4.25.18

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Wednesday, April 25, 2018 – Tuesday, May 1, 2018 • VOLUME 111 • ISSUE 32

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WHAT IS TITLE IX? UNIVERSITIES NOW HAVE THE ABILITY TO CHANGE HOW THEY ADDRESS TITLE IX CASES UNDER DEVOS. WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR THE UA? | 18 – 21

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6 | Arts & Life | Fashion week returns to UA 11 | Sports | The silent battle in sports 14 | News | GPSC term limits on the table 16 | Opinion | Protests, what are they good for?

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Editorial

Arts & Life

Arts & Life

Ensure Title IX safeguard, everyone

UA students perform final dance showcase

UA Fashion Week returns to campus

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Opinion

News

Investigative

Talking tariffs with economics professor Goerling

Police Beat: Don’t climb the squad car, bro

Red tags: busting up the party

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Arts & Life

Opinion

Sports

Film students present Capstone projects

Informed activism makes a difference

Volleyball player beats both her opponents and cancer

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News

Sports

Sports

Constitutional changes proposed

by Grad Council

Cordes legacy continues at UA with Caroline

Track stars open up about battles with mental health

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Honor’s Dean lawsuit against ABOR continues

Title IX: definition, resources and help

What do Devos changes mean for UA?

ABOUT THE DAILY WILDCAT: The Daily Wildcat is the University of Arizona’s student-run, independent news source. It is distributed

on campus and throughout Tucson every Wednesday with a circulation of 7,000. The function of The Wildcat is to disseminate news to the community and to encourage an exchange of ideas. The Daily Wildcat was founded in 1899. All copy, photographs and graphics appearing in the newspaper or DailyWildcat.com are the sole property of The Daily Wildcat and may not be reproduced without the specific consent of the editor-inchief. A single print copy of The Daily Wildcat is free from newsstands. Unauthorized removal of multiple copies will be considered theft and may be prosecuted. Additional print copies of The Daily Wildcat are available from the Arizona Student Media office. The Daily Wildcat is a member of the Associated Collegiate Press and the Arizona Newspapers Association.

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The Daily Wildcat • 3

Wednesday, April 25 - Tuesday, May 1, 2018

EDITORIAL

UA must keep Title IX protections strong and fair

BY DAILY WILDCAT OPINIONS BOARD @DailyWildcat

Therefore, if a survivor of an assault doesn’t like the result, they have no recourse. But if the accused doesn’t like the result, they will have a way to receive an additional hearing.

This creates a blatant double standard, and one that is implicitly based on gender, due to the fact that the vast majority of sexual assaults are by men against women.

Under previous Title IX rules laid out by the Obama administration, accusers did not have to face the accused under a direct cross examination, which can be a traumatizing experience for someone who has been assaulted.

Now, accusers can be subjected to a barrage of questions from the same person who is accused of attacking them in the first place, which could easily lead to more trauma.

While those being accused of a crime or other violations that could have huge consequences on their lives should absolutely have the ability to defend themselves and appeal their decision, there are no compelling reasons to allow direct confrontation, or to take the right of appeal away from the accuser if the initial hearing does not go in their favor.

By also requiring standards usually reserved in criminal cases, even though Title IX is a civil law, the accused are receiving unfair advantages under the new guidelines.

The University of Arizona must resist making changes that will unduly harm students making a claim of sexual violence.

Wherever possible, it must uphold the stronger standards for those filing complaints, while still exploring ways to provide proper due process to those facing claims.

University officials must also be more open and forthright with information, and use all possible

T

he U.S. Department of Education released new guidelines last September regarding Title IX for universities that receive federal funding.

However, the guidelines at best give institutions an easy way out when dealing with difficult issues like sexual violence.

At worst, these new measures are completely dismantling the equality the rules were originally meant to enforce.

For a primer on Title IX, including what it is, what’s covered and how universities enforce the rules, check out The Daily Wildcat’s coverage, starting on page 18.

First, the new guidelines proposed by Betsy DeVos, the United States Secretary of Education, would allow universities to use a higher standard of proof for determining whether or not a sexual assault has occurred.

While the Education Department argues this change is to prevent false accusations and protect the rights of those being accused, the actual effect will be much more damaging to women trying to report an attack.

Already, sexual assaults are often a “he said, she said” event, with issues of consent and outside factors like alcohol or drug consumption often playing a role.

Forcing women to meet an even higher standard of proof than is currently required will result in fewer women coming forward with their claims if they can’t provide “clear and convincing evidence” of what happened.

The new guidelines also enable universities to only allow the accused to appeal a decision in a Title IX hearing.

venues and forums to make sure that students and employees know their rights during an investigation.

The Daily Wildcat attempted to contact the office on campus which oversees Title IX compliance for more than a year before finally securing the interview which led to the story published this week.

Critical information about these guidelines, as well as how to report an incident and other important data, was not shared with our audience sooner due to this extended delay.

Given the current climate on campus, with multiple claims, lawsuits and charges against faculty and students stemming from sexual misconduct, the UA must do everything in its power to create a culture that encourages a fair Title IX process for everyone involved.

Sexual violence is already statistically underreported, and creating more barriers and hoops to overcome will only increase the number of incidents that go unpunished.

The UA, under President Dr. Robert Robbins, has expressed a commitment to combat sexual violence in and ensure its processes are fair and equitable.

According to university officials, no changes have yet been made under the new guidelines.

The university must hold true to having a Title IX process that meets the needs of the community, and ensure it is adequately answering questions and providing the services and protections needed to keep everyone on campus safe.

Editorials are determined by The Daily Wildcat Opinions Board and are written by its members.

They are Editor-in-chief Courtney Talak, Opinions Editor Andrew Paxton, Content Editor Marissa Heffernan, Engagement Editor Saul Bookman and Arts & Life Editor Pascal Albright.

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4 • The Daily Wildcat

Wednesday, April 25 - Tuesday, May 1, 2018

ARTS & LIFE | UA DANCE

Shining a spotlight on student choreographers

BY THERESA COTTON @DailyWildcat

At the Edge - Student Spotlight is a showcase put together by the UA School of Dance that featured thirteen new works created by members of the UA Dance Ensemble and aimed to display their individuality and voices.

Candice Barth and Gregory Taylor performed their duet, “Dark Mirror in Deep Waters,” amongst other students and alumni during the showcase.

The duet was created with no intention to have a targeted audience or specific message, but it was meant to be a way for the individual to involve themselves and develop a personal connection to the art form.

The dance was co-created and choreographed by Barth, an MFA graduate student, and Taylor, a BFA undergraduate student. The movement in the piece was modeled in part after the Hail Mary prayer and the “Dark Night of the Soul”

by St. John of the Cross.

“A lot of the intellectual content for the piece came from the poem and the music,” Taylor said, speaking about the influences for the movement in the duet.

Taylor said the improvisations in the piece are inspired by motifs and themes in the movements that they wanted to highlight.

“You want to deal with images and things that are universal and beautiful so that people bring themselves to the piece and bring whatever their ‘Dark Night of the Soul’ is,” Barth said.

The music for the dance was inspired by composer Richard Dubra’s version of Ave Maria.

UA dance students take the stage for their end-of-year performance, showcasing skills, creativity and artistic vision

“First, you take the music and plot it out and interpret each phrase and ask, ‘How can I attach movement to this phrase?’” Taylor said. “Choreographing a piece is like, you plant a seed in your mind and it wants to grow and begins to go in all different directions, and so the poem and the music helped guide us.”

The varied interpretations of the piece all connected to each person in a unique way, and it was clear the dancers were connected to the movement in their own way, as well, according to Taylor. Images of Jesus carrying the cross, as well as other religious images, were presented in the movement and improvisation.

Both dancers expressed their passion in their choreography, as well as the impact it would have on the audience in developing a unique connection to the movement. “Dark Mirror in Deep Waters” was intended to stand out from other works presented at the showcase.

“During her undergraduate career here at the UA, [Candice] was virtually the ‘muse’ of every faculty choreographer and her performance roster included works over all three genres in our program,” said Melissa Lowe, a professor and director of advising for the School of Dance.

Barth brings her professional attitude and experience to the front and center as she steps once again into the UA Dance performance season, according to Lowe.

She also mentioned that Taylor is a “tremendous addition” to the UA Dance program, setting a high standard with his professionalism and maturity.

Barth and Taylor have been invited to perform the duet at the College of Fine Arts commencement ceremony at Centennial Hall.

“We are thrilled to be invited, and it is such an honor to represent the College of Fine Arts and the School of Dance,” Barth said.

COURTESY WHITNEY HERRBUCHHOLZ

THE UA’S SCHOOL OF Dance members perform their dance routine at the Stevie Eller Dance Theater on April 20 during the Spring Collection.

The Daily Wildcat • 5

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6 • The Daily Wildcat

Wednesday, April 25 - Tuesday, May 1, 2018

ARTS & LIFE | UA FASHION WEEK

‘Expect The Unexpected’ at UA Fashion Week TREND Fashion Club is back with its second annual fashion show, inviting students and local designers to showcase their unique style and hard work on the runway

BY JASMINE DEMERS @JasmineADemers

With models, designers and rooftop catwalks, TREND Fashion Club is hosting its second annual University of Arizona Fashion Week and is telling everyone to prepare for an unforgettable show.

