Educational facilities

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Fo llo wing a general trend acro ss many building types, educatio nal facilities are beco ming increasingly specialized. Fo r Classification example, we have co me to understand that classro o ms intended Major Resources fo r pre-scho o lers are fundamentally different fro m tho se that best serve high scho o l senio rs o r the training o f mid-career pro fessio nals. To day, even the traditio nal idea o f "classro o m" as an instructo r-fo cused learning space is changing. The gro wth o f co mputer-based instructio n, video pro jectio n, and o ther teleco mmunicatio n requirements is causing us to rethink traditio nal educatio nal patterns and spatial relatio nships.

Aesthetic Opportunities Air Decontamination Balancing Security/Safety and Sustainability Objectives VIEW ALL RELAT ED (38 ) VIEW RESO URCE PAG E INDEX

Fro m an enviro nmental perspective, co ncerns fo r the health and well-being o f students —particularly yo ung students—are increasing interest in the impro ved perfo rmance and fabric o f scho o l structures. Strategies including daylighting, the specificatio n o f sustainable and no n-to xic building materials, and the use o f renewable energy so urces are gaining attentio n in scho o l design. At the same time, reso urces fo r the co nstructio n, maintenance, and upkeep o f educatio nal facilities remain in sho rt supply.

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Educational Facilities

by WBDG Subcommittee Last updated: 05-25-2010

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CLASSIFICAT ION Educatio n is a lifelo ng pro cess. This is reflected in the range o f educatio nal facility types fo r which info rmatio n is available in the WBDG: Child Develo pment Centers, including prescho o l and day-care Elementary, including K thro ugh 8 th grade Seco ndary, including high scho o l and junio r co llege University, including co llege and po st-graduate educatio n Training, including co mputer centers and teleco nference facilities PDFmyURL.com

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PR O D UC T S & SYST EMS

MAJOR RESOURCES Federal Agencies and Organiz at ions Natio nal Clearingho use fo r Educatio nal Facilities (NCEF)—Created in 19 9 7 by the U.S. Department o f Educatio n and managed by the Natio nal Institute o f Building Sciences, NCEF pro vides info rmatio n o n planning, designing, funding, building, impro ving, and maintaining safe, healthy, high perfo rmance scho o ls and universities.

U.S. Department o f Educatio n Credit Enhancement fo r Charter Scho o l Facilities Impact Aid Sectio n 8 0 0 7b, Discretio nary Co nstructio n Grant Pro gram

Child development center in Des Moines, IA. Architects: Wells, Kastner, Schipper

Office o f Scho o l Suppo rt and Techno lo gy Pro grams, Qualified Zo ne Academy Bo nds Title III Part B, Strengthening Histo rically Black Co lleges and Universities Pro gram Office o f Safe and Drug-Free Scho o ls Enviro nmental Pro tectio n Agency Energy Star Fo r K-12 Scho o l Districts —Pro gram to help scho o l districts track and manage energy use, evaluate facility financial perfo rmance and lo cate energy efficient pro ducts and services fo r use in new scho o l co nstructio n.

Indo o r Air Quality (IAQ)To o ls fo r Scho o ls —Pro gram that pro vides info rmatio n o n impro ving air quality thro ugh better scho o l design and management practices.

Healthy Scho o l Enviro nments—Gateway to many pro grams and reso urces to help facility managers, scho o l administrato rs, architects, design engineers, scho o l nurses, parents, teachers and staff prevent and reso lve enviro nmental health issues in scho o ls.

Department o f Energy Building Techno lo gies Pro gram, EnergySmart Scho o ls—Pro vides info rmatio n o n reducing energy co sts thro ugh better scho o l design and management practices.

American Institute o f Architects Co mmittee o n Architecture fo r Educatio n (AIA/CAE) APPA Leadership in Educatio nal Facilities Co uncil o f Educatio nal Facility Planners, Internatio nal (CEFPI) So ciety fo r Co llege and University Planning (SCUP)

Publicat ions Advanced Energy Design Guide for K-12 School Buildings . American So ciety o f Heating, PDFmyURL.com

Refrigerating, and Air-Co nditio ning Engineers (ASHRAE); Atlanta, GA, 20 0 8 .

Assists design teams in co nstructing energy-smart scho o ls using o ff-the-shelf techno lo gy that can cut energy use 30 percent o r mo re annually. It pro vides reco mmendatio ns fo r vario us climate zo nes and implementatio n advice via a series o f case studies. Also included are suggestio ns fo r achieving LEED energy credits and supplemental strategies fo r achieving advanced energy savings beyo nd 30 percent. Design suggestio ns fro m the guide include: 1) Daylight the classro o ms and gym so that lights can be o ff mo st o f the day, but design it carefully so that additio nal co o ling needs are no t required. 2) Design lighting that uses the mo st current energy-efficient lamps, ballasts, and integrated co ntro ls. 3) Co ntro l the HVAC system based o n actual o ccupancy o f each space at a given time. 4) Design a wellinsulated envelo pe, including go o d wall and ro o f insulatio n and lo w-e windo ws. 5) Use highefficiency heating and co o ling equipment.

