the Cradle to Cradle map What advantages does C2C offer my organization? Make a profit
What is C2C in a nutshell?
C2C helps producers and products to add value to their environment. C2C promotes awareness that the supply of primary and secondary materials is finite. C2C helps to get people involved in sustainable development by approaching it in a positive manner. C2C, being open source, helps to share experiences and to find increasingly better solutions. C2C helps to cut costs through intelligent (re)designing. C2C helps to increase returns, because it offers new opportunities.
C2C means ‘from cradle to cradle’ and was conceived of as a response to the ‘cradle to grave’ mode of thinking. C2C was developed by Michael Braungart en William McDonough, among other in the book ‘Cradle to Cradle’. C2C is a new vision of sustainable development: leaving the world a better place than we found her. C2C is a way of working: designing and producing in such a way that no waste is created. C2C is a way of thinking: doing things well instead of less badly. C2C is an optimistic vision: growth is fine and feasible, as long as our positive contribution is greater than what we use. C2C solutions are good for ecology and the economy and have added social value. C2C is a response to a tradition of critics such as the Club of Rome, who foresee limits to growth.
Responsible growth C2C helps to grow and, at the same time, helps to take responsibility for the planet. C2C helps to grow and, at the same time, helps to take responsibility for ourselves.
WhiCh goals does C2C have?
What Working method does C2C offer my organization?
Leaving the world in a better state than we found her
Intelligent design
C2C solutions work on the basis that humans, as part of the system, should enrich the world rather than impoverish it. C2C solutions maintain or increase diversity, for humans and for nature. C2C solutions do not involve harming people and the environment; not elsewhere and not in the future.
Think and work in a ‘synchronized’ manner: about everything at once, on everything at once, with everyone at once. Avoid the use of raw materials that are harmful to human and ecological health. Design in such a way that you can easily take products apart and use the raw materials again. Design and produce in such a way that materials remain in their biological or technological cycle. Avoid mixing materials that are difficult to separate from each other.
Ecology: adding ecological value
What is Cradle to Cradle (C2C) and what can it do for my organization?
Intelligent production Avoid waste of raw materials and energy, thereby cutting costs as well. Make optimal use of local facilities; this reduces the burden on the planet and often reduces costs. Use the complete chain to join up cycles. Respect people and employ them optimally, thereby reducing healthcare costs and absenteeism. Use clean, sustainable energy via procurement or by generating it for yourself.
Intelligent marketing Create a new market for used raw materials, thereby eliminating waste. Consider selling the function or the use of your product, instead of the ownership of it. Innovate and thereby improve your competitive position.
C2C solutions join up the biological cycle: biological materials are degradable without damage to the environment. C2C solutions join up the technological cycle: safe materials can safely be recycled.
Economy: adding economical value C2C solutions are (potentially) profitable: they reduce costs or increase returns.
Social: adding socio-cultural value C2C solutions contribute to justice: between people and between generations. C2C solutions offer people a healthy living environment in the production and use of a product. C2C solutions offer pleasure, in work and in the use of products.
What mode of thinking does C2C offer my organization? Ambitious Do things well instead of merely ‘less badly’. Do things better than is required for your own immediate success. Don’t change the recipe, change the menu: instead of designing a new car, design a new transport concept. Respect the maker, transporter and user of your product. Set goals for the long term, for example ten or fifteen years’ time. Weigh every action against the (future) effects on yourself and on the environment.
What ConCepts does C2C use? Eco-effectiveness: offering ecological, economic and socio-cultural added value. Eco-efficiency: minimizing the damage to people and the environment. The Biosphere: the sum total of all biological materials. Biological cycle: the cycle in which biological materials are extracted from nature, used and returned to nature. The Technosphere: the sum total of all synthetic materials and minerals.
Optimistic
Technological cycle: the cycle in which technological materials are extracted, exploited and (re)used. Upcycling: the recycling of materials in such a way that they retain or increase their value and waste is eliminated.
