FACE CHANGE
FACE CHANGE innovation and rapid evolution in building skin technology
OUT WITH THE OLD
today’s facade technology is not what it was 5 years — or even 3 years ago...
TRANSITION
the appearance and performance of the urban environment must undergo transformation
find the
DRIVERS OF CHANGE
and leverage them to innovate dominant drivers today in building skin technology • geometric complexity • material and process diversity • acoustical performance
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
Fulton Street Transit Center
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
New San Diego United States Courthouse
West 57th Street
SFMOMA
World Trade Center Transportation Hub
National Museum of African American History & Culture
New Stanford Hospital
Colombia University: Jerome L Greene Science Center
Tilt!
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
Fulton Street Transit Center
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
New San Diego United States Courthouse
West 57th Street
SFMOMA
World Trade Center Transportation Hub
National Museum of African American History & Culture
New Stanford Hospital
Colombia University: Jerome L Greene Science Center
Tilt!
Fulton Street Transit Center New York, NY ARCHITECT
Grimshaw Architects ARTIST
James Carpenter Design Associates GC
Plaza Construction + Schiavone Construction CABLE NET FAB
TriPyramid Structures COMPLETION
2014
BUILDING TYPE
transportation hub FAÇADE
solar reflector shell, free form cable net structure PROJECT CASE STUDIES
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10
Fulton Street Transit Center New York, NY ARCHITECT
Grimshaw Architects ARTIST
James Carpenter Design Associates GC
Plaza Construction + Schiavone Construction CABLE NET FAB
1056 coordinates
TriPyramid Structures COMPLETION
2014
BUILDING TYPE
transportation hub FAÇADE
solar reflector shell, free form cable net structure PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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Fulton Street Transit Center New York, NY
952
unique panels
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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Fulton Street Transit Center New York, NY
1
universal connector
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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PROJECT CASE STUDIES
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
Fulton Street Transit Center
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
New San Diego United States Courthouse
West 57th Street
SFMOMA
World Trade Center Transportation Hub
National Museum of African American History & Culture
New Stanford Hospital
Colombia University: Jerome L Greene Science Center
Tilt!
Gates Foundation Seattle, WA ARCHITECT
NBBJ GC
Sellen FAÇADE CONSULTANT
Morrison Hershfield COMPLETION
2012
PROGRAM
two 6-story buildings, 900,000 sqft BUILDING TYPE
cultural FAÇADE
design/assist–design/build custom curtainwall and cable net systems
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10
Gates Foundation Seattle, WA ARCHITECT
NBBJ GC
Sellen FAÇADE CONSULTANT
Morrison Hershfield COMPLETION
2012
PROGRAM
vertical cable supported glass facade
two 6-story buildings, 900,000 sqft BUILDING TYPE
cultural FAÇADE
design/assist–design/build custom curtainwall and cable net systems
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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300,000 sqft custom unitized curtainwall
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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PROJECT CASE STUDIES
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
Fulton Street Transit Center
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
New San Diego United States Courthouse
West 57th Street
SFMOMA
World Trade Center Transportation Hub
National Museum of African American History & Culture
New Stanford Hospital
Colombia University: Jerome L Greene Science Center
Tilt!
New San Diego United States Courthouse San Diego, CA ARCHITECT
Richard Meier & Partners Architects GC
Hensel Phelps Construction FAÇADE CONSULTANT
Curtainwall Design Consulting COMPLETION
2012
PROGRAM
16-stories, 467,000 sqft BUILDING TYPE
courthouse FAÇADE
300,000 sqft
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10
New San Diego United States Courthouse San Diego, CA
extensive terracotta
ARCHITECT
Richard Meier & Partners Architects GC
Hensel Phelps Construction FAÇADE CONSULTANT
Curtainwall Design Consulting COMPLETION
2012
oversized 9 x 19 ft IGUs
PROGRAM
16-stories, 467,000 sqft BUILDING TYPE
courthouse FAÇADE
300,000 sqft
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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complex AESS
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
Fulton Street Transit Center
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
New San Diego United States Courthouse
West 57th Street
SFMOMA
World Trade Center Transportation Hub
National Museum of African American History & Culture
New Stanford Hospital
Colombia University: Jerome L Greene Science Center
Tilt!
West 57th St New York, NY ARCHITECT
Bjarke Ingels Group GC
Hunter Roberts FAÇADE CONSULTANT
Israel Berger & Associates COMPLETION
2016
BUILDING TYPE
residential
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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The images to the right are a sampling of these analysis. It estimates the warpage for the structural framing and galvanized back pans as well as the stainless steel cladding panels. They depict initial geometry and the subsequent subdivisions to create individual unit and panel discretization. It is our intent to use these tool to further optimizeYork, the finalNY geometry to establish a New more robust and economical solution to the panel system.
West 57th St
Sloped Wall - Initial Panel Analysis
study of geometrical characteristics of sloped wall system to estimate the warpage for structural framing and galvanized back pans, as well as the stainless steel cladding panels images depict initial geometry and subsequent subdivisions to create individual unit and panel discretization Less than 1/4” over the length of the panel Less than 1/2” over the length of the panel Less than 1” over the length of the panel Less than 2” over the length of the panel Less than 3” over the length of the panel Less than 4” over the length of the panel
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
Sloped Wall - Framing and Mullion Subdivision
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West 57th St New York, NY
Panel Composition 1. Aluminum 2. Shop Applied Structural Silicone 3. Field Applied Sealant 4. Gasket 5. Thermal Insolator 6. Backer Rod 7. “Wiper” Gasket 8. Mineral Wool Insulation 9. Steel 10. Fasteners 11. Insulated Glass Unit 12. Galvanized Panel 13. Stainless Steel Panel 14. SS Window Washing Track 15. Coated Metal Panel
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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West 57th St New York, NY
sloped wall cross section detail and 3D rendering
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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PROJECT CASE STUDIES
Fulton Street Transit Center
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
New San Diego United States Courthouse
West 57th Street
SFMOMA
World Trade Center Transportation Hub
National Museum of African American History & Culture
New Stanford Hospital
Colombia University: Jerome L Greene Science Center
Tilt!
SFMOMA San Francisco, CA ARCHITECT
Snohetta GC
Webcor COMPLETION
2016
PROGRAM
10-stories, 185,000 sqft expansion BUILDING TYPE
civic
FAÇADE
design/assist for 8 custom wall types
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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SFMOMA San Francisco, CA
panel warpage
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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SFMOMA San Francisco, CA
FRP panels
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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SFMOMA
perforated aluminum panel
FRP panel
San Francisco, CA
single pass unitized system: insulation, primary and secondary weather barrier and FRP armature are pre-fabricated into a unitized system unitized system uses aluminum framing to allow for certain units to be slightly cold warped into position along the double curved surfaces of the east and west elevations PROJECT CASE STUDIES
largest application of FRP in the US to date
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SFMOMA San Francisco, CA
National Fire Protection Associaton 285: Standard Fire Test Method for Evaluation of Fire Propagation Characteristics of Exterior NonLoad-Bearing Wall Assemblies Containing Combustible Components
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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PROJECT CASE STUDIES
Fulton Street Transit Center
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
New San Diego United States Courthouse
West 57th Street
SFMOMA
World Trade Center Transportation Hub
National Museum of African American History & Culture
New Stanford Hospital
Colombia University: Jerome L Greene Science Center
Tilt!
World Trade Center Transportation Hub New York, NY ARCHITECT
Santiago Calatrava GC
Tishman Construction / Turner Construction Company JV COMPLETION
2014
BUILDING TYPE
transportation FAÇADE
design/build for operable skylight system
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10
World Trade Center Transportation Hub New York, NY ARCHITECT
Santiago Calatrava GC
Tishman Construction / Turner Construction Company JV COMPLETION
2014
operable skylight
BUILDING TYPE
transportation FAÇADE
design/build for operable skylight system
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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World Trade Center Transportation Hub New York, NY
rapid prototyping
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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PROJECT CASE STUDIES
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
Fulton Street Transit Center
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
New San Diego United States Courthouse
West 57th Street
SFMOMA
World Trade Center Transportation Hub
National Museum of African American History & Culture
New Stanford Hospital
Colombia University: Jerome L Greene Science Center
Tilt!