“Expect The Unexpected” is the theme of this year’s UA Fashion Week, and the students in charge of the event said it’s going to be bigger and better than ever. They hope to increase recognition for student and local designers, as well as promote the impact that fashion can have on communities.

As the director and founder of UA Fashion Week, student Jenna DeMaio said it takes a lot to prepare for an event like this, but they are excited to see all of their hard work pay off.

“TREND has prepped for this since the day after last year’s show,” she said.

“Preparation for this event has TREND PRESIDENT been over a year and consists of picking designers, model castings, monthly fittings, weekly planning meetings, creative design and more.”

On Thursday, April 26, a designer meet-and-greet will be held at 6 p.m. in McClelland Park room 103. Free and open to the public, this event will allow attendees to meet trendy fashion designers in the area. Fashion collections will be showcased through seminars, where attendees will also have the opportunity to learn relevant branding and design skills.

The Runway Show will be held on Saturday, April 28, at 7 p.m. on the Luna Residential rooftop and will feature a variety of styles and designs from artists such as Theo Doro, Qmulative, Last Ones Left Apparel, Chaos in Denim, Always Live Care Free, Bourgeoisie and Outcharmed.

“My goal at the university is to bring more fashion awareness and creativity to the school and the city of Tucson,” DeMaio said. “This is the second annual fashion week, and it will be a week of history.”

Gabriel Nakovich, graduating senior and president of TREND, explained that UA Fashion Week is a time when members can really put their skills to the test.

“TREND is a club really based on forecasting creativity and professionalism,” he said. “It’s a place for students to come and express their creative freedoms in fashion, whether that’s the journalism part of fashion, the photography part of fashion, the styling, the designing and all aspects of the industry.”

With about 100 members in this club, TREND hosts many workshops throughout the year and connects with local brands, designers and retailers to gain real-world experience.

According to Nakovich, TREND teaches its members to think critically about retail so they can take that information and turn it into productivity.

Just such productivity allowed this group of students to make this year’s fashion show even bigger, selling more than twice the tickets sold last year.

“It’s important for this community, and especially for the students of TREND, to know that they can make anything happen,” Nakovich said. “It’s a lot of work, but if you care about something this much, you can get it done. Our whole executive board is so passionate about this, and we’ve grown so much since last year. Every week, you’re learning skills that you can apply in the real world.”

With this year’s fashion show, Nakovich is hoping to show the community how impactful fashion can be. He hopes this event will show people how this industry can change the culture in Tucson.

“Fashion creates community and fashion creates relationships,” he said. ”It is about the clothing, but it’s also about what it does within a community to bring people together. That’s what I want people to see, and I want them to know that students are the ones who put this together.”

“

Fashion creates community, and fashion

creates relationships.” — GABRIEL NAKOVICH

REBECCA NOBLE | THE DAILY WILDCAT

A MODEL, IN CLOTHING by Estéban Osuna, struts during the first night of Tucson Fashion Week at the Rialto Theatre on Oct. 13, 2016.

The Daily Wildcat • 7

Wednesday, April 25 - Tuesday, May 1, 2018

OPINION

Talking Trump tariffs with professor Geerling COLUMNIST ERIC ROSHAK @DailyWildcat

I

recently sat down with professor Wayne Geerling, a senior lecturer in economics here at the University of Arizona, to discuss President Donald Trump’s decision to impose tariffs on steel and aluminum, as well as potential trade wars.

The idea was to take issues I’ve heard UA students argue over extensively and get a professional economist’s opinion on these topics. I’ve always held that the best way to think politically is to think in terms of economics.

Here is our conversation, edited for space and clarity: The Daily Wildcat: Could you begin by telling us what a tariff is and how it works?

Why did President Trump announce tariffs on steel and aluminum of 25 percent and 10 percent, respectively?

Wayne Geerling: The WTO [World Trade Organization] has a clause called “National Security” that allows nations to impose tariffs in industries that are of essential use. So, that’s the main motivation behind it — the motivation president Trump has used publicly, anyway.

A tariff is effectively a tax on imports.

What it does is raise the price of goods entering the American market. When they come into port and go through customs the cost of steel would effectively be 25 percent higher and the aluminum would be 10 percent higher.

The aim here is to lessen American reliance on imports of aluminum and steel and help the domestic industry compete with international competitors.

DW: What is the domestic industry looking for in this case? What are they looking to gain?

WG: The two main benefits are to protect existing jobs and to expand existing industries. If America were importing less steel and aluminum, then the deficit would be met through rising domestic production. There are approximately 140,000 people who work in the steel industry in America.

The other thing to bear in mind is that this was a key campaign pledge by the

president as well, the idea of protecting American jobs. Bringing jobs back to America is one that resonates with his base. That’s an important campaign pledge he needs to deliver on.

DW: Do you see any potential drawbacks or unintended consequences from this policy?

WG: There are a lot of drawbacks; these tariffs are effectively a tax on everyone who consumes steel. This point is often lost. It’s easy to see the winners here.

The domestic steel and aluminum industries will benefit in the shortrun, absolutely, but steel consuming industries who employ about 6.5 million people in the United States will be hurt —it’s a tax on them.

Cars, computers, TVs, aluminum cans — these products all use steel. There are a lot of people in America that work in industries that will be affected by this because the tariffs will essentially raise the cost of doing business.

Many businesses that use steel as an intermediate import will be affected by this. This is an unintended consequence. The idea of the policy is not to hurt American firms, but it will happen as a result.

Production costs will rise; some of these firms will become less competitive. The other issue is that consumers will be paying more for these products at the end. Buying cars, fridges and all the other products that use these metals will cost more.

There are negative effects for producers who use steel and aluminum as an input, and consumers who buy the same products. The key thing to bear in mind here is that the policy is directed at the 140,000 people who work in the steel industry but it’s posing a tax on the 6.5 million people who work in industries who use these products as intermediate goods, which doesn’t sound like a great trade-off.

The other thing to consider is that these policies are not designed in a vacuum. Protectionist policies that impose tariffs on imports may involve tit-for-tat reprisals. Mexico and Canada have been excluded from the steel and aluminum tariffs because President Trump is trying to use this as leverage to re-negotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement [NAFTA] on more favorable terms.

ECON PROF, 13

8 • The Daily Wildcat

Wednesday, April 25 - Tuesday, May 1, 2018

POLICE BEAT

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Hop on cop A University of Arizona Police Department officer jumped on the case after a male student jumped on his patrol vehicle around 4:30 p.m. on April 7.

The officer returned to his marked patrol vehicle after issuing a warning to the president of Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity for playing loud music.

While sitting in the parked vehicle, the officer felt something move near the rear of the car.

Looking in his rear-view mirror, he spotted a young man wearing floral-patterned board shorts climbing up the car, past the rear window and onto the roof.

The officer exited his vehicle and noticed a nearby group of students walking toward the fraternity house. One of the men in the group was wearing the same floral board shorts.

The officer stopped the man and instructed him to sit on the curb. The student complied and identified himself as a member of the fraternity.

The student told the officer he “thought it would be funny to jump on the car.” However, he did not realize the officer was still in the vehicle.

According to the student, he was just trying to get into the fraternity house where he lived. When pressed, he admitted that climbing on the officer’s car was not an effective route to get to his residence.

After inspecting his vehicle and finding no apparent damage, the officer informed the student that he would not be arrested.

The officer forwarded a Student Code of Conduct violation to the dean of students.

Out of stalk A female UA Bookstore employee called UAPD April 6 to help report a stalker.

When the officer arrived at the Bookstore, the employee told the officer a male student had repeatedly made her feel uncomfortable. She explained, for over a year, she encountered the student so frequently at odd places that it had to be more than pure coincidence.

Last year, while leaving work, she noticed the student waiting next to her bike at the rack where it was parked. She did not feel comfortable going home that day for fear he would follow her.

The employee said the man had never spoken with her but displayed an obvious interest and followed her frequently. She previously told him to leave her alone, but had since grown too afraid to confront him.

UA Bookstore security was familiar with the male student as he is known to wander through the store for hours. He often entered the store, to reportedly look for the employee, only to leave soon if he did not find her.

After a brief phone call, the officer met with the student near Old Main and explained the situation to him.

The student did not feel he displayed those actions intentionally.

He denied harassing anyone, and said he just liked to browse.

The officer told the male student should he choose to browse at the bookstore in the future, he needs to avoid all female employees.

The Daily Wildcat • 9

Wednesday, April 25 -Tuesday, May 1, 2018

INVESTIGATIVE | RED TAG DATA

Red tags: The afterlife of the party

BY ALANA MINKLER @DailyWildcat

In the popular neighborhoods near campus, a party can be found almost every weekend. But when the party’s volume grows out of hand, it often results in a red tag, a small citation that must be displayed prominently in the window. Within the past year, there were over 190 red tag citations highly concentrated around the University of Arizona campus.

The majority of those red tags from 2017 to now occurred in the shortest month. February saw a total of 32 of these citations, which have become synonymous with partying.

The citations are given to residents for “unruly gatherings,” defined as “a gathering of five or more persons on any private property … in a manner which causes a disturbance of the quiet enjoyment of private or public property by any person or persons,” by the Tucson Police Department’s website.

They can be seen as warnings.

However, after multiple offenses or serious violations of the student code of conduct, they can turn into fees and serious repercussions for UA students.

Psychology and Spanish student Javier Strickler said the Theta Chi fraternity received a red tag last October for a noise complaint. The citation happened when about five friends were listening to music outside the house. Because the students wanted to contest the citation, the fraternity had to contract a lawyer to help fight the case in court. Although they won the case, Strickler said the effect was negative.

“It was a lot of time and money invested in fighting the red tag,” he said.

Red tags are handled by TPD, as well as the UA Dean of Students

Office. Disturbances that can lead to a red tag citation include “excessive noise or traffic, obstruction of public streets by crowds or vehicles, drinking in public, the service of alcohol to minors or consumption of alcohol by minors, fighting, disturbing the peace and littering,” according to TPD’s guidelines.

Red tags can bring hefty fines along with them. If someone is determined to be responsible for the “unruly gathering” they are fined $100. When it comes to subsequent offenses, the first costs $500, a second offense carries a $750 fine, a third costs $1,000 and the fourth warrants $1,500.

Although red tag citations may appear to be relatively simple, there is a lot of confusion about what they are, how they are handled and why they are given out.

Some concerned UA students are worried about the lack of clarity on exactly what constitutes as “unruly” to the TPD. Last February, Clark Knobel, a student at the UA, created a petition which argued that red tag citations needed more clarity and that the law “targets college students and is unfairly enforced.” The petition proposed that the city makes revenue off charging college students fines for partying.

While the petition managed to get 936 signatures urging the city council to rewrite the red tag laws, nothing has come of it.

Some Tucson residents do think their red tag citation was fair. On Oct. 28, 2017, the Saturday before Halloween and the weekend with the highest count of red tags for the year, Jennifer Neyoy received a red tag for a Halloween party that got out of hand.

“It was really stressful because I got called at 1 a.m.,” she said. “Somebody

was shot right here [in front of the driveway] and died.”

The altercation took place when several uninvited men showed up to the party and fired at two party guests when they were asked to leave.

There were over 200 people at the party, according to the police report that her and her roommate received.

The death was off the property so all they received was a red tag and a warning. Neither of them were determined responsible and didn’t have to pay any money, as long as they kept the red tag citation in visible sight.

She said the warning her and her roommate received felt just, because it was their first party and it served as a wake-up call.

The Dean of Students Red Tag Program, an alliance with the TPD, was created to educate students on responsible behavior in the community and establish repercussions for when students act inappropriately.

When a student receives a red tag, the Dean of Students is notified by the police. Per the UA’s Student Code of Conduct, “students are to be held accountable for off-campus behavior.”

The office will look at each student case to determine if punishments ranging from warnings to expulsion are warranted for the individual.

Chrissy Lieberman, associate dean of students, said when students receive sanctions it’s based on the number of violations present, their severity and a student’s history of conduct.

“This is not a one-size-fits-all situation,” she said. “Anytime a student is found responsible for a code violation, the sanctions can range from a warning, through educational and monetary sanctions, through suspension or expulsion.”

Lieberman said the Dean of Students

office is most concerned about the presence of weapons, underage drinking and sexual assault at parties.

“Our biggest concern will always be about health and safety,” she said.

“Ultimately, the red tags serve two purposes, where one of them is to serve an educational opportunity, providing assistance and guidance to a student whose party got out of control, and the second part is to recognize that we are part of the UA community and we have to be cognizant of our neighbors.”

Ward 6 Tucson City Councilman Steve Kozachik said the red tag policy goes beyond just a loud house party.

“Yes, it’s about being a good neighbor and not having a huge, loud party and to respect neighbors, but it’s also about more than that,” he said.

“It’s about the shooting and vandalism and sexual assault and all the other things that happen when people get loaded and lose control.”

Kozachik said “texting parties,” initially small parties that grow out of control once mass texting alerts large numbers of students to them, is a common reason a citation is given.

“Watch out how social media can affect the small party that you are having,” he said.

Red tags around the UA are likely to remain a common occurrence. Since The Daily Wildcat last investigated the number of red tags, the number has increased by about 20. While partying is a part of the college experience, it only takes a complaint and an “unruly gathering” of five people to possibly earn fines, sanctions and a red sign in the window.

To see a map of the most recent red tags, visit dailywildcat.com.

10 • The Daily Wildcat

Wednesday, April 25 - Tuesday, May 1, 2018

ARTS & LIFE | COMMENTARY

UA seniors ‘Dream in Widescreen’

BY VICTORIA PEREIRA @DailyWildcat

The University of Arizona Film and Televison program hosts an annual film presentation and competition as a final project for their graduating students. It is the first opportunity to see the original films from the student filmmakers before they take their work to major film festivals all over the world.

The project includes 12 short films that compete for over $6,000 in awards including cash prizes, gift certificates, software and studio credit that students can use to further their creative work.

The films have taken nine months to create, and we filmakers are preparing for their premiere at ‘I Dream in Widescreen’ this Saturday, April 28.

For the 14 Film & Television students pursuing bachelor of fine arts degrees, the process began back before the fall 2018 semester when the first script drafts were due on August 1. This kicked off pre-production, which consisted of script rewrites, extensive production planning, casting calls and assembling crew.

For some it took five or six drafts, for others more than fifteen, but somehow we finalized our scripts while planning for production and began shooting in October.

It’s a surreal feeling when camera and sound are rolling and you’re given the goahead from your assistant director to call action for the first time.

Watching the scene and characters that had been living in your head for so long come to life in front of your eyes, and knowing that many dedicated peers contributed to this moment is unforgettable.

Carolyn McKee, a senior studying Film & Television and philosophy, is one of the student filmmakers who will be showcasing her capstone. McKee said the day before she began principle photography on her capstone film she was anxious, staying up all night to finish some production design and stressing out over the weekend ahead.

“The night before I direct I’m always a mess,” McKee said. “I’m like, ‘oh my god, nothing’s going to work at all and why do I even make movies …’ and then once you actually get on set and start directing you get your groove back.”

McKee’s film, “Snooze,” is about a teenager trying to navigate school, a father-son relationship and undiagnosed narcolepsy, and features several dream sequences with complex practical effects created by McKee and her production design team.

Sara Luu, a film and television senior also working on her capstone project for the BFA, was the production designer for “Snooze” as well as five other capstone films in order to fulfill her alternative thesis project with an emphasis in production design. Instead

of creating her own film, Luu created sets to bring her classmates’ stories to life.

Other films in the program include “Runaways”, written and directed by Destiny Moreno, a film about a bride and her maid of honor escaping the bachelorette party to cruise the town, not knowing that the other is hodling a deep secret that could change their lives.

“Numb”, directed by Christina Close, a film about a woman’s encounter with an underwater world, “Corporate Culture”, directed by Adam Ciampaglio about a recent college grad striving to find her place in the strange culture of the Johnson Collective Group.

Once production was completed, postproduction began in full swing. First cuts of the short films were being completed before the end of the semester and some were going back to reshoot scenes and pick up new or unfinished sequences as early as December.

Picture editing comes first, shots are paired together to make scenes, scenes arranged to make a rough cut and the rough cut is refined over weeks off feedback given by classmates, teachers and outside sources.

It’s an arduous, detailed process where decisions come down to literal frames of footage. Lines of dialogue and sometimes whole scenes are left on the cutting room floor in the effort to find the most compelling, tonally consistent way to tell the story buried among hours of footage.

Once the fine cut is reached, it’s time for sound and color. Sound designing a film is, in my opinion, one of the most underrated tasks in the filmmaking process.

The sheer amount of time that goes into building and mixing a film’s dialogue, sound effects, music and background tracks is staggering, but makes all the difference in the final product. Coloring film is a similar process in that it takes extensive time and energy to craft something that immerses the audience effortlessly.

We lost track of how many cups of coffee, hours of sleep and moments of stressinduced insanity were sacrificed to these films, but in the end we all made it to the final submission. Now all there’s left to do is wait for the premiere this Saturday and prepare for the future, both for our films and ourselves.

“Everything that you learn in the program is suddenly applied to one single idea that you have,” said Alicia Farmer, a film and television senior and the writer and director of “James,” one of the capstone films. “This is how I put my degree to its finest extent [sic] and see that I’ve learned all of this … and seeing what I’m able to produce is a proud moment for me.”

As exciting as it is to be at the conclusion of this insane journey, it’s bittersweet. I’ve never worked so hard on any project in my life and

COURTESY JACOB BRICCA

VICTORIA PEREIRA, A SENIOR in Film & TV, directing for her film “Syncopate” which will premeire Saturday, April 28. The film focuses on a classical music producer having to fashion a hit song alongside her popular oppostite.

COURTESY JACOB BRICCA

STUDENTS WORKING ON THE film “Corporate Culture.” A film about a recent college graduate striving to find her place in the strange culture of the Johnson Collective Group.

there are times when you feel like you can’t possibly continue.

As an undergraduate capstone ought to be, it’s a representation of my four years here at the UA School of Theatre, Film & Television, complete with the skills I’ve learned and friends I’ve made over that time. It’s a culmination of everything we’ve learned, all we’ve persisted through and I can’t help but

be incredibly proud, not only of my own work but the work of my classmates and every person involved in these 12 short films.

So as this semester winds down and some college careers come to an end, I invite you to celebrate the end of 14 film students’ undergraduate journeys at the Fox Theatre on April 28. I assure you, it will be one incredible show.

The Daily Wildcat • 11

Wednesday, April 25 - Tuesday, May 1, 2018

OPINION

CYRUS NORCROSS | THE DAILY WILDCAT

MARISOL GRACIA, EIGHTH GRADE teacher from Issac School district in Phoenix, tells the crowd, “We will win!” during the RED for ED rally on April 4 in Downtown Tucson.

Taking direct action makes a difference COLUMNIST ALEC SCOTT @DailyWildcat

I

n the wake of national strikes, protests, walkouts, political infighting and various divisive issues demanding direct action, Arizona is becoming the next battleground state for education and gun control activists.

This past year alone has seen teachers’ walkouts and strikes in three other states — Kentucky, Oklahoma and West Virginia — and gun control protests all across the country in response to a year that the Gun Violence Archive reports has already suffered nearly 5,000 deaths in incidents involving firearms.

In fellow red states Kentucky, Oklahoma and West Virginia, Arizona teachers saw a game plan.

In West Virginia, teachers gained the upper hand by striking and walking out all at once, forcing a response from the State Legislature before the political pressures could start acting fast enough to break up the teacher’s union.

After West Virginia surprised the rest of the country by getting concessions from the state government, teachers in Oklahoma and Kentucky started organizing to fight against cuts to their pension and continually low investment in their classrooms.

According to Bloomberg, these

teachers are “reviving the tactics of an earlier era,” a reference to the direct union action that has been falling behind in the past several decades.

But what needs to be asked, now that direct action is returning and public protests over national issues continue to divide or bring us together, is whether or not this all works.

To answer this question, The Washington Post looked at the data from counties who either did or did not experience civil rights protests during the 1960s and ‘70s, in an attempt to judge whether mass-scale protests actually change public opinion in either the short or long term, and they found the evidence pretty convincing.

The Post reported counties that participated in mass protests had “2.5 percent more likelihood of supporting affirmative action [and] 3 percent more likelihood of identifying with the Democratic Party today,” which means that, even 50 years down the road from the locations of mass protests, the effects are still being felt.

However, whenever we turn on the news, it is easy to find just as many people turned away from issues by protesters as there are people actually marching.

Are these protests just dividing us up even further, and therefore, we’re just shooting ourselves in the foot by making each issue a divisive point that pushes all but the most radical away?

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12 • The Daily Wildcat

Wednesday, April 25 - Tuesday, May 1, 2018

SPORTS | BEACH VOLLEYBALL

Mason spikes cancer to the sand

BY AMIT SYAL @ASyal21

After coming home from a long day of soccer matches, then 12-year-old Mia Mason started experiencing terrible headaches. Her mother, a UA indoor volleyball alumna, took her to their family doctor to check out what was happening to her daughter.

It was then that the now-junior beach volleyball student-athlete underwent a CT scan that revealed Mason had a tumor in her brain that was limiting the function of her cerebellum.

The cerebellum is the part of the brain that coordinates and regulates movement. Because of the cerebellum’s imperative function, this meant Mason would not be able to walk for the time being. That was a huge setback to someone who lived for the thrill of being able to play sports.

Throughout Mason’s couple of months in treatment, the Manhattan Beach, California native had an support system. She remembers the UCLA volleyball team and coach coming to visit her during the long days and nights in the hospital room. Mason also remembers friends and family

“

“I remember learning how to walk again by using a walker everywhere,” Mason said. “It was very tough.”

For Mason, this meant she had to re-learn how to play sports, namely volleyball. Although she had played a myriad of sports prior to being diagnosed, she decided volleyball was going to be the sport that stuck with her.

“I decided it was best to just choose one sport, and I loved volleyball so much, so I stuck with it,” Mason said.

Although she has been cancer-free for about nine years, Mason still has to travel back to Los Angeles every year to get a two-hour MRI done on her brain and spinal cord as a necessary precaution.

Mason and her mother have paired up with the research team at the University of Arizona Steele Children’s Research Center to make a positive impact on children with cancer. The pair started the Mia Mason Fund for immunotherapy research to support pediatric cancer research.

The process of immunotherapy is a treatment that uses a part of a child’s immune system to fight diseases, such as cancer. The work and funds raised by the Mia Mason Fund will help accelerate

I remember learning how to walk again... I just wanted to get back to playing.”

— MIA MASON, UA BEACH VOLLEYBALL

AMY BAILEY | THE DAILY WILDCAT

ARIZONA DEFENDER MIA MASON (22) serves the ball against San Jose State during the first set of her first match on Sunday, Feb. 25, at Bear Down Beach in Tucson.

getting together and making purple bracelets for her in support of her fight.

“It was awesome to see everyone get together and do something like that for me,” Mason said.

Treatment was a storm of doctors and surgeries in the hospital, as well as months of recovery for Mason. Mason recalled long days and nights laying in the hospital bed while the doctors would run endless tests on her to get her back to 100 percent.

“Having everybody around me — family, doctors, and my teammates — supporting me through it all really helped a lot,“ she said. “I just wanted to get back to playing again.”

After finishing up her treatment, which lasted a couple months, Mason was declared cancer-free, but that didn’t mean life was completely normal again. Cancer could not stop Mason’s passion for all things sports; in fact, she said it made her passion grow even more. But in order to start playing again, she had to start with the basics: learning to walk again.

the research done toward helping to fight cancer.

“When [the UA Steele Center] reached out to my mother and I, we were super glad because we love doing everything we can to help now, especially since it’s in Tucson,” Mason said.

Despite everything she has been through, Mason has made quite the impact on the Arizona beach volleyball program. In her freshman year Mason went to the NCAA Beach Volleyball Championships, where she competed beside her partner, Kalei Mau, as the No. 6 seed and beat Georgia State in the first round.

This season, Mason had a hand in making Arizona a top 20-ranked program, and some of her best performances have come against top-level competition, such as Washington and Santa Clara.

After everything she’s been through, Mason said she knows the love and support from her friends, family and teammates are beyond measure. She has been able to excel on the sandy courts, despite any life-changing challenge thrown at her.

The Daily Wildcat • 13

Wednesday, April 25 - Tuesday, May 1, 2018

ECON PROF

PROTESTS

But steel imports from other countries are affected. The EU, for example, has signaled a willingness to hit back with a 25 percent tariff on $3.5 billion worth of American goods, targeting Republican states which are predominantly rural, which will hurt farmers. Basically, farmers might end up being collateral damage here.

DW: Are there any historical precedents which help us understand how this policy might play out over the next few years?

WG: To find a similar precedent with UA ECON PROFESSOR WAYNE GEERLING similar logic, you need to go back to president George W. Bush. In 2002, he increased tariffs on steel. It’s pretty much a line-for-line comparison. GDP fell by about $30 million. The U.S. lost 200,000 jobs; many of these were in the steel industry as well, which is important to remember.

The WTO ultimately ruled the tariffs illegal and they were rescinded. The shortterm benefits here are obvious, and I think the political benefits for President Trump are probably as important as the economic benefits.

The boomerang effect is important here. That is, there’s going to be a lot of collateral damage. Domestic producers who use steel as an input will be hurt, consumers will be hurt and American exporters, particularly farmers, are going to be the big losers in any potential trade war.

We must judge a policy by its outcomes, not its intentions, to paraphrase the late Milton Friedman. My view, and the view of most economists, is that these tariffs will do more harm than good to the American economy.

A Harvard study on this topic explained that the most important aspect of a protest was not just attracting attention or scaring public policy leaders, it’s getting people invested in the issue, which has to be done in the right way to keep the middle ground on board.

By attracting the public eye and inspiring people to have an opinion and act on a certain goal, it not only signals to politicians that this issue is a sticking point to a sizable voting block, it also shows them that their zeal on the subject will keep protest attendees energetic and politically active down the road.

But not all protests are able to inspire concessions; The Atlantic wrote on the important distinction between violent and nonviolent protests, clearly explaining why nonviolence is not only the best answer, it is almost always the only answer.

The Rotman School of Management published a study that showed that when liberals were given reports of anti-Trump protesters acting violently and erratically, they actually reported supporting Trump more than they did before the test was begun.

Furthermore, The Atlantic wrote that when more moderate or undecided passerbys witnessed radical and violent actions by protesters, they just can’t empathize enough to listen to their message.

The study found the exact opposite for non-violent protesters, where people were more likely to report supporting causes when they heard news reports of those leading the marches responding to violence with non-violent means.

All of this shows that not only are marches, protests and walkouts potentially a unifying and powerful move by teachers and students to accomplish political goals they find near and dear to their hearts, it is also capable of pushing those ready to lend support away if it drifts towards radicalization and violence.

It is important for every cause to not only remember their own cause, but to never forget those watching them, ready and willing to give support, if only they remain a peaceful in response to tyranny and mismanagement.

— Eric Roshak is a preceptor for Dr. Geerling’s Economics 200 course, and values economic thinking.

— Alec Scott is a sophomore studying Political Science and German Studies who volunteered for the 2014 Ron Barber Congressional Campaign.

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14 • The Daily Wildcat

Wednesday, April 25 - Tuesday, May 1, 2018

NEWS | STUDENT GOVERNMENT

GPSC to vote on eliminating term limits Proposed changes to representative and officer term limits and a scale-back of day-to-day responsibilities are on the table for next years council

BY JORDAN WILLIAMS @JordanNichelleW

During their April 18 meeting, the Graduate and Professional Student Council proposed changes to its governing documents that will alter the way the council is run.

Documents obtained by The Daily Wildcat, including a copy of the proposed constitution, show drafts of changes to the GPSC constitution, bylaws and elections code for the 2019 fiscal year.

The draft constitution proposes the removal of term limits for both the general council and executive board.

The proposal comes a year after the council voted to add term limits to the constitution.

The GPSC bylaws outline responsibilities of each person serving in GPSC, whether they were elected or support staff. A draft of proposed changes to those bylaws show officer and representative responsibilities being rolled back.

According to GPSC Social Chair and College of Fine Arts Pepresentative Marie Teemant, current representatives were not being held to current standards to begin with, and scaling back responsibilities would allow accountability. She also highlighted that those serving on GPSC are graduate students.

“They’re not getting paid by the hour,” Teemant said.

“We need to be respectful of their time, what those responsibilities look like and what they consist of.”

GPSC is the elected student council for the Graduate College, tasked with representing graduate and professional students on issues affecting them.

The council is made up of two parts. The first is an executive board with a president, executive vice president and administrative vice president elected by the entire student body.

The executive board also has four officer positions — secretary, assembly chair, treasurer and social chair — which are filled by already elected general council representatives through internal elections.

The second part is the general council, made up of representatives elected from each college, along with three representatives elected by the student body.

Currently, each college elects one representative per 400 full-time equivalent students in that college.

However, the draft constitution proposes each college be alloted one voting representative and one non-voting alternate.

For Teemant, the current proportion model conflicts with the growth of certain graduate colleges over others.

“The system that we have now is an endlessly growing body of representatives, and that’s just untenable,” Teemant said.

General council and executive board members are elected annually to one-year terms. Currently, individuals are only allowed to serve five elected terms in any combination of representative and executive board positions, and three terms in any

CEDAR GARDNER | THE DAILY WILDCAT

GPSC MEMBERS DISCUSS ISSUES during a meeting in the SUMC on Jan.3. In documents recently obtained by The Daily Wildcat, major constitutional changes are proposed, including eliminating representative term limits.

combination of executive board positions.

The elections code of GPSC is the document that governs how elections are run. Per the current code, the general elections are held in the spring, and special elections are held under exceptional circumstances.

In fall 2017, GPSC was scheduled to hold a special election because not all seats were filled in the general election the previous spring. However, the election was not held.

Teemant was not happy with the decision.

“That was a decision that was made without the executive board and without the general council,” Teemant said.

To fill those vacant seats, the council used the process of reaching out to candidates who wanted to run in the special election and internally voted those candidates in.

A draft elections code would not only allow that process if a seat becomes vacant in the middle of the

year. It would also mandate a special election be held if the council seats less than half its total seats or if there is a vacant seat for an executive officer.

Part of the reason for these changes is to clarify the role of GPSC. For current administrative vice president Dustin Tran, the clarity of the current governing documents has become an obstacle to governing efficently.

“I think one of the issues that’s come up this year a lot is ‘Well, the governing docs say xyz, and that’s what we have to follow,’” Tran said. “Or a lot of it has come up with the opposite, where it’s not defined in our governing docs, therefore we cannot do it.”

None of the changes are finalized yet.

“We are still ironing those out to ensure their congruency moving forward,” said David Contreras, GPSC treasurer.

All of the changes will be voted on by next year’s general council, which will meet for the first time on May 14.

Wednesday, April 25 - Tuesday, May 1, 2018

SPORTS | BEACH VOLLEYBALL

CORDES’ LEGACY LIVES ON

BY AMIT SYAL @ASyal21

Caroline Cordes’ sports journey with Arizona beach volleyball comes with a bit of family history. The UA redshirt freshman is but another member of the Cordes’ family legacy to walk the University of Arizona Mall.

Her father, Bill Cordes,was a quarterback for the football team in the 1980s. Her mother, Kristin, is an Arizona alumnus as well.

Caroline has two older brothers: Jack and Kevin. Jack plays basketball for Hillsdale College in Michigan. Her other brother, Kevin, is a former NCAA swimming champion, Arizona graduate and current Olympian. He was a member of the 2016 U.S. Men’s Olympic Swimming Team, where he took fourth place in the men’s 100-meter breaststroke.

Coming from a family of multi-talented athletes had a strong impact on Caroline’s work ethic and athletic journey.

“It really motivated me to work harder and make my own way with beach volleyball,” Caroline said. “I used to be a swimmer, but I didn’t want to follow in my brother’s [Kevin] footsteps so I started to play volleyball.”

Coming from a family of athletes means Caroline will always have people to look up to. Although being the sibling of an Olympic swimmer might seem like a lot of pressure, Caroline said she was never affected by this; she created her own path.

“I never really felt any pressure to play one sport. I used to play soccer, basketball, and swim, but I found my own with beach volleyball and decided to stick with it,” Caroline said.

Caroline’s performance on the courts has helped keep a big part of the Cordes’ legacy alive at the university. Even after her brother’s departure from the school a couple years back, Caroline strives to make a lasting impact during her four short years in Tucson.

Even today, Caroline’s parents come out to Bear Down Beach to support the sophomore Sand Cat and their own alma mater in all things sports.

Something the Cordes’ family, and now Caroline, had to balance are daily struggles of being a student-athlete who’s invested in both academics and athletics.

Caroline had interest in moving to Tucson to become involved in the business program.

“I knew that the University [of Arizona] had a great business school,” Caroline said.

“So, I really wanted to come here for that.”

Between her myriad of business classes and time spent with the beach volleyball program, Caroline admitted being a studentathlete is a challenging balancing act.

“The hardest part is definitely finding the time to get ahead in school so that when

MADELEINE VICECONTE | THE DAILY WILDCAT

ARIZONA’S CAROLINE CORDES sets the ball during the Arizona-Utah beach volleyball game at Bear Down Beach, in Tucson on Friday, April 20.

competition weekend rolls around, I can focus on competing,” Caroline said. “I’m definitely in the library at least four times a week.”

As a part of the beach volleyball program, Caroline is required to attend practice every day for two hours, lift three days a week, and compete on the weekends, whether it be at Bear Down Beach or on the road.

On the flip side, as a current business student, Caroline has class every day until 4 p.m. and goes to tutoring until about 5 or 6 p.m. that same night.

“There are nights where I’m in McKale until about seven or eight at night,” Caroline said.

Another wrench thrown in her way has been the rigorous travel schedule. The Sand Cats have traveled to California several times this year and have even made a trip all the way to Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Caroline realizes being on the road only makes her life that much more difficult.

“During season, when we are traveling, school can get a bit overwhelming, especially if I have a test the upcoming week,” Caroline said.

On the sand, Caroline has seen more of the spotlight this season. As a freshman, she did not see much action as she was redshirted, but this year, she has been playing on the No. 5 team with her current partner-in-crime, Makenna Martin. Caroline has played a role in crucial wins for the ‘Cats this season, defeating strong teams such as No. 17 Stetson, New Mexico and San Jose State.

Caroline said she is looking to make the final push for her sophomore year, as she gets ready to wind down her season and classes before heading into the summer.

The Daily Wildcat • 15

16 • The Daily Wildcat

Wednesday, April 25 - Tuesday, May 1, 2018

SPORTS | TRACK & FIELD

THE SILENT BATTLE Former Arizona track stars and Olympians open up about seeking help for psychological struggles while competing

BY TEAGAN RASCHE @teaganrasche

Former Arizona track and field athlete Georganne Moline has a glowing smile and passionate voice as she recalls her journey to the 2012 Olympic Games. The 5-foot-10 Arizona native runs the 400-meter hurdle race. She has spent the last five years ranked in the top 10 in the world, but being at the top hasn’t come without challenges.

Athletes devote years of their lives to make the Olympics, and the thrill of the two-week-long games is an environment where athletes can thrive.

But what happens to these athletes after the games are over and the cameras are gone?

Moline experienced the emotional aftermath from the games over the next several years.

“2013 was one of the worst years ever,” Moline said. “I will never forget it.”

Moline is a University of Arizona alumna who lives and trains in Tucson. She is sponsored by Nike and has represented Team USA at the Olympics and IAAF World Indoor Championships.

Her breakout season happened when she was just a junior at the UA in 2012. She made the USA Olympic team and was the youngest competitor in the 400-meter hurdles at the 2012 Olympics.

“At the games, I felt so relaxed. I felt like I had no pressure,” Moline said. “No one expected me to do anything.”

She ran a personal record of 53.9 seconds in the Olympic finals and placed fifth. For Moline, she said it was the greatest feeling because she knew she was able to represent her country and state, while making everyone proud. Moline returned to Arizona to finish up her senior year.

During her 2013 season at Arizona, Moline received a lot of attention for her accomplishments from the past season.

That’s when Moline began to sense her emotional let-down was affecting her performance.

She was always announced as “Georganne Moline, the Olympian.”

“If I got beat, it was like, ‘Oh, an Olympian gets beat.’ It would be in articles and stuff,” Moline said. “I started to think, ‘Am I not allowed to get beat?’”

That track season, Moline faced her biggest challenge yet. Her rival, Stanford’s Kori Carter, beat Moline in every race. On the starting line, Moline felt she had already lost to Carter. At the NCAA Championships in 2013, both Moline and her rival broke the national record, but Moline placed second. Moline admitted that her mental barriers were more pronounced and she became scared to race because her confidence had disappeared.

“At that point, I had reached an all-time low. I didn’t know how to get myself out of it,” Moline said. “Even my friends and family couldn’t talk me out of it.”

She thought she needed professional help and began to see a sports psychologist, but only briefly. It took years of training for Moline to find her love for track again. She thought athletics wasn’t for her and that maybe she was meant to do something else, but the root of her psychological problem stemmed from how she viewed herself.

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SAGE WATSON, LEFT, AND Georganne Moline, right, train at the Drachman Stadium in Tucson on Nov. 8, 2017. Watson and Moline are former UA and Olympic athletes.

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The Daily Wildcat • 17

SPORTS | TRACK & FIELD

SILENT BATTLE FROM PAGE 16

“I associated Georganne Moline the person and Georganne Moline the athlete for years,” Moline said.

It wasn’t until late 2016 that she separated the two identities. This change gave her a new appreciation for track and the pressure was lifted. Moline’s running improved and she set a new personal record in 2017 that took four years to reach.

A key figure that guided Moline back to the right path was sports psychologist Dr. Amy Athey. Athey was a different sports psychologist than the one she saw after the Olympics, but helped Moline turn a corner.

Moline said she finally began to understand that there are bigger things in life that just winning and losing a race.

“Quitting was never an option,” Moline said.

Athey currently works for the UA’s athletic department and has been a psychologist for over 15 years. She connects with and helps many other athletes who go through similar emotional struggles to what Moline experienced. According to Athey, there is a feeling of loss when the Olympics end.

“Even if it’s expected, it brings on symptoms of grief because you’re reprocessing that loss,” Athey said. “For some, there may have been disappointment around their performance that they’re coping with.”

Back on the track now, Moline runs side-by-side with teammate Sage Watson. Watson, a former UA track star, represented Canada at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the 400-meter hurdles.

The two sprinters are in sync. They have similar builds with tall, thin bodies. Moline has dark hair while Watson’s long, blonde ponytail trails behind. Both women have the same sponsors, same coach and both experienced discouragement after the Olympics.

Watson described her Olympic experience as “emotionally exhausting.” She felt a lot of pressure from the media because the attention she received on social media was overwhelming.

Watson placed at No. 11 in the 400-meter hurdles and contributed to Team Canada’s fourth-place finish in the relay at the Summer Games in Rio de Janeiro. For Watson, finishing one spot away from the podium at the Olympics was tough to swallow.

“It took me a while to get over the Olympics. I was a little heartbroken coming up short in my relays,” Watson said. “I took a few weeks off social media and spent time with my family and friends to recover.”

Now refocused on the 2018 season, Watson will use her past experiences to compete on the international stage once again. Watson recently competed at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Australia, where she placed fifth.

Both Moline and Watson are proof that an athlete’s Olympic experience can be an emotional roller coaster and each person deals with it differently. Even when faced with emotional and mental hurdles, Moline and Watson have shown the ability to overcome them.

“By going through those emotions, you learn to cope,” Athey said. “People come out of it.”

— Editor’s note: Reporter Teagan Rasche is currently a thrower for the Arizona track & field team.

TEAGAN RASCHE | THE DAILY WILDCAT

GEORGANNE MOLINE TRAINS AT the Drachman Stadium in Tucson. Moline is a former UA track and field athlete and competed in the 2012 Olympics.

18 • The Daily Wildcat

Wednesday, April 25 - Tuesday, May 1, 2018

NEWS | TITLE IX

When Title IX goes to court On Jan. 23, a lawsuit was filed against the UA, citing Title IX violations. While the lawsuit goes through court, here is an update of what happened after it was filed

BY ROCKY BAIER AND RANDALL ECK @RockyBaier @Reck999

Former University of Arizona Honors College Dean Patricia MacCorquodale filed a collective action lawsuit against the Arizona Board of Regents for $2 million on Jan. 22, claiming the UA has widespread gender pay discrepancies.

Additionally, MacCorquodale’s lawsuit singled out former UA Provost Andrew Comrie, claiming the Dean’s Council, which he chaired, “is primarily composed of men” and alleged he “inappropriately criticized [MacCorquodale’s] appearance, stating she should wear skirts more often.”

MacCorquodale’s lawsuit has sparked debate among faculty around pay inequalities, gender discrimination and other rights protected under Title IX, the Equal Pay Acts and university policy on campus.

One such discussion began when former faculty chair Lynn Nadel spoke up in defense of Comrie.

“I have never, not once, seen Andrew treat anyone with disrespect as a function of gender, race, sexual orientation, status — you name it,” Nadel wrote in a Chair Talk on Jan. 23.

Other faculty members echoed Nadel’s sentiment.

“I was shocked when I saw the article in the Tucson Daily Star; it’s not the man I know. Andrew Comrie is definitely not sexist. He’s fair,” said Gail Burd, the UA’s vice provost of Academic Affairs.

Jennifer Barton, director of the Bio5 Institute, concured.

“From my personal interactions with him, Comrie has been a mentor and provided tremendous and incredibly positive support,”she said.

Yet, not all faculty agreed.

“When I first read Dr. Nadel’s initial response to learning about the lawsuit against Comrie, I was a little shocked that he would use his position of power to make a statement before we have all of the facts,” said Russel Toomey, associate professor in family and consumer sciences.

Nadel’s letter to the faculty and the Chronicle of Higher education sparked outrage among some of the faculty. A letter was drafted asking Nadel to either step down or retract

COURTESY PATRICIA MAQCORQUODALE

FORMER UA HONORS DEAN Patricia MacCorquodale filed a lawsuit against the University of Arizona and the Arizona Board of Regents. It cited multiple incidents of gender discrimination, calling out former UA Provost Andrew Comrie.

his statement.

“Your actions are both inappropriate and premature because, using your own words, you ‘do not know the details and that is for others to judge,’” the letter, orchestrated in part by Toomey, said.

“However, you did judge.”

Nadel responded by dedicating the rest of his term to spotlighting genderbased pay inequities.

But for some like Nolan Cabrera, associate professor of Educational Policy, it was too little too late.

Cabrera said Nadel should not have spoken out on the Comrie controversy in his official capacity, and that issues like pay inequity and gender discrimination should always have been a priority for the faculty chair.

“The issues you see and experiences you have are the ones you elevate,” Cabrera said.

In the elections for the new faculty chair, Nadel was defeated by Jessica Summers, a professor in the College of Education.

For Summers, the Nadel controversy was the moment she decided she needed to run for faculty chair and give voice to issues and experiences that concerned her and her colleagues on campus.

“That Chair Talk spurned a lot of discussion, and that was sort of the impotence of my considering to run because I think that people wanted a change,” Summers said.

In the end, her colleagues convinced her to run. According to Summers, everyone thought it was time for a more diversity in faculty governance.

Summers ran on a platform of representing faculty interests. She said she believes diversity on campus and

in faculty governance, as well as pay equity, are key issues the faculty chair needs to champion.

“I think my platform was that the chair really works for the faculty and should have the faculty’s best interests in mind,” Summers said. “Sometimes, that means butting heads with administration if that is what it takes.”

As MacCorquodale’s lawsuit continues to wind its way through the courts, discussions on pay equity continue at the UA. Former College of Architecture Dean Janice Cervelli joined MacCorquodale in suing the university in March.

The UA is seeking an independent agency to conduct a review of its pay structure to determine if it is truly equitable and does not discriminate based on gender.

The Daily Wildcat • 19

Wednesday, April 25 - Tuesday, May 1, 2018

NEWS | TITLE IX

Title IX: What it is, how to educate yourself

BY DALAL RADWAN @DailyWildcat

Over 40 years ago, Edith Louise Starrett Green, a congresswoman from Oregon, sponsored a bill championing equity in education. That bill changed the rules when Congress approved an educational amendment to give girls and women equal opportunities in education.

Green’s fight for gender equity triumphed with the passage of Title IX in 1972. The bill impacted all walks of life for women. It not only helped in academia, but later expanded to athletics and more.

Even as higher education institutions are striving for gender equality, sexual misconduct persists, as do challenges to ending sexual discrimination today.

Flyers, brochures, online resources, courses, and information sessions are provided at the University of Arizona to educate students about Title IX. However, when asked about Title IX, some UA students have various reactions.

“What is Title IX?”, “I’m not sure what that is?”, “What should I know about it?” These

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questions are indicative of many people’s responses when talking about Title IX. With cases of sexual harassment and assaults around campuses nationwide, it is essential to look back at Title IX, what it covers and why students still fail to realize how the law can protect them.

What Is Title IX? With its passage in 1972, Congress enacted laws prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex. As per the law: “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.”

In other words, enforcement of Title IX should guarantee that students, regardless of their gender, should receive equal treatment and opportunities in any federally-funded academic institution.

Where to go for help The Dean of Students Office works toward supporting and equipping students with the necessary knowledge

to help them understand their rights and their authority to make decisions as suitable for their needs.

“We work with the Women’s Resource Center, CAPS (Counseling and Psychological Services) mental health staff, UAPD, and many other offices and colleagues to help students feel comfortable with reporting incidents to the Dean of Students Office,” said Kendal Washington White, the dean of students.

All new students, including freshmen, transfer, graduate and professional students, are required to take an online training for Title IX. The Dean of Student’s Office introduces Title IX to families and parents of freshmen as well, to ensure they realize how the law protects them.

What’s Available on Campus?

Students athletes, for instance, get presentations from Campus Health and the Women’s Resource Center during orientation week.

One of the compulsory courses for freshmen enrolled in the athletics department is SAS 100. Introduced in fall

2015, the course aims to educate students about consent and rape culture through simulations and enrichment sessions led by the Women’s Resource Center staff.

The athletics department also works with the dean of students, Office of Institutional Equity and Title IX offices, Human Resources, University of Arizona Police Department and Campus Health.

This is to equip them with the necessary knowledge of their rights and responsibilities concerning Title IX. Responding to Title IX entitlements As students and the UA community come from diverse walks of life, they have varying knowledge of Title IX. This impacts their understanding of sexual harassment and assaults.

“Unfortunately, some students are aware due to incidents in the K-12 system or have college friends who have experienced harassment, sexual assault, etc.,” Washington White said.

Students are expected to reach out and learn more about what the university provides and how that can help them.

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I 20 • The Daily Wildcat

NEWS | TITLE IX

Wednesday, April 25 - Tuesday, May 1, 2018

A LOOK INTO TITLE IX

BY RANDALL ECK AND SHARON ESSIEN @Reck999 @SharonshareB

Last September, the U.S. Department of Education, under Secretary Betsy DeVos, released a new set of Title IX guidelines, replacing requirements put in place by the Obama administration to combat sexual misconduct on college campuses, marking the beginning of the Trump administration’s ongoing efforts to reform Title IX rules.

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits sex discrimination, be it by exclusion or denying the full benefits of a program on the basis of sex, in all education activities receiving federal funding. This includes college campuses like the University of Arizona.

“This interim guidance will help schools as they work to combat sexual misconduct and

Colleges given more choices when investigating sexual assault, Title IX violations

The Obama administration found that sexual violence on college campuses was vastly underreported and nearly 20 percent of women at colleges are victims of attempted or actual sexual assault. These statistics prompted the administration to take action.

In 2011, the Obama administration released the “Dear Colleague” letter through the Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights.

The letter laid out college’s responsibility to respond to reports of sexual violence quickly and fairly under the enforcement of federal regulators. A follow-up letter in 2014 outlined in detail the practices and policies colleges should take to bring themselves into compliance with Title IX and combat sexual violence on their campuses.

Colleges no longer must abide by these guidelines and procedural mandates, as Secretary DeVos rescinded the policies and released new interim guidance that provide more options on how they enforce Title IX compliance on campus.

These new measures will remain in place until federal regulation is passed, after public comment and expert opinions are obtained.

Under the Obama-era guidelines, Title IX investigations were required to use the preponderance of the evidence standard when investigating complaints of sexual discrimination.

This standard is often used in cases of civil law, like Title IX or Code of Conduct violations on college campuses. The standard requires a lower degree of

A Win for Due Process Advocates

When the Obama administration initially released its policy, individual’s rights groups criticized the administration for attempting to directly control Title IX investigation procedures without receiving public input and for jeopardizing the rights of those under investigation.

“The April 4, 2011 ‘Dear Colleague’ letter had several provisions that FIRE and other due process advocates believe made it harder for students to receive fair hearings in sexual misconduct cases, and increase the risk of erroneous guilty findings,” said Susan Kruth, a staff attorney at FIRE, in an email.

Kruth pointed out many university campuses do not

will treat all students fairly,” said DeVos in a September 2017 press release announcing the new changes.

The new guidance is the first step in a larger effort by the Trump administration to overturn Obama-era interpretations of Title IX, receive public comment on Title IX rules and create new federal regulation to better serve schools and students.

Citizen rights groups, like the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE), applauded the change in policy, believing it a first step to increasing the equity of Title IX investigations.

Other organizations, like the National Women’s Law Center, worry the new guidelines will insulate the culture of sexual violence on college campuses. Below are in-depth looks at a few of the changes.

certainty compared to the clear and convincing evidence standard, often used in criminal trials.

The new DeVos guidelines labels universities using either of the two standards as compliant with their obligations under Title IX. Both the DeVos and Obama guidelines require schools to provide equal rights to the person filing the complaint of sex discrimination and the individual under investigation. Both parties must be informed of the investigation and have a right to present evidence to an investigator and provide witnesses.

While the Obama guidelines required this equality to give both parties the right to appeal an investigation’s decision and recommended disciplinary actions, the DeVos guidelines allow schools to only provide individuals under investigation for violating Title IX the option of an appeal.

The Obama guidelines recommended not allowing direct cross-examination, where the individual under investigation can directly challenge or question the person who filed the complaint against them as part of an investigation.

The DeVos guidelines recommend allowing crossexamination and required both parties be given the option to cross-examine.

Obama guidelines prevented schools from attempting to mediate sexual violence complaints without an investigation. The DeVos policy allows colleges the option of mediation if voluntarily agreed to by both parties.

The Obama and DeVos guidelines also differ on issues of investigation timeframes, confidentiality and on interim measures to protect individuals who report Title IX violations.

Schools still must provide individuals information on

guarantee the presumption of innocence, the right to cross-examine witnesses, the right to an an attorney and other procedures she said safeguard student and faculty rights during investigations.

“At some schools, a heightened standard of proof like ‘clear and convincing evidence’ was the only meaningful protection accused students had against erroneous guilty findings,” Kruth said.

Organizations like FIRE pushed back against the new policies based on these perceived due process violations, culminating with their annulment by the Trump administration.

FIRE’s efforts, according to Kruth, are not meant to undermine Title IX or support sex discrimination.

“It is clear that sexual harassment and assault do

U.S. DEPT. OF EDUCATION/WIKIMEDIA

BETSY DEVOS, U.S. SECRETARY OF EDUCATION

Title IX rights and investigation procedures. They must investigate complaints of sex discrimination and sexual violence with the permission of the individual who filed the complaint.

Schools still must take prompt and effective steps to end sexual misconduct on campus under both guidelines. happen, and no matter how often they happen, schools should be working to reduce the problem and take complaints seriously,” Kruth said.

Yet, schools should not impede due process rights during their investigations. These two beliefs are not incompatible, Kruth said.

“It is also important to make sure accused students receive a fair hearing so that they are not punished when they committed no wrongdoing — too often this does not happen,” Kruth said.

Kruth said she hopes future federal regulation is created in a public arena and takes into account her concerns regarding the rights of those under investigation and also allow for the continued enforcement of Title IX on college campuses.

The Daily Wildcat • 21

Wednesday, April 25 - Tuesday, May 1, 2018

REFORM UNDER DEVOS Culture of sexual assault still a concern The prevalence of sexual violence on college campuses is a concern of both administrators and students.

Three years ago, the Associated Students of the University of Arizona launched the “I Will” campaign on campus aimed at “ending rape culture by raising awareness of sexual assault and promoting consent,” according to its campaign material.

The campus-wide effort, organized with the Dean of Students Office and others, has spotlighted the prevalence of sexual assault on college campuses, with 1 in 4 women and 1 in 20 men reporting being the survivor of an assault while in college.

“As students, it is our responsibility to step up and speak out against sexual assault and sexual violence,” said ASUA President Matt Lubisich in an email to students.

Many are concerned that these Title IX changes may impede the investigation of and punishment of instances of sexual violence on college campuses.

By creating a hostile environment

Colleges awaiting more permanent regulation After the release of the new DeVos guidelines, UA President Dr. Robert Robbins acknowledged the change and told faculty and staff in an email that the UA remains committed to creating a safe environment for all its community members.

“The University has implemented policies, protocols, and education programs to prevent sexual violence and effectively respond when it occurs. Those efforts will continue,” Robbins wrote.

Other colleges also appear to be waiting for permanent federal legislation to change their policies.

According to Mary Beth Tucker, the UA’s assistant vice president of Human Resources Consulting and Equity Compliance, who oversees Title IX compliance at the university, the UA has not changed how it investigates complaints of sex discrimination and sexual assault on campus.

“We have an equitable process

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for victims to come forward, these changes could perpetuate the underreporting of these crimes and make them harder to eradicate, according to a 2017 press release by the National Women’s Law Center’s Equal Justice Works Fellow Elizabeth Tang.

According to Tang, DeVos’ new policies advantage those accused of sexual violence during an investigation.

“People like DeVos like to pretend that Title IX is a criminal law that requires ‘clear and convincing’ or even ‘proof beyond a reasonable

wherein both parties have rights and obligations and the ability to provide evidence, statements, witnesses and whatever information they want to provide as part of the investigative process,” Tucker said.

When a student violates the university’s Code of Conduct, which includes provisions against sexual assault, the Dean of Students Office investigates the claims.

When a member of the university staff, faculty or contractors are accused of violations of UA’s NonDiscrimination and Anti-Harassment policy by a student or fellow staff member, the Office of Institutional Equity is responsible for investigating the complaint, Tucker said.

The Office of Institutional Equity provides individuals with information on their rights and services such as counseling, as well as conduct an investigation into violations, taking steps to protect individuals who file a complaint in the interim.

“There is no time limit for coming forward for an investigation, services or support,” Tucker said.

According to Tucker, the number

of investigations conducted by the office varies from year to year. The Office of Institutional Equity can make recommendations on employment status to supervisors and recommend sanctions if they find individuals violate university policy.

Beyond investigations, the office, which is internal to the university, pursues proactive and preventative policies to create a safe and welcoming environment on campus.

“We want to spend the majority of our time answering questions, fielding calls and talking to people who are experiencing something they are looking for guidance, support and clarification on,” Tucker said.