Focus on growth and development, not on limits: positive growth is good. Work on the basis of opportunities and challenges, and learn from each other’s mistakes and results. Respect and enjoy biodiversity and diversity of cultures, desires and needs.
Downcycling: the recycling of materials in such a way that they eventually lose their value (the usual way of recycling). Intelligent design: designing products in such a way that, in their production and/or use, they add value to the system they are a part of. X-list: a list of toxic substances that cause harm.
Realistic
P-list: a list of substances that are safe to use.
Be as good as you can be with what is available. Don’t get caught up in feelings of guilt, but use your capabilities to make a contribution. Don’t wait for others, take responsibility yourself.
commissioned by:
This Information Map was created on the basis of literature study and information brought forward by panels of experts on the Cradle to Cradle concept. The experts were invited to take part by the Cradle to Cradle taskforce of the Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment and Agentschap NL. De Argumentenfabriek thanks all the participants for their contributions.
produced by:
© 2010
The Argument map of the Netherlands centre for Social Innovation Social innovation increases productivity
Social innovation reduces productivity
Social innovation makes efficient organisation of processes possible. Social innovation means employees can be more broadly deployed. Social innovation makes employees skilled, responsible, creative and customer-oriented. Social innovation encourages workers to develop themselves. Social innovation makes flexible working possible in place and time. Social innovation improves allocation of tasks and authorities among functions.
Social innovation leads employees to put energy into things that do not produce immediate results. When people have too much freedom, they don’t do what they are supposed to do.
Social innovation leads to higher costs PerFormANce
PerFormANce
Social innovation leads to greater yields Social innovation makes technical innovation more profitable in my organisation. Social innovation increases opportunities to convert knowledge into results. Social innovation stimulates improvement of the quality of goods and services in my organisation. Social innovation stimulates development of goods, services and cooperative relationships. Thanks to social innovation, the capacities and talents of employees are better utilised.
Social innovation disrupts labour relations Social innovation makes it harder to manage people. Social innovation means people no longer know what to expect from each other. Social innovation leads to unrest in my organisation. Social innovation makes my organisation unmanagable and uncontrollable.
Social innovation leads to more effective labour relations Social innovation increases mutual trust among employees in my organisation. With social innovation, people can relate to each other better and share knowledge better. Social innovation stimulates leadership/enterprise/intrapreneurship among employees. With social innovation, employees feel responsible and are alert and committed. Through social innovation, employees get more autonomy in the workplace. Social innovation improves my organisation's relationship with the trade unions.
Social innovation increases job satisfaction
What are the arguments for and against social innovation in my organisation?
WorkING relATIoNS
Social innovation makes work more varied and flexible. Social innovation offers employees space to develop their own ideas. Social innovation leads to a healthier working environment. Social innovation makes it easier to combine work and private life. Social innovation means people can work in the way that suits them best.
WorkING relATIoNS
Social innovation gives employees responsibility without extra pay. Social innovation deters employees who like rules and clarity. Social innovation makes employees more vulnerable, for example redundancy through higher efficiency. Social innovation puts great pressure on employees to perform better. Social innovation is a threat to labour agreements and workers' rights.
Social innovation is a vague concept
For
AGAINST
Social innovation is not necessary for my organisation
Social innovation enables my organisation to recruit the most suitable employees. Social innovation increases my organisation's ability to innovate and solve problems. Social innovation improves the ability to adapt to changing circumstances. Social innovation improves relationships with clients, suppliers and knowledge organisations.
Other organisations aren't doing it either. My organisation needs technological rather than social innovation. My organisation does not need to change because things are going well already. My organisation has good working relationships with external parties.
STrATeGy
STrATeGy
Social innovation does not suit my organisation In my result-oriented organisation, there is no support for social innovation. Social innovation is incompatible with the goals, products and services of my organisation. Social innovation creates expectations that my organisation cannot meet. My organisation lacks the leadership necessary to make social innovation a success. Social innovation means learning and changing, and my employees don't want that.
My organisation wants to be flexible and social innovation is very well suited for this. My organisation is always open to innovation and improvement. Social innovation appeals to important values (such as sustainability) in society.
commissioned by:
Social innovation reduces job satisfaction
Social innovation is ideological babble from intellectuals. Social innovation is hard to apply in practice. Social innovation has not proven to be effective. Social innovation is a fad that dates from before the credit crisis.
Social innovation is necessary for contact with the outside world
Social innovation suits my organisation
Social innovation costs time, money and capacity, such as investment in ICT. Social innovation requires fine tuning, which is labour-intensive and expensive. Social innovation requires a lot of deliberation, and more talk means less work. Social innovation leads to higher wage costs.
This map gives an overview of the arguments for and against social innovation from the perspective of the organisation. This Argument Map was produced on the basis of arguments brought forward by experts from the network of the Netherlands Centre for Social Innovation. They view social innovation as a renewal in labour organisation and in labour relations that leads to improved performance from the organisation, and realisation of talents. We thank all the participants for their contribution.
produced by:
The Argument map
Š2009
position of lgBt pEoplE in thE EuropEan union visualisation of the summary of the report ‘’homophobia and discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation in the Eu member states”, published by the fundamental rights agency, 2008.
Legal situation Only twelve Member States have explicit laws making it a criminal offence to incite hatred, violence or discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation. All others have general wording that could cover this. In fifteen Member States homophobic/transphobic intent is not defined as an aggravating factor in criminal behaviour.
Legal situation EU-citizens in same-sex marriages can not move and reside freely within the EU because not all Member States recognise same-sex married partners as ‘spouses’ for the purpose of freedom of movement.
protEction against hatE spEEch and hatE crimE
frEEdom of movEmEnt
Homophobic and transphobic hate speech and hate crime prevent LGBT people from participating in society fully.
LGBT EU citizens can not always enjoy their right to move and reside freely within the Member States.
EU-same sex partners in civil partnerships can not move and reside freely within the EU because not all Member States recognise civil partnerships as equivalent to marriage. Member States do not make clear their criteria for demonstrating a ‘same household’ or ‘durable relationship’.
FRa position Member states need to actively combat homophobia, hate speech and hate crime within the framework of EU-wide criminal legislation. The EU needs to consider legislation to cover homophobic and transphobic hate speech and hate crime similar to the legislation proposed for racism and xenophobia, and approximate criminal legislation in Member States applicable to these.
FRa position Member States need to recognise persons in same-sex marriages and civil partnerships as spouses. The EU needs to provide clear guidance on the criteria for demonstrating ‘sharing a household’ or ‘durable relationship’. The EU needs to clarify the Free Movement directive with regard to LGBT issues.
WHaT iS THE poSiTion oF LGBT pEopLE in THE EURopEan Union?
WHaT acTionS nEEd To BE TakEn?
Freedom from discrimination is a fundamental human right in the EU. This right also applies to LGBT people (lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transsexuals). despite many legal provisions and actions by the EU, there are still areas where LGBT people (particularly same-sex couples) are not treated equally to heterosexuals and encounter a range of problems and obstacles in their everyday lives as a result of their sexual orientation. This map points out five of those areas and what needs to be done in the opinion of the FRA to ensure equal rights of LGBT people.
according to the FRa different types of action are called for: • strong EU legislation that ensures equal protection from discrimination for all discrimination grounds (such as race, gender, sexual orientation, age) • adequate EU guidance for Member States on how to consistently implement provisions and how to ensure adequate protection for LGBT people • more action by national authorities (like setting up powerful broadly mandated equality bodies with specific expertise on LGBT issues that handle complaints aptly) • better data collection on the extent of discrimination of LGBT people and the impact of relevant legislation • exchange of good practices amongst Member States and the raising of public awareness of LGBT rights.