National Museum of African American History & Culture Washington, DC ARCHITECT
Freelon Adjaye Bond / SmithGroup GC
Clark Construction Group COMPLETION
2015
BUILDING TYPE
cultural
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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corona screen
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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National Museum of African American History & Culture
11
4
2 1
Washington, DC
5
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
9
1. Corona Panels
8. Stainless Steel Cables
2. Corona Steel Vertical
9. Stainless Steel Rods
3. Corona Steel Frames
10. Steel Bottom Box Beam
4. Steel Spandrel
11. Curtain Wall
5. Steel Horizontal Truss
12. Glass Skylight
6. Steel Mullions
13. Glass Canopy
7. Stainless Steel Castings
14. Rafter Panel
3
6 7 11
8
11
10
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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National Museum of African American History & Culture
corona panel samples
Washington, DC
Ultra High Performance Concrete
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
Stamped Bronze Sheet
Cast Bronze
Cast Aluminum with Bronze Sprayed Finish
Stamped Aluminum with Bronze Sprayed Finish
Cast Aluminum with Painted Finish
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National Museum of African American History & Culture Washington, DC
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
cast aluminum fabrication
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National Museum of African American History & Culture Washington, DC
structural analysis Cast Aluminum - A356.0-T6 WL = 25 psf (1.2 kPa) Deflection: 0.274 in < 0.36 in OK Stress: 11.9 ksi < 21.6 ksi OK Utilization: 55.2%
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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full-scale mock up
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
Fulton Street Transit Center
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
New San Diego United States Courthouse
West 57th Street
SFMOMA
World Trade Center Transportation Hub
National Museum of African American History & Culture
New Standford Hospital
Colombia University: Jerome L Greene Science Center
Tilt!
New Stanford Hospital Stanford, CA ARCHITECT
Rafael Vinoly Architects GC
Clark / McCarthy JV FAÇADE CONSULTANT
Allana Buick & Bers COMPLETION
2018
PROGRAM
7-stories, 812,000 sqft BUILDING TYPE
healthcare FAÇADE
comprehensive design/assist–design/build package including custom unitized curtainwall, metal panels + doors
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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New Stanford Hospital Stanford, CA ARCHITECT
Rafael Vinoly Architects GC
Clark / McCarthy JV FAÇADE CONSULTANT
Allana Buick & Bers COMPLETION
2018
PROGRAM
pressurized double skin facade
7-stories, 812,000 sqft BUILDING TYPE
healthcare FAÇADE
comprehensive design/assist–design/build package including custom unitized curtainwall, metal panels + doors
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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PROJECT CASE STUDIES
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
Fulton Street Transit Center
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
New San Diego United States Courthouse
West 57th Street
SFMOMA
World Trade Center Transportation Hub
National Museum of African American History & Culture
New Stanford Hospital
Colombia University: Jerome L Greene Science Center
Tilt!
Colombia University: Jerome L Greene Science Center New York, NY ARCHITECT
Renzo Piano Building Workshop COMPLETION
2015
PROGRAM
10-stories, 362,700 sqft BUILDING TYPE
education / research FAĂ&#x2021;ADE
175,988 sqft of building skin rendering courtesy of Columbia University
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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Colombia University: Jerome L Greene Science Center New York, NY ARCHITECT
Renzo Piano Building Workshop COMPLETION
2015
PROGRAM
6
wall types
10-stories, 362,700 sqft BUILDING TYPE
education / research FAĂ&#x2021;ADE
175,988 sqft of building skin rendering courtesy of Columbia University
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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twin-span double skin facade
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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Although, the most accurate way of estimating the sound pressure level inside the building, is to perform field mock-up tests, it is possible to use an approximated procedure to compute the facade’s noise ingress.
Colombia University: Jerome L Greene Science Center
NC-curves (see figure 9). The appropriate NC designation is then estimated. This designation can be compared to the recommend NC-curves for different types of spaces (see table
The noise level in a room due to sound penetrating a façade element may be calculated according to BS EN 12354-3 and BS 8233 from:
Table 4 - Noise Criteria Rating
Where:
New York, NY
Recommended NC-Curve
Equivalent Sound level (dB)
Conference rooms
25-30
35-40
Private Offices
30-35
40-45
Open-plan Areas
35-40
45-50
Business machines/computers
40-45
50-55
Laboratories
35-40
45-50
Corridors
30-35
40-45
Public Areas
35-40
45-50
Lecture and classrooms
25-30
35-40
Open-plan classrooms
35-40
45-50
Movie motion picture theaters
30-35
40-45
Libraries
35-40
40-50
Restaurants
40-45
50-55
Space Type
L2=L1- R + 10Log(S/V) + 10Log(T) + 11
• • • • • •
points.
