TRANSSOLAR KLIMAENGINEERING Stuttgart - Munich - New York - Paris
Aiming for No Impact: Net Zero Building Enclosures
Climate Responsive Facades Facades+ Conference New York City 4 April 2019 Stefan Holst Managing Partner Transsolar
Transsolar KlimaEngineering | München Büroüberblick
CLIMATE RESPONSIVE FACADES
THEN
CLIMATE RESPONSIVE FACADES (?)
Sydney, Australia
London, U.K.
Hong Kong, China
Dubai, UAE
NOW
Net Zero Building Enclosures

Climate Responsive Facades: Three Built Examples
Calgary
Spain
Singapore
Desert House Gorafe, Spain
McKimmie Tower + Block, Calgary, AB, Canada
School of Design 4, NUS, Singapore
MacKimmie Block and Tower Redevelopment Double Faรงade Operation
MacKimmie Tower and Block Complex
University of Calgary, AB Architects: DIALOG 2019
7
MacKimmie Tower and Block Redevelopment of an existing Library Building
The well-tempered façade – a warm jacket around an existing building structure 8
Calgary Climate Analysis and Potentials WINTER
INTER- MEDIATE
SUMMER
INTER- MEDIATE
WINTER ΔT ≈ 15 K
ΔT ≈ 60K
South-East Façade.
Horizontal Annual total: 1’332 kWh/m²a
Annual total: 1382 kWh/ m²a
9
Facade and Indoor Climate Concept
Glazing System
Exterior Triple Glazing Shading Blinds Interior laminated Single w. interior low-e coating
Glazing Performance based on EN 410 / EN 673 Visible Light VLT: 0.62 ucog-value (W/m2K): 0.55 SHGC: 0.42 SHGC_: 0.06 (glass + activated blinds)
10
MacKimmie Tower Façade Concept Comparison
natural ventilation in winter from DF= ü
ventilation in winter NaturalNatural ventilation in winter to outside = directlydirectly to outside = problem! problem! à Mechanical cooling à Overheating
Exterior solar shading à Excellent summer comfort
South East
Double Facade
Interior Interior solar solar shading shading
Single Facade
11
Section at tower facade
Interior View
MacKimmie Tower and Block Complex Controlled Double Faรงade Operation Experience
MacKimmie Tower 2019
KfW Westarkade Frankfurt, Germany, 2010
Headquarter Sparkasse Rosenheim, Germany 2010
Manitoba Hydro Place Winnipeg, MB, Canada 2009
14
MacKimmie Tower Redevelopment Double Façade Operation Strategy
Dynamic control of Double Façade Vent Openings in order to: 1.
Create “warm jacket” around the building
2.
Enable natural ventilation
Maintain air temperature in DF cavity around 10 …. 20°C (Tamb + x in summer) à Limit pressure differences à Control air velocity in DF cavity à
Special challenge: High level of dynamics of independent environmental condition (solar insolation and wind) 15
Calgary Climate Analysis: Potentials and Challenges
Wind carpet plot -> strong fluctuations in wind speed and direction
16
MacKimmie Block and Tower Redevelopment Double Faรงade Operation
17
MacKimmie Tower Evaluation of Double Façade Operation by dynamic thermal and air flow exterior simulation
exterior vents mass flow / velocity
pressure
link air flow
DF cavity temperatur e [°C]
DF air temperature
solar insolation per facade
vent opening %
wind: direction + speed
18
Time of day
Resulting DF air temperature as function of Ambient Temp Solar insolation Wind speed
Wind direction
South
East
West
North 19
Evaluation of Double Faรงade Operation
DF air temperatures
Ambient temperature
20
Net Zero Carbon by Renewable Energy Generation with Building Integrated PV Roof Horizontal 1’265 kWh/kWp/a 265 kWh/m²a
Facade South-East 1’230 kWh/kWp/a 260 kWh/m²a
Total PV Area: 4‘000 m2 <> 670 kWp
CaGBC Zero Carbon Building Program
MacKimmie Block and Tower Redevelopment Double Faรงade Operation
EUI: 72 kWh/m2a GHG: 690 tons/a GHG-Compensation: 55% on-site / 45% off-site
24
School of Design National University of Singapore Architects: Serie / Multiply, London / Singapore 2019
Rejection of the standard form
THE ARCHITECTURAL IDEA
Rejection ofrenewable the standard form …energy Language of stacked planes, platforms + boxes Over-sailing roof to shade … and generate electrical Credits: Serie
Implement adaptive comfort approach
THE THERMAL COMFORT APPROACH
conventional approach
operative Temperature 24°C
adaptive comfort approach
operative Temperature 29°C tempered air + elevated air speed
Thermal comfort comparison with online tool of Berkeley University
Thermal Comfort without elevated air speed
Operative Temperature 29°C Air speed 0.15 m/s PMV 1.2
L
Comfort tool of Center for the Built Environment, University of California Berkeley
Thermal comfort comparison with online tool of Berkeley University
Thermal Comfort with elevated air speed
Operative Temperature 29°C Air speed 0.7 m/s PMVeas 0.3
J
Comfort tool of Center for the Built Environment, University of California Berkeley
Thermal zoning of School of Design building, overview
Photovoltaic renewable energy Hybrid Tempered, 27% library, design studios, offices
Full AC,17% green building technology lab energy lab, computer lab Natural Cross Ventilated, 46% with elevated air speed social plaza and social interaction spaces modeling areas, work shops
Circulation micro climate, wind vegetation, green and blue mech and aux rooms 10%
Net Zero Energy story
NET ZERO ENERGY DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
improve the building design step by step to meet the net zero target
NET ZERO SCHOOL OF DESIGN, SINGAPORE
university building in the tropics…
energy efficient and low investment cost…
tempered air and elevated air speed…
highly comfortable spaces…
100% powered by photovoltaic on own footprint.
EUI: 65 kWh/m2a
NET ZERO ENERGY 100% on-site
La Casa Del Desierto Net Zero Energy House Sierra Nevada, Gorafe, Spain
Client: GUARDIAN GLASS Architects: OFIS, Lubljana 2018
©Courtesy of Guardian Glass_photo-Gonzalo Botet
Location
Desert Climate: Ambient Temperatures
Design Process
©Courtesy of Guardian Glass_photo-Gonzalo Botet
Floor Plan
Net usable area: 20 m2
Section
Façade / Climate / Energy Structural glass façade with selective triple glazing Heating / Cooling via reversable heat pump Indoor temperature range: min.18°C - max. 28°C Natural Ventilation via sliding doors 20 m2 photovoltaic panels max. PV power: 3.5 kWp 18 kWh electrical storage, 400 liter water tank capacity
Gorafe
VLT: 52%, SHGC: 0.25, u-glass: 0.5 W/m2K
Indoor conditions too cold comfort too warm
Annual indoor temperatures
©Courtesy of Guardian Glass_photo-Gonzalo Botet
@JOSE NAVARRETE
©Courtesy @JOSE NAVARRETE of Guardian Glass_photo-Gonzalo Botet
©Courtesy of Guardian Glass_photo-Gonzalo Botet
Plan your trip https://www.lacasadeldesierto.es/reservas/
EUI: 150 kWh/m2a
ZERO ENERGY 100% on-site + off grid