100 days of Trump special edition

EXTRA: 100 days of Trump

THE DAILY WILDCAT Wednesday, May 3, 2017

100 DAYS

of

TRUMP A look at how the 45th president’s policies and posturing have impacted higher education, immigration, healthcare and modern civility in the 48th state

B2 • The Daily Wildcat

100 Days of Trump • Wednesday, May 3, 2017

OPINIONS

Dear America, the press isn’t giving up

BY LEAH GILCHRIST @leahcgilchrist

T

he day the phrase “fake news” rose to the forefront of the public eye was the day the entire field of journalism was redefined.

ZI YANG LAI/THE DAILY WILDCAT

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING JUNIOR AND DACA student Dario Andrade Mendoza chooses a book in the UA Main Library on Sept. 1, 2015. DACA students have faced uncertainty and fear since Trump’s election.

DREAMers look for sanctuary at UA Students at UA, not all undocumented, have called for the campus to declare itself a sanctuary under mounting concerns over Trump’s policy on immigrants

BY ROCKY BAIER @profroxy

On the campaign trail Donald Trump promised to deport the 11 million-some undocumented immigrants living in the United States. At his 100-day mark, he still has yet to fulfill those promises.

On January 25th, he signed an executive order meant to increase Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s (ICE) capacity to arrest undocumented immigrants who enter the United States illegally.

Within weeks of his inauguration, immigration arrests rose 32.6 percent, according to The Washington Post. Arrests included not only immigrants with criminal records, but also those who were otherwise law-abiding.

Trump’s early intentions for immigration reform was primarily limited to arrests, deportations, reexamining Obama administration programs such as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals and building a wall on the U.S.-Mexico border.

DACA is a policy created by Obama that began in June 2012 that protects undocumented immigrants who meet certain criteria such as entering the country before the age of 16 and not being convicted of any significant misdemeanors or felonies.

These protections include relief from deportation and the granting of a Social Security number and a work permit.

More than 750,000 undocumented immigrants are currently protected by this policy.

However, Trump expressed mixed feelings for the “Dreamers” protected under DACA when he spoke at a press conference on February 16.

“DACA is a very, very difficult subject for me… you have these incredible kids, in many cases not in all cases,” Trump said. “In some of the cases they’re having DACA and they’re gang members an-they’re drug dealers, too… The

DACA situation is a very difficult thing for me as I love these kids, I love kids, I have kids and grandkids and I find it very, very hard doing what the law says exactly to do and, you know, the law is rough. It’s rough, very, very rough.”

Noemí Salazar Mata, a junior studying journalism and Spanish for translation, came to the United States in 1995, when she was one year old. She and her brother, who was eight months old at the time of immigration, applied and received DACA status in 2012.

Before coming to the UA, she was at Pima Community College for three years because she couldn’t move on.

“In order for me to go to the U of A I had to be international,” she said. “I couldn’t be international because I didn’t have a student visa, so it was impossible. And I couldn’t be out of state because I wasn’t a resident, so I had to wait.”

Another pre-DACA issue included the tuition rate immigrants had to pay. Through an organization called Scholarships AZ, a United We Dream affiliate, DACA students fought to change Arizona Board of Regents policies and won in-state tuition at Pima Community College in 2013 and public universities in 2015.

However, due to other policies set forth by the board, some DACA students feel like the university has not taken their needs into consideration.

“The U of A has kind of set us aside,” said political science freshman Ana Laura Mendoza.

“Even though we’re students who are paying, I think that they haven’t really made us feel like students.”

An additional consideration for the university is another policy created by the January 25th executive order, which declared sanctuary jurisdictions across the United States unlawful.

The order cited them as causing “immeasurable harm to the American people and to the very fabric of our Republic.” If the

university were to declare sanctuary status for DACA recipients, the federal funding for UA could dry up.

UA President Ann Weaver Hart pointed out in a support statement on November 24, 2016 that the university does protect DACA students without having to declare sanctuary status.

She said this is because as students they are protected under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, or FERPA, which prevents the sharing of student information.

The Immigrant Student Resource Center was also created in August 2015 to help and is currently funded by student fees.

“Our support for them is unequivocal… The University of Arizona has welcomed and provided DACA students with all the support we can within our authority,” Hart said.