L2 = noise level in room dB L1 = external free field noise dB. R = sound reduction index dB S = area of façade portion, m2. V = room volume, m3 T = reverberation time, s.
inter-story Some of the facade is directly subjected to report typical field measurements acoustic noise caused by the elevated train, whichInfromthiseach of the three noise conditions (ambient vehicular traffic, northbound analysis is located within 60’ of the building facade. and southbound train traffic) were used
100
Southbound Trains (88 - 92 dB(A))
70
Northbound Trains ((77 - 83 dB(A)) ( ))
60
50
Ambient - Vehicle Traffic (No Trains) 62 - 71 dB(A)
40
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
A series of in situ test were conducted
8000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
6300
5000
4000
3150
2500
2000
1600
1250
1000
800
630
500
400
315
250
200
160
125
100
50
40
32
30 25
Wall type WT-3 encloses the east, northeast and southeast faces of the building. As such it is directly subjected to noise caused by the elevated train, which is located within 60’ of the building facade. The curtainwall design adapts a very efficient double skin envelop to mitigated the excessive noise levels caused by the train traffic.
80
5.8 - Columbia University
80
63
ATS performed tests and calculations to determine the appropriate design solutions in order to meet STC and OITC acoustic Wall Type WT-3 Outside / Inside standards for the interior program. Noise Analysis
Sound Pressure L Level (dB re: 20 Pa)
90
Figure 8 - SPL Measurements of Building Exterior APPENDIX G - SM&W Measured Train Noise
to estimate the room noise level for a typical room of 20’ wide by 20’ deep, adjacent to the curtainwall type WT-3 (14’-9” high). A reverberation time of
4), to asses the performance of the exterior envelope. It is concluded that even for the most severe sound pressure levels (northbound train) the system
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Colombia University: Jerome L Greene Science Center New York, NY
1. Vertical Strongback 2. Stainless Steel Bracket 3. Steel Verticals 4. Steel Horizontals 5. Aluminum Verticals 6. Aluminum Horizontals 7. Insulated Glass
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
CW TYPE 1
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Colombia University: Jerome L Greene Science Center
5
6
7 8
2 1
3
2
4
New York, NY
9
DOUBLE SKIN FACADE
1 7
1. Aluminum Verticals 2. Aluminum Horizontals 3. Insulated Glass 4. Laminated Glass 5. Cast Braces
8
8 2
CW TYPE 3
1
6
9
4 5
3
6. Sunshades 7. Steel Grate 8. Anchor 9. Operable Vision Door section
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
exploded isometric
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PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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PROJECT CASE STUDIES
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
Fulton Street Transit Center
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
New San Diego United States Courthouse
West 57th Street
SFMOMA
World Trade Center Transportation Hub
National Museum of African American History & Culture
New Stanford Hospital
Colombia University: Jerome L Greene Science Center
Tilt!
Tilt! Chicago, IL
ARCHITECT
Gensler
ENGINEER
Thornton Tomasetti GC
Turner Construction FACADE CONTRACTOR
Cupples
94th floor
COMPLETION
2014
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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Tilt! Chicago, IL
ARCHITECT
Gensler
ENGINEER
Thornton Tomasetti GC
Turner Construction FACADE CONTRACTOR
Cupples
3
hydralics
COMPLETION
2014
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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Tilt! Chicago, IL
ARCHITECT
Gensler
ENGINEER
Thornton Tomasetti GC
Turner Construction FACADE CONTRACTOR
Cupples
26
foot-wide platform
COMPLETION
2014
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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Tilt! Chicago, IL
ARCHITECT
Gensler
ENGINEER
Thornton Tomasetti GC
Turner Construction FACADE CONTRACTOR
Cupples
30
degree tilt
COMPLETION
2014
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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Tilt! Chicago, IL
ARCHITECT
Gensler
ENGINEER
Thornton Tomasetti GC
Turner Construction FACADE CONTRACTOR
Cupples
1,000 ft above Chicago
COMPLETION
2014
PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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PROJECT CASE STUDIES
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DRIVERS OF CHANGE Aesthetic considerations remain the dominant drivers. Performance has yet to emerge as a prominent driver of building and building facade implementation. There is much more change to come!
advanced technology studio mic patterson mpatterson@enclos.com