the government for a permanent solution. Yet, the villagers did not seek any assistance and they prefer to reach a community-led solution.

PROGRAM REPORT

KOTA TUA

is currently used as a cafe and restaurant. The participants also visited Toko Merah (Red Shop), another VOC era building that was built as the settlement for the Governor General of the Dutch East Indies Gustaaf Willem, Baron van Imhoff (1743-1750). Toko Merah is in better condition when compared to the other two buildings. The walking tour ended in Fatahillah Square on which sits the Batavia City Hall, or stadhuis in Dutch, which is now the city museum. Fatahillah Square is surrounded by a large court and rows of heritage buildings. The participants were given a free time to visit these heritage buildings, before ending the day with a welcoming dinner at a local restaurant.

Eco-City Live Project 2019

After the visit to Kampung Luar Batang, the participants continued the field trip to Kota Tua (Old Town). Kota Tua is the historical area in Jakarta where the Dutch settled and developed Batavia. Previously, it was a walled city established in the 17th-century. The participants visited several historical spots, beginning with The Maritime Museum. The museum was initially a warehouse belonging to the Dutch East India Company (the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC) Unfortunately, a fire burned parts of its collection and its roof structure in 2018, so it was not possible to go inside. The trip continued to Galangan Kapal which was the VOC era shipyard where maintenance and repairs were done for the ships docking in Batavia. The building

PROGRAM REPORT

Eco-City Live Project 2019

CIMANGGIS HOUSE

The Depok site visits included the historic Tjimanggis House, also known as Cimanggis House. The tour of Tjimanggis House was led by Ibu Tiba, head of the Depok Heritage Community. Tjimanggis house is a VOC-era country house (“landhuis” in Dutch) located in Sukmajaya, Depok. Its history began from the Pal Market, a market that was used as a transit area for people travelling between Jakarta and Bogor. The market’s owner, Johanna, decided to build a country house nearby to support her business venture. Johanna was the widow of Albertus van de Parra who was the Governor 14

General of VOC between 1761 - 1775. Her distant cousin, David Smith, designed the house that was built between 1755 and 1758. The house is in Dutch architecture style, but with considerations to the local climate. It is the only country house still existing in modern Depok. However, despite its historical value, the house only managed to be established as a heritage building late in 2018. This establishment was made possible by the support of groups such as the DHC and affirmed through the West Java Cultural Heritage Expert Team (Tim Ahli Cagar Budaya, TACB).

PROGRAM REPORT

The house is located on a site in the company compound of the national radio, Radio Republic Indonesia, and was used as a settlement facility for their employees. It once housed thirteen families, who constructed their own bathrooms, wells, walls, and additional doors in the house to fit their needs. These families left the house between 2002-2003 due to the lack of maintenance fund provided by the company causing the house to be neglected. This is when the house started to suffer damage leading to its present state. Diba mentioned also that its condition worsened by thievery and vandalism. One of the stolen objects was the wooden ornament on ventilation above a door. This luckily has returned and is currently kept in the government office.

The compound ownership currently belongs to the Ministry of Religion that is planning to build the Indonesian International Islamic University on the site, without necessarily including the heritage building in its planning. Local preservationists placed an emphasis on the urgency to conserve the architectural heritage, before Tjimanggis House either further falls apart completely or is demolished during the new university construction.

Eco-City Live Project 2019

The house has a symmetrical floor plan and a veranda surrounding the house in a continuous manner. Service areas such as kitchen, bath, and rooms for the slaves are located nearby, but none of them survived. The house itself is in a dilapidated condition. It has lost most of its roof and ornaments. Its walls are covered with moss and the paint is peeling off. This condition, according to Ibu Diba, is related to the house inhabitants.

PROGRAM REPORT

Eco-City Live Project 2019

DEPOK CITY

The participants visited Depok City Government Offices in a complex of buildings on Margonda Raya. The Head of Depok Information and Communication Services, Mr. Sidik Mulyono explained to the participants concerning development of Depok’s Smart City program. Under Mayor K.H. Dr. Mohammad Idris’s leadership beginning in 2016, Depok City endorsed a Vision as an ‘Excellent, Pleasant, and Religious City’, which involved carrying out the following five steps: 1. Professionally and transparently improve the public service quality; 2. Promote religious, competitive, and creative human capital development; 3. Promote independent and fair economic policies; 4. Ensure an environment for families based on the principle of equality-oriented infrastructure and public spaces construction; and 5. Implementation of religious values and community awareness and maintaining connections between the government and its citizens. Depok City has three flagship programs that seek to realize the zero waste city, smart healthy city, and family resilience city. The Smart City Program identified the following areas of emphasis for Depok: 1.

Smart society, to accommodate interaction, learning processes, and the safety of the citizens; 2. Smart living. to build infrastructure that support healthy living, and improve the public transportation system; Smart economy, including industries, public welfares, and transaction systems management; 3. Smart environment, to protect the environment through waste, sanitation, and energy control; 4. Smart branding, to have a suitable city brand; and 5. Smart government, to realize the smart city framework, improving public service, bureaucratic processes, and policies. The participants also visited the Depok City Operations Room which provides the Information Technology (IT) infrastructure for the Depok Smart City program. It includes an information center which displays images from CCTVs located in various spots in the city. The room is integrated with emergency lines to speed up responses in the event of an emergency.

PROGRAM REPORT

BUKIT INDAH

The neighborhood won an award for their Taman TOGA (Herb Garden) in 2016. They also have other ongoing environmental programs such as Bank Sampah (Waste Bank), Kelompok Wanita

Tani (Female Farmer Group), Bersih Jum’at (Cleaning Friday), Taman Makam Kucing (Cats’ Graveyard), fish livestock breeding, and a community workout every Sunday.

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Some participants visited the neighborhood, Komplek Bukit Indah RW 07, in Ciputat, South Tangerang. They were received by the head of the RW 07, I Gede Umbaran, and the head of the Community Health Center, Mr. Salmun. From Mr. Salmun, the participants received information on the environmental conditions in the neighborhood.

The participants also had a walking tour of the herb garden, led by a member of the neighborhood. The benefits and composition of the herb garden were explained by a member of the neighborhood, who also mentioned that every house grew at least ten different varieties of herbs. The high participation level from the members of this neighborhood has helped to increase the healthy environment for its inhabitants.

PROGRAM REPORT

Eco-City Live Project 2019

REVIEW BY PEMKOT DEPOK

The International Joint Studio & Seminar Eco-City Live Project 2019 has conducted another seminar which material delivered by Sidik Mulyono, the Head of Communication and Information Department of Depok City Government. The theme was Depok’s current implementation of ‘smart government’, which is one of the six pillars of smart city implementation. Pak Mulyono started with the fact that Depok is a satellite city – a smaller metropolitan area near to a larger metropolitan area – that stood in between Jakarta and Bogor, two of Java’s biggest cities. It is also a relatively new city, means that the government takes precedents from their sister cities in making policies, including the Smart City concept which was first implemented in Jakarta. At the time of the seminar, the Depok government has just launched its smart city program and city control room. The Government of Depok realizes that the biggest challenge in the Smart City concept implementation are the citizens. “We need to make the citizen smart first,” said Pak Mulyono. He implied that rather than spending more budget on services and facilities that the citizen may or

may not know the function, it would be better to first prioritize educating the citizen. Depok has suffered from the chronic Depok has suffered from chronic traffic jams, and yet the citizens still opt for private transportation. More citizens are now converting to private online transportation, such as Gojek and Grab, but the streets remained packed. It is important to have citizens rely more on public transportation to deal with this issue. Depok has the busway and KRL train stations, but these stations were not yet well integrated with the other public transport systems.

PROGRAM REPORT

twelve surnames, one for each servant. Since the servants came from different ethnic backgrounds, this made Depok had some kind of cultural accumulation from local cultures, other Indonesian cultures, and Dutch colonial culture. The government attempt to preserve the multitude of intangible local heritage through annual festivals. Even though the twelve surnames (now called Belanda-Depok) have become minorities, they still participate in the annual festival by having a community booth that is sponsored by the government.

Pak Mulyono delivered concluding remarks that the government could not implement the Smart City concept alone – it should be a communal effort from all stakeholders including the government, citizens, and third parties (e.g., private online transportation companies).

One of the festivals called the “Depok Festival” is held annually to commemorate Depok City’s anniversary. The government is trying to re-introduce the existing local communities in Depok, such as the Belanda-Depok, Betawi-Depok, Sunda-Depok, etc. through booths and a parade. A traditional dance competition for elementary and middle schools around Depok is also held in this festival. The dancers performed Tari Topeng Cisalak, one of Depok City’s traditional dances. The government wishes these kinds of dance competitions and cultural exhibitions to be continued in the future.

The next discussion is about how to preserve the heritage and culture in Depok City. Pak Mulyono said that Depok is a historically important area. The urban history began with Cornelis Chastelein, who bought the land in 1696. Chastelein employed twelve servants that came from outside of Java and gave them

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Other public education policies are in the making, such as electronic ticketing for illegal traffic violations. Like its predecessor, the City of Bandung, Depok City has only started on developing their own Automatic Traffic Control System (ATCS). ATCS is supposed to prevent road users from breaking the laws, and to help track down road users when necessary. Depok City has also reach the Health Department, in which they developed an app to further facilitate the citizen’s need of good health services, and to reduce queuing times in hospitals.

Eco-City Live Project 2019

PROGRAM REPORT

Other than its people and culture, Depok is also rich in heritage buildings, of which most are still unknown. Among the least known heritage buildings are: the Old House in Pondok Cina, currently under the management of Margo City and the Chastelein’s House, which is now used by Yayasan Lembaga Cornelis Chastelein (YLCC). The other buildings are not properly inventoried as yet and have not been listed as heritage buildings. Rumah Cimanggis is the first heritage building in Depok City that finally has received protection under the heritage law in 2018. However, the government has not decided on the next step, due to the limited resource and the absence of a heritage department in the government body. According to UU No. 11 year 2010, the preservation of a heritage sites must be coordinated by a team of experts. Therefore, the government is trying to build up a team of heritage expertise through workshops held under the resources of the Depok City Government to research other historical buildings. The city officials stated that they are also open for development plan suggestions from this workshop.

PROGRAMS

After each group had presented the material, the closing ceremony continued with each lecturer providing some closing statements. Eventually, the lecturers hoped that this workshop program can be continued in the future, primarily because this program gives a lot of benefits to the participants. The final result of the research will be given to each one of the universities to continue their respective work for publication.

but also the technology used, the methods to prevent disasters, a further analysis of the respective places and their history and culture, plus the efforts by respective citizens to create healthy communities. Since the Jakarta-Depok megapolitan region continues to develop at a fast pace, this demands a continuous process of research and analysis about the changing elements in the cityscape. The results of this workshop only covered select areas of the megapolitan region, but offered, nevertheless, new ideas on how a city could be improved from an ecological approach. Most importantly, the students who participated gained a deeper appreciation of the complexity of the urban challenges and how important it is to utilize various forms of analysis to derive useful interventions.

Eco-City Live Project 2019

The International Joint Studio and Seminar (IJSS) – Eco-City Project 2019 closed with presentations from each group. In summary, each group explained about their case study, analysis, and their recommendations to resolve the issues that were identified in their research findings. The participants also had a discussion session with the lecturers and facilitators, to complete the analysis for the next book publication. The participants also prepared a poster that summarized the content of their analysis.

This workshop gave a broader perspective on how could a city be sustainable, not only from the infrastructure development, 21

Eco-City Live Project 2019

PART 2

L E C T U R E S Eco-City Live Project 2019

Urban Heritage and HUL Punto Wijayanto

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Department of Architecture Universitas Trisakti This modern era provides challenges and opportunities in safeguarding historical building in Indonesia. There are various ways in conserving an old building and its contexts, but on this occasion we will focus on the Historical Urban Landscape (HUL) method. The use of this method in Indonesia was included in the “Heritage City” program initiated by the Ministry of Public Works. It attempts to reactivate historical buildings and their artifacts throughout Indonesia. The “Heritage City” project responds to Indonesian cities and their respective urban development. Its main goal is to preserve the valuable historical building and its landscape, but the most important thing is to keep the cultural and historical value of any city in Indonesia. In order to preserve those cultural and historical values, there are three aspects that should be considered carefully: 1. The buildings which is going to be preserved; 2. The spatial planning of the whole area related to the objects; and also, 3. The local cultural heritage which carries the

city’s identity. All of these three aspects above have been managed in Indonesian urban planning policies, using the newest law established in 2010. The main gist of the policy toward a preserved object is, “[T]he historical object should be protected, but the related contexts and the cultural landscape have to be considered as well”. Some questions that should be asked in this project are: “What are the benefits of protecting the object?” and “Is there any future in handling the preserved objects?” plus, “How does the preserved object become useful for the people?”

FUNCTION

FORM

SPACE

Figure 1. Basic principle of heritage conservation planning.

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Figure 2. Participants of P3KP (Heritage City Planning and Conservation Program).

According to Indonesian heritage law and the HUL method, there are two steps to investigate a heritage object, in particular an architectural object. First is to consider the context, communities, and landscape of the heritage site to recognize and conserve the values of the architecture object. The researcher should consider these questions:

1. How do the local communities and visitors act towards the object? 2. Do they have the sense of belonging towards the object? The next step is to put the benefits for all stakeholders into consideration. Two of the main stakeholders are the local government and local or surrounding inhabitants. Local government should gain enough benefit, in particular economic profit, at par with them bearing the main responsibility of this conservation. This benefit can be reaped by using the architectural object as a business entity. The inhabitants should receive a benefit as well in terms of developing their economy, social, educational, or any relevant aspect from the site that may increase their sense of belonging and thereby ensure proper maintenance in the future.

Eco-City Live Project 2019

The method used is called the Historical Urban Landscape/HUL that was introduced in 2011 by UNESCO. The main goal of this method is to have an integration of historical and architectural values derived from a building within its urban context setting. The reason is that in order to preserve an object, a significant value of this object should be revived. In terms of a historical building, the significant value is in the linkage that connects the building to the city where it is located. For example, the building might be part of the city’s identity or perhaps it was involved in some other way.

LECTURES Figure 3. Stages of P3KP

Stages of P3KP Phase 1 : Submission of Proposal of Interest Phase 2 : Preparation of Heritage Action Plan (RAKP) Phase 3 : Signing of Memo of Agreement (Penandatanangan Komitmen) Phase 4 : Preparation of Development Plan (RTBL) Phase 5 : Preparation of Detail Plan (Perencanaan Teknis) Phase 6 : Implementation (Fisik) Phase 7 : Follow Up of Program with other Ministries / Organizations

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Figure 4. Restoration of “Fort Oranje” in Ternate.

2013

The condition of the Oranje Fortress is quite alarming and is dominated by slums. The Ternate City Government is willing to relocate the people in the slums and propose revitalization of the Oranje Fortress to the Ministry of PUPR.

2014

Revitalization of Oranje Fortress creates public space for the community and significantly reduces slum settlements in Ternate City.

Figure 5. Paradigm shifting on management of heritage city.

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Eco-City Live Project 2019

Health and The Environment Dr. Andrew Flynn

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Department of Geography and Planning Cardiff University

The terms “health” and “environment” have much more complex and complicated meanings than what is known. Questioning these meanings means bringing forward different contexts that cause them to surface. For example, the meaning of “environment” in Europe will be different from its meaning in Asia, or in North America. Older persons would have a totally different idea of “health” or “ill-health” compared to the young. Women have a very different idea of health from men. A scientist needs to recognize and fully engage himself with these complex and complicated meanings and definitions. Think about the city as a site of knowledge, culture, and employment or as an ill-health site which suffers air, water, waste, and noise pollution or as an urban environment, which has long been accepting stress as a part of its daily life. To prevent these ill-health meanings, one may investigate through the perspective of healthy city planning and design. A healthy city is about the way the urban space is designed, planned, and made distinctive. It is also about how its inhabitants wish to use the space,

and the importance of physical environment. Concurrently, it gives us the opportunities to choose to live in a healthier or lesshealthier life. Researchers need to question their development strategies. Often times these strategies would bring ideas about how the economy, society, and environment may be combined. In fact, the deeper the development strategy is investigated, the less provident the scientist would be, fearing the probability of being unable to deliver any beneficial result. This is the challenge for the

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Their lifestyle, their interaction towards the environment and the society, and their attitude on health, will give data that may be interpreted into different notions

Health

Figure 1. Overlapping systems could bring positive re-enforcement through shared agenda.

of “environment.” Even after receiving such data, researchers should also think about the knowledge. “What kind of form should it use to be able to transfer?” For example, scientific or technical knowledge may be legitimate, but sometimes knowledge may face challenges from the society as the citizens have their own view towards their environment. This may occur due to the difference in understandings on the subject. This also may affect the choice of knowledge to be delivered.

Eco-City Live Project 2019

participants. “How, within the short time in Jakarta, the participants may uncover as many challenges as possible in the development strategy?” The deeper the challenges, the higher probability would be to produce a good result. Researchers should observe the way people use spaces as this is something that is often times unpredictable.

An example about this is in regards to an air pollution information application. This application affects how people act in a day, especially those with some respiratory problems, as they might become highly cautious. People with respiratory conditions may utilize taxis instead of other forms of public transport to avoid the pollution or refuse to commute if not totally necessary. The decision would be based on individual experience which shaped ones formed by prior knowledge. 29

Spatial Development and Utilization of Public Space in Surrounding Commuter Line Stations Ir. Evawani Ellisa, M. Eng., Ph.D.

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Department of Architecture Universitas Indonesia

Dr. Evawani Ellisa, one of the associate professors in the Department of Architecture at the Universitas Indonesia, presented a paper written in collaboration with one of her former graduate students, Rizky Ramadityo. The paper was entitled, “Spatial Development and Public Life in Surrounding Commuter Line Stations.” The problem is that in Jakarta, there are 3.5 million commuters, who live in the Jakarta megapolitan buffer cities of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi. Traffic issues and private auto-dependency have become two of the main problems in the Jabodetabek region. The most common public transportation mode to connect the buffer areas and Jakarta is the Kereta Rel Listrik (KRL Commuterline) Railway system, so train activity starts to become the common urban culture in Jabodetabek, aligned with the private automobile culture that already dominated the city and metropolitan region for years. The stations have the possibility to become the center for the future railway-oriented development.

The focus of this research is on the formation of the public spaces around the KRL Commuterline stations with an emphasis on the presence of the flyovers. As the main aim of the flyovers is to pass above the railway crossing, which can reduce traffic jams and increase the safety level of the auto-mobile users, the flyovers inadvertently provide shade that shelters new spots for people’s activities and become gathering places.

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The spatial presence beneath the flyovers in front the stations area potentially is utilized by several actors who have their own specific roles. In this context, the main actors of space occupation are the pedestrians who are mostly KRL Commuter Line passengers. The

presence of the pedestrians is seen as tempting, captive potential market by the supporting actors, such as hawkers, ojek drivers, angkot drivers, and TransJakarta crews. Then, to establish their ‘offices,’ these actors begin to occupy the spaces around the periphery that are occupied by the pedestrians. In the spaces beneath the flyovers, the public area is formed from the negative space, and becomes spots where the pedestrian passersbys always gather together. Then, the flow of people passing through various activities shapes the public perception that the area can be freely accessible for public use. That fluid condition triggers the other supporting actors, such as hawkers, ojek drivers, angkot driver, and TransJakarta crew to overflow and occupy the surrounding street space and have

Eco-City Live Project 2019

There are two chosen stations located on the Bogor-Jakarta Kota Line, which are the Duren Kalibata Station and the Tebet Station, because both stations have the presence of flyovers. The surroundings of the Duren Kalibata Station include different kinds of building functions, namely apartments, government offices, shopping centers and hotels. It means the Duren Kalibata Station becomes the final destination for the office employees and the residents. Underneath the flyover is mostly occupied by the pedestrians and the street musicians. Online ojek drivers and street vendors also take part of the space to wait for their customers. Compared to the Duren Kalibata Station, the surroundings of the Tebet Station also show different kinds of building functions, but more densely packed. In the rush hour, most of the commuter line passengers stop at the Tebet Station and transfer to another transportation mode, such as the TransJakarta Busway to reach their various destinations in the Kuningan Business District. The main actors on the west side that occupy the space beneath the flyover are pedestrians, street vendors and TransJakarta crews. On the east side, the space is used as the rest area for the bums (gelandangan) and some of the TransJakarta crews.

Figure 1. The commuters’ intentions are to rest on pedestrians.

Eco-City Live Project 2019

LECTURES

their activities along the porous edges. As a result, semi-private spaces are formed, as it happened at the Tebet Station. The function of the semi-private space is directly related to the actors within the public areas that spontaneously support the angkot’s operational space for passenger pickups in order to provide transportation for the pedestrians and commuters. Then, the supporting actors establish a private area as their resting place inbetween the public and the private places. The activities within the private space are considered as private ones, as they do not have any relation with the actors within the public area, such as sitting and having conversations, eating, laying down and even playing chess. This brings out a kind of public perception that the area is not accessible by the public, which prevent pedestrians from occupying it. From this phenomenon, it can be seen that a residual space beneath the flyover can actually be divided into more residual spaces, depending

on how public people can access it. Afterwards, the supporting actors see those ‘untouched spaces’ as a potential space to be occupied. The residual spaces beneath the flyovers are unplanned. But, with the presence of the stations nearby, those spaces appear as if they are created to accommodate the actors. In this case, the space beneath the observed flyovers is located within the strategic locations from the stations and these places can be clearly seen from the station exit, and vice versa. Beside those, the residual space beneath the flyovers is located in the middle of the main street, which means the pedestrians can easily see the surrounding environment, such as streets, sidewalks, and buildings. Consequently, the pedestrians are at ease to determine their next destination. The messiness within the space can be seen from the number of space occupancy types who are

Figure 2. Situation at the street near Bojong Gede Station. The absence of proper pedestrian area caused vehicles and street vendors are all mixed up with pedestrians. Messy and chaotic situation becomes typical sight of busy streets in Indonesia cities.

LECTURES

The emergence of various actors that occupy the space beneath the flyovers creates a specific spatial quality as a ‘public space’ where many people perform their various activities as well as have multiple interactions. These dynamic conditions are in accordance with the definition of Public Space by UNESCO. Compared to the public space criteria by PPS (2009), the most fulfilling aspect within the

area is ‘access and linkage.’ The second one is ‘uses and activities.’ Meanwhile, ‘sociability’ and ‘comfort’ aspects are not fulfilled, because the emergence of those residual spaces are unplanned and in a state of flux. The reason for the people’s activities is because they have necessary reasons to be there, in order to catch transportation modes and to connect with their respective destinations. Meanwhile, according to their respective preferences, the ‘sociability’ and ‘comfort’ aspects refer to the places which are comfortable enough for people to have social interactions and to have their rest and relaxation. In other words, people choose to go a specific place, although they have any specific reason. In recent time, the Government of DKI Jakarta begin to change the people’s mobility from the automobile oriented into the transitoriented by adding and upgrading the quality of transit nodes. Giving a suggestion the current effort on major improvement of station should be complemented by improvement facilities and amenities at the level of pedestrian walking road. Thus, by the observation and analysis, an expectation to open each of stakeholder’s mind and can reduce or dismiss the confusion to define the term of ‘messiness’, so the further arrangement of the public spaces (especially the transit node) can be ideally done and can bring advantages for the entire stakeholders.

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in violation of the spatial norms. One of the examples is the hawkers that occupy part of the pedestrian area and part of the street to sell their stuffs with their motorcycles parked on the edge of the street, plus their space privatization for sitting and lying down. Actually, the DKI Jakarta local city government has established specific rules for pedestrian areas that are only for pedestrians. In fact, with the reason of “working spaces for people’s livelihoods,” the pedestrian areas are also occupied by other actors. Furthermore, there are many street musicians who sit on the sidewalk, but still give space for pedestrians at the front. The space is also occupied by motorcycle parking. In order to avoid greater conflict, the actors try to compromise with the city government officials by ordering their occupation, so there is still enough space that can be utilized according to its original function of accommodating pedestrians. The city government intervenes by making TransJakarta stops to support pedestrian mobility. Finally, both the government and the actors involved try to create a neutral equilibrium in order to prevent greater conflict.

Resilient Jakarta? Challenge Initiatives Christopher Silver, PhD, FAICP

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Department of Urban and Regional Planning College of Design, Construction and Planning University of Florida

Resilience is “the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties” or, put another way, it is “the ability of a substance or object to spring back into shape” which reflects “elasticity.” The notion of resilience has become a widely cited descriptor for cities that confront ongoing challenges, sometimes even catastrophic events, but then through a combination of factors “weather the storm” and restore to normalcy and perhaps even use the catastrophic event as a springboard to achieve some long term improvements. Resilience is often used in the same breath as sustainability, but to my thinking, we use sustainability to seek long term transformation based upon widely shared objectives. It involves a fundamental set of transformations that lead to some desired outcome over a long period of time. On the other hand, resilience is more immediate; it is, in the short run, adjustments or interventions that restore balance and enable the place or the institution to continue. So, in fact, they are complementary, but ought to be regarded as distinct. When we apply this notion of resilience to Jakarta, it is clear

that the city and its surrounding satellite urban areas, such as Depok, have faced ongoing challenges. The question mark that I imposed in the title of this talk is to consider whether the Jakarta has been able to “spring back” and “to recover quickly” from the various challenges that regularly confront this megaurban region and threaten to throw it into an unbalanced state. Let’s look at the record and do so first by taking the longer historical view. Jakarta as a settlement, as we discovered when we had a conversation with one of the neighborhood leaders in Luar Batang last week, has been an ongoing place of habitation and commerce since the 5th-century, with periods of great challenge from outside powers, such as when the Dutch came in the early 1600’s, burned down the original settlement near Sunda Kelapa, and established in its place the colonial city of Batavia, from which modern Jakarta has been derived. As the historical record shows, for at least thirty or forty

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Yet at the same time, if we look at cities from an internal perspective, that is, how they function on a dayto-day basis and face challenges to the normal course of their existence, and in particular the communities that make up the city fabric, we confront a very different situation. Cities are constantly in motion, subject to continuous change and metamorphosis because

Figure 1. Housing crisis in Jakarta. (Source: https://www.straitstimes. com/opinion/180-malls-in-jakarta-as-50-million-peopleneed-basic-homes)

they are regularly influenced by externalities that might not threaten their existence as a place, but that induce changes that constitute destructions on a smaller scale. And how the respective city responds to these changes is an indication of their capacity to bounce back, or their resilience. In the case of Jakarta, there have been some a consistent set of externalities that have challenged its resilience. These include continuous largescale inmigration of a large groups of poor rural peoples who need shelter, jobs and services. This has been the case since the beginning of Indonesia’s independence in 1950. Other Indonesian cities also grew since then, Surabaya, Medan and Bandung to name the largest. But I also remember a meeting with the director of planning in Bandung several decades ago and we asked him how they controlled population growth in the city. He said quite simply we tell all new industries to go to Jakarta and this tend to push the population there so as not to over-burden Bandung. Because of the continuous streaming of population to Jakarta, the city has had a continuous challenge of addressing the need for affordable housing, which explains why the city has experienced so many crowded informal settlements that spring up along its rivers, railway lines, northern coastal

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years, this new Batavia settlement was under assault by several of the indigenous kingdoms on Java that were attempting to expel the Dutch, but Batavia prevailed, and not until the invasion of Indonesia and the seizure of Batavia by Japan four centuries later (in 1942) did this city ever face the any external threat sufficient enough to suggest that it might not survive. There are examples in world history where cities actually disappear, or are so completely destroyed that they cannot survive, but I would suggest that by and large cities by their very complexity and grounding in space makes them resilient by their very nature when considered as a whole.

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industrial/commercial areas and other marginal spots throughout the metropolis. At key points in Jakarta’s development, the housing crisis has threatened to overwhelm the city. But through initiatives by local government in concert with the national government short term intervention to relieve the pressures of crowded kampungs, the housing crisis is addressed.

Unfortunately, some of these resilience initiatives involve removal of these crowded, substandard housing units, which for the residents is not a case of resilience. In fact, many of these informal settlements have existed for a substantial period, and in these cases, resilience requires using community pressure to overcome the threat of removal. One North Jakarta kampong, Tongkol, recently demonstrated resilience in the face of a Jakarta government plan to remove it because it encroached on a riverfront. The community proposed removal of the front room of their homes to create the required setback of open space from the settlement to the river channel, to landscape the waterfront in this open space they created, to remove trash in the river and, in doing so, bought a reprieve from the former Jakarta government and a celebrated status among the embattled informal communities.

At the same time, several other Ciliwung River informal settlements in East Jakarta made similar efforts to keep their communities in place, but both were removed anyway. In the case of one of these communities, the displaced residents were able to secure improved housing in a new nearby development that actually led to an improved life for the displaced residents. However, residents of the other were forced to resettle far from their old places of residence, far from their work, and without having improved housing. So resilience at the community scale is directly reliant on the capacity to find ways to navigate within the local political arena. The onset of massive flooding that has crippled the city over the past two decades has led for calls by some to remove the

Figure 2. Massive flooding in Jakarta, 2013. Roads that have turned into rivers. (Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/ world-asia-21054769)

And also in the other critical area that has historically crippled the megacity, that is, managing a city with too many cars and without a viable public transit system, was initially addressed by the implementation of a bus rapid transit system in the early 2000s. This was initially done as a short term response to the crisis of mobility, and initially criticized as not enough. But in face it demonstrated resilience in the face of inadequate resources for the type of transit system the city needed. Decades of efforts to bring a subway, a light rail system and also high speed trains has finally produced a forthcoming integrated

system that promises to upgrade the transportation resilience just when it is most needed for the mega-urban region. But the BRT demonstrated Jakarta's resilience in the face of a crisis in transportation. Clearly, there are many ways that cities like Jakarta have had to bounce back from crises and to recover from ongoing difficulties rather than slip into decline. Of course, this is not to suggest that all of the problems that could eventually undermine city life have been resolved. Air pollution, excessive solid waste, polluted waterways, and challenges posed by climate change continue to represent factors that potentially threaten Jakarta’s quality of life and test its resilience. Moreover, not all of the benefits of urbanization are equally shared. Poverty remains endemic, a healthy life is a challenge for many people, and for too many Jakarta residents, life remains a long bout of drudgery consumed by efforts to be resilient. So the true resilience of Jakarta will ultimately be measured on how successful it is to support the full human capabilities of all its residents. But there is every evidence, based upon Jakarta’s long history of responding to crises, and its ongoing efforts to become a more sustainable mega-urban region, that it has the characteristics of resiliency needed to seek a better life for all of its residents.

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capital to a place where flooding isn’t so prevalent, and this decision constitutes another test of Jakarta’s resilience. Flooding has led to some significant proposals to create new infrastructure to manage the crisis. While none of the large scale proposals have been enacted, a series of incremental efforts, including river dredging and adding to the existing flood canal system has demonstrated the resilience of Jakarta in the face of massive flooding. A new flood monitoring system has improved the city’s capacity to anticipate where flooding is occurring and to help the residents get out before disaster strikes.

Smart City Implementation in Indonesia Nurul Helen

Eco-City Live Project 2019

Department of Architecture Universitas Indonesia

Nurul Helen shared her experience with Smart City implementation in four Indonesian cities in Java, namely: Jakarta in Northwest Java, Depok and Bandung in West Java, and Malang in East Java. The research methodology is based on field observations, qualitative interviews with Smart City government officials and quantitative data collection. There were three qualitative interviews in Depok, Bandung, and Malang for data collection purposes. As an overview of urban data for comparative purposes, Jakarta is the capital city of the Republic of Indonesia with a population of 10.77 million people (2020). The Jakarta Smart City app was established in the context of a smart society, mobility, government, economy, living, and environment as critical factors. Programs include Jakarta Citizen Relation Management (CRM) with Smart Mobility CCTV for monitoring the traffic conditions. Combined with what can be accessed online, Jakartans can choose the directions, ways and routes that individuals want to go in fairly effortlessly. Within the Jakarta Smart City program, economic

conditions and commodity prices, may not available on the website. Other Google Earth and Google Maps provide the location of mini-markets, identification of land prices in Jakarta and Smart Environment CCTV to monitor the floods. As an overview, the first qualitative interview was held to discuss Smart Cities in Depok with Sigit Mulyono, Head of Diskominfo Depok at the Smart City UI facilities. A Smart City is a city which optimizes all the city’s capabilities and resources

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Depok is also a crowded city with a population reaching 2.4 million people (11,000 people/km2). However, there are some challenges in the Depok Smart Cities implementation, such as CCTV procurement and other infrastructure. Additionally, the increasing amount of transportation is a statistic that is not followed in parallel with the amount of actual road construction. Depok had enormous amount of rain this year, so the final landfill for trash collection in Depok is overloaded. The second qualitative interview was held with Ahyani Raksanagara, the Head of Communication and Informatics for the Bandung Smart City project. Ibu Ahyani ‘s definition of a Smart City is a city which utilizes all of the city’s capabilities to solve city problems, assisted by technology as a supporting factor. The Bandung local government designed the Smart City master plan based on six “Smart” categories: Smart Society, Smart Governance, Smart Economy,

Smart Mobility, Smart Living, and Smart Environment. The first objective for the Bandung Smart City was to improve public services, to be effective and efficient. The local government holds the key to success for a Smart City. Smart Governance can support other categories to become “smarter.” An adjustment period is based on the tenacity of the leader to motivate his/her subordinates to adapt and change the regulations with a one year target to show any improvements. The society indeed needs more time to adapt to a Smart City. Citizens will adapt quickly if there is positive impact on their daily lives, such as an improvement in health services, access to a call center, etc. One of the programs for the Bandung Smart City is Smart Living (Health Services). Layad Rawat is the program where doctors visit patients whose homes are far away from the hospital and the SEHAT application reduces the queues in hospitals by giving health consultation via online application). For a Smart Society, the Bandung Smart City program succeeded in creating parks and open space, equipped with wifi hotspots to promote socializing in the city. The app takes its prompt from citizens who love to socialize. For a Smart Society, citizens require basic ICT Training that requires many volunteers to teach ICT implementation

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to solve the city problems efficiently and sustainably. A Smart City is not just an urban situation with smart technology. Depok Smart City objectives aim to improve public service, to increase the regional income, to provide information for policy leaders, and for urban branding, because Depok is really new to being a Smart City. Depok City has a large data bank, but the city government has to build software systems to integrate all the data and to provide services for Depok citizens.

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in each district. Volunteers teach computer skills to older women, students, communities, etc. They also teach and assist the (Head) Ketua RT or the Ketua RW to report their social activities via online. There are also incentives for persons who implement Smart City programs. For Smart Governance, the Bandung Command Center is equipped with advanced technology to complement public services and to act as a decision support system. The LAPOR website is a portal to accommodate public complaints, which is connected to the command center and offices. For a Smart Economy, Bandung Smart City has the PRIANGAN website that shows commodity prices in Bandung. For Smart Mobility, Bandung Smart City has the ATSC application in the Transportation Office with more than 200 CCTVs; most of these cameras are located at crossroads to provide data on traffic congestion. There are also some challenges in implementation of the Bandung Smart City (BSC), which are still in process to complete the regulations to maintain the sustainability for a Smart City project. A Smart City project must be designed and implemented according to the city regulations. BSC is still lacking an app for Technology and Infrastructure. For the adoption of technology in society, it is a difficult task, especially for older generations. BSC is lacking human resources to implement the Smart City program

and data storage also needs to be improved. Comparatively, the City of Malang is like Depok, since it is new to the Smart City implementation, according to Titis Andayani, the Division Head of Informatics Application/Aptika. At first, the Malang city government developed a Smart City concept because they wanted to give better services for people. They also need to integrate the data from all of the offices in Malang. First of all to implement the Malang Smart City program, the Ngalam Command Center acts as a decision-making support system. The Malang city government is still working on integrating the SAMBAT website, which is a portal to accommodate public complaints. It is connected to the command center and the offices. As a Smart Society, Malang made 16 hotspots in health centers, 5 hotspots in the traditional markets, and 15 hotspots in public areas. Other than that, Malang Smart City has E-SPM (Aplikasi Surat Pernyataan Miskin). The program is intended for the poor who do not have health insurance. People can register at the district office. The city government officers use this application to input and integrate data with the Health Office storage system. The procedure is administered in one hour in

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comparison with one week with a manual procedure. Malang Smart City offers ICT training, with many volunteers to teach and assist ICT implementation for women, students, and empowering youth organizations (Karang Taruna), etc. Some citizens even ask the Malang city government to hold training classes.

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In conclusion and in comparison with the three other Smart City implementation programs in Jakarta, Depok and Bandung, Malang Smart City also has some problems. For example, the process of data integration was hampered, because of the hierarchy between different offices with many applications from different developers, limited budgetary allocations for application development, a limited budget for infrastructure procurement, and the differences in technology adoption between the younger and older generations.

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PART 3

RESEARCH ESSAYS Eco-City Live Project 2019

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CONTRIBUTOR’S E S S AYS

Health, the Environment and Urban Development Dr. Andrew Flynn

The ambitions of urban planning to fully recognize futurity, and to work in an interdisciplinary manner with other professionals, including health experts, have however gradually been undermined. Time horizons have been shortened and so too the specialist knowledge of urban planners, designers, transport experts, and health professionals has increasingly become siloed. As a result, urban planning and design has become more modest in its objectives, seeking to steer rather than manage market forces and hoping for wider societal benefits from development rather than actively capturing them. While public policy concerns have grown over the connections between

urban living and health, so too urban planners and designers have found themselves in a difficult position. On the one side, the urban developments that they have helped nurture have been implicated in urban health problems: for instance, the promotion of road transport is now linked to air pollution and ill health, especially for the poor. It is the more vulnerable sections of society who are meant to have been aided by urban planning. Similarly, the loss of green space in cities is associated with more sedentary ways of life that can result in obesity and mental health problems. On the other side, planners and designers have lost their connections to health professionals.

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Debates on health and the environment are becoming an increasing feature of debates on urban development. These debates are revealing the challenges that are faced by planners and urban designers in both developing and developed countries in seeking to secure more socially just and environmentally friendly urban forms. The adverse health effects of poorly planned development have long been recognized and helped underpin the growth of urban planning.

As a result, there is a loss of shared knowledge about how urban development might take place in healthier ways. Moreover, urban planners and health professionals now tend to have different perceptions of heath and urban development. For planners and designers, there is a widespread belief that technology and innovation, such as battery powered vehicles, alongside 45

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economic growth will result in improved living conditions, especially for the poorest, and thus improved health. While for health professionals, there is a preoccupation with treating illness rather than focusing on preventative measures that may well be linked to the built environment (for instance, diarrhea, and poor water quality).

At a strategic level, there is now greater recognition of the need to promote healthier cities. Many cities now seek to link together health and the urban environment. To move beyond the rhetorical level, though, requires advances in conceptual and methodological thinking. Based upon the research that we have undertaken in Jakarta we are able to identify some of the key issues that need to be faced. First, there must be recognition of the need to understand how both the environment in the home and outside of the home is shaping citizen health. For instance, poor outdoor air quality does not stay outside of the home but rather enters though doors and windows. At the same time, it is important to note that poor ventilation in the home, the use of polluting fuels for cooking or motors to draw up water from wells can all exacerbate indoor air pollution. We, therefore, need to have much greater awareness of how people live their lives and the complex ways in which they interact with their environment. Second, we need to move beyond terms and approaches that overly simplify complex problems. Rather,

there needs to be recognition of the diversity of spaces in which we live, work and seek recreation. Individuals and communities do not passively respond to their environments but are constantly involved in processes of shaping and reshaping them. Although the opportunities for individuals and communities to act will be highly variable, for example, depending on the nature of governance arrangements, community and individual perceptions of power/ powerlessness, it is important to analyze how individuals and their social networks interact with the environment. In doing so, we need to recognize that communities are dynamic and diverse; communities may face distinctive socio-economic opportunities and constraints, as well as unique physical environments. Third, we must better understand how competing knowledge claims for health and urban development may help shape how policy problems are understood and of the actions that may follow. For instance, expert knowledge is often challenged by others who claim expertise. Meanwhile there is increasing interest in local and traditional knowledge. Being able to make knowledge claims that are regarded as legitimate can matter greatly for how we think about health and the environment in an urban setting. For example, how seriously should city policy makers take claims of the links between air pollution and health? What evidence should they believe?

Fourth, our work has shown the significance of governance arrangement. Communities are often subject to a variety of governance arrangements as a result of the centralization of expertise. Health policy and health agencies often follow nationally prescribed standards with little flexibility for community circumstances. Environmental regulations (such as for air quality or waste management) may have some local discretion in their delivery but typically work to national standards. Land use planning too, tends to work to national standards but with some opportunities for local level activity. In practice, though, the relationship between top-down regulation and local discretion is much more complex. In part this is because of weaknesses in national and city governance and partly because citizen opportunities for shaping, subverting or obstructing

regulations, standards and policies can be much more significant than expected. Citizen self (or voluntary) regulation takes place because communities organize themselves to represent their interests and to manage their activities (e.g. the promotion of local waste initiatives). The relationship between different tiers of government and between government and citizens is a constantly evolving one. Communities have different capacities to self-regulate, which allied to variable city and national government policy expertise and delivery mechanisms, create spaces for the promotion of locally sensitive health agendas. Thinking on healthy cities and healthy communities is at a critical point. Increasing recognition of the links between health and city living is promoting a flurry of government activity. If such activity is to be meaningful and to positively enhance citizens’ lives, then policy must be rooted in analysis of peoples’ perceptions of health and the environment, an understanding of how people live their lives and how they wish to live them, and of how health, planning and the environment are – and should be – governed. In our work, we have undertaken small scale, multidimensional studies that have shown how valuable a community-led perspective can be in contributing to debates on health and urban development.

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What experts do they listen to? And how might environmental and health knowledge fare when it is challenging well entrenched development interests? At the same time, we need to better understand how individual beliefs and perceptions shape behavior and how those may be modified. For instance, traditional medicines can be popular in communities. We need to know much more about the types of illnesses that people believe traditional medicines can treat, about how traditional medicines may complement Western medicines, and about the knowledge and beliefs that people use to sustain their behaviors.

Green Open Space Revitalization*: way forward to bring back outdoors activities Ova Candra Dewi and Team**

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* Community Engagement Program Universitas Indonesia, joint partnership with American Red Cross and Indonesian Red Cross (PMI). ** UI Team: Teguh Utomo Atmoko, Evawani Ellisa, Lathiyfah PS, Taufik Hidayat, Intan Chairunnisa, Luthfi Eryando, Eka Pradipta, Wustari G.M., Debora E. Purba.

Gadgets, especially those related to games and social media use are almost inevitable for any ages. One survey from a newspaper in Singapore, “The Straits Time” (2017), identified that people in Singapore spent over 12 hours with gadget(s) daily. Moreover a study reported in “The Mail Online” from the UK (2015) shows that an average person spends more time on phone and laptop than sleeping, whereas 83% of the smart phone users have their phone switched on at all time. In addition, “The Telegraph” from UK (2015) also mentioned that according to a survey, two-thirds of parents thinks that children spend too much time using smart phones and tablets on holiday. “They are too busy to spend time on sunshine,” the parents added. Based on one of health articles on children, “The Joint Chiropractic” (US), there are 5 reasons to limit your children exposure to tech gadgets. Those are due to exercise is needed for better brain health, e.g., too much radiation, toddler’s development at risk, eyestrain is more common, and poor posture.

Understanding the health situation, Universitas Indonesia, The American Red Cross and Indonesian Red

Cross initiated The Green Open Space Revitalization Program in 2016. The activity was engaged in 6 villages in Bogor Regency. This initiative resulted in various message from social, health and environmental awareness. The core idea of green open space is actually to conserve open area for evacuation space during disaster followed by a water conservation area, an oxygen generator from trees and the most important part is to keep the area open space (Figure 1). In this way, it supports environmental sustainability. According to Republic Indonesia Law No.26/2007 about Spatial Planning, in order to maintain environmental sustainability, the proportion of green open space within a city should be at least 30% in which 20% is allocated to public open space.

Figure 1. Revitalized green open space in Waringin Jaya, Bogor

The program employs a charrette method, developed by the Town Paper MD, US. In the beginning of the charrette, the definition of the green open space was observed from the community and followed by identifying the actual activities during the weekdays and weekends. In the next step, the community may add a wish list on what kind of supporting elements they wanted to have on the revitalized green open space. Finally, the wish list is adjusted, based on priorities and budget. At all points in the process, it is a bottom up approach as it is expected to raise the sense of belonging.

It is obvious that active outdoor and especially health-related activities are still in favor and favorites for the community. Also, meeting and gathering are still part of the community’s interests. The study found that actually green open space revitalization offers a big opportunity to bring the community back into outdoor activities and turning the nonphysical into physical activities like walking, jogging, running and even smiling and laughing (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Children are playing outdoor activities

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Through this preliminary condition, it is found that almost 100% of the community defined the green open space as a gathering place and meeting point. It is observed that by definition such a program is more about addressing social awareness in order to meet up and gather together. The preliminary condition also found that for infrastructure elements, an open space is more about addressing human health awareness compared to environmental awareness. Interestingly, based on the study (Dewi et al.,2017) among 13 supporting elements requested to have by the community on the revitalized green open space, six are related to human health only (playground, sport area, therapy area, climbing wall and toilet), Item One is related to environmental sustainability (water catchment areas), six are related to both (educating area, green environment, trees planting, 3R –Reduce, Reuse and Recycle- Facilities, drainage).

Additionally, the coronavirus pandemic is not related to environmental or health awareness (e.g., Open safety area). On health-related elements, the sport area, the playground and the gathering place are among the highest priority according to the community selection. On environmental awareness, a green environment, a tree plantation, a water catchment area and an educational area are the favorites. However, the basic aim of green open space is to support the environment and to preserve the natural resources. It is necessary to always include and communicate the main proposal to the community and therefore together social, health and environmental aspects will enforce ways forward to sustainability.

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KAMPUNG LUAR BATANG TOWARDS RESILIENT COMMUNITY

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Supervisors Dr. Andrea Frank, PhD Prof. Christopher Silver, PhD, FAICP Group Members Ahmad Fadlan Awriya (UI) Aisyah Nur Faidah (UI) Dian Apriliani (UI) Katisha Putrinaya (UI) Nadhila Shabrina P (UI) Wia Adani (UI) Yedi SHEN (CU) Lingjia ZHAO (CU) Shixun LI (CU)

Yuan JI (CU) Xiaowen XI (CU) Hunter White (UF) Facilitators Arga P. D., S.T Nurseto N., S.T A Big Thanks To: Kampung Luar Batang Sub-District RW 1, RW 2, and RW 3 51

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KAMPUNG LUAR BATANG SUB-DISTRICT, PENJARINGAN, NORTH JAKARTA

Abstract Kampung Luar Batang sub-district is a high-density residential settlement that is located in the district (kelurahan) of Penjaringan in the municipality of North Jakarta. Most of this area is surrounded by water as it is situated along Jakarta Bay on Java Island with its shoreline on the Java Sea. To the east of this community is Sunda Kelapa Harbor, which is still active and operating. Every year, since 2013, this subdistrict has been hit by two types of flooding. One type that occurs frequently is the modest flood that reaches approximately 30 cm deep inside the houses. This is the usual event. The other one, the great flood, which is a prolonged and deeper one, happens once every five years. The great flood lasts for a week and can reach the height of about man’s shoulder and is the one that forces

Figure 1.1. Kampung Luar Batang Map.

people to abandon their homes. Clogged sewers and general waste thrown into the canals that surround the community contribute to this disastrous flooding, as well as the sea level rise and tidal flooding. The acts of community resilience and flood management are our research concern. We seek to understand the main causes of the flooding and to suggest some interventions to enhance community resilience.

Keywords Community, Resilience, Flood, Land subsidence.

1. I N T R O D U C T I O N 1.1. Background

The reason for the city government’s consideration of evicting the residents in the kampung is because the site sits, as do other parts of North Jakarta, on swampy land. The Java Sea affects the coastal areas and the 13 rivers running through the city also affect the coastal conditions. In terms of water management, it should not be a surprise that flooding is frequent in Jakarta and getting worse, especially in North Jakarta. It is not just about floods resulting from rainfall inundation and poor drainage, but also because this megacity is literally sinking into the

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Kampung Luar Batang is a very highly populated settlement area located in Penjaringan, North Jakarta. This sub-district consists of a diverse population. Based on the economic situation, there has been a threat of eviction because the residents cannot afford to take care of the neighborhood. Over the last four years, the DKI Jakarta city government has ordered the residents to clean up the kampung because of poor living conditions. These conditions include community infrastructure issues, such as land subsidence, the recurring flood tragedies, the lack of clean water, and a chaotic residential plan. In 2018, the city government cleared out and demolished the Fish Market (Pasar Ikan) settlement located in the land reclamation area across the canal from Kampung Luar Batang. The city’s objective is to expand space for new residential and commercial development.

ground because of land subsidence, (BBC, 2018)1. This condition surely affects Kampung Luar Batang, as well as other parts of Jakarta. From year to year, this kampung is constantly sinking.

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The kampung itself consists of a mixture of permanent-legal houses, illegal houses, and one heritage building, the Luar Batang Mosque. The houses are privately-owned and also consist of rental properties with rent paid to owners in the private sector. Some people live on uncertified plots. There are quite a few newcomers in this kampung. Nevertheless, the community of Kampung Luar Batang claims to be one of the oldest and strongest communities in Jakarta and the Luar Batang Mosque also claims to be one of the oldest sacred places for Muslims in the capital city of Jakarta. Since the majority of the community is Muslim, the community surely feels attached to the mosque and the residents do not want to move out of the kampung for any reason. The community feels that its members belong to this place. Even with the environmental difficulties they regularly face, the citizens take it on as their responsibility to preserve the kampung. 1.2. Objectives

The aim of the research was to identify what happens in Kampung Luar Batang, especially regarding floods and land subsidence. The intention of the research is to increase the community’s awareness of disasters like floods (and fires), as well as how the community responds to the disasters in order

to adapt their environment. In order to achieve our objectives, we looked for the main cause of the disasters to know why the floods happen frequently. We conducted this field survey by studying the environmental context of Kampung Luar Batang and interviewing people in the community who know how they survive and what kind of interventions have been done to respond to the disasters. Another objective of the research was to observe the relationship between the community’s behavior and its impact on the environment. To reach this objective, we studied how the community gets its clean water supply, how it treats the waste and how it manages the sewers throughout the kampung. We also investigated how community actions can affect the environment and if these actions can be identified as a cause of the flooding. We would like to identify ways to improve the resilience of the community to flooding (and fires) in order to make it a sustainable place to live. This process involves an understanding of better and more efficient flood prevention efforts and knowledge of how the community adapts to its circumstances by initiating some interventions. 1.3. Issues The main issues of this research are related to climate change and sea level rise, plus their combined impact on Kampung Luar Batang. Since the settlement is located on the periphery of North Jakarta and is situated alongside Jakarta Bay, its location makes the community vulnerable to natural and man-made disasters.

Tidal Flood

Land Subsidence The flood condition is worsened due to land subsidence that happens throughout Jakarta. North Jakarta has sunk 2.5 meters in 10 years and is continuing to sink by as much as 25 cm a year in some parts, which is more than double the global average for coastal megacities4. The condition occurs because deep wells drain the natural aquifer. Each year water wells are bored deeper as the land subsides and seawater enters the aquifer. On a daily basis, the Kampung Luar Batang community faces an insufficient water supply from the local water company, Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum

1.4. Hypothesis Our hypothesis argues that flooding is the cause and effect of human behavior in Kampung Luar Batang, Land subsidence and tidal flooding plus human intervention contribute to the poor living conditions and disasters. First, human behavior causes climate change so the sea water level rise increases. Furthermore, humans tend to exploit the usage of groundwater for their drinking water and household use, which leads to land subsidence, which then causes floods when the tides are high. The relationship between human behavior and the environmental is circular. That cycle will not stop until human behavior patterns toward the environment are changed. Besides, the interventions which are regulated by the government are less profound than the problems that occur. Therefore, the communities and the city government need to do some things differently, such as a water filtration system, a sewer cleaning maintenance program, and a portable floating shelter as three recommendations to support the resilience of Kampung Luar Batang to approach a sustainable community and environment.

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Exacerbated mainly by land subsidence and the steady increase of sea water rise, tidal flooding is the one of the frequent disasters happening in North Jakarta. The city is sinking at an average of 3 inches per year, outpacing the onethird of an inch annual rise in mean sea level rise2. By building a seawall along Sunda Kelapa Harbor on the east side of Kampung Luar Batang, the government tried to prevent tidal floods. Unfortunately, in 2017, the seawall leaked and caused the settlement to be flooded with sea water; the water levels varied from 20-50 cm3. Seasonal tidal action (rob) also contributes to the threat of sea level rise attributed to global warming.

(PDAM). Clogged sewers, among other issues due to poor household waste management, also cause flooding.

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2. M E T H O D S

There are several methods used to gather data required in this research. Our primary research methods were direct field surveys conducted in Kampung Luar Batang. We engaged in interviews with the residents and used a verbal and a written questionnaire as tools; and mainly we questioned residents about their daily life, the flood disasters, and any key government interventions. In order to understand the context more, an observation method involved comprehensively making a map of several aspects regarding the flooding topic. Drawing and photographs also were used as tools for collecting research data.

Figure 1.2. Sunda Kelapa canal beside Kampung Luar Batang Source: Aisyah Nur Faidah, 2019

The second method that we used to collect the data involved conducting on-line research to obtain statistical data provided by the DKI Jakarta city government. Moreover, a literature search and case study research were undertaken in order to gain a better understanding about the environmental context. Then, all of the data collected was discussed and analyzed in greater detail during the focus group to develop the ideas for intervention.

3. A N A L Y S I S 3.1. Problems

Kampung Luar Batang Challenges If we look at a smaller scale system, these challenges also are faced by Kampung Luar Batang community, since it is located in a sub-district prone to tidal floods. In 2017 a tidal flood reached 50 cm high due to seawall leakage7. There are also several researches and data that mention North Jakarta is facing land subsidence. Kampung Luar Batang has sunk 2.5 meters in 10 years and is continuing to sink 25 cm a year in some parts8.

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According to the 100 Resilient Cities program, urban resilience is the capacity of individuals, communities, institutions, businesses, and systems within a city to survive, adapt, and grow, no matter what kinds of chronic stresses and acute shocks are experienced5. Chronic stresses are defined as situations that weaken the daily functions of a city, such as tidal flood and water scarcity that also occurs in Semarang as well as in Jakarta6. Meanwhile, an acute shock is a sudden and dangerous event that threatens the city, such as an earthquake and/or a flash flood.

This problem is due to excessive groundwater extraction. Jakarta’s piped-water service only covers 60% of the capital and the remaining 40% relies on groundwater9. 57

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The Kampung Luar Batang water supply is provided by a private water company PALYJA (PAM Lyonnaise Jaya). The community sometimes faces water shortages when the supply from PALYJA is reduced or even stopped in certain parts of the kampung. In 2018 the community complained about their difficulty to obtain water, a condition that lasted for three months10. When this happens, residents have to rely on local water vendors with carts, or bottled water, public toilets, and other residents who still have a water supply or a groundwater source.

Towards A Resilient Community On the other hand, the people who live and work in a resilient city particularly the poor and vulnerable - have the capacity to survive, adapt, and grow, despite various shocks and stresses they must face11. Comparable flooding and drinking water conditions occur in Semarang kampungs, similar to those conditions experienced in Kampung Luar Batang. Despite the challenges faced by Kampung Luar Batang, one of the locals we interviewed claimed that the kampung is one of oldest, continuously occupied communities in Jakarta. The Luar Batang Mosque was constructed in the 17th-century12. The fact that this community still exists and maintains its cohesiveness throughout the centuries is proof that resiliency characterizes this community. It is important to reinforce community resilience by suitable interventions and regulations. 3.2. Research To obtain data, we developed a written questionnaire which was given to 25 people in order to understand the residents’ views on the frequency and impact of disasters, the responses to disaster by government and the community, and the community’s expectations about government interventions.

Figure 3.1 Daily life of Kampung Luar Batang community

Considering the members of the community’s overwhelmingly choose not to leave the kampung whatever disaster may happen, the research team sought to identify the best ways to enhance the community’s resilience to the flood

issue without requiring the drastic action of replacing their place of living. The clean water issue and waste management issue might be included in this situation since these are also inseparable from the flooding problem. Moreover, the research team needed to experience firsthand the characteristics of the community, the community needs, the characteristics of the houses, and everything that enables us to identify the best communityfriendly resilience strategies when dealing with the flood issue.

3.3. Data Collection We obtained data from 33 respondents in Kampung Luar Batang which consists of residents ranging in age from 30 - 55 years old. They had varied occupations, but the residents mostly were housewives (63.64 %) and shop owners (15.15 %). From a total of 33 respondents in Kampung Luar Batang RW 01, 02, 03 that we interviewed, we found that there are two types of floods that happened in the kampung. Great floods occur at least once

Eco-City Live Project 2019 Figure 3.2 Regular flood (left) and great flood (right) data collected

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in a five-year period, and smaller impact floods happen regularly. We obtained data about water level, flood duration, and disaster impacts on physical aspects and residents’ daily activities. According to our data, regular floods usually recede at a rate ranging from around two hours up to two days. Meanwhile, the duration of the “great flood” ranges from one up to two weeks. Regular floods usually reached ankledeep, which approximately 20 cm, but it could also reach up to 50 cm. Physical impact from each type of floods are different, 15.2% of the respondents said that the great flood damaged their houses, especially furniture, doors and windows (84.8 %). Meanwhile, 69.7 % of the respondents said regular floods had no physical impact and just 3.0 % of the respondents said the disaster damaged their houses. Flood impacts on daily activities also revealed different responses. 81.8 % of the respondents stated that regular floods had no effect on their daily lives. Meanwhile, 51.5 % of the respondents said they could not do their daily activities because of the great flood. The residents usually stay at home, waiting for the flood waters to recede; 36.4 % of respondents stayed home during the great flood. This number is six times greater compared to respondents who stayed at home during regular floods, which were cited at 6.1 % of the responses. 3.4. Analysis Tidal Flood 60

As stated above in the data collection section, the main issue of Kampung

Luar Batang is seasonal flooding caused by tidal action (rob), clogged sewers, and land subsidence. These conditions typically converge from November through February. As stated, there are two types of floods: the great flood that happens every five years and is caused by high tides. This type brings between 1 and 1.5 meters high level of water in the community. This type of flood rarely happens, but once it does, it takes days and sometimes weeks to recede. Small floods usually caused by high tidal action or heavy rains typically are triggered by waste in the gutters creating clogged sewers. This type of flood only reaches between 10 and 20 cms of flood water, and usually recedes within a day. Some interventions have been done by the DKI Jakarta city government to minimize the impact of flooding, such as building a seawall. The existence of seawall is quite effective to reduce flooding caused by sea tides. But it actually works only as a temporary solution and causes several other issues. A second layer of reinforced concrete seawall has been built because the first layer was broken which meant the flood waters inundated the Kampung Luar Batang settlement. This tragedy repeats itself every two years because the broken seawall could not contain the sea water. If a leak is found again, the government’s response will be to pump the water out of the neighborhood while the residents fix the wall, often placing sandbags along the perimeter. The community realizes that every year the seawater level in North Jakarta continues to rise and that there are no formal measures to

address it. One problem is that the community used to think that flooding is not a disaster, but rather a routine urban condition, because it happened so often. Now it affects their life so frequently that they cannot do their activities normally. The respondents reported in our interviews that in the past, when the water was still clean, they used the flood as a moment to swim and go fishing. This does not happen now, since the flood waters are polluted and can contribute to some diseases, such as diarrhea, skin ache, and even cholera. Land Subsidence

As stated in the introduction, Kampung Luar Batang is located in North Jakarta on the edge

These interventions surely reflect the worsening flooding issues. The city government also has tried to deepen the sewer elevation and to elevate the main street in the community to prevent flooding. Since this does not include jacking up the residents’ houses, the dwellings still get flooded. For the wealthy residents, they elevate their own floor levels higher than the main street, which prevents water coming inside their house when there is a flood. Obviously, the ceiling comes lower at the ground level if the floor is raised. Those residents living in a two-story house, during the floods, they move up to the second level. The residents also frequently build a dam across the entry thresholds because the street level is higher than the house.

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The issue of Jakarta as the sinking megacity is now widely recognized. The Central Bureau of Statistics (Badan Pusat Statistik, BPS) data notes that between 2010 and 2015, the population of Jakarta increased by 537,512 persons, and still continues to grow13. Many citizens use the groundwater as their source of water supply. In 2014, 8,849,788 cubic meters (m3) of clean groundwater was extracted. This amount is an increase from the 2011 data by approximately 1,640,599 cubic meters (m3) (BPLHD 2014). Besides, the urban development of Jakarta grows rapidly in many sectors ranging from commercial to industrial to residential, which means the amount of construction increases every year in Jakarta. It was found that land subsidence depends on the variation of groundwater extraction, coupled with the soils types and the building load imposed on the land14.

of Jakarta Bay. The kampung settlement is really crowded, since the community is old and the inhabitants tend to live together as a big family. For their water supply, people used to drill deep wells and consume groundwater, but now it is prohibited by government, so they get their clean water from PALYJA or from local vendors. Based on our survey, half of the residents did not even realize the reason why their land and houses were sinking because of the deep wells. Even under normal conditions, the sea level is already higher than the land. That is why the Jakarta government is expanding the seawall to prevent water inundating the kampung settlement. The seawall is built higher every year. Now it is five meters above land level and the seawall might be even higher in the future.

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Figure 3.3 Top. Sections of Kampung Luar Batang Bottom Left.. Two types of flood in Kampung Luar Batang Bottom Right. Existing condition of sewer

Eco-City Live Project 2019 Figure 3.4 Above. Section of Luar Batang Mosque sewer Center. Mapping and section of existing sewer Below. Kampung Luar Batang existing conditions

4. R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S

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4.1. Interventions There are two major issues that need to be addressed in order to improve resiliency of the Kampung Luar Batang community, which are: 1. Floods, which occur due to clogged sewers; and 2. Land subsidence, due to groundwater extraction because of insufficient water supply from deep wells cored into the aquifer. These issues will be addressed with three interventions based over three different time intervals, which consist of Short- Term (Floating Shelters), Mid-Term (Clean Sewer), and Long-Term (Rainwater Harvesting). 4.1.1. Short-Term: Floating Shelters

Considering that residents in the Kampung Luar Batang community will not choose to move from their places and they prefer to stay in their community, we thought about the best way to make the residents safe at their place in the increasingly likely event of worsening flood disasters that might be anticipated when flood levels, as high as fivemeter high in a one-month period and that only 2-level houses would be available, since one-story houses would be flooded. We tried to figure out the probability of community’s evacuation plan to move to their neighbor’s house. This solution

would raise the density in each part of the Kampung and encourage the construction of two-story houses. This data help us to consider the flow of flood aid distribution, in addition, we thought about the activation possibility of a temporary public facility. There are sociological issues in a Muslim community related to separation of male and family and also privacy for family members that would have to be addressed for emergency accommodation. A group of floating shelters in which each one has a specific function might be helpful. One group of shelters may consist of flood aid distribution depot, or a temporary school and healthcare center, and separate male/female community public toilets, which also have a clean drinking water and bathing water supply. This group of floating shelters would be spread onto main road near the designated two-story evacuation “safe” houses in the neighborhood. The amount of the shelter depends on the density in each part of the kampung that we analyzed beforehand. The floating shelter(s) would be stored on the canal and pulled into designated places with the assistance of a city government evacuation team, when necessary. Therefore, the community does not need to float very far away from the designated

4.1.2. Mid-Term: Clean Sewers Sewers which are clogged up by trash are the main reasons for the flooding issues that occurred in Kampung Luar Batang. The unseen pile up of trash in covered sewers decreased the residents’ awareness of clean sewers, since the sewer is covered by a concrete lid. If the sewer is clean, then the water will be flowing fluently that can reduce floods caused by rainwater runoff. Hence, annual flood potential which is happening seasonally in Kampung Luar Batang will be decreased. In order to have clean sewers, the research team proposes permeable, light weight sewer covers to make monitoring the water flowing fluently to the sewer and make it be easily maintained. This permeable sewer cover should not be used in every sewer because it will reduce the street width. It could be located every three meters apart and it does not need to be located in front of

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evacuation center, which depending on its elevation, is likely to be the mosque, where people would receive food aid and temporary shelter from government.

Figure 4.1 Above. Sections of floating shelter Center. Mapping of floating shelter distribution Below. Floating shelter locations

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Figure 4.2 Top. Section of permeable sewer cover Bottom Left. Section of plumbing system Bottom Right. Section of rainwater harvesting system

the house entrance, so it will not interfere with the accessibility of the resident’ entrances and deliveries or traffic flow. Besides, the regulations for sewer cleaning also need to be enforced. Sewer cleaning activities need to be done once a month cooperatively by every household’s representative. If there is a household who does not participate in this activity, then they should pay a fine as a penalty so sewer cleaning activities can be done by others. These regulations and physical interventions are applied in order to control the cleanliness of the sewer. 66

4.1.3. Long-Term: Harvesting

Rainwater

To possibly solve the problem of land subsidence, there must be a solution so that people can fulfill their basic needs for water used for drinking, cleaning, and washing. Jakarta itself still cannot provide a 100% supply of clean water from underground aquifers. Hence, the challenge is to provide a better water supply that is affordable for the community. A rainwater harvesting system could enhance resilience and sustainability. Therefore, we

The process of rainwater harvesting starts with making a surface for catching the rainwater. Catchment place can be in a form of roof or stored in a tank or diverted to artificial recharge system. Rainwater is then transferred and stored in deep wells through a piped network to recharge the groundwater. The quality of the rainwater harvesting depends on environmental factors, such as climate and pollution. If the ground itself is polluted, then the rainwater used for drinking water and cooking needs to be purified chemically. But the rainwater as graywater can also be used normally for flushing toilets, cleaning, watering plants, or washing vehicles. Rainwater harvesting systems can be installed communally in Kampung Luar Batang, possibly divided into three neighborhood sub-divisions called Rukun Warga (RW).

Installation placement must be in a consideration since the community is high density residential. It is probably impossible to set down a big water storage tank. We recommend to set a smaller tanks placed around a flat roof to provide for around 5-6 houses. The system can be made by the community with the help of the provincial city government.

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recommend the installation of rainwater harvesting. The installation of a rainwater harvesting system can be an alternative system, since Jakarta is located in a tropical area, which has a high average annual rainfall. Based on BPS (2016) data, the number of rainy days in Jakarta in 2014 is 157 days. This rainwater supply can be used for flushing toilets, watering plants, etc. If we increase the filtration system, it is possible to use the rainwater for cleaning. The rainwater system is great for its easy maintenance and inexpensive installation. Therefore, it is possible to install domestic water supply with a modest system, hence it will be affordable for the community.

Figure 4.3 Sections and mapping of rainwater harvesting storage and distribution

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Figure 6.1 Above. Kampung Luar Batang sea wall Center. Community’s aquaponics planted behind RW office Below. Walking in the narrow alley

Eco-City Live Project 2019 Figure 6.2 Above. Community’s hydroponics Center. Alleys in Kampung Luar Batang Below. Walking among densely populated alley

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5. C O N C L U S I O N

The Kampung Luar Batang community experiences two main challenges for their resiliency and sustainability, which are acute shock (great tidal flood) and chronic stresses (regular flood, land subsidence, insufficient water supplies). According to data we obtained, the disasters mentioned beforehand, especially the great flood which happens once every five years and has a great impact on the community, namely on physical aspects and daily activities. The respondents said the great flood damaged properties and if they stayed in their houses during flood, then the community experienced a lack of basic supplies, such as water provision. From our field observations and analysis, we found that our initial hypothesis regarding the interrelationship between humans and environment became the main cause of disasters happening in Kampung Luar Batang. The residents, especially newcomers and renters, did not yet have a habit to maintain the environment, so that flooding occurs several times a year, due to piles of garbage that clog the sewer. Moreover, solid covers over the sewers make it hard to monitor the water flow and maintain a clean sewer. However, visibly open sewers raise questions about sanitation

and transparent glass-covered sewers in the street raise cost and maintenance concerns. On the other hand, land subsidence also occurs, due to now illegal groundwater extraction from deep wells into the aquifer. Government restrictions regarding drilling wells and extracting groundwater is not in accordance with public policy for the provision of clean water supplies for the community. To respond to the problems mentioned before, we propose these three interventions based on time period: 1. SHORT-TERM. Floating shelters are a proposal for the kampung community’s evacuation system during floods. Each shelter has a specific function, say for food aid or for childcare, to support daily activities during the flooding emergency. 2. MID-TERM. Permeable sewer covers to reduce piled up garbage by controlling and maintaining sewerage flow, hence minimizing flooding incidents. 3. LONG-TERM. Rainwater harvesting system to provide water supply for the community during disaster or insufficient supply from government.

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Figure 5.1 Above. Floating Shelter Bottom Left. Permeable Sewer Cover Bottom Right. Rainwater Harvesting

Mei, M. and Hidayat, R. (2018). “Jakarta, the fastestsinking city in the world,” BBC News, 13 August. 2018. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/worldasia-44636934 (Accessed: 28 February 2019) 2 Tarrant, B. (2014). ” Special Report: In Jakarta, that sinking feeling is all too real,” Reuters, 22 December, 2014. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/ us-sealevel-subsidence-jakartasr/special-reportin-jakarta-that-sinking-feeling-is-all-too-realidUSKBN0K016S20141222 (Accessed: 12 March 2019) 3 Nugroho, S.A., (2017). “Kampung Luar Batang Masih Terendam Air akibat Tanggul Bocor,” Kompas, 7 November, 2017. Available at: https://megapolitan. kompas.com/read/2017/11/07/12270531/kampungluarbatang-masih-terendam-air-akibat-tanggul-bocor (Accessed: 28 February 2019) 4 Mei, M. and Hidayat, R. (2018). “Jakarta, the fastestsinking city in the world,” BBC News, 13 August. 2018. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/worldasia-44636934 (Accessed: 28 February 2019) 5 100 Resilient Cities. (2016). Resilient Semarang: Moving towards a Resilient Semarang. Semarang City Government. Available at: https:// www.100resilientcities.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/ Semarang20Resilience20Strategy20-202016.pdf 6 idem 7 Putra, H. (2018). “Rembesan Tanggul Bikin Resah Warga Luar Batang,” Wartakota/Tribun News, 12 November, 2018. Available at: http://wartakota.tribunnews. com/2018/11/12/rembesan-tanggul-di-luar-batangbikinresah-warga (Accessed 18 March 2019) 8 Mei, M. and Hidayat, R. (2018). “Jakarta, the fastestsinking city in the world,” BBC News, 13 August. 2018. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/worldasia-44636934 (Accessed: 28 February 2019) 9 Aqil, A.M.H., (2018). “Jakarta sinking fast: Experts,” The Jakarta Post, 5 December, 2018. Available at: https://www. thejakartapost.com/news/2018/12/05/jakarta-sinkingfast-experts-subsidence.html (Accessed: 15 March 2019). 10 Putra, H. (2018). “Rembesan Tanggul Bikin Resah Warga Luar Batang,” Wartakota/Tribun News, 12 November, 2018. Available at: http://wartakota.tribunnews. com/2018/11/12/rembesan-tanggul-di-luar-batangbikinresah-warga (Accessed 18 March 2019) 11 100 Resilient Cities. (2016). Resilient Semarang: Moving towards a Resilient Semarang. Semarang City Government. Available at: https:// www.100resilientcities.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/ Semarang20Resilience20Strategy20-202016.pdf 12 Ibo, A. (2016). “Sejarah dan Asal-usul di Balik Nama Kampung Luar Batang,” Liputan6, 9 April, 2016. Available at: https://www.liputan6.com/lifestyle/read/2478825/ sejarah-dan-asal-usul-di-baliknama-kampung-luarbatang (Accessed: 15 March 2019) 13 Badan Pusat Statistik., (2017). "Jumlah Penduduk dan Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk Menurut Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi DKI Jakarta 2010, 2014, dan 2015," Available at: https://jakarta.bps.go.id/statictable/2017/01/30/136/ jumlah-penduduk-dan-laju-pertumbuhan-pendudukmenurut-kabupaten-kota-di-provinsi-dki-jakarta-20102014-dan-2015.html 14 Abidin, H., Andreas, H., Deguchi, T., Fukuda, Y., Gumilar, I., & Pohan, Y., (2011). “Land subsidence of Jakarta (Indonesia) and its relation with urban development”. National Hazards Paper : DOI 10.1007/ s11069-011- 9866-9. Available at: https://www. researchgate.net/publication/251389443_Land_ subsidence_of_Jakarta_Indonesia_and_its_relation_ with_urban_development.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY 100 Resilient Cities, (2016). Resilient Semarang: Moving towards a Resilient Semarang. Semarang City Government. Available at: https://www.100resilientcities.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/ Semarang20Resilience20Strategy20-202016.pdf Abidin,H., Andreas, H., Deguchi, T., Fukuda, Y., Gumilar, I., & Pohan, Y., (2011). “Land subsidence of Jakarta (Indonesia) and its relation with urban development,” National Hazards Paper : DOI 10.1007/s11069-011- 9866-9. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251389443_ Land_subsidence_of_Jakarta_Indonesia_and_its_relation_with_urban_development Aqil, A. M. H., (2018). “Jakarta sinking fast: Experts,” The Jakarta Post, 5 December, 2018. Available at: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/12/05/jakarta-sinking-fast-experts-subsidence. html (Accessed: 15 March 2019) BPLHD, (2014). Data Penggunaan Air Tanah Jakarta 2014 Ibo, A., (2016). “Sejarah dan Asal-usul di Balik Nama Kampung Luar Batang,” Liputan6, 9 April, 2016. Available at: https://www.liputan6.com/lifestyle/read/2478825/sejarah-dan-asal-usul-dibalik-nama-kampung-luar-batang (Accessed: 15 March 2019)

Hamonangan, J., (2018). “Warga Luar Batang Keluhkan Saluran Air Tersumbat,” Tribun News, 12 November. Available at: http://wartakota.tribunnews.com/2018/11/12/warga-luar-batangkeluhkan-saluran-air-tersumbat (Accessed 17 March 2018) Mei, M. and Hidayat, R., (2018). “Jakarta, the fastest-sinking city in the world,” BBC News, 13 August. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44636934 (Accessed: 28 February 2019) Nugroho, S. A., (2017) “Kampung Luar Batang Masih Terendam Air akibat Tanggul Bocor,” Kompas, 7 November, 2017. Available at: https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2017/11/07/12270531/ kampung-luar-batang-masih-terendam-air-akibat-tanggul-bocor (Accessed: 28 February 2019)

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Hamonangan, J., (2018). “Warga Luar Batang Keluhkan Susahnya Pasokan Air Bersih,” Tribun News, 13 December, 2018. Available at: http://wartakota.tribunnews.com/2018/12/13/warga-luarbatang-keluhkan-susahnya-pasokan-air-bersih (Accessed: 18 March 2019)

Purba, O.D., (2017) “Tanggul Kampung Luar Batang Bocor, Puluhan Rumah Terendam Banjir,” Kompas, 6 November, 2017. Available at: https://megapolitan.kompas.com/ read/2017/11/06/14133271/tanggul-kampung-luar-batang-bocor-puluhan-rumah-terendam-banjir (Accessed: 28 February 2019) Putra, H., (2018). “Rembesan Tanggul Bikin Resah Warga Luar Batang,” Tribun News, 12 November, 2018. Available at: http://wartakota.tribunnews.com/2018/11/12/rembesan-tanggul-di-luar-batangbikin-resah-warga (Accessed 18 March 2019) Ramadhan, A., (2018). “Got Mampet Sebabkan Banjir di Kampung Luar Batang,” Kompas, 12 November, 2018. Available at: https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2018/11/12/18282741/gotmampet-sebabkan-banjir-di-kampung-luar-batang (Accessed 18 March 2019) Suryarandika, R., (2016). “Alasan di Balik Minimnya Pasokan Air ke Luar Batang,” Republika, 10 May, 2016. Available at: https://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/jabodetabeknasional/16/05/10/o6y0gb377-alasan-di-balik-minimnya-pasokan-air-ke-luar-batang (Accessed: 18 March 2019) Tarrant, B., (2014). ”Special Report: In Jakarta, that sinking feeling is all too real,” Reuters, 22 December, 2014.. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sealevel-subsidence-jakartasr/special-report-in-jakarta-that-sinking-feeling-is-all-too-real-idUSKBN0K016S20141222 (Accessed: 12 March 2019)

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A SMART AND MOBILE ECO CITY

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Supervisor Dr. Li Yu (CU) Ahmad Gamal, Ph.D (UI) Ir. Evawani Ellisa, M.Eng., Ph.D (UI) Group Member Chongyuan Xu (CU) Zhuzhu Wang (CU) Hancheng Luo (CU) Zhou Xu (CU) Ieva Rucinskaite (CU) Nadya Irsalina Pramaputri (UI) Linga Luana Zhafirah (UI) Rian Faisal Asqhor (UI) Windi Huliana (UI)

Friska Lirenzsa (UI) Rizky Ramadityo (UI) Rahmi (UI) Facilitator Hanifa Fijriah, S.Ars (UI) Nurseto Nugroho, ST (UI) Big Thanks To: Depok Administrative Office Depok Smart City Division

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LOCATION OF PROJECT

Figure 1.1. Margonda Street, Depok (highlighted)

Abstract SMART City is defined as a city which can integrate the information and communication technology within its governance in order to increase the efficiency, enhance the public services and increase the prosperity of the people (Setiaji, 2018). The SMART City program has been started in Jakarta within the six main pillars, which are SMART Governance, Smart People, Smart Living, Smart Mobility, Smart Economy, and Smart Environment (Jakarta Smart City, 2018). In part of the program, the Jakarta Government began to introduce several technological-based platforms in many sectors, such as Transjakarta electronic payment system, online traffic and mass transport information system and QLUE application to accommodate complaints regarding problems

in Jakarta. In Depok, the SMART City program is currently under development. Remembering that Depok is a city where thousands of its inhabitants work in Jakarta, SMART City program becomes an urgent need to refurbish its public transportation system. Hence, this paper aims to investigate the people’s need in Depok regarding to the public transport, as well as Depok transit area to give recommendations about the things that the government can do to develop SMART system in relation with mass transportation in Depok

Keywords Access, connectivity, transit, inclusive

1. I N T R O D U C T I O N

Depok is held together as a city by its main street, Margonda Raya. The street connects the northern perimeter adjacent to Jakarta, and the southern side of Depok which leads to the city of Citayam and Bogor. Margonda Raya is considered as the central spine of Depok where the majority of commercial, service, housing and government functions are located. Three Commuter Line Stations are located along Margonda Raya and the commuter train stations serve as the main gateways of commuters traveling to and from Jakarta. The urban form of Margonda Raya is influenced by the proximity of the Universitas Indonesia and Commuter Line Stations. Margonda Street can be divided into three parts, the northern section adjacent to UI as the campus context, the center

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Depok is the residence for approximately two million people. Since the New Order era, Depok has become the residential area for people who work in Jakarta. Once it was part of the Bogor regency. In 1999, Depok was established as its own city, and planned to develop towards an independent city. Over time, Depok seems to not be able to follow the rapid development of Jakarta, and remained as a city dependent on Jakarta. Despite the rapid development of the trading and services functions, the office (workplace) functions have not developed, requiring many Depok residents to still depend on Jakarta as the workplaces1.

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one which is less crowded, and the southern section which serves the commercial and governmental activities. The crowded areas are centered within the radius of three Commuter Line stations while the UI and Pondok Cina stations are located near UI where most of the users are students, and Depok Baru Station located in the southern area where most of the users are the daily commuters.

In recent times, Indonesian local governments have begun to embrace the concept of SMART City. SMART City is defined as a city which can integrate the information and communication technology within its governance in order to increase the efficiency, enhance the public services and increase the prosperity of the people2. The SMART City program started in Jakarta within the six main pillars, which are SMART Governance, Smart People, Smart Living, Smart Mobility, Smart Economy, and Smart Environment3. In part of the program, the Jakarta Government began to introduce several technological-based platforms in many sectors, such as Transjakarta electronic payment system, an online traffic and mass transport information system and QLUE application to accommodate complaints regarding problems in Jakarta. A SMART City program in Depok is currently under development. Therefore, the SMART City team sought to help the Depok Government to develop the SMART City program by giving studies and recommendations that began with the question “what do Depok people needs?”. Hence, the team proposed to raise the accessibility issue

regarding to the Depok context as the home of the commuters with the presence of the transit areas (stations) that become the crowd center along Margonda Street. 1.2. Objectives This study is aimed to find a way to fulfill people’s mobility needs spatially by finding out about the specifics regarding human circulation in public area (e.g., transit space, infrastructure-users). The research would also assess how to get sufficient quantity and quality of data to ensure smart mobility for further advancement. 1.3. Issue The main issue of this research lies in the accessibility of public transportation. The heavy traffic in Depok has compelled people to choose public transportation but the access does not support this alteration and people considered this as inconvenient. Poor integration of the infrastructure is the main obstacle in implementing the smart mobility in Depok. This problem both occurred in the extent to the inside (the poor quality of the design itself) and outside (the integration between one infrastructure to another). Thus, to enhance the preference of citizens to choose public transportation as their main option, improvement in accessibility is fundamental. This research also seeks to highlight other sub issues such as the optimization of space and time, security issues, the use of technology and the integration of all those aspects.

1.4. Hypothesis The hypothesis is focused on three major aspects of accessibility: The first one regards space requirements, where it is concluded that space requirements are necessary to give access for users to move within the transit areas. The second is

good security and how big data can be utilized to further advance the security and the safety for the train station users. The last one is how these transit spaces should be inclusive, based on age, gender and disability so that everyone can have the same positive experience of commuting.

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Figure 1.2. Lack of waiting space and the absence of integrated transportation link. Source: Group 2 Documentation

2. M E T H O D S

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In this study, the location we chose to observe were three main stations in Depok area - Depok Baru Station, Pondok Cina Station and Universitas Indonesia Station. Each station has different characteristics. Depok Baru Station is assumed to be the one most used by the general public, Pondok Cina station is assumed to be used by mixed passenger population (the public and university students) and Universitas Indonesia Station is assumed to be used largely by university students.

The methods used were both quantitative and qualitative. We conducted a survey involving 270 respondents--some who are Depok residents and people who work in Depok. We also used qualitative methods, and observed the three stations mentioned above, and observed Jakarta’s Car Free Day.

3. A N A L Y S I S 3.1. Problems

Transportation hubs in Depok have less-than-adequate infrastructure. Take the Depok Baru station as an example. The intermodality (use of different modes of transport) quality for this station is not satisfactory. Both pedestrian and vehicle access can be improved. Pedestrians around the DB station is already available but not yet integrated to the various surroundings. The lack of designated vehicle access causes blockage for the pedestrian access. Motorcycle taxi parking, Angkot waiting for its next passenger, and private vehicles dropping off their passengers, together with pedestrians, all need to be accommodated by the urban fabric of this particular station. This further section will also be further elaborated in sub-chapter 3.3. Train stations are a pivotal hub for transport. These train stations act as a connecting point for at least one other mode of transport, either by private vehicle or using

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Depok is a satellite city - a city in the metropolitan area between Jakarta and Bogor. As a satellite city, Depok experiences “cross-commuting,” that is people living in the city working outside the city and people from other places working in the city. Due to this situation, the integration of the variety of transportation options - from residence to the nearest transportation hub - is essential. Integration requires accessibility that is viable in creating a better transportation ecosystem.

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online transportation services. In other words, a good train station experience is important in maintaining smart mobility that is one of the six pillars of Indonesian’s version of smart city. Smart mobility is about liberating people to move regardless of individual differences they may have (disability, age, gender, socioeconomic status). To achieve this, there are two problems that have yet to be solved: information accessibility and accessibility of individuals. Both issues present different problems but have their roots in accessibility. Information accessibility means that Information accessibility means that every transportation stakeholder

should be open-minded in making their data accessible to the system so that smart system can generate better and more reliable information. The user also has to participate in giving information and feedback so that continuous improvement can be achieved. Dealing with spatial issues mentioned above, the solution should be able to not only provide good wayfinding for the user, but also improve the interconnectedness between one point to another. 3.2. Research We aimed to see whether accessibility would generate a better image for public transport, in hope that the residents of Depok will be more aware of their public transportation choices. To begin the research, we divided the research into two parts; the inside (how to resolve the poor quality of design in transport hub) and the outside (integration between one transportation mode to another). We obtained the preliminary data by passing 270 questionnaire to people around the selected stations (Universitas Indonesia Pondok Cina - Depok Baru station) about their ideal version of public transportation. Next, we did a thorough qualitative interview of (xx) person in a car free day setting. Finally, we concluded our research by doing a comprehensive analysis on the chosen train station (Depok Baru) and the systems inside it. 3.3. Data Collection

Figure [3.1.1] and [3.1.2] [3.1.1] Motorcycle center as an attempt to accomodate intermodality [3.1.2] Lack of good access to Depok Baru station.

In this study, the location we chose to observe were three main stations in depok area; Depok Baru Station, Pondok Cina Station and Universitas Indonesia Station. Each station has different characters. Depok Baru

3.4. Analysis Based on our quantitative and qualitative data, we categorized the accessibility based on what problems do Depok citizen encounter and what actually they need to ease their mobility. Their definition of problems are what aspects which impede their mobility. It is supported by their answer for the need of online transportation information and closer distances to work so they can save time. But, when we took a deeper look at their answers, their needs and the existing response create a paradox of wicked problems.

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Station is assumed to be the most used by public, Pondok Cina station is assumed to be the most used by mixed passenger (public and university students) and Universitas Indonesia Station is assumed to be the most used by university students. The methods used were both quantitative and qualitative. Using quantitative method, we did survey to 270 respondents--some are Depok residents and people who work in Depok--and interviewed 5 people. Later, we analyzed the data and used it as our further study grounding. Lastly, using qualitative method, we observed the three stations mentioned above, and observed Jakarta’s Car Free Day (CFD).

Figure [3.3.1] [3.3.1] Data Collection

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First, look at the spatial existing context, there is a synergistic relationship between the needs and the response both given by the society. In Depok Baru station, we found that it is not very accessible, let alone the integrated with other options for public transportation. The nearest Angkot has to stop under a flyover and people have to walk about 300 meters to the station. The station is also surrounded by the informal market of Depok which force people to pass in the crowded and muddy alley before they can reach the station. It comprehends the answer of questionnaire about low safety as their process to access the stations. The two entrances are not connected and people have to take a twist before reaching another entrance. Current responses regarding the existing context of accessibility around station demonstrated that Depok’s citizen favor the online transportation provided by Gojek and Grab. They use the opportunity of the situation to park right in front of the station to pick up costumers. To support this on a larger scale, they could build an informal parking area for online transportation so people do not have to walk far and in cramped situation after they get down from the train. This would help with the problems of inconvenient access. Over the long term, online transportation will reduce the intermodality of public transportation. Furthermore, the excessive use of online transportation will have an impact not only on city’s mobility but also other aspects of city’s life, especially

the environment. As mentioned before in sub chapter 3.1, information accessibility also becomes a concern to help people regarding their mobility. Information in each station, which is only limited to the commuter line (KRL) schedule, is delivered through information display and the speaker announcements. It is not that helpful since the placement of information display is located in only one location in each station. People usually will look for the information from mobile applications, such as Trafi, KRL Access, etc. since it is easier to be accessed and contains more detailed information than the physical display. Even though it sounds a lot more promising, this arrangement is still insufficient, particularly in the terms of data integration. Information that integrates all transportation system in real time is not currently provided. The mobile data system is also not inclusive since not all people have a smartphone. Therefore, when we refer back to the answer in our qualitative questionnaire, Depok’s citizens think there should be a detailed real time information display that integrates all transportation modes. It is also should be simplified for ease of access and utilization. In order to implement this, collaboration between stakeholders is needed. The information data of each transportation mode should be put together as one integrated system which usually requires big data collection. In this way, integrated information between public transportation and private-owned

public transportation will be easier to access.

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The analysis based on the collected data suggests that the advancement in technology is one of the main concerns. Implementation of improvements in technology becomes the initial step to implement the smart mobility in Depok. Through sophisticated technology, it will be easier to get big data collection that can be used to integrate all information about all transportation. With this integrated information, the use of public transportation will be more convenient. Other aspect that also part of the main concern is the accessibility to the public transportation itself. This should be improved since people are experiencing problem that make them choose online transportation as a preference over going to the nearest station. Improving these two will generate a positive effect on mobility in cities. Improved technology will improve the utilization of public transportation. It will change people’s habist on using online and private transportation and have a great impact not only with the city’s mobility but also on the city’s environment and economy.

Mudaryanti, T. W. (2016). "DARI DEPOK LAMA KE DEPOK BARU: Berjuang Menjadi Kota, 1970an – 1990an," SASDAYA: Gadjah Mada Journal of Humanities, 1(1). https://doi. org/10.22146/sasdayajournal.17037

Setiaji, D. (2018). "Apa Itu Smart City dan Tantangan Penerapannya di Indonesia," Techinasia Indonesia, 14 May. 2018. Available at: https://id.techinasia.com/apa-itu-smart-citydan-penerapan-di-indonesia

Jakarta Smart City. (2018). Jakarta Smart City. Available at: http://smartcity.jakarta.go.id/

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Figure [3.3] and [3.4] Left. Existing plan of Depok Baru vicinity Right. Selected existing sections of Depok Baru vicinity

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4. R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S

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4.1. Interventions

The intervention focuses on elements that ease access for people to the stations as well as the supporting transportation modes such as angkot and online ojeks. Regarding the intervention as a part of the SMART City program, the elements will be based on the communication and information technology and will be integrated to the other database. 4.1.1. Integrated Information Board The integrated information board is an electronic board that displays information regarding the multiple transportation modes, such as the train departures, angkot, bus or ojek availability as well as their routes. The electronic board should be highly interactive, meaning that people can interact with the board by touching the screen and change the menu and display by themselves. Currently, there are several places in Jabodetabek that already have installed these interactive electronic boards, such as in several shopping malls and the airport. In order to assist people to reach the transportation modes they need, there are several features that should be incorporated into the electronic board, including :

Figure [4.1] Above. Suggested intervention for Depok bus terminal Below. Suggested intervention for ITC Depok lobby

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Figure [4.2] Proposed plan of Depok Baru vicinity with intervention

Eco-City Live Project 2019 Figure [4.3] Detailed plan for intervention in each selected areas of interference (Depok Baru St., ITC, and Depok Bus Terminal)

1. Arrival and departure information 2. Availability of the supporting transportation modes 3. Route Information 4. Online transportation order

5. Interactive context map 6. Panic button 4.1.2. SMART Parking System There are lots of motorcycle parking found around the Commuter Lines stations, means that there are lots of people who park their motorcycle there and travel with train to their

Figure [4.4] Detailed illustration for intervention in the main point of intervention, Depok Baru Station

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workplaces. As SMART parking system integrates the information and communication technology, it enables users to pay the parking fee electronically and give information about the space that the parking lot have via application or information display. This kind of application have already found, such as CariParkir or Parkiran as the search engine to look for the parking lot. The owner of the parking lot should be registered to the apps first before people can track a parking lot within their parking area. Then, the customers can pay the parking by online, such as Gopay. The application based parking service are not only provides parking lots, but also several facilities for the vehicle users, such as locker to keep their stuffs.

4.1.3. Multi-Modal Road In the multimodal street, the capacity of the street is increased by a more balanced allocation of space between the modes (pedestrian, public and private transportation). This redistribution of space allows for a variety of nonmobility activities such as seating and resting areas, bus stops, as well as trees, planting and other green infrastructure strategies. With the new spaces freed, it can allow for the new infrastructures to fill in.

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5. C O N C L U S I O N

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This research sought to determine if accessibility would generate a better image for public transport, so that the residents of Depok will be more aware of their transportation choices. We stated that the problems were problems of accessibility; both data-accessibility and user-accessibility. From our observation and analysis, we could come up with a feasible solution for enhancing accessibility to promote intermodality in order to ease access from one transport to another.

Aligned with the basic concept of the SMART City concept, the accessibility issue in transit area along Margonda Street should be linked with the improvement of information and communication technologies. The first thing to do is to have the main database serve as the container of the collected data from many aspects of the transportation modes. The most important keyword of implementing the SMART City concept is the “integration” of the data. By the appearance of the single database, it will be easier to integrate the entire data into one single display, the interactive information display and the SMART Parking system. That kind of integration can be mentioned as the intangible integration. However, in order to ensure proper accessibility, the tangible integration should be done as well through the intervention of urban design. The role of the urban design is to make room for accessibility since integration between urban design objects are essential. The role of urban design is to define the spots where the data collection should be located.

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Figure [5.1] Above. People capacity of different modes Below. Short medium to long term plan for better, accessible mobility of Depok

BIBLIOGRAPHY Benevolo, C., Dameri, R. P., & D’Auria, B. (2016). Smart mobility smart city in empowering organizations (13-28). Springer: Cham Global Designing Cities Initiatives (2019). Global Street Design Guide. New York: NACTO. Global Designing Cities Initiatives (2019). Transit Street Design Guide. New York: NACTO.

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Ning, Z., Xia, F., Ullah, N., Kong, X., & Hu, X (2017). Vehicular social networks: Enabling smart mobility. IEEE Communications Magazine, 55(5), 16-55.

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Rathore, M. M., Ahmad, A., Paul, A., & Rhom S.. Urban planning and building smart cities based on the internet of things using big data analytics. Computer Networks, 101, 63-80.

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IMPROVING A HEALTHY COMMUNITY FOR A HEALTHY CITY: A CASE STUDY OF BUKIT INDAH, SOUTH TANGERANG

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Supervisors Dr. -Ing. Ova Candra Dewi, ST, M. Sc. (UI) Dr. Andrew Flynn (CU) Group Members Annisa Marwati, S. Ars (UI) Amalia Ekasanti, S.T (UI) Galuh Talitha A., S. Ars (UI) Hedista Rani P., S. Ars. (UI) Mohammad Aryo, S.T (UI) Novita Hillary C. D., S.T. (UI) Raihan Nabil Al Farisi, S.T (UI) Susanti Muvana N., S.T (UI)

Shi Qingfan (CU) Li Shangjin (CU) Gao Yangjun (CU) Wang Yifu (CU) Fang Tianchen (CU) Weng Shuncan (CHU) Facilitators Aisyah, S.T Cut Sannas Saskia, S.T Rizka Felly, S.T A Big Thanks To: Komplek Bukit Indah RW 07 Community

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A HEALTHY COMMUNITY FOR A HEALTHY CITY Bukit Indah RW 07, South Tangerang, Indonesia

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Abstract The research was mainly aimed towards two main purposes. The first purpose was to evaluate the neighborhood of RW 07 Bukit Indah based on its physical environment. Secondly, the aim was to improve the neighborhood’s well-being based on the “healthy city” concept by initiating recommendations and suggesting design interventions. The main issues in the community were the illegal dumping and the lack of clean water availability. The research methods we used were observation, mapping, air quality measurements, and interviews with community residents. From the observations, we deduced three issues that needed to be addressed: Poor water quality, Illegal dumping, and Insufficient public space for all age groups. For each issue, we suggested different types of

Figure 1.1. Bukit Indah RW 07 Map.

interventions based on varying lengths of time for estimated impact. The lessons that we learned from this community is that they possess strong community participation; they benefit from good spatial planning; and they have accessibility to their basic needs within walking distance.

Keywords Community, Health, Illegal dumping, Park

1. I N T R O D U C T I O N 1.1. Background

World Health Organization. (1998). Health Promotion Glossary. p. 13. Geneva: WHO. 1

Ministry Of Health. (2003). A 2010 Healthy Indonesia Indicators and Guideline for establishing Healthy Provinces and Districts/Cities Indicators. Jakarta: Ministry of Health. 2

Komplek Bukit Indah RW 07 is located in Ciputat, South Tangerang, which was designated as an awardwinning city for Indonesia’s Healthy City program in 2017. A housing complex for 407 residents, Komplek Bukit Indah seems to have a good physical environment and the people seem to enjoy living in the neighborhood. The community won a city-scale award as “Toga Park, CityLevel Champion, (Juara Taman Toga Tingkat Kota)" for their medicinal garden or Taman Toga in 2016. This self-funding park was managed by residents with an awareness of the importance of maintaining health in the community. Their persistence is also evidenced by the variety of medicinal plants they have cultivated in Toga Park (Taman

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The World Health Organization defines a "Healthy City" as: "A city that is continually creating and improving those physical and social environments and expanding those community resources which enable people to mutually support each other in performing all the functions of life and developing to their maximum potential.”1 In Indonesia, the Ministry of Health suggests the bottom-up approach as the best way to achieve a "Healthy Indonesia".2 The Healthy City program should be started from the smallest scale (a Healthy Village), then gradually built up, aiming to a larger scale which includes healthy neighborhoods, healthy districts/cities, healthy provinces, and finally towards a "Healthy Indonesia".

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Toga), which boasts more than 1,000

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species. The project is documented in a book, complete with plant profiles and health benefits.

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Every Friday, the community holds a "Cleaning Friday", to keep their environment clean though mutual cooperation and voluntary participation by the residents. Moreover, they have a collective waste bank system, where people make money from waste. They also have a Lady Farmer Group, which was created to channel people's interest in small-scale home industries. The community also regularly holds physical exercises on Sunday mornings where people can keep up their strength and socialize at the same time. These programs demonstrate the active participation of the community in upgrading their quality of life. Apart from all of those good things happening in the community, there are still some issues that need to be addressed. Do they really live in a

community based on a Healthy City concept? If the answer is "No," then, "How could the community improve their living conditions for a healthy city?" 1.2. Objectives The research is devided into two main purposes. The first purpose is to evaluate the existing conditions of the RW 07 Bukit Indah neighborhood, based on its physical environment; the air quality, waste, and spatial conditions; the community's basic needs, such as food and water quality; their health; and also their way of life as individuals and as a community. These aspects were evaluated to find out if there were problems which would affect or would potentially affect the community's health in the future. Secondly, our aim was to consider possible scenarios to improve the neighborhood’s wellbeing, based on the Healthy City concept as a means of identifying recommendations and suggesting future design interventions.

Figure 1.2. Illegal Dumping on the outskirt of Bukit Indah RW 07 Area Source: Personal Documentation

1.3. Issue The main issues in the community were the illegal dumping and the lack of clean water availability. Sadly, people in the community considered these issues as a normal condition, which does not affect community health. The illegal dumping from unidentifiable outsiders occurs on the outskirts of the neighborhood. We observed the trash was smelly and noted that it contaminated the river water. Outsiders also burn their trash, so the smoke negatively affects the air quality of the entire community. The community leader has tried to ban illegal dumping and trash burning but that action has proven to be unsuccessful in stopping the trash problems.

The illegal dumping site seems to be located on an abandoned site without any supervision, adjacent to community housing. This ambiguity might be the reason why the illegal dumping and burning do not stop even if it is legally banned. Another physical problem is the bad water quality from the river. Residents do not have a potable drinking water supply or grey water for bathing, cleaning or watering plants. Most residents choose to buy water for consumption and household cleaning. 1.4. Hypothesis The illegal dumping and burning contaminates the river water and decreases the air quality. We assumed that this problem happens because of the existence of a nonfunctioning trash collection dump. The boundaries and the ownership of this trash dump are not really clear, so there is no one watching over and responsible for this dumping ground. The poor water quality in Bukit Indah appears to be caused by the existing geographical conditions, because previously it was a hilly landscape that was converted into a housing complex. Shared public services for garbage collection were not included in the ad-hoc development. Our hypothesis is that to transform a non-functioning trash collection dump into a fully-functioning trash collection and waste bank operation would be a solution to stop the illegal dumping and burning. Finding an alternative water source could help the residents to access a potable water source with better quality. Then these two community problems would be solved to the satisfaction of the residents.

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In order to achieve our research objectives, we divided the activities into three parts. First, we observed the community by participating and watching how the community performed their activities. At the same time, we also prepared a questionnaire and interviewed members of the community to get to know more about their physical environment, basic needs, and health issues. Second, all data that we collected were analyzed in terms of indicators to reveal if a community is healthy through its lifestyle, activities, also living environment conditions. These analyses could show which aspects were the most important to focus on. The next step was to undertake a second set of observations by interacting with the residents, measuring the physical environmental quality, and mapping. We hope the results of this research methodology can improve the RW07 community to become a healthier community.

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2. M E T H O D S

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The research methods include observation, mapping, air quality measurement and interviews. The first day was started by meeting the community in the community center. We also explored the neighborhood and did some community mapping. Based on those observations, we prepared a questionnaire to cover several attributes of a Healthy City. There are eleven attributes that need to be provided to be a Healthy City4, including the physical environment, a stable ecosystem, a strong and supportive community, public participation and control, the provision of basic needs, access to a wide variety of experiences and resources, a diverse and innovative city economy, the encouragement of connectedness with precedents, a community form that is compatible with its character, proper public health and a high overall health status. However, in this case study, we mainly focused on the settlement of basic needs, such as food and water quality, a strong and supportive community (that is, its social condition), the physical environment, including air, waste and spatial conditions, and its community health status, including the health facilities provided. On the second day of observation, we were divided into several groups to administer the questionnaire, based on interviews with 28 residents, and we measured the air quality in the neighborhood. With these sets of data, we then examined and analyzed the problems further and came up with some recommendations in the form of design interventions.

3. A N A L Y S I S 3.1. Data Collection and Analysis

Food The traditional market’s location was relatively close to this neighborhood, with the average distance of five minutes by foot. So the majority of the residents go to the market every day to buy food. It can be concluded that all residents eat fresh food daily. Some of the residents had the habit of storing food supplies. There does not seem to be an awareness to prioritize the consumption of fresh and clean food.

In terms of medication, herbal medicine was the most preferred choice by the residents. There were four respondents who trusted western medicine more than traditional medicine. We could see that the traditional medicinal plants grown in Taman Toga had started to reach maturity and were available for personal use and commercial production. In addition to treating diseases, all of the residents in the neighborhood had their own health insurance from BPJS (or another health insurance, ASKES) as a preventive measure. Mental health is also as important as physical health. In the community, residents indicated a strong bond with one another. Besides often

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Health The most common disease suffered by the residents is hypertension (with the percentage of 25%), and some described this as hereditary. The second highest of common diseases is gastric pains, followed by asthma, high cholesterol, and back pain.

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taking the time to socialize, they also paid attention to each other’s health by jointly participating in various activities such as recitation, cooking and processing their harvested vegetables and livestock produce together. Thus, none of the residents felt excluded, and this community spirit is one of the most important aspects to support the mental health of every individual who lives in this neighborhood.

Waste On the household scale, 10% of the respondents do not sort their trash. Twenty-three respondents sorted the trash and gave it to the Waste Bank, while the rest of them sorted it but preferred to give it to

the scavengers instead of the Waste Bank. Another finding from the questionnaire was that the highest amount of trash produced in the household was organic waste (56%) then followed by plastic making up about 34% of the total with 10% nonorganic trash. At the community scale, the illegal dumping occurs on the outskirts of the Komplek Bukit Indah on the border with RW 04. The source of this trash remains anonymous and unsolved. This problem is complicated because the land ownership on the dump site is unknown. Some residents already tried to clean the area and installed signage to prohibit dumping, but the illegal dumping continues to happen.

Air Quality We measured the indoor and outdoor air quality indices. The results indicated that the indoor air quality in some of the residents’ houses were quite good, because it did not exceed the standard (as shown in figure 3.2). From this results, we concluded that the majority of the houses in RW 07 had good air exchange circulation inside the houses. In some points of the outdoor areas, the air quality index exceeded the standard and thus was unhealthy. We observed that this may be because of the fume from automobiles passing by. In addition, the air quality worsened because of fumes from the trash burning that spreads throughout almost all of the RW 07 area.

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Figure [3.1] Above. Food Security Center. Waste Management Below. Population based on gender and age. Male (left) female (right).

Water Quality To identify the water quality standards in RW 07, we collected 46 samples from the tap water in the

residents’ houses. Then we tested the acidity of the water by using litmus paper. From the results, we found that 21.7% of the water samples had an acidity level of 5 pH, 28.3% water had an acidity level of 6 pH, and 47.8% showed the acidity level of 7 pH and the remainder (23.9%) was at an acidity level of 8 pH. According to the water quality standard, good quality of tap water has a range of pH levels between 6.5 - 9 pH (Permenkes No. 416 Tahun 1990 regarding the Requirement of Water Quality Condition and Supervision). So, approximately 50%

of the water samples taken did not meet the water quality standards for tap water. We also checked the physical condition of the water, such as the odor and the clarity. Approximately 37% of the water samples had an unpleasant odor and smelled like iron. Approximately 70% of the water samples were clear and the rest of the water samples taken (30%) were muddy and some of them had sediment and some little pieces of rubbish floating in the water samples. Air quality: 89 PM2.5: 30ug/m² CO₂: 437

Bedroom Air quality: 74 PM2.5: 23ug/m² CO₂: 557

Kitchen Air quality: 63 PM2.5: 68ug/m² CO₂: 571

Bedroom Air quality: 78 PM2.5: 25ug/m² CO₂: 564

Living room Air quality: 76 PM2.5: 24ug/m² CO₂: 434

Bedroom Air quality: 76 PM2.5: 24ug/m² CO₂: 470

Balcony Air quality: 89 PM2.5: 30ug/m² CO₂: 524

Living room Air quality: 78 PM2.5: 25ug/m² CO₂: 418

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Kitchen Air quality: 72 PM2.5: 22ug/m² CO₂: 481

Air quality: 50 PM2.5: 12ug/m² CO₂: 420

Air quality: 63 PM2.5: 18ug/m² CO₂: 421

Air quality: 124 PM2.5: 45ug/m² CO₂: 500 Air quality:137 PM2.5: 50ug/m² CO₂: 418

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Living room Air quality: 66 PM2.5: 19ug/m² CO₂: 468

8 9

Air quality: 74 PM2.5: 23ug/m² CO₂: 466

5 6

Air quality: 63 PM2.5: 18ug/m² CO₂: 417

NORTH

Figure [3.2] Above. Indoor Air Quality Below. Outdoor Air Quality

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AL-ISTIQOM AH M OSQUE

COM M UNITY CENTRE

AL-ISTIQOM AH M OSQUE

COM M UNITY CENTRE

TK PUTRA INDONESIA 3

M ARKET

AL-HUSNA M OSQUE

BUKIT INDAH M ARKET

AL-HUSNA M OSQUE

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PUBLIC & SOCIAL FACILITIES CAT GRAVEYARD

SPORTS FIELD TAM AN TOGA

SPORTS FIELD

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TAM AN TOGA

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Figure [3.3] Above. TOGA Garden Center. Sunday Exercise with the Community Below. Waste Bank Activity

Based on the results of the questionnaire, there were 7 respondents who drank tap water after boiling it. Almost all (18) of the respondents also consumed and bought and consumed bottled water in five-gallon bottles for home use. There were 8 respondents who used groundwater for cooking, because they felt the groundwater was of suitable quality. Other respondents, who felt that the quality of groundwater in their houses was not good enough, chose to buy Bogor Water, which is refilled water from a water distribution depot individual consumption. One of the respondents obtained drinking water from the neighbor’s house. As for checking the iron (Fe) content of the groundwater, we conducted laboratory tests on some of the samples we had taken. Based on a random sampling, the sample which had the highest iron content is Sample R20, reaching 3.27 mg/

CATS GRAVEYARD

Figure [3.4] Above. Public and Social Facilities Below. Open Space and Green Space

liter. In fact, the maximum quality standard for iron content is 0.3 mg/ liter. For manganese (Mg) content, all samples exceeded the standard, with the maximum of 0.4 mg/liter. After we did the mapping of water sources, we did not find any correlation between the location of groundwater wells in each houses and water quality. It was very random and no patterns were seen. Some residents complained that the RW 07 neighborhood was once a hilly area, so the distribution of clean water was unpredictable.

People The people in the RW 07 neighborhood are very close to each other because they love to participate in community programs, ranging from gardening to waste management to exercise activities. The most well-known community activity is Toga Park (Taman Toga), a medicinal garden, which has won several awards throughout 2016.

This garden is a community-led, non-governmental initiative. The residents developed and tend the garden by themselves. There are over than 500 species of medicinal plants; all of the plants are welldocumented with regard to their specifications and health benefits. Besides the garden, the residents also have a strong interest in caring for animals. The community managed to create a graveyard-specifically for cats--near Taman Toga.

Waste management was not a new thing, since the residents have their own waste bank in the community. Along with this movement, the residents sort their waste before throwing it away. The residents sort plastics, papers, plastic bottles and any other hard plastics. Then, every Sunday, they conduct a weighing program, where the residents bring their plastic waste and weigh it to earn some money. The money is deposited and is withdrawn for festive occasions such as Lebaran. To maintain their own health, the residents hold an exercise session together every Sunday in the field. It is clear that the community has strong bonds and care for each other. But all of these brilliant programs

Spatial Planning Primary local public facilities, such as the assembly hall, the garden, an open field, a mosque and a market, and the primary school, are easily accessible on foot (only a 3-4 minute walk). This could be beneficial for exercise purposes and also to reduce pollution from private vehicles. Most residents also have tendency to buy fresh ingredients daily (or more often) because the market is located nearby. The total area of green space has already met the standard of 1 m2/ person. There are about 400 people, therefore the total area of green space should be at least 400 m2. But sadly, the green open space is not really optimized. There are limited kinds of activity/exercise that can be held in the green space available, such as gardening and light sports or morning exercises, because the field is surrounded by the plants from Taman Toga. The young people cannot engage in sports like basketball or football. And there are also inadequate children’s playgrounds. We also observed that some small children would just play on the street with their friends. This condition is not ideal and can be dangerous. Children are a small percentage of the community’s population.

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The residents also created the “Lady Farmers Group”, a group of women who share the same interests in gardening and processing the crops. For example, the Lady Farmers grow and harvest Tin leaves (Ficus carica) in Taman Toga. The leaves are dried as tea, packaged and sold as traditional herbal medicine. This tea is good for curing high blood pressure, among other ailments. The profits go back to the community to maintain the garden.

are threatened to end sooner or later because of the natural cycle of aging. Although the major age group of the population is 21-40 years old, in the prime of their productive age bracket, most of the breadwinners have to commute to make a living. This situation leaves the elderly (in the 61-70 age group and mostly retired) to manage the community and participate in community activities.

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clear

R10

clear

R11

clear

R12

murky

R13

clear

R14

clear

R15

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R16

iron

clear

R17

clear

R18

clear

R19

clear

R20

iron

yellowish

R21

clear

R22

yes

clear

R23

clear

0.1

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iron

clear

6.5

murky

R08

iron

clear

R09

clear

R10

clear

R11

clear

R12

murky

R13

clear

R14

- Figure [3.5] clear - Above. Ground clear Water Sample Mapping

yes

clear clear murky

2.4

R05 R25 R06 R26

yes iron iron

murky clear clear

0.1

2.4

0.05

R07 R27 R08 R28

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iron chlorine -

murky clear murky

0.3 0.1

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R09 R29 R10 R30

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R24 7 yes murky Table [3.1] 7 Left.R25 Ground Water Sample Data clear (House 1 - House 21) Right. Water Sample Dataclear (House 22 - House 43) R26Ground5.5 -

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6,5 - 9

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R17 Manganese (Mn)

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Water ironBelow. Ground clear 0.2Sample 2.41

Manganese (Mn) 0.2 0,4 (mg/L)

Iron (Fe) 3.27 0,3 (mg/L)

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clear murky clear murky clear

R11 R31 R12 R32 R13 R33

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chlorine fishy

R14 R34 R15 R35 R16 R36

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iron -

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R17 R37 R18 R38 R19 R40 R20 R41 R21 R42

7 5 7 5 5 7

iron iron -

clear yellowish murky clear

0.3 0.2

0.04 3.27

R22 R43 R23

5 7 6

yes -

clear murky clear

0.3

0.35

murky clear clear clear murky clear

R24

yes

murky

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R26

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clear

R27

iron

murky

R28

murky

R27

iron

murky

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murky

R29

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murky

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chlorine

murky

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murky

R30

murky clear

R31

clear

R31

R32

chlorine

clear

R32

chlorine

clear

R33

fishy

clear

R33

fishy

clear murky

R34

murky

R34

R35

clear

R35

clear

R36

clear

R36

clear

R37

murky

R37

murky

R38

clear

R38

clear

3.2. Problems The main problems in Komplek Bukit Indah are illegal dumping and insufficient clean water availability. The illegal dumping occurs along the small stream on the outskirts of the neighborhood of RW 07 and bordering RW 04. The illegal dumping causes bad odors

Aspects Food

Criteria

Observation

Data Survey (Respondent)

in the environment and certainly decreases the air quality. According to the residents of RW 07, the land is private property of unknown ownership, so no one can intervene for solving the illegal dumping, except through identification of the owner or through government enforcement.

Conclusion

Adequate

They have good source of food since they live near the traditional market.

Freshness

Adequate

They seldom store their food in a long period of time. They also do not use any chemical seasoning to their food, only the natural seasoning.

Separation

Neutral

Not all of them has separated their waste. The houses’ trash bins are not separated either.

Recycling

Inadequate

They do not recycle their trash.

Medicine & Medical Facilities

Adequate

All the residents have adequate access to medical facilities & medicine (both herbs & pharmaceutical)

Health condition

Inadequate

Adequate

They know that they have illness, but seem not to take it seriously

Water

Clean Water

Inadequate

Neutral

Almost all the respondents think that their ground water is not good enough to be consumed. Refill water & Mineral water are their first choice for drinking/cooking.

Air

Outdoor

Neutral

Adequate

Some areas have a poor air quality (data available), but most of them think the opposite.

Spatial Planning

Green/ Community area*)

Adequate

Green park area (provision) → 1,2 m2/person

Community Participation

Adequate

Strong-bonded community

Community Activity

Adequate

They have a lot of programmes, such as TOGA, Waste Bank, Farmer Gurlz, etc. and they do it every.

Waste

Health

People/ Social

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Source

Regulation 0.5m2/person

Table [3.2] Problem List, based on Observation and Data Survey

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4. R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 4.1. Interventions

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There are three issues that need to be addressed to advance the Bukit Indah residents’ well-being; (1) Poor water quality, (2) Illegal dumping, and (3) Insufficient public space for all age groups. We recommend interventions that can be done for each issues and classify the interventions into three categories: Short-term, Medium-term and Longterm interventions.