Despite those efforts, DACA students worked together with the National Immigration Law Center and came up with nine policies that universities could do within their jurisdiction.

Some examples are not allowing Border Patrol officers on campus, having “Know Your Rights” resources for families and creating a safe space for students and their families.

“Although President Hart has come out with a support statement, it’s just words that are not followed up by actions, and I think that students now more than ever need actions to defend them rather than pretty words,” Mendoza said.

“At the end of the day, sanctuary is just a title that you use to make a statement that this is a safe area,” she added. “It’s not so much as a title as it is implementing actual policies that would guarantee students a safe place, which I think every student is entitled to regardless of status.”

The Immigrant Student Resource Center cited by Hart is run by eight

DACA, B5

While we know this election season, and subsequent presidency, has been unlike anything we’ve seen before, the war between the president and the press has become one of the biggest challenges of the new administration.

The press has been critical of many presidents, and no president is exempt from judgement while on the job. The press looks to report to the American people, whether it be the good, the bad or the ugly.

So far, President Donald Trump has engaged in a fullon feud with the press. Trump’s press secretary, Sean Spicer, has barred media organizations from White House press briefings. The trend seems to fall with reporting that doesn’t align with Trump’s views. In February, the New York Times and CNN were both barred from a press briefing after Trump accused them of false reporting.

It’s become an act, where the president of the U.S. is interacting with the press like he’s in his own reality show.

The press, however, only wants to get out of the spotlight.

Our online society of clickbait and constant sharing on social media has caused fake news to spread like wildfire.

Now, let’s get one fact straight: Fake news is not synonymous with news that doesn’t align with personal beliefs and affiliations.

Despite our president’s claims over Twitter, we can’t rule something as fake news just because we don’t like it or it doesn’t maintain the rosy image he wants the American public to have of him in their head. It’s unfortunate the concept of fake news has turned into more of a joke, where people call well-reported articles fake news simply because they don’t agree with the content. It’s not a matter of agreeing; it’s a matter of reporting what’s right and truthful.

There is simply no such thing as alternative facts.

Coming up with alternative facts is simply another way of saying you’re lying to cover your tail.

It’s a symptom of the post-truth era, where emotional appeal matters more than the facts.

Since the emergence of social media, people have had more access to news sites, blogs and outlets that primarily focus on entertainment with only the occasional news story. Many millennials would claim their main source of news was Facebook or Twitter. The chance of seeing a millennial reading a print newspaper was low.

Claims of fake news may have drawn some away from outlets to which they were once loyal. Though for the most part, it drove people to go back to traditional media outlets.

Although Trump may claim otherwise, The New York Times saw a spike in subscribers following the election and the inauguration. Following the election, it gained a groundbreaking 41,000 new subscribers—hardly evidence of a dying outlet.

Traditional media from newspapers to TV and radio saw Americans coming in to get the news from the press.

While the traditional press may welcome them back with open arms, the battle isn’t over.

If people weren’t skeptical of the press before, having the president suggest the press might be lying has sent many others into a tailspin.

The presidency is a role that traditionally holds a lot of respect in the minds of the American people; they trust the words of their president. The president calling the press liars because they’re reporting facts he doesn’t like has been the test of the entire field.

That’s the battle the press will have to continuously fight in the Trump era. It provides a challenge to news outlets across the country that they’ll willingly accept.

The press acts as a check on the government, and therefore it is the duty of the press to report on their findings. They look to report the facts, not boost the ratings of a president trained in reality TV. As a journalist, the mentality surrounding fake news is simply exhausting. It feels as though we’re constantly battling those who are skeptical of the press because our nation’s leader is. The press made it clear in the beginning that they would report the facts, and if those facts aren’t as glamorous as one would want, that doesn’t mean they are fake. This all leads to burning questions of “how could you possibly want to enter that field at this time?”

The answer is simple: The field needs those who will tell the truth without seeking reward.

The war on the media between the president and the press has lead many to call both parties a sham. They’re tired of the stage show and over-dramatization of small details.

The American public should know that the press won’t give up on the them. They aren’t the enemy of the people but rather the enemy of corruption. They will continue to fight to get the facts and bring the most truthful stories to them, despite this era of fake news.

Trump’s budget to impact local art, culture

BY BREAGH WATSON @breaghwatson

President Trump’s first budