FACADES + ALTMEYER BUILDING Sarah Berseth, PE | Mechanical Engineering
Leaders in industries and disciplines Architecture
Landscape
Engineering
Commissioning
Interior Design
Technology
Lighting Design
Planning
Sustainable Design
WorkSIGHT
OUTLINE 1. Introduction 2. Goals and Constraints 3. Early Conceptual Analysis 4. Total Building Energy Analysis 5. Thermal Comfort Analysis
Introduction
OUTLINE 1. Introduction 2. Goals and Constraints 3. Early Conceptual Analysis 4. Total Building Energy Analysis 5. Design Refinement
PD
shoebox energy model
Concept Design
schematic energy model
whole building energy model
DD
thermal comfort analysis
Goals and Constraints
LEED GOLD
RATING OF 75 +
GSA REQUIREMENTS
65% FOSSIL FUEL REDUCTION
EXISTING use of existing physical plant
Constraint: Existing Campus Central Plant
Early Conceptual Analysis
ENVELOPE AREAS AND PERCENTAGES
Early Concept Analysis
SEFAIRA MODELING | IMPACT OF PERFORMANCE VALUES ON EUI
Percentage of glazing can be modified for the building or for each face.
Early Concept Analysis
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 50%
Operation Related
Design Related
40% 35.8%
30%
27.9%
20% 12.8%
5.4% 3.2%
Baseline 0% -2.7%
-1.3%
-9.7%
1.6%
1.6%
0.0%
0.3%
-0.9%
-0.8%
-0.4%
-0.3%
-6.7%
-7.1%
-10%
-11.3%
-15.4%
-17.3%
Air Tightness (cfm/ft2)
Glazing Area
Lighting Load
Fan Energy
Glazing SHGC
Glazing U-value
HVAC System
Thermostat Settings
-30%
Plug Load
-23.7%
Occupant Schedule
! Less Energy Use
-2.5%
-20%
2.9%
0.0%
Occupant Density
4.7%
Roof Assembly R
6.4%
Building Mass
7.6%
WallAssembly R
10%
Glazing Shading
More Energy Use "#
25.8%
Early Concept Analysis
FAÇADE ANALYSIS 60
50
50
48
46
45
45
EUI
)r 40 y / ft 2 / 30 tu B (k I E 20 U 10
0 Run 3 - Wall R Run 4 - Roof R Run 1 - U value Run 2 - SHGC BL SHGC R(WALL) R(ROOF) Value Value U(GLAZING) .28 39 40 U value Wall R Value Roof R Value % Glazing .29SHGC
Baseline
Baseline Run 1 - U value Run 2 - SHGC Run 3 - Wall R Value Run 4 - Roof U Value
0.4 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28
0.4 0.4 0.29 0.29 0.29
15.77 15.77 15.77 39 39
21.03 21.03 21.03 21.03 40
40 40 40 40 40
EUI 50 48 46 45 45
Early Concept Analysis
FAÇADE ANALYSIS
60
50
50 50
45 45
45 45
45 45
47 47
48 48
50 50
51 51
EUI
40
30
20
10
0
BL
Baseline
BL+ 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% GLAZING %
Run 4 - Roof R Value
Run 5 - 45% Glazing
Run 6 - 50% Glazing
Run 7 - 55% Glazing
Run 8 - 60% Glazing
Run 9 - 65% Glazing
Run 10 - 70% Glazing
Early Concept Analysis
Total Building Energy Analysis
IES-VE ENERGY MODELING
Total Building Energy Analysis
SCHEME 1: FLUSH
SCHEME 2: DEEP
SCHEME 3: LAYERED
Total Building Energy Analysis
ENERGY COST SAVINGS
43% Glazing
45% Glazing
44% Glazing
Scheme 2
Scheme 3
Scheme 1
7.0% Energy 10.2% Energy Savings Savings Scheme 1: Double Pane, Spandrel 0.18, Panel 0.05
Scheme 2: Double Pane, Spandrel 0.18, Panel 0.05
7.5% Energy Savings Scheme 3: Double Pane, Spandrel N/A, Panel 0.05
Total Building Energy Analysis
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
Total Building Energy Analysis
SECTION OPTIONS
VISION GLASS SPANDREL
INSULATED GLASS SPANDREL
Total Building Energy Analysis
ENERGY MODELING OPTIONS ORIGINAL DESIGN 63% GLASS
REDUCED OPENINGS 51% GLASS
INSULATED SPANDREL 43% GLASS
Total Building Energy Analysis
ENERGY MODELING MATRIX
ORIGINAL DESIGN 63% GLASS
REDUCED OPENINGS 51% GLASS
INSULATED SPANDREL 43% GLASS
DOUBLE PANE ALL TRIPLE PANE SOUTH TRIPLE PANE E, W, S TRIPLE PANE NORTH
Total Building Energy Analysis
ENERGY MODELING MATRIX
ORIGINAL DESIGN 63% GLASS
REDUCED OPENINGS 51% GLASS
INSULATED SPANDREL 43% GLASS
DOUBLE PANE ALL TRIPLE PANE SOUTH TRIPLE PANE E, W, S TRIPLE PANE NORTH
Total Building Energy Analysis
ENERGY MODEL RESULTS
LEED 2009 EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance Points Breakdown
Plug Loads
1pt: Improve by 8% for existing
PV Generation HVAC HVAC Reduction Lighting Lighting Reduction Domestic Water Heating
17.9 % Energy Cost Reduction
buildings 2pts: Improve by 10% for 3pts: Improve by 12% for existing existing buildingsbuildings 4pts: Improve by 14% for existing buildings 5pts: Improve by 16% for existing buildings 6pts: Improve by 18% for existing buildings 7pts: Improve by 20% for existing buildings
Total Building Energy Analysis
Thermal Comfort Analysis
CFD ANALYSIS: FIN TUBE RADIATION PERFORMANCE: DOUBLE PANE
• Fin Tube • 50% heating airflow • Section cut at the diffusers
65.00
65.91
66.82
67.73
68.64
69.55
70.45
71.36
72.27
73.18
74.09
75.00
Thermal Comfort Analysis
GSA ALTMEYER MODERNIZATION: Mechanical Engineering Update – 12.07.2017
°F
CFD ANALYSIS: FIN TUBE RADIATION PERFORMANCE: TRIPLE PANE
• No Fin Tube • 50% heating airflow • Section cut at the diffusers
65.00
65.91
66.82
67.73
68.64
69.55
70.45
71.36
72.27
73.18
74.09
75.00
Thermal Comfort Analysis
GSA ALTMEYER MODERNIZATION: Mechanical Engineering Update – 12.07.2017
°F
FIN TUBE RADIATION PERFORMANCE: TRIPLE PANE
• Fin Tube • 50% heating airflow • Section cut at the diffusers
65.00
65.91
66.82
67.73
68.64
69.55
70.45
71.36
72.27
73.18
74.09
75.00
Thermal Comfort Analysis
GSA ALTMEYER MODERNIZATION: Mechanical Engineering Update – 12.07.2017
°F
ASHRAE 55 INTRODUCTION
ASRHAE 55 “…specifies methods to determine thermal environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, air speed, and radiant effects) in buildings and other spaces that a significant portion of the occupants will find acceptable at a certain metabolic rate and clothing level.” Temperature Profile
Predicted mean vote (PMV) is an index that predicts the thermal perception of individuals on a scale of -3 to +3.
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
“cold” “cool” ”slightly cool” “neutral” “slightly warm” “warm” “hot”
***Compliance is achieved if the predicted mean vote is between -0.5 and +0.5.– 12.07.2017 GSA ALTMEYER MODERNIZATION: Mechanical Engineering Update Velocity Profile
ASHRAE 55 ANALYSIS USING CFD
Thermal Comfort Analysis
GSA ALTMEYER MODERNIZATION: Mechanical Engineering Update – 12.07.2017
AIRFLOW DISTRIBUTION: 100% COOLING ASHRAE 55 ANALYSIS, NORTH SOUTH SECTION
Compliance Range Cool
Cold -3.000
-2.455
-1.909
-1.364
-0.818
Slightly Warm
Neutral
Slightly Cool -0.273
0.273
0.818
1.364
Hot
Warm 1.909
2.455
Thermal Comfort Analysis
GSA ALTMEYER MODERNIZATION: Mechanical Engineering Update – 12.07.2017
3.000
AIRFLOW DISTRIBUTION: 100% COOLING ASHRAE 55 ANALYSIS, NORTH SOUTH SECTION
Compliance Range
-1.000
Slightly Warm
Neutral
Slightly Cool
-0.818
-0.636
-0.455
-0.273
-0.091
0.091
0.273
0.455
0.636
0.818
Thermal Comfort Analysis
GSA ALTMEYER MODERNIZATION: Mechanical Engineering Update – 12.07.2017
1.000
AIRFLOW DISTRIBUTION: 40% COOLING ASHRAE 55 ANALYSIS, NORTH SOUTH SECTION
Compliance Range Cool
Cold -3.000
-2.455
-1.909
Neutral
Slightly Cool -1.364
-0.818
-0.273
0.273
Slightly Warm 0.818
1.364
Hot
Warm 1.909
2.455
Thermal Comfort Analysis
GSA ALTMEYER MODERNIZATION: Mechanical Engineering Update – 12.07.2017
3.000
AIRFLOW DISTRIBUTION: 40% COOLING ASHRAE 55 ANALYSIS, NORTH SOUTH SECTION
Compliance Range
-1.000
Slightly Warm
Neutral
Slightly Cool
-0.818
-0.636
-0.455
-0.273
-0.091
0.091
0.273
0.455
0.636
0.818
Thermal Comfort Analysis
GSA ALTMEYER MODERNIZATION: Mechanical Engineering Update – 12.07.2017
1.000
AIRFLOW DISTRIBUTION: 40% HEATING ASHRAE 55 ANALYSIS, NORTH SOUTH SECTION
Compliance Range Cool
Cold -3.000
-2.455
-1.909
Neutral
Slightly Cool -1.364
-0.818
-0.273
0.273
Slightly Warm 0.818
1.364
Hot
Warm 1.909
2.455
Thermal Comfort Analysis
GSA ALTMEYER MODERNIZATION: Mechanical Engineering Update – 12.07.2017
3.000
AIRFLOW DISTRIBUTION: 40% HEATING ASHRAE 55 ANALYSIS, NORTH SOUTH SECTION
Compliance Range
-1.000
Slightly Warm
Neutral
Slightly Cool
-0.818
-0.636
-0.455
-0.273
-0.091
0.091
0.273
0.455
0.636
0.818
Thermal Comfort Analysis
GSA ALTMEYER MODERNIZATION: Mechanical Engineering Update – 12.07.2017
1.000
Conclusion
OUTLINE 1. Introduction 2. Goals and Constraints 3. Early Conceptual Analysis 4. Total Building Energy Analysis 5. Design Refinement
Thank You