Legal situation Most Member States impose strict conditions on gender reassignment surgery. Not all Member States legally recognise a gender change, and in some changing one’s forename is difficult.
asylum and protEction against pErsEcution
Equal rights for transgEndEr pEoplE
FRa position Member States need to treat discrimination of transgender people in the same way as gender discrimination. Member States need to set conditions which allow (access to) gender change and recognise legal consequences of gender change.
Although no Member State has refused to consider sexual orientation as a source of persecution eight Member States do not make explicit reference to sexual orientation as a source of persecution.
FRa position LGBT refugees suffer from uncertainty whether being a member of LGBT group is recognised as a ground for persecution.
Transgender people suffer from discrimination and need protection.
Member States need to give a broad interpretation of gender discrimination, encompassing all discrimination on grounds of gender identity, also covering transvestites and cross-dressers. Anti-discrimination legislation in the EU needs to provide clarification of the protection from discrimination on the ground of gender identity under applicable EU directives.
Member States need to explicitly state that they recognise persecution on the ground of sexual orientation as a ground for asylum. The EU needs to clarify the common criteria for people in need of international protection relating to LGBT issues. Any protection offered to lesbians and gays should also be extended to transgender people.
family rEunification Legal situation
As some Member States limit the right to family reunification for third country nationals to married opposite sex partners, LGBT people (and partners of LGBT refugees) can not always join their partners (with)in the EU. Fifteen Member States do not extend family reunification rights to unmarried partners. As LGBT people do not have the same possibilities to marry as heterosexuals, they have less family reunification opportunities.
under the authority of:
Legal situation
LGBT people do not enjoy the same family reunification rights as heterosexuals.
FRa position Member States need to change rules that limit the famlily reunification rights to opposite sex married couples. Member States need to change rules that limit freedom of movement rights for third country nationals to unmarried partners of opposite sex partners. Member States need to implement the Family Reunification directive more consistently, in line with fundamental rights and without discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation. The EU needs to clarify the Family Reunification directive with regard to LGBT issues and the treatment of same-sex couples under this directive.
prepared by:
© 2008
С кем мы хотим сотрудничать?
Сотрудничество с частными партнерами
Почему нужно объединить усилия?
Бюро по временному трудоустройству и отраслевые организации
Сотрудничество с общественными организациями Министерство образования Организации по социальному трудоустройству
Сотрудничество между муниципалитетами Ведущая роль центрального муниципалитета Сотрудничество между соседними муниципалитетами
Какие есть опасности для занятости в регионе?
Каковы цели в отношении работодателей?
В каком темпе должно внедряться сотрудничество?
Есть ли анализы состояния в регионе, которые можно использовать?
Улучшение местного рынка труда?
Цели
Рынок труда
Реинтеграция
2
3
Результаты Как мы будем измерять совместные результаты?
Совместное выполнение мониторинга и измерения эффектов Разработка и установление национальных показателей для определения результативности работы цепочки
Совместная работа в цепочке труда и доходов Центр по труду и доходам (CWI), Институт по страхованию работающих (UWV), Банк по социальному страхованию (SVB) и муниципальные службы по социальному обеспечению с 2002 года обязаны объединить свои усилия в области поддержки людей, ищущих работу, обслуживания рынка труда и выплаты пособий. Бюро по обеспечению информатизации в цепочке труда и доходов (BKWI) за прошедший год проверило эффект взаимодействия сторон на практике. Результаты обследований, проведенных в разных регионах, приводятся в этой схеме. Схема дает обзор главных вопросов, с которыми стороны сталкивались на пути к более тесному сотрудничеству. Схема также служит исходной точкой для «Базы знаний по труду и доходам». На этом веб-сайте, на основе вопросов из практики, представлены полезные сведения, накопленные сторонами в ходе сотрудничества. База знаний находится по адресу: http://kennisbank.bkwi.nl. Более подробную информацию о предоставляемых BKWI услугах вы найдете здесь: www.bkwi.nl.
при содействии
7
Как составить эффективные досье по клиентам?
Один отдел
Один веб-сайт
С учетом интересов клиента С учетом внутренних процессов
Услуги
Процессы
Один телефон
4
Какие важнейшие вопросы стороны должны решить в ходе сотрудничества? 8
Однозначное содержание инструментария Удаление двойных записей Договоренности о передаче клиентов друг другу Договоренности о предоставлении других услуг
Более широкое применение эффективных инструментов Работать с молодежью раньше и более эффективно Соблюдение правомерности «Одна стойка» для всех вопросов по работе и доходам
Соблюдение правомерности Стимулирование трудоустройства Ограничение притока
Какие есть возможности для развития рынка труда в регионе?
Как правильно организовать процессы?
Как усовершенствовать обслуживание людей, ищущих работу?
Каковы цели в отношении людей, ищущих работу?
Согласование со службой по социальному обеспечению
Кто несет ответственность? Какие предпосылки необходимы? Какие затраты и какие преимущества?
по заказу
Оценка имеющегося инструментария Разработка новых инструментов Создание единой точки обслуживания работодателей
Министерство экономики
Как хотят сотрудничать партнеры по цепочке?
1
Как усовершенствовать обслуживание работодателей?
Предприятия по реинтеграции
Как поставить в центр внимания ищущих работу? Как добиться всеобъемлющего подхода? Как выступить перед клиентом в роли единой организации?
Поддержка Какие у нас требования к информационной технологии?
Какие у нас потребности в области ИКТ?
6
5
Сотрудники Как укрепить управление цепью? Организация
Усиление консультаций в региональной цепочке
Будем ли мы пользоваться системами наших партнеров?
Участие трех сторон в управлении «центром предприятий»
Хотим ли мы единую инфраструктуру для «центра предприятий»?
Назначить одного менеджера, отвечающего за сотрудничество
Как лучше использовать существующую систему ИКТ? Как узнать возможности будущей структуры ИКТ?
Содержание
Какие офисные помещения нам будут нужны?
Как объединить разные стили работы?
Кто расположится в здании? Какое нам нужно будет здание?
Руководить выполнением общего курса Контроль над развитием плана действий Обмениваться идеями и радоваться совместными успехами
Организация
Кто составляет альбом с фотографиями сотрудников? Как укоротить линии общения между отделами?
Какие есть потребности на местах?
Как стимулировать контакты между коллегами?
Какие существуют государственные требования?
Содержание
Как составить план постройки (реновации)?
Заручиться поддержкой для изменений и сохранить ее
Какие нам потребуются связи с общественностью?
Как наладить связи с общественностью и создать корпоративный стиль? Как информировать руководство и публику о результатах? Как стимулировать узнаваемость названия?
Определение общего набора ценностей Разрушение образа мышления, направленного только на собственную организацию Создать атмосферу доверия к качествам партнеров Общая для всех «социальная карта»
Как закрепить позицию наших профессионалов? Совместное обучение специалистов Создание новых специализаций и должностей, охватывающих всю цепочку
ARGUMENT MAP PACKAGING
Advantages The steel of this can is made of 89 percent recycled material. The aluminum of this can is made of 53 percent recycled material. Relatively little material is required for the package: the ratio of content to packaging is 93-7.
Raw materials
The transportation efficiency of beverages in this packaging is relatively high: 24,710 liters per truck.
Transportation
Tin is easily-recyclable, as it can properly be isolated from other waste with the help of magnets. The recycling rate of the steel part of this can is high, 89 percent in the Netherlands.2 When the tin material is recycled, the intrinsic features of the steel are preserved.
Recycling
The can is air- and light-proof and as a result the product is not affected.
Product
It requires relatively little energy to cool tin.
Cooling
Tin material has a relatively low CO2 emission per liter of packaged product: 91 grams.1, 4
Greenhouse effect
This can leads to less litter than packaging with loose components.
Litter
+
INTRODUCTION TIN
Disadvantages The extraction of iron ore (raw material of tin) affects the landscape.
Landscape
The stock of iron ore is limited (non-sustainable).
Raw materials
This can has an aluminum top that is lost when recylced.