American Schools & Universities Magazine Pro vides relevant info rmatio n fo r scho o l and university administrato rs respo nsible fo r co nstructio n, design, planning, retro fit, o peratio ns, maintenance, and management o f educatio nal facilities.

CHPS Best Practices Manual . Eley, Charles, et al. The Co llabo rative fo r High Perfo rmance Scho o ls (CHPS), San Francisco , CA, 20 0 6 .

Offers guidance o n creating high perfo rmance scho o ls in Califo rnia. The manual co nsists o f six vo lumes. Vo lume I describes why high perfo rmance scho o ls are impo rtant, what co mpo nents are invo lved in their design, and ho w to navigate the design and co nstructio n pro cess to ensure that they are built. Vo lume II co ntains design guidelines fo r high perfo rmance scho o ls. These are tailo red fo r Califo rnia climates and are written fo r the architects and engineers who are respo nsible fo r designing scho o ls as well as the pro ject managers who wo rk with the design teams. It is o rganized by design disciplines and addresses specific design strategies fo r high perfo rmance scho o ls. Vo lume III is the Co llabo rative fo r High Perfo rmance Scho o ls (CHPS) Criteria. These criteria are a flexible yardstick that precisely defines a high perfo rmance scho o l so that it may qualify fo r supplemental funding, prio rity pro cessing, and perhaps bo nus po ints in the state funding pro cedure. Scho o l districts can also include the criteria in their educatio nal specificatio ns to assure that new facilities qualify as high perfo rmance. Vo lume IV (20 0 4) co vers maintenance and o peratio ns. It pro vides M&O staff, teachers, and administrato rs with strategies fo r avo iding impro per use o f building systems and po o r maintenance practices that can diminish the energy perfo rmance o f a scho o l. To pics co vered in this vo lume inlclude cleaning and calibrating building systems, selecting cleaning pro ducts, and reducing waste.

Vo lume VI (20 0 6 ) co vers relo catable classro o ms, o ffering an o verview o f the pro s and co ns o f relo catables, specificatio ns fo r a high perfo rmance relo catable, and advice o n requisitio ning, siting, and co mmissio ning relo catables.

College Planning and Management Magazine An info rmatio n reso urce fo r co nstructio n, facilities, business, and techno lo gy pro fessio nals serving the co llege and university market. It features articles o n facility planning, safety and security, maintenance and o peratio ns, business, techno lo gy, and finance.

Creating Connections: The CEFPI Guide for Educational Facility Planning . Co uncil o f PDFmyURL.com

Educatio n Facility Planners Internatio nal, Sco ttsdale, AZ, 20 0 4.

Guides new and experienced scho o l planners fro m the co nceptio n o f educatio nal needs thro ugh o ccupancy and use o f the co mpleted facilities. Chapters fo llo w the planning, design, and o ccupancy pro cesses in sequence as fo llo ws: fo rming the educatio nal plan, creating co mmunity partnerships, establishing a master plan, writing educatio nal specificatio ns, addressing design guidelines, evaluating and selecting the site, infusing techno lo gy, integrating sustainable design, wo rking with a design team, evaluating pro ject delivery o ptio ns, identifying co st and funding o ptio ns, mo nito ring co nstructio n, integrating maintenance and o peratio ns, and assessing the co mpleted pro ject. Numero us references, pho to graphs, drawings, figures, and a glo ssary are included.

Designing the Sustainable School . Fo rd, Alan. Images Publishing Gro up, Melbo urne, Australia, 20 0 7.

Pro files 45 K-12 Scho o ls fro m aro und the wo rld that co mbine go o d aesthetics, sustainability, and high perfo rmance design. The pro jects represent a wide range o f design so lutio ns, lo catio n, and scale, ranging fro m a three-ro o m scho o lho use in Burkina Faso to a 250 0 student high scho o l in Califo rnia. Plans and pho to graphs acco mpany each example.

FEMA 424 Design Guide for Improving School Safety in Earthquakes, Floods and High Winds Future-Proofing Schools (Part 1) . Lo cker, Frank. Scho o lFacilities.co m, Orange, CA, Jul 23, 20 0 7.

Discusses the creatio n o f scho o l facilities that anticipate and suppo rt educatio nal change witho ut expensive remo deling, o utlining the main co nsideratio ns o f a flexible building that can acco mmo dates future standards that are presently embryo nic o r no nexistent.

Future Proofing Schools: Strategies and Implementation (Part 2) . Lo cker, Frank.

Scho o lfacilities.co m, Orange, CA, Aug 21, 20 0 7.

Offers specific design suggestio ns to ensure adaptability o f a learning space to future educatio nal delivery. Advice o n ho w to create a suite o f co nnected and varied learning spaces, co nvert circulatio n space to learning space, and create flexible casewo rk are acco mpanied by examples o f where these strategies have been implemented.

High-Performance School Buildings Resource and Strategy Guide, 3rd Edition . Sustainable Buildings Industry Co uncil, 20 0 8 .

Renovate or Replace: The Case for Restoring and Reusing Older School Buildings . (PDF) Hylto n, To m. Save Our Land, Save Our To wns Inc. with funding by the William Penn Fo undatio n, o n behalf o f the Pennsylvania Histo ric Scho o ls Task Fo rce, 20 0 7.

Helps scho o l bo ards and co mmunities assess their o ptio ns when co nsidering replacing o r reno vating an established scho o l. Co nsidering the reno vatio n the scho o l within the co ntext o f neighbo rho o d revitalizatio n is emphasized, as is the co nstructio n quality typical o f o lder scho o ls, the assistance design pro fessio nals can pro vide, the value o f small scho o ls, the benefits o f walking to scho o l, the enviro nmental wisdo m o f reusing o lder buildings, and the po tential fo r adaptive reuse o f o lder co mmercial buildings as scho o ls. Case studies and o ppo rtunities particular to Pennsylvania are included.

Report from the National Summit on School Design: A Resource for Educators and Designers (PDF) . American Architectural Fo undatio n, Washingto n, DC; Kno wledgewo rks Fo undatio n, PDFmyURL.com

Cincinnati, OH, 20 0 6 .

Presents the results o f the 20 0 5 Natio nal Summit o n Scho o l Design, co nvened by the American Architectural Fo undatio n and Kno wledgeWo rks Fo undatio n. The repo rt details eight o verall reco mmendatio ns made by Summit participants o n a range o f scho o l design to pics: 1) Design scho o ls to suppo rt a variety o f learning styles. 2) Enhance learning by integrating techno lo gy. 3) Fo ster a "small scho o l" culture. 4) Suppo rt neighbo rho o d scho o ls.

5) Create scho o ls as centers o f co mmunity. 6 ) Engage the public in the planning pro cess. 7) Make healthy, co mfo rtable, and flexible learning spaces. 8 ) Co nsider no n-traditio nal o ptio ns fo r scho o l facilities and classro o ms. Each reco mmendatio n is acco mpanied by brief case studies and a list o f additio nal reso urces. Plans fo r advancing a natio nal scho o l design agenda are highlighted, and the results o f a team exercise in so lving the pro blems o f five hypo thetical scho o l districts are included. The Summit's 20 0 -plus participants are listed, including teachers, parents, students, scho o l administrato rs, educatio n experts, architects, co mmunity gro ups, mayo rs, and o ther elected o fficials.

Safe School Facilities Checklist . Natio nal Clearingho use fo r Educatio nal Facilities, Washingto n, D.C., 20 0 8 .

A checklist that co mbines the natio n's best scho o l facility assessment measures into o ne o nline so urce fo r assessing the safety and security o f scho o l buildings and gro unds. It includes o ver 40 0 measures co vering scho o l surro undings, scho o l gro unds, buildings and facilities, co mmunicatio ns systems, building access co ntro l and surveillance, utility systems, mechanical systems, and emergency po wer. The checklist is updated frequently and may be used fo r planning and designing new facilities o r assessing existing o nes.

Schools and Kindergartens: A Design Manual . Dudek, Mark. Birkhaeuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, 20 0 7.

Illustrates the specialized field o f scho o l design with o ver 70 case studies fro m Euro pe, No rth America and the Pacific Regio n. The design o f scho o ls acco rding to varying educatio nal theo ries is explained in the co ntext o f varying natio nal and regio nal appro aches.

Amo ng the key themes analyzed are aspects such as the impact o f mo dern co mmunicatio n techno lo gy, urban integratio n o r internal circulatio n. Vario us autho rs co ntribute chapters o n spatial co nfiguratio ns, aco ustics, lighting, sustainability, o utdo o r spaces, nursery design, and facilities under reco nstructio n.

Schools as Centers of Community: A Citizens' Guide For Planning and Design, Second edition. Bingler, Steven; Quinn, Linda; Sullivan, Kevin. Natio nal Clearingho use fo r Educatio nal Facilities, Kno wledgeWo rks Fo undatio n, Co uncil o f Educatio nal Facility Planners, Building Educatio nal Success To gether, Co alitio n fo r Co mmunity Scho o ls, Dec 20 0 3.

This publicatio n o utlines a pro cess fo r planning scho o ls that mo re adequately addresses the needs o f the who le learning co mmunity. It explo res six design principles fo r creating effective learning enviro nments, pro vides 13 case studies that illustrate vario us aspects o f the six design principles, and examines the facilities master planning pro cess fo r getting started and o rganized, including develo ping and implementing a master plan. It pro vides references, so urces fo r additio nal info rmatio n, pho to graphs and plans.

School Planning and Management Magazine Written fo r scho o l district decisio n makers, architects, engineers, and co nstructio n managers PDFmyURL.com

o n facility planning, safety and security, maintenance and o peratio ns, business, techno lo gy and finance issues.

VA VHA Educational Facilities See mo re reso urces in the Educatio nal Facilities Supplemental Reso urce List

Training High Perfo rmance Scho o l Design—Online Training, spo nso red by the New Yo rk State Energy Research and Develo pment Autho rity BACK TO TO P

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