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4.1.1. Poor Water Quality

Short-Term Intervention Based on the results of the questionnaire and field survey measurements and test results, we came to the conclusion that water quality in Bukit Indah is generally poor. Although almost half of the respondents (46%) stated that they do not consume the groundwater for cooking or drinking, there are still 29% respondents who use groundwater for cooking. The short-term intervention is raising awareness of all residents in Bukit Indah to stop consuming groundwater for cooking and drinking. Showing the results of the water quality measurements and educating the people about the possible health threats from consuming poor-quality water is necessary to convince the residents to find alternative potable water sources for cooking and drinking. Medium-Term Intervention Rain harvesting system for each house can help the resident obtain an alternative water source. Rainwater

Type of Intervention

Length of Time (est.)

Level of Participant(s)

Short-term Intervention

weeks/ a month

individual and household

Medium-term Intervention

months

household and community

Long-term Intervention

months/years

community and local government

Problems Poor Water Quality

Illegal Dumping

Short-term Intervention

Medium-term Intervention

Long-term Intervention

Plant a plant that can filter air pollution so that the smoke from the trash burning won’t get in to the houses.

Law enforcement for those who throw the trash in the area.

Educate the people Build rain water & Suggesting local not to consume the filtration system per government to build tap water. household. water distribution infrastructure as fast as possible.

Raising awareness such as putting a banner/poster nearby the illegal dumping site. Insufficient public space for all age group

Plant bamboos along the riverside to minimize water pollution.

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Improve proper waste management system in Tangerang Selatan.

Build a gate/ fence Total park renovation, border around the adding features. sport field.

Table [4.1] Above. Types of Intervention Table [4.2] Below. Problems and Intervention

ttreatment such as filtration or pHlevel neutralization may be needed, depending on the rainwater quality they can collect. Developing a rain-harvesting system in every household can also improve the environment, since groundwater extraction from deep wells could be minimized.

Long-Term Intervention The government, along with PT. Pembangunan Investasi Tangerang Selatan, already has a plan to provide the Bukit Indah RW 07 neighborhood with drinking water. Considering the poor water quality, we think that it is necessary for the residents to immediately build drinking water infrastructure and accelerate the realization of their water management plan.

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Figure [4.1] Above. Intervention for Poor Water Quality Center. Intervention for Illegal Dumping Below. Intervention for Insufficient Public Space

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4.1.2. Illegal Dumping

Medium-Term Intervention Currently, in the park, there are no proper boundaries between Toga Park and the sport fields. This makes people (including children) are reluctant to play games, exercise or engage in sports in the park, since sporting activities will risk the plants getting damaged. Fence installation as a border between sports field and the Toga Park nursery may help in solving this problem. By installing a perimeter fence, it is hoped that not only senior citizens, but also children and adults will be interested in participating in sporting events in the field. Long-Term Intervention For long-term intervention, we suggest a total park renovation. Adding more features that can lead people engage in sports and healthy activities like playgrounds, interactive urban furniture, reflexology paths and public gym equipment will encourage everyone, not only the senior citizens, to lead an active lifestyle and live a healthier life. By adding more recreational features to the park, it is hoped that the park can be a community center for all age groups in Bukit Indah where people could also maintain their mental health with more social interaction.

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Short-Term Intervention The illegal dumping has caused air pollution from the overall smell and frequent trash burning in the Bukit Indah RW 07 neighborhood. A simple intervention such as putting “Do Not Litter” banners nearby the illegal dumping site raise awareness for residents and non-residents to stop littering illegally and to start throwing their trash away at other available dump sites or waste banks. Meanwhile, air pollution from illegal trash burning can also be reduced with plants, such as “Golden Pothos” (Epipremnum aureum or Sirih Gading), to reduce the impact of carbon monoxides near the illegal dump site. However, “Golden Pothos’ or Devil’s Ivy is an invasive species and requires maintenance. Long-Term intervention Local Government action is needed for immediate law enforcement measures levied against people who litter illegally. However, even when there are warning signs and fines, local government and community enforcement against illegal dumping and burning is difficult. Socioeconomic factors are also a consideration, since some people cannot afford to pay for trash collection services. Providing a public waste management system for all households in Tangerang Selatan is also advisable. It is very important, since illegal dumping may be from outsiders, who do not live inside the Bukit Indah neighborhood. Thus, the waste management system of Tangerang Selatan needs to be improved to be able to reach all neighborhoods in Tangerang Selatan.

4.1.3. Insufficient Green Spaces for all ages

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5. C O N C L U S I O N

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Bukit Indah might look like a decent residential neighborhood, but there are still some problems to be addressed. Those problems concern poor water quality, illegal dumping, and insufficient public space. We propose short-term, medium-term, and long-term intervention for each problem. According to our research findings, these interventions may be able to help Bukit Indah to enhance its livability and to be a healthier community. In addition, the residents of Bukit Indah have shown us, as academic researchers that we have so many things to learn, both within the physical aspects of the residential neighborhood and the sociological aspects of the community. Walking distances to the market and the public park encourages residents to exercise regularly, to consume fresh food, and to be able to strengthen their bond as a community. We observed in our field surveys that community

participation has advanced the resident’s individual well-being. A city consists of many communities. By gradually advancing communities to become healthier places is a good start towards making a “Healthy city.” The Bukit Indah community, with its organized programs, its way of life, and spatial conditions, is a good example for other communities in the megaregion of Jakarta and Tangerang to follow in order to improve their well-being. However, we have to remember realizing a Healthy City is a complex and ongoing process. As well as support from local government and community stakeholders, there needs to continual individual attention to the physical and social conditions of the community; and that is what a “Healthy City” concept is all about.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Corburn, J. (2009). Toward the healthy city: People, places, and the politics of urban planning. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Ministry Of Health. (2003). A 2010 Healthy Indonesia Indicators and Guideline for establishing Healthy Provinces and Districts/Cities Indicators. Jakarta: Ministry of Health. WHO Healthy Cities Project. (1986). Promoting health in the urban context Copenhagen: WHO. World Health Organization. (1998). Health Promotion Glossary. Geneva: WHO.

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CIMANGGIS HOUSE: CULTURAL AND COMMUNITY LED CITY

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Supervisor Prof. Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan (UI) Prof. Christopher Silver (CU)

Yiman Zhang (CU) Xiaoting Zhu (CU) Zixuan Gao (CU)

Group Member Anissa Pramesti A. (UI) Asyraf Muhammad (UI) Dewi Ayisha (UI) Fairuz Alfira S. S. (UI) Galuh Anisa Putri (UI) Khusnul Hanifati, S. T. (UI) Rahmia Nurwulandari, S. T. (UI) Widya Laksmi Larasati, S. T. (UI) Siqi Liu (CU) Ye Xia (CU)

Facilitator Kani Muthmainnah, S.T. Nia Namira Hanum, S. Pd. Big Thanks To: Depok Heritage Community, Mr. Punto Wijayanto, Dr. Andrea Frank, Department of Youth, Sports, Tourism, and Culture of Depok Government

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CIMANGGIS HOUSE, DEPOK CITY

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Abstract For more than 350 years, Indonesia was colonized by the Dutch. The Dutch played a major role in the development of cities in Indonesia, especially through the buildings and the architectural styles. These buildings helped to shape the value and importance of an area. Batavia was the most important area for trading and government and much of the Dutch heritage was established and remains there. The Dutch also established some buildings in the outskirt of Jakarta, some of them in what is now the city of Depok. Most of the buildings that were built in the Depok area were private houses (landhuis). Unfortunately, many of these landhuises no longer exist. One landhuis that remains and is listed as a heritage site is Cimanggis Landhuis. This landhuis was once an important building in the life

of Cimanggis area, serving as a transit stop between Batavia and Buitenzorg (Bogor). After Indonesia’s independence, the ownership of this building was changed several times and was put into different uses. Now, this landhuis is threatened by the lack of maintenance and issues related to reusing the area of the house for another development that could threaten its survival. This research examines the important role of the community in the heritage preservation through an Historical Urban Landscape approach, with recommendations of policies for local governments, and suggested spatial design plans to preserve the building. Keywords HUL, Depok, sustainability, heritage

1. I N T R O D U C T I O N 1.1. Background History is an integral part of a city’s identity. This also applies to Depok, a buffer city located at the outskirt of Jakarta. The origins of Depok city is connected with the Dutch East India Company (the VOC) and the Dutch people who colonialized what became Indonesia.

Initially, Cimanggis House was meant to be Johanna’s place when

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The term “Depok” was derived from the abbreviation as “de Eerste Protestaan Onderdaan Kerk”. It is closely related with the story of Cornelis Chastelein who bought a plot of land at the southern edge of Batavia at 1696. He then used the land as a plantation and brought in slaves from the other parts of the archipelago to work at his plantation. The total number of slaves in that time was approximately 150 person, and he divided them into 12 Christian clans. Until 1775, the VOC (Vereenigde oost-Indische Compagnie, or Dutch East IndiesCompany) governed the territory in the name of the Dutch government. Governor- General, Petrus Albertus van der Parra, bought a plot of land for her second wife, Adrianna Johanna van der Parra (née Bake). Johanna was a successful trader at the time. She built the Cimanggis Market as her business place. Today Cimanggis Market has been renamed Pasar Pal. Johanna then built her own country house on a piece of that land, and that is how Landhuis Tjimanggis, or Cimanggis House, came into being.

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she took some day off to rest. Also, Johanna could watch over the trading activities happened at Cimanggis Market from her house. Landhuis Tjimanggis also seerved as a checkpoint for other traders that wanted to go to Buitenzorg (old name of Bogor) using the PostDaendels Weg. After Johanna passed away, the house was used in conjunction with a rubber plantation owned by David J. Smith. Much later (after Independence), the house was used as the Indonesian Republican Radio (Radio Republik Indonesia) basecamp. It continued that role until 2003. After that, the house was abandoned and left to decay. Currently the house is in a dilapidated condition, with the roof completely broken down and trees growing inside its walls. But the character of the original landhuis is still evident in the building’s footprint as well as the walls, window and door openings and piece of ornamentation that remain to attest to it previous scale and elegance. 1.2. Objectives

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This objective of this project is to identify a strategy to re-activate the function of Cimanggis House, including the steps needed to preserve and rehabilitate this important structure. Heritage building policy will play an important main role in helping to achieve this goal. In order to reactivate the functional aspect of Cimanggis House, there needs to be policy regarding the preservation of the house. This policy should be applied not just to the physical conditions of the structure, and how the rehabilitation can impact the

whole Depok citizenry by restoring this building one of Depok city’s most important heritage buildings. 1.3. Issue We have identified some problems with the context within which the Cimanggis House resides as well as from the perspective of the whole Depok city. From the perspective of local citizens and Sukmajaya district, this building suffers from a lack of attention due to its location and accessibility. The huge space comprising the original Landhuis Tjimanggis used to be an open green space (Ruang Terbuka Hijau, RTH). It was like a park, filled with wild plants and wild shrubs before the central government of Jakarta decided to locate a new international university on the site, namely International Islamic University of Indonesia (UIII). Also, there has been an ongoing problem related to property theft. One of the original ornamental sculptures was stolen. Fortunately it was recovered and is stored away from its original place so that it won’t get taken again. All of the above problems are caused by the absence of adequate policies in managing cultural heritage buildings. Therefore Depok government and the Depok Heritage Community need to determine what kind of approach should be taken to be affordable and provide benefits both for Depok citizens, eco-city concept, and also the eventually built UIII. 1.4. Hypothesis In our opinion, because this building has played an important role in Depok history, it can help to support the city’s identity and even this city’s

future. Landhuis Tjimanggis has its own worth as a heritage building, and it has a lot of significance value. Our view is that Cimanggis House should be restored to its original form and condition, inserting some adaptive reuse concept into its future use related to cultural education, as a UIII’s asset/campus facility, and through this restoration to have a role as a cultural generator for the community both around the site and Depok city as a whole.

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2. M E T H O D S

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This research utilizes two different approaches, the Historic Urban Landscape or HUL approach and the Eco City - Culture and Community approach. HUL method focuses on finding the site values and significances through historical documents, record findings, newspapers, site plans, regulations, and interviews with key stakeholders. The results of these are then used to create a vision that can lead to a more practical recommendation of what the future of the site will be. The Eco City Culture and Community method emphasizes the community aspects. The research aimed to provide a guideline to sustainably develop the heritage site and integrate it into the overall eco city plan, in terms of culture and community. Both method compliment each other and enabled the research team to produce a comprehensive recommendation. The interview responders include the surrounding neighborhood,

previous building inhabitants prior to 2003, representatives from Depok city government, and the history community that was involved in the process of site establishing it as a heritage site. The interview questions focused on what do responders think about and expect from the site, both from their personal views and as a member of the society. This was used to measure its value as heritage, as well as to give the team options for future development that will be considered satisfactory to the involved parties. Due to the limited access to the current owner of the plot where the heritage site is located, as well as the absence of heritage regulations and a heritage department in the city government, the team had to rely on precedents from other regions. The team did research on news outlets as well as social media. The news outlets provided a glimpse into the site’s value to the society, while social media linked its popularity amongst youths.

3. A N A L Y S I S 3.1. Problems

The heritage status achieved by the house did not necessarily resolve its existing problem which mainly has been caused by the lack of maintenance and security, and a lack of function, be it from the owner, government, as well as the surrounding communities. Centuries of neglect have caused the house to lose more than half of its physical built. The fallen roof, peeled off paint, and missing ornaments were caused by a lack of maintenance, the effects of rain, and thievery. Adding to the list is the ownership issue. The current site where the house is located is now owned by the Ministry of Religion.

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Depok City has been known as a transit area between Jakarta (Batavia) and Bogor (Buitenzorg) since the VOC era. As with many other cities similarly situated, Depok also gain benefit of development from being a transit city. It began as a market area where travelers could rest their horses and step off of their carriage for a while. In Depok, this market was known as Pal Market. The owner of Pal Market built a country house (landhuis) nearby, now known as Tjimanggis Landhuis. Thus this house became a historical evidence of the development of Depok City. Despite its level of importance, the status of heritage was not recognized until late 2018, approximately 250 years after it was built.

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The ministry plans to build a university on the site. The house has not been incorporated into the landscape design of the proposed university and, in fact, appears to be slated for demolition. Fortunately this plan came to the attention of history enthusiasts from the community who took the position that the house should be saved and hopefully restored. Initially the Depok government’s opinion was divided about keeping it. Another obstacle was that the government does not have the expert nor department involved in this area of work. Nevertheless, several protests from the historical community

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convinced Depok to establish its status as heritage asset to be preserved. Another issue arose regarding stakeholders for its future safekeeping. The current owner’s development plan is already against its status as heritage. Their privately owned site also provides an obstacle for public accessibility. On the other hand, the government stated its intention to include the house in their future plan of the city, yet it is unclear as of how this should be carried out. So there is a city plan to keep the house and the Ministry of Religion plan that excludes the house. 3.2. Research In this project, the research team attempted to address the aforementioned issues within the context of Eco-city planning. The analysis method used in this research is Historical Urban Landscape, as introduced by UNESCO in 2011. This method focuses on both the tangible and intangible components of the heritage object, as well as its singularity and contextuality related to the surrounding environment.

Figure [3.1] [Campus design on Cimanggis site] Source : [Tempo and Liputan 6]

In this method, the intangible heritage values will be fully involved in the process of interpretation, planning, and conservation of the heritage (Bandarin, 2015) thereby increasing the sustainability of planning and design interventions. This includes the existing built environment, intangible heritage, cultural diversity, socio-economic and environmental factors along with local community values.

3.3. Data Collection 3.3.1. Architectural Values Rumah Cimanggis shows acculturation of architectural styles that occurred in Indonesia. The influence of indische architecture style is evidenced in the verandas that surround its symmetrical wall structure and the symmetrical footprint with three galleries. The detailed wood crafted ornaments and the shape of the roof also provide proof of the mixture of local craftsmanship styles in the

house. The interior reflects Louis XV design style, identified with high renaissance and rococo element in its furniture and fixtures. The outlier columns, however, are doric columns that indicates Neoclassic Architectural Style which appeared in the 1800s to strengthen its structure. 3.3.2. Historical Values Rumah Cimanggis located on the main access road between Batavia (Jakarta) and Buitenzorg (Bogor). In the Dutch era, the

Eco-City Live Project 2019 Figure [3.3] Present and Past Condition

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area was used as a resting place for those who were on their way from Batavia (Jakarta) to Bogor. The house ownership changed over time, as did the function of the house. From being a private house in the 18th century owned by the governor general of VOC, to a military base in the 19th century by Dutch KNIL, and then to an employee’s house for workers at the National Radio transmitters (RRI) in the 20th century, these were its many uses before it was abandoned in the 21st century.

site makes it a place for communities to know more about Depok’s history. Some local groups such as cyclists, painters, and historians sometimes gather there. Usually, these gatherings include an education discussion with children too. Some of the retired RRI employees’ family still live there on the grounds, so they likely have a sense of belonging with the house. As for the broader citizenry of Depok, we distributed some questionnaires to collect qualitative data from the citizens.

3.3.3. Ecological Values

3.4. Analysis

There are more than twenty lakes encompassing 91 hectares of waterbody in Depok. West Java Governor Ridwan Kamil has declared Depok to be a lake city and this resource contains various potentials for the well-being of the city. This indicates that water, primarily in lakes, has value because it helps to determine Depok’s identity as a city. As for Rumah Cimanggis’ landscape, it is typical of the standard pattern of a landhuis site. The house is oriented towards the main road which is 600 meters away. The choice of location was probably made to avoid the noise from the busy road as well as to get closer to the Cijantung river located in the rear. The choice of the site could also be related to the two reservoir / lakes on the north and southeast of the house, which provided a water supply.

The collected data revealed what is considered as the main challenge for the site. It is the university construction plan. The house is not included in the original site plan. Moreover, the plan would remove public access to the house and the site. But since the site now has been established as a heritage, it is protected by law and can not be demolished. The question is, what is the next thing to be done? When conserved, how may the owner incorporate the heritage site into the university development plan and make it beneficial? How can the site remain beneficial to the public as well when it is located in a private area? Which part of the landhuis is considered as a heritage? And who will be responsible for the safekeeping of the structure?

3.3.4. Community Values

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Depok is a culturally diverse area based upon the ethnic identities of its local communities, such as the Belanda-Depok, Betawi-Depok, and Sunda-Depok. The establishment of Tjimanggis Landhuis as a heritage

These were answered using the aforementioned HUL method. From the site analysis and interview, it is concluded that preserving and restoring the building and its landscape should be incorporated into the university’s development plan, and a conservation plan is needed for the building itself. The

building and its landscape should be restored to its original form (by keeping the architectural and historical values) and made a part of the campus development. Following the conservation, the house should be able to engage the stakeholders and surrounding communities to ensure its sustainability. The heritage buildings can be a generator to sustain cultural, economic, or educational activities in Depok. To start this action, the Depok government needs to create a heritage team to develop conservation guidelines. The following list conservation plans.

recaps

the

2. Conserve the landhuis physical built. 3. Recreate the landscape in a smaller scale. A straight pathway with trees on both sides and a rice field in the rear are two character of the landhuis that can be recreated. The rice field may be altered into a nursery, providing trees for the city.

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1. Create a department of heritage in the local government body.

schools. The use can be adjusted to regular study hours from 7.00 am to 1.00 pm weekdays. 5.3. Meeting hall The back gallery may be functioned as meeting hall for the surrounding neighbourhood or other party with appointment, during night hours and weekends. 5.4. Entertainment hall The centre and back galleries may be used as entertainment hall. The choice of entertainment should consider the building physical condition such as movie screening, chamber music or acoustic music concert, and shadow puppet shows. The material may focused on the traditional music and shows.

4. Create a public access that does not interfere with the university’s ground. 5. Reuse the landhuis to serve the stakeholders’ needs. 5.1. Museum / exhibition hall The front gallery may be occupied as museum depicting the history of Depok city, opens on weekends and holidays. 5.2. Additional classroom The bedrooms are adequate to serve as classroom to support public

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Based on the questionnaire, the largest percentage of age group living there is 45-64. Most people living in Cisalak are long-term residents. The retired RRI officers are the large percentage group there, followed by business man (shop vendor) and farmers. The diagram depict communities’ choice to preserve Cimanggis House. About 46% of the communities choose that Cimanggis House is important for the surrounding and have to be preserved.

Value 1: Very important, Value 2: Important, Value 3: Moderate, Value 4: Not Important, Value 5: Very not important

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The two pie chart beside describe community preference regarding building function and the lack of facilities in the surrounding area based on the interview. Overall, in both chart, the most significant function that community demand and lack of facilities is leisure facilities. With regards to the result, the building function that community most likely to prefer is leisure facilities.

Figure [3.4] Left. [Questionaire Data] Right. [Landscape Analysis]

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4. R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 4.1. Interventions 4.1.1. Guidelines The local government had stated their intention to create a department of heritage under the government body in near future. In accordance, group 4 propose a guideline.

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1) Heritage Team Members The member should consists of a representatives from the government, professionals, and non-government organizations as well as academic associations. The academic experts should be from at least history, archaeology, and architectural engineering background. Their objectives, obligations, and rights should be properly laid out before working on any project. 2) Heritage Values A value analysis should be held properly toward any historical sites or item or object to define its heritage status. The fact that historical object is a part of the community be considered as well.. It is best when an object can be a generator for either economic, social, or educational aspects of the city. 3) Conservation Guideline

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A complete, detailed, and clear guideline of heritage building, site, or object preservation, conservation,

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Figure [4.1] Above. [Landhuis Site Plan] Center. [Landscape Plan] Below. [Front View Design]

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Figure [4.2] Above. [Greenhouse Landscape Plan] Below. [Greenhouse Design]

recommendation on heritage object and the Republic of Indonesia heritage law year 2010.

and maintenance should be available. The maintenance aspect may include business plan guidelines and restoration methods as well. The guideline may be written according to UNESCO

4. Stakeholders & Supervisor The ownership status, rights, and obligations should be properly written. The conservation, management, and maintenance

should be supervised by the local government. 5. Site development When possible, a site development is encourage, as long as it does not interfere in the physical heritage object. Preferable interventions are those that are aimed for social, and educational purpose. Every interventions should be under the consent of the stakeholders, which includes the surrounding communities and neighbourhoods. 4.1.2. Proposed Scenarios

1) Landscape Design 1.1. Re-create driveways with trees heading towards the main entrance from two access (university and public). This is the part of landscape that can be revived. 1.2. Build a nursery/ greenhouse at the rear part of the house. This nursery may provide seeds for the university or even the city landscaping purpose. It can also be marketed to the public. The nursery can be run by locals under the government supervision. In a way, it helps Depok regain its lush ecosystem. 1.3. The former diesel room adjacent to the main house can be converted into a canteen, restrooms, and kitchen. This may also be the source of income for locals, providing meals for university student or the house visitors and users.

Another probable usage of the landscape is as a farming workshop. The whole building and its garden may be converted into a real life farming laboratory and practical studies. This is considered to be beneficial in the long run. Depok can restore its green area and its citizen may get a source of income in agriculture industry. 3) Educational and Leisure Activities A list of adaptive reuse for the house is designed based on the questionnaire and site analysis result. 3.1. Additional classroom for state school in weekdays (7 AM to 1 PM), 6 rooms, managed by the government. 3.2. Stage for performance art and cultural event, to be used in weekdays (after 2 PM) and during weekend. 3.3. Neighborhood meeting hall which is available from the evening and weekends. 3.4. Exhibition hall, focusing on Depok and Tjimanggis landhuis history in particular. Offering an experience of ‘a history that visitors may walk in;. 3.5. Performance hall. Can be used by any communities on night, weekends, and holidays. traditional music and shows.

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From the interview result, it can be seen that an adaptive reuse of the landuis is desired and is expected to increase the engagement of the communities. Group 4 propose the followings:

2) Farming Workshop

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Eco-City Live Project 2019 Figure [6.3] Above. [Site Development Timeline] Below. [Place Standard Analysis]

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Eco-City Live Project 2019 Figure [6.4] Above. [Proposed Rehabilitation Design 1] Below. [Proposed Rehabilitation Design 2]

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5. C O N C L U S I O N From those explanation and analysis brief before, we concluded that in order to get some adequate function and scenario it should gave a sustainable benefit for both the local society and UIII Campus. Since Depok city has already formed the expertise team of heritage building and objects, then some beneficial scenario and value must be maintained effectively, especially in historical and cultural aspect of the Depok city. As mentioned in HUL guidelines of preservation and conservation of heritage objects, which we used for the method, we tried to maintain some adequate of scenario and recommendation that gave a lot of advantages not only in cultural value, but also for the financial tools, civic engagement, and the most important is to regulate the policies and systems within this eco-city project. We can’t deny that history takes a crucial part for determining the true identity of a city. That’s why we recommend restoring the landscape and building element of the original Landhuis Tjimanggis due to its identity and surrounding context. As for the architectural

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Figure [5.1] Above. [Greenhouse Plan] Below. [Landscape Plan]

aspect, it is related much with the historical points as well due to its role within the Indische-styled building pioneer. That’s why we strongly recommended to restore the building and landscape to its original form, space, and spatial quality.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Depok. 2017. Kecamatan Sukmajaya dalam Angka. Depok: Badan Pusat Statisstik Kota Depok. Taylor, Jean Gelman. 1983. The Social World of Batavia. London: University of Wisconsin Press. Corten, Jean-Paul and Maulana Ibrahim. 2016. Under the Volcano. My Liveable City vol. Apr-Jun 2016:24-29. Detiknews. 2015.Rumah ‘Mak Lampir’ Pejabat VOC di Depok dan Julukan Gedung Gede. Availiable at: https://news.detik.com/berita/3015639/rumah-mak-lampirpejabat-voc-di-depok-dan-julukan-gedung-gede [Accessed: 16/01/2019]

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Digital Collection Universitet Leiden Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI). http://www.kpi.go.id/index.php/id/ umum/38-dalam-negeri/34107-sejarah-lahirnya-hari-radio-nasional-dan-rri Kurnia, Tri Ellyza. 2015. Rumah Tuan Tanah Cimanggis sebagai Bangunan Cagar Budaya. Depok, Universitas Indonesia Megapolitan Kompas. 2018. Rumah Cimanggis Ditetapkan Jadi Cagar Budaya. https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2018/10/01/21551871/rumah-cimanggisditetapkan-jadi-cagar-budaya. [Accessed: 21/01/2019] Ministry of Culture. Rumah Cimanggis. https://cagarbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/ public/objek/newdetail/PO2018010900001/rumah-cimanggis Pemerintah Indonesia. 2010. Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2010 Yang Mengatur Tentang Cagar Budaya. Lembaran Negara RI Tahun 2010 No. 130. Jakarta: Sekretariat Negara. Prakosa, Wahyu and Agus Suparman. 2013. Karakteristik Rumah Peristirahatan Kolonial Belanda di Kaliurang. Bandung: Proceeding PESAT (Psikologi, Ekonomi, Sastra, Arsitektur & Teknik Sipil) UNESCO. 2013. New Life for Historic Cities. Wartakota. 2018. Ornamen Ventilasi Rumah Cimanggis Diserahkan ke Banten Setelah Sempat Hilang Dicuri. Available at：http://wartakota.tribunnews. com/2018/07/17/ornamen-ventilasi-rumah-cimanggis-diserahkan-ke-bantensetelah-sempat-hilang-dicuri?page=3 [Accessed: 16/01/2019] Wartakota. 2019. Warga Gelar Syukuran di Rumah Cimanggis, Bangunan Cagar Budaya di Depok. Abailiable at: http://wartakota.tribunnews.com/2019/01/13/wargagelar-syukuran-di-rumah-cimanggis-bangunan-cagar-budaya-di-depok [Accessed: 16/01/2019] 150

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Prof. Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D.

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Congratulations for what you have done so far. This is very remarkable since it isn’t easy especially when you work with different kind people and different culture. Especially, for our guest from Cardiff, Florida, and Chongqing Jiaotong University. Here is a reminder for what we have been done so far from first day until today.

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On the first day of Ecocity Live Project 2019, all of us have visited the national gallery to see the Architecture Universitas Indonesia exhibition Excursion of Seram Island. After that, we went to Kota Tua visited the historic city, the old town of Jakarta. It was also important when we visited Kampung Luar Batang as it is become the research object for group 1. Second day, to gain understanding of ecocity and green infrastructure with the natural environment, we visited UI lakes and followed route of water catchment channel inside Campus. Then, to understand the cultural and community issues, we visited Landhuiss Cimanggis as an object research of group 4 and this give an understanding of historic urban landscape preservation principle in relation to deterioration of historic structure, followed by a discussion with the representation of Depok Departement of Communication and Information for smart city group. While on the separated group, the healthy city group continued with field observation at Ciputat area in the Southern part of Tangerang City. To collect more data, the group

continued with more field interview and some expert were invited to lecture as part of Ecocity Live Project. The first lecturer, Mr. Punto Wijoyanto is a Lecturer at Architecture Department of Trisakti University, spoke on research method related to UNESCO historic urban landscape entitled challenges and opportunities for safe guarding heritage cities. He also gave an overview of Indonesia laws on building, spatial planning, and cultural heritage. His main point about the heritage and ecocity, revolve around the idea that every place is unique through its geography, hydrology, history, ecosystem, and its climate making it difficult to have a single typology or model of the ecocity. In particular, for Rumah Cimanggis in Depok which is connected with the context of its nature, cultural, and environment. In the relation to the history of Jakarta, Dr. Andrea Frank also

Dr. Evawani Elisa and Rizky Ramadityo discussed smart mobility and transportation in the lecture on ‘Spatial Development and Public Lack Surrounding the Commuter Line Station’. The background of spatial development includes the program that everyday 3.5 million people from the buffer cities of Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi commute into Jakarta. Nurul Helen, spoke on smart city implementation in Indonesia, especially for the development of Jakarta smart city that involves 6 indicators; Smart society, government, economy, mobility, living, and environment. Smart government monitor public complains about congestion, waste, illegal parking, and congestion about public facilities. While the smart economy analysis the correlations between the land, prices, and the location of the minimarket and market.

Dr. Andrew Flynn with Mrs. Ova also shared about the community engagement program, the key to healthy city titled, ‘… a livable kampung in Tangerang, Jakarta Selatan’. This is a teamwork research including some lecturer from Universitas Indonesia and several students. The lecture concerns Kampung Nambo in which limited land, area, and lack of environmental awareness as result in depression of green space and the building of slum dwellings ‘kampung kumuh’ with a consideration for an educate waste water disposal system. So this is, some lectures that give insight and colorful atmosphere for the students that has been worked together for almost two weeks in the studio and doing field research together. I hope you get a good memory about this workshop and will be give a benefit for your study in the future.

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delivered Prof. Silver lecture about ‘Resilience Jakarta, Challenges, and Initiative’. The impact of global warming and rising sea levels forecast serious consequences for all the waterfront cities around the world which historically support trade and commerce among nation states. Jakarta and Singapore are at the cruise route of Southeast Asian marital treat and are vulnerable the treat of climate change. Prof. Silver defines resilience as the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties. It needs to be understood that resilience and sustainability are often use in the same breath. The meaning as in fact, they are complimentary but two are regarded as distinct.

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In conclusion, the field observation, direct interview, and the expert lectures, also provided the research metodology for the workshop participants to analyze the research finding and formulate policies recommendation based on community input and government effort to transform Jakarta and Depok into ecocities of the future. Of course, there’s a lot to be done following this workshop, but I am sure you have a good data and facilitator in univesity so that you can work together for the outcome. For University Indonesia students in particular, you have to make a book. Also for Cardiff University, University of Florida, and Chongqing Jiaotong University you have something to do to follow up the result. Now, we arrive at the very ending activity. I’m so happy, please, and satisfy what have been done so far. I hope this join studio will be continue in the next year and next future. Thank you very much.

Dr. Andrea Frank

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Reflecting back on this 4th International Joint Workshop and Seminar on Eco-city development I would like to offer a few humble remarks. This workshop – like the 3 previous ones – covered themes and projects that sought to offer proposals and recommendations to transform the mega-city of Jakarta and various districts and neighbourhoods into more sustainable, liveable and resilient environments with a

higher quality of life for its residents. In my interpretation, becoming an eco(logical)-city means that the city operates more in harmony with nature, preserves and conserves resources such as energy and water and for this technology, design and community engagement is needed. My three observations are: First, the series of workshops has been quite successful which is evidences on one hand by the fact that there is broad support to continue them by the partnering institutions and on the other hand that a new institution – the University of Chongqing Jiaotong, China – has for the first time join the initial partnership which consisted of the Universitas Indonesia, University of Florida and Cardiff University.

Second, it is hard work to organize such workshops but it is worthwhile as students consistently tell us that they “learned so much” over the short period of the workshop – on the local culture, different approaches to planning, working with other students they have never met before, and overcoming the challenge of working in their nonnative tongues and communicating with non-native speakers.

A very big thank you to Prof. Kemas Ridwan K. and his colleges who organizes this international workshop. I thought it is difficult to organize my self when it came to daily basis. So, i can only became to imagine how much efforts to making such a successful workshop, thank you very much, terima kasih. i hope so, adding the opportunities to learn a little bit of Bahasa in my life being here which is very likely for me. But it always such a great pleasure to come back here. This is the fourth year workshop and sixth time for me and Andrea to be in the University. It is a great pleasure to see prof. Kemas the only organizing comitee and doing it so professionally and competent. It is a credit to you. Also for Mrs. Ova as well, she is now a fully member of

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Third, this kind of workshop offers also a special experience for the professors and educators. These two weeks are very intense but rewarding as they are a lived experience of co-learning and collaborating and co-producing new knowledge and understanding. As my colleague Dr Flynn said – it is not only the students who learn but we learn with you and like you discover much about the culture of institutions, governance processes from each other. The fun thing is that we also become more like students rather than experts that impart knowledge and students through their research can teach us new things. We find solutions together – in collaboration. It is for me an example of a true enactment of a university where we seek knowledge and develop innovative designs and solutions for the betterment of the society and the environment – not to get grades and a certificate.

Dr. Andrew Flynn

Thank you all for being part of this and lets hope we can recreate many such empowering and immersive workshops and learning situations in the future. 157

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the school and deserve appointment in this university. It is a great pleasure to be here, congratulation. We all come together from different background, different experiences, and different perspective.

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We have a different hope and expectations while we are here, but everybody immerses themselves in experiences. We all gain different things, and that will be different things for us now and different things for us in the future. That’s a great previleges to be involve in a workshop such as this, and to be involve with people such as you, and my colleges here at the front. At first, this is an amity of three institutions, University of Florida, Universitas Indonesia, and Cardiff University, and now we are joined by fourth institution, Chongqing Jiaotong University. And again, this is an achievement of this workshop that we can keep continue to work together in such a productive way. We have an opportunity to embrace new and respective colleges within the workshop such as well. And finally, it was to thinking about what a learning experience this is be. But I seeking through the presentation this morning and this afternoon, I know this something new. When we into the presentation, there is always something to learn more, as a researcher and as an academic. That is a highly desirable state. It is intriguing to you, to your effort and your intellectual ability been you able to set such a high standard with your works. Thank you very much. Terima kasih.

Dr. Li Yu First of all i would like to thanks to Prof. Kemas and also all the staffs and the students from Universitas Indonesia who make great effort to make succeed of this program. I used to organizes some event, i know it’s not easy because there were some great effort you need to do. So, i really appreciate for what you have been done. Secondly, i would like to thanks to the students who involved in this program and this international workshop and seminar. I wouldn’t know what you have learned but i’m sure something you might find challenge. I think it could be a something you can learn, instead you all come from different background and you found that you understanding in one terms, so you have to debate, negotiate, and discuss to finally make your decision.

You have no choices and that something you have to learn no matter it is a huge project , like a national plan or special plan for the whole country or a community. You found that it will be a data required to your final report. I’m sure you have to learn and you may have learn from the last project we have done during last more than one week. Finally, i would like to thank to staffs and the others that make significant contribution. Thank you very much.

urban planning, and also geography. Students from Chongqing Jiaotong University are majoring geography. We also make project so we can see the city in a more micro level and it is what we learn from this project and what we learn from the student from the Architecture UI, from the school of urban planning from Cardiff University and that is a good experience for them. During the process students may have a discussion even debate with each other because of the different background but they fulfill the task by teamwork. That is a good experience especially for the students in my university as they never speak english in daily. Second one, it is impressive how student hardworking to fulfill their tasks. I still remember a girl interviewed together with us. In order to interview local people she bought 3 bottle of water. Last, i have a suggestion as the ecocity project contains different spots. So, it is important to students can think more about the relation between the different parts of research spots.

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I’m sure during that more than one week time you have experience in this struck through your final presentation and its not easy. I mean that would be kind of experiences that you will have in your life because no matter you are architect, planner, engineer, this will be historical in the future. You have to work with all of different disciplines, but it doesn’t mean your are understanding of certain terminology will be the same terms to the others. The only experience i’m sure you learn, also possibility i hope is that for a project no matter it is a design, planning, research, when going to the word you found, you focus on information datas provide from government, community, and you have to make your contributed you are imagination sometimes to make solution.

Dr. Chen Chun Actually, it isn’t easy to complete a task in such a short term, but we have done it. So, congratulation for us. You came from different backgrounds such as architecture landscape,

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THE EVENTS

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IJSS PREVIOUS ISSUES Printed edition are available in Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia

Urban Intervention: Centuries of Exchange Ideas, Technology & Development

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2011 132 pages | 9.84” x 8.27” ISBN 978-979-97217-7-8 Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia Dipartimento di Architettura e Pianificazione, Politecnico di Milano

Global Innovation Initiative Urban Green Infrastructure: An Interactive Web of Water, Space & Life 2016 v + 255 pages | 9.84” x 8.27” ISBN 978-602-72857-4-3 Department of Architecture Universitas Indonesia Cardiff University University of Florida

Eco-City Live Project : Jakarta and Depok : Megapolitan Approach 2018 v + 255 pages | 9.84” x 8.27” ISBN 978-602-52912-0-3

Department of Architecture Universitas Indonesia Cardiff University University of Florida 164