Recycling
This can is not recloseable and as a result product spoilage occurs more quickly once opened.
Product
This can cannot be refilled and as a result it cannot be reused in the existing form.
Refillable
The water consumption during the production of steel is relatively high (during the rolling). The emission of toxic substances during the production of steel is relatively high. Steel corrodes so that it contaminates the soil and the surface water.
Other environmental aspects
Tin can with aluminum lid Minute Maid Apple Juice content 11 fl. oz.
Advantages
+
Advantages Little material is required for the production of plastic. In the Netherlands this bottle is made of 25 percent recycled material. Due to the high caloric value, plastic can replace fuel in electric power plants. Relatively little plastic is required for the package: the ratio of content to packaging is 91-9.
Raw materials
This bottle is recloseable and as a result product spoilage occurs more slowly once opened.
Product
This bottle is easily-refillable by the consumer (happens frequently in the Netherlands).
Refillable
PLASTIC
ALUMINUM
PET-bottle Aquarius content 11 fl. oz.
Aluminum can Spa Reine content 8.5 fl. oz.
Landscape
The stock of oil is limited (non-sustainable).
Raw materials
The transportation efficiency of beverages in this packaging is relatively low: 18,532 liters per truck.
Transportation
Plastic has the highest CO2 emission per liter of packaged product: 256 grams.
1, 4
Recycling
-
Greenhouse effect
This PET bottle has a separate cap that could lead to additional litter.
Litter
The production of plastic leads to smog generating emissions.
Other environmental aspects
A large quantity of raw material (bauxite) is available for aluminum. An aluminum can is made of 53 percent recycled material. Relatively little aluminum is required for the package: the ratio of content to packaging is 93-7.
Transportation
The transportation efficiency of beverages in this type of package is the highest: 24,960 liters per truck.
Recycling
This can consists of one type of material and is theoretically 100 percent recyclable. The recycling rate of aluminum is 53 percent in the Netherlands.2 When the aluminum material is recycled, the intrinsic features are preserved.
Product
Aluminum is air- and light-proof and as a result the product is not affected.
Cooling
It requires relatively little energy to cool aluminum.
Litter
This can leads to less litter than packaging with loose components.
Transportation
Recycling This refers to the extent to which recycling is theoretically possible and the extent to which the packaging is being recycled.
This refers to the extent to which the packaging contributes to the prevention of spoilage of the product, for example due to loss or deterioration.
What are the environmental advantages and disadvantages of the various types of packaging of non-carbonated beverages?
Cooling
Landscape
The extraction of bauxite (the raw material of aluminum) affects the landscape.
Product
This can is not recloseable and as a result product spoilage occurs more quickly once opened.
Greenhouse effect
Aluminum has a relatively high CO2 emission per liter of packaged product: 206 grams.1, 4
Refillable
This can cannot be refilled and as a result it cannot be reused in the existing form.
Other environmental aspects
During the production of aluminum, emissions such as red mud and toxic fluorides, are released. Aluminum scores worst on other environmental aspects due to its highly polluting production process.
This refers to the amount of energy that is required to cool the packaging. Greenhouse effect
Litter
Refillable This refers to the extent to which a package can be refilled and reused. As this refers to on-the-go packages, this refilling basically assumes personal refilling by the consumer. Other environmental aspects This residual category regards the impact of the relevant packaging on matters such as toxicity, fertilization and acidification. This Argument Map was prepared during group meetings with experts of CE Delft, Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), IVAM and Tetra Pak Benelux. We would like to thank all experts for their contribution.
Advantages
Advantages The raw materials of glass (basically sand) are available in large quantities. This glass bottle is made of 78 percent recycled material.
Raw materials
When the glass material is recycled, the intrinsic features are preserved. The recycling rate of glass is 78 percent in the Netherlands.2
Recycling
Glass is air-proof and as a result the product is not affected. This bottle is easily-recloseable and as a result spoilage of the product can easily be prevented.
Product
+
Landscape
Carton suppliers contribute to the preservation of forests.
Raw materials
The carton (70 percent of the packaging) is made of wood, a sustainable raw material. Carton is made of wood fibers, a by-product of the existing wood production. Only a very thin layer of aluminum is required to package something air- and light-proof. Beverage cartons can be converted into energy in combustion installations. Relatively little material is required for the package: the ratio of content to packaging is 94-6.
Transportation
The transportation efficiency of beverages in this packaging is relatively high: 22,464 liters per truck.
Product
The aluminum renders the carton air- and light-proof and as a result the product is not affected.
Greenhouse effect
Beverage cartons have the lowest CO2 emission per liter of packaged product: 33 grams.1, 4
+
Literature
Disadvantages The extraction of sand (the raw material of glass) affects the landscape or the bottom of the sea.
Landscape
This package consists of two types of materials: glass and aluminum for the cap. Relatively a lot of glass is required for the package: the ratio of content to packaging is 57-43.
Raw materials
The transportation efficiency of beverages in this type of packaging is the lowest: 12,968 liters per truck.
Transport
Glass must be sorted by color or it can no longer be recycled properly.
Recycling
This packaging is vulnerable to breakage and as a result loss of product occurs more quickly. This packaging lets light through and as a result the product is affected.
Product
It relatively requires a lot of energy to cool glass.
Cooling
Glass has a relatively high CO2 emission per liter of packaged product: 178 grams.
Glass breaks easily and consequently leads to a lot of problematic litter. This glass bottle has a separate aluminum cap that could lead to additional litter.
under the authority of:
This refers to the CO2 emission of the product over the whole life cycle of the package: extraction of the raw materials, primary production of the material, the development process of the packaging, recycling and waste disposal. As transportation only makes a small contribution to the total figures1 this is not taken into account.
This refers to the extent to which the packaging litters the environment.
(assuming on-the-go packages)
1, 4
This refers to the question of how much (new) raw material is required for the production of the packaging material and to what extent the required raw materials are limited.
This refers to the transportation efficiency of beverages in this type of packaging. The number of liters per truck of 26 pallets is assumed.
Disadvantages +
Disadvantages The extraction of oil (the raw material of plastic) affects the landscape.
Raw materials
Raw materials
Product
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The recycling rate of this plastic bottle in the Netherlands is very low.
This Argument Map provides an overview of the environmental advantages and disadvantages of various types of packaging. For easy comparison, on-the-go packages of about the same size were selected. It considers packaging of non-carbonated and long-life beverages. During expert meetings the packaging was assessed on nine environmental aspects. All numbers mentioned on this Argument Map are estimates and are based on data gathered in the Netherlands.
Greenhouse effect Litter
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GLASS
BEVERAGE CARTON
Glass bottle Wine content 8.5 fl. oz.
Carton with straw Roosvicee Multivit content 6.8 fl. oz.
Disadvantages
-
Raw materials
A beverage carton is always made of new material for the sake of food safety.
Recycling
In the Netherlands beverage cartons are hardly recycled; the European average is 32 percent.
Cooling
It relatively requires a lot of energy to cool carton.
Product
This carton is not recloseable and as a result product spoilage occurs more quickly once opened.
Litter
This carton has a separate straw and plastic foil that could lead to separate litter.
Refillable
This carton cannot be refilled and as a result it cannot be reused in the existing form.
Other environmental aspects
The production of carton leads to water contamination (oxygen deficiency and fertilization).
prepared by:
© 2008
1 Milieukentallen van verpakkingen voor de verpakkingenbelasting in Nederland (“Environmental indicators of packaging for the packaging duty in the Netherlands”), CE Delft (November 2007) 2 Annual Report 2005, Packaging Committee (October 2006) 3 Een breed inzamelplan voor drankverpakkingen (“A broad collection plan for beverage packaging”), CE Delft (August 2004) 4 Milieu en overige effecten van een belasting op verpakkingen van dranken (“Environmental and other effects of a duty on beverage packaging”), CE Delft (April 2001)