There is not one best way to reach out to the Office of Institutional Equity to ask questions or file a complaint, Tucker said. She encourages individuals to visit their website (http://equity. arizona.edu), call (520-621-9449), email (equity@email.arizona.edu) or visit their office on the ground floor of the University Services Building.

As for future federal regulation, Tucker welcomes the guidance to increase predictability and security.

NEWS | TITLE IX ww

doubt,’” Tang said.

Title IX is a civil law and victims of sex discrimination should not be required to meet a higher standard of evidence than a wrongful death case at a university, Tang argued.

Investigations cannot result in prison sentences, only administrative consequences, like suspension or firing. The clear and convincing evidence standard is a disproportionate standard to the punishments available, Tang said.

“These rules also have really damaging consequences for survivors of sexual harassment and violence,” Tang said.

These all create a hostile environment for victims bringing a claim of sexual assault, according to Tang.

“The result is that fewer survivors may file a complaint in the first place,” Tang said.

With an epidemic of underreporting, Tang and others believe these new Title IX changes could further exacerbate sexual violence on college campuses and not justly punish those accountable.

“Clear guidance is always welcome.

It keeps us efficient, it allows people to predict what will happen, it puts students in a position where they know what to expect,” Tucker said.

Tucker does not know of any colleges that have actually changed their policies in response to DeVos’ guideline changes.

The DeVos changes offer a window into the Trump administration’s priorities in Title IX reform. While some believe these changes will improve equity in campus sexual investigations, others worry they will prevent universities from holding individuals accountable for sexual misconduct.

Tucker said she is wondering what concrete changes future legislation will bring.

As colleges decline to alter their current policies, only the passage of federal regulations will reveal the true impacts of the Trump administration’s philosophy on combating sex discrimination and sexual assault on college campuses.

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Classifieds • Wednesday, April 25 - Tuesday, May 1, 2018

!! LARGE 5-9 BEDROOM HOMES - Pet Friendly - 3-9 Blocks to Campus!! Variety of floorplans to choose from. Updated homes, Energy Efficient, Large Bedrooms and closets, All Appliances included, Ice-Cold Central AC, Free Off-street Parking, 24-hour maintenance. Call today: 520-398-5738 !!! 6BEDROOM HOME FREE ½ month Rent - close to UA. Updated kitchen, new appliances, large bedrooms and lots of parking. Call Tammy for details 520398-5738. !!!! 4 BLOCKS to UA Mountain/Adams. 2 or 3 Bdrm/1 BA $870 to $1,050. 3Bdrm/2BA $1,400. Quiet, NO PETS, no smoking. www.uofahousing.com, 2995020, maglione@cox.net !!!!! 3,4,6 & 7 Bedroom Luxury Homes !!!! Close to UA! Large master suites with walk-in closets/ private full baths + balconies + 10ft ceilings up and down. Large common area. Granite counter tops. Free monitored security, free hi-speed internet and Cable 520-884-1505. www.MyUofARental.com !!!!! MY UOFA Rental !!!!! Only a few left! 4 Bedroom 4 Bathroom Luxury units available for August 2018! walk to the UofA/AC/ Washer & Dryer/monitored security alarm system/high speed internet & expanded basic cable/fully furnished! Call today 884-1505, or visit our website at www.MyUofARental.com

!!!!! OUR LAST 7 BEDROOM 7 BATH LUXURY HOUSE !!!!! Close to campus/AC/Washer & Dryer/monitored security alarm system/high speed internet & expanded basic cable/Fully furnished! Use of our gym and pool facility! Call for a tour today 520884-1505! Or visit our website at www.MyUofARental.com !!!!!!! LUXURY STUDENT Living – minutes from UA on 4th Avenue bike route – 5 bedroom homes across the street from Mansfield Park – Individual Leases $565/ month (includes furnished living, dining & back porch, High speed Internet), private fenced back yards, Call Cheryl 747-9331 and click on our website at https://universityrentalinfo.com !!!!!!!! 2ND STREET Houses – luxury 5 bedroom homes – student community minutes from UA campus $565/month individual lease includes furnished common areas and high speed Internet. Next to 3rd Street bike route. Zoned AC, washer & dryer, microwave, dishwasher, frost free refrigerator w/icemaker, range w/self-cleaning oven, alarm system, fenced back yard, Pets Welcome, lighted parking. Call 747-9331, stop by model/rental office 330 E Speedway and look at our website: https://universityrentalinfo.com/property/2nd-street-houses/

****8 bdrm house with PRIVATE POOL & HOT TUB!!!! Has 2 living rooms 2 kitchens, 4 Ba For more Information or to schedule a viewing please Call/text (602)-738-3190 www.UofA.Properties. Great Satellite House! 1487 E. Hampton ***4 BEDROOM HOMES available for August! Big Bedrooms, private parking, A/C, DW, W/D. Call 520-398-5738 +++++++ AVAILABLE FALL 2018 Luxury Student Living minutes from Campus: https://universityrentalinfo.com 5 and 6 bedroom houses from $2350/month (furnished common areas & High Speed Internet) Call 520-7479331 or stop by rental office/model 330 E Speedway today!

2BD, 1BA NEAR UMC. Beautifully landscaped w/grass. Central air conditioning. Private patio. Laundry &carport. Only $995/mo. 1412 E. Adams. 520-240-2615.

3 bedroom house + 1 bedroom guest house. In Sam Hughes neighborhood minutes from campus. Cool off in your own private pool. $2400 per month, house and guest house must be rented together. Call or text 520-6044228 for info

hey FreShmen,

5BDRMS FROM $450 per person. Available August! Call 520398-5738 5BEDROOM/3BATH AT ADAMS Street/Euclid Ave. Available midJune, $3000/month. call 520-9072498 5BR 4BA WALK 2 UofA $2795 Call 544-2727 FAMILY OWNED AND Operated 4 blocks to UofA, Mountain/Adams Area, Studio, one, two, three, four and 5 bedroom Houses and apartments $420 to $2200 per month.

No pets, Quiet, no smoking, <uofahousing.com> 520-299-5020, <maglione@cox.net> MASTER SUITE - 5BED, 3BATH home on Mountain and Lee. New Kitchen, Large bedrooms, fenced yard, private parking, 2 spacious common areas. Call 520-3985738 for more info PRELEASE FOR FALL: $1650/mo WIFI and ALL utilities included. 3BR 2BA home just 1.5 mi from UofA on a bike path. Adjacent to Reid Park and a short walk to Sushi Garden, Bisbee Breakfast, El Con Mall. Solar, Security, A/C, W/D, ceiling fans.

Large backyard with covered patio and misters, plenty of parking. Available July 2018, may consider short term lease. Text 323-363-5913.

VERY NICE 3BR 2bath house. Pima/Country Club area near UMC. Tile floors, A/C, washer, dryer, all appliances. $400 per room or $1200/mo. Available August 1.

928-606-3303 WALK TO U of A, $1350/mo 3 bdrm, 2 ba new AC, Appliances, Washer Dryer BBQ, plenty of off street parking. Clean and will be ready for move in on Aug 1, 2018. 213-819-0459

WALK to UofA Fall 2018! 3 Bedroom/1.5 Bath HOUSE $1350 a month AVAILABLE 8/1/18 for 1 year lease. A/C and Central Heating. Washer/ Dryer. Big Rooms. BIG Closets in bedrooms. Private parking spaces for 3! Great Storage. Big Kitchen. Dishwasher. Garbage Disposal. Free Street Parking for you & friends (no permit required!) Good, Safe Neighborhood. Call or Text Michael (520)440-5186

FREE RENT!! 9BED 5BATH HOME ON ADAMS AND MOUNTAIN. LARGE HOUSE WITH LARGE ROOMS! 2 KITCHENS, 3 FRIDGES, 2 W/D SETS, LARGE ROOMS, OFF-STREET PARKING. $550 PER PERSON BASED ON OCCUPANCY. CALL TAMMY 520-398-5738

INDIVIDUAL LEASES AVAILABLE in a 5 bedroom home just a few blocks to school. Large Private Bedrooms, all utilities included, offstreet parking, w/d, large kitchen.

All Male or Female houses. Call 520-398-5738

CHARMING MOVE-IN-ready 2bd 1.5ba townhouse.

Upgrades throughout, entertainment center, french doors, outside patio/fireplace. Minutes to UA and Pima West. Price to sell $119,500.

MLS#21806517

2011 SUBARU LEGACY in excellent condition, 1 owner, superb care and maintenance; 90,600 mi, perfect interior, $8,950 OBO; (520)300-0398.

White, Fully equipped 2001, TOYOTA 4Runner, 4WD, 241,000 mileage, leather seats. One owner. Recently been painted. In a great shape. Call 520.241.5046. Location to view: Tucson, 85718 $4200.00

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don't be late to the Party!

GRADUATE STUDENT WANTED to share large country-style vintage home for summer. 5 miles from UofA, trees, gardens, peaceful. $450/month 520-307-6343

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Short term leaSeS available 2 Study Center CenterS Pet Friendly outdoor FirePlaCe and lounge Fire monthly reSident eventS

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4 on-Site laundry FaCilitieS

65” Flat FlatSCreen tv with Free nFl Sunday tiX in every unit

1920 North 1st AveN AveNue, tucsoN AZ 85719 • 520.882.0061 • iNditucsoN.com

24 • The Daily Wildcat

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