SC/BES/MCS/2006/2 December 2006 Original: English
ADVANCED TEACHING & LEARNING PACKAGES MICROCHEMISTRY EXPERIENCES English Version Portable Document Files (.PDF) One Page Microchemistry Worksheets as Portab e Document Fi es for Distribution via the Internet
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The UNESCO-Associated Centre for Microscience Experiments RADMASTE Centre University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
MICROCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENTS CONTENTS CHAPTER I PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS 1.Decomposition of Mercury(II) 2.Oxide Electrolysis of Water 3.Electrolysis of a Copper(II) Chloride Solution MIXTURES 4.Separation Techniques - Paper Chromatography 5.Separation of Two Dyes By Column Chromatography
GrupNo
DeneyNo
1
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1-11
2
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12-22
3
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23-33
4
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34-44
5
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45-54
6
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55-64
PARTICLE MODEL OF MATTER 6.Compounds, Elements, Pure Substances an d Mixtures - Modelling the Atoms and Molecules 7.Do Dissolved Substances Spread 8.Colliding Clouds of Colour 9.Leaking Balloons ??? 10.How Fast Does Gaseous Ammonia Diffuse ? OXYGEN, HYDROGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE PROPERTIES OF OXYGEN 11.Preparation and Testing of Oxygen PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN 12.Preparation and Testing for Hydrogen PROPERTIES OF CARBON DIOXIDE 13.Preparation and Properties of Carbon Dioxide 13. Part 1: The Preparation of Carbon Dioxide 13.Part 2: The Production of Carbon Dioxide During Respiration 13.Part 3: Dissolving Carbon Dioxide in Water 13.Part 4: The Effect of Carbon Dioxide on Combustion 14.The Reaction of Carbon with Oxygen
CHAPTER II CHEMICAL CHANGE OF SUBSTANCES COMBUSTION 15.The Reaction of Copper with Oxygen 16.The Reaction of Sulphur with Oxygen 17.The Reaction of Magnesium with Oxygen HEATING SUBSTANCES 18.Decomposition of Copper Carbonate 19.Decomposition of Ammonium 20.Carbonate Reduction of Copper(II) Oxide
REACTIONS OF ACIDS 21.Acid/Base Titration - an Introduction 22.The Effect of Dilute Acids and Alkalis on Indicators 23.The Reaction of Sulphuric Acid with Copper(II) Oxide 24.The Reaction of Acids with Sodium Hydroxide
CHAPTER III CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF CERTAIN ELEMENTS REACTIONS OF METALS 25.The Reaction of Group 1 and 2 Metals with Water 25.Part 1: The Reaction of Sodium and Potassium with Water 25.Part 2: The Reaction of Calcium and Magnesium with Water 25.Part 3: What Gas is Produced When a Group 1 or Group 2 Metal Reacts with Water? 26.Reactions of Metals with Metal Salt Solutions 27.Are Metal Oxides Acidic or Basic? REACTIONS OF NON-METALS 28.Reactivity of Group 7 Elements 29.Preparation of Iron(III) Chloride 30.Preparation of Copper(II) Chloride ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS PROPERTIES OF ACIDS AND ALKALIS 31.Acid-Base Indicators 32.Properties of Acids and Alkalis NEUTRALISATION 33.A Thermochemical Determination of the Stoichiometry of Acid-Base Reactions PREPARATION OF SALTS 34.Preparation of a Salt: The Reaction Between an Acid and a Metal Carbonate 35.Preparation of a Salt: The Reaction of an Acid with a Metal 36.Preparation of a Salt: The Reaction Between an Acid and a Metal Oxide CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND ELECTRICITY EVIDENCE FOR IONS IN SOLUTION 37.The Conductivity and pH of Solutions of Acids and Bases 37.Part 1: What is the Effect of the Concentration of a Ba sic or Acidic Solution on its Conductivity and pH? 37.Part 2: Does the Nature of a Base or Acid Affect the Conductivity and pH of its solution? IONIC REACTIONS REACTIONS OF AQUEOUS SALT SOLUTIONS 38.The Stoichiometry of Precipitation Reactions 38.Part 1: The Reaction of Potassium Chromate and Barium Chloride 38.Part 2: The Reaction of Lead Nitrate and Sodium Iodide 39.Testing for Ions in Aqueous Solutions 39.Part 1: Testing for the Presence of Sulphate Ions 39.Part 2: Testing for the Presence of Halide Ions
CHAPTER IV THE ATOM ATOMIC MODEL 40.FLAME COLOURS INORGANIC CHEMISTRY SULPHUR AND SULPHUR COMPOUNDS 41.Preparation and Properties of Hydrogen 42.Sulphide Preparation and Properties of Sulphur Dioxide 43.The Reaction of Sulphur Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulphide 44.Air Pollution by Sulphur Dioxide 44.Part 1: Uncontrolled Emission of Sulphur Dioxide 44.Part 2: The Function of a Chimney in Dispersing Air Pollutants 44.Part 3: The Elimination of Emission by an Absorbing Substance 45.Preparation and Testing for Hydrochloric Acid 46.Preparation and Testing for Nitric Acid 47.Solubility of Group 2 Metal Sulphates in Water NITROGEN AND NITROGEN COMPOUNDS 48.Preparation of Ammonia 49.Preparation and Properties of Nitrogen Dioxide 49.Part 1: Preparation of Nitrogen Dioxide 49.Part 2: The Effect of Temperature on the Equilibrium: 2NO 2(g) ; N2O4(g) HALOGENS AND HALIDES 50.Preparation and Testing for Chlorine
CHAPTER V REACTION RATES AND CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM RATES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS 51.Rate of Reaction - Factors Affecting the Rate of a Heterogeneous Reaction 51.Part 1: The Effect of State of Division of Reactants 51. Part 2: The Effect of Concentration of Reactants 51.Part 3: The Effect of Temperature 52.Rates of Reaction - The Effect of Catalysts 52.Part 1: Finding a Catalyst for the Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide 52.Part 2: The Effect of Quantity of Catalyst on the Rate of Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide 53.Rates of Reaction - The Effect of Concentration 53.Part 1: The Effect of Concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate 53.Part 2: The Effect of Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid ENERGY INVOLVED IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS 54.Enthalpy Changes for Reactions of Acids with a Strong Base 54.Part 1. The Enthalpy Change for the Reaction Betwee n Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide 54.Part 2: The Enthalpy Change for the Reaction Between Acetic Acid and Sodium Hydroxide DYNAMIC NATURE OF CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM 55.The Effect of pH on the Chromate/Dichromate Equilibrium 56.Chemical Equilibrium - Le Chatelier s Principle 56.Part 1: The Effect of Concentration of Reactants on Chemical Equilibrium 56.Part 2: The Effect of Temperature on Chemical Equilibrium
EQUILIBRIUM IN SOLUTION 57.Chemical Equilibrium - The Common Ion Effect ACIDS AND BASES TITRATIONS 58.Concentration and Amount of Substance in Solution 59.Acid/Base Titration - Determining the Concentration of an Acid OXIDATION REDUCTION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS OXIDATION-REDUCTION 60.Reactivity of Group 7 Elements (See Chapter III: Reactions of Non-metals) 61.Reactions of Metals with Metal Salt Solutions (See Chapter III: Reactions of Metals) ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS 62.The Zinc/Copper Cell ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 63.Organic Chemistry - Esters 64.Organic Chemistry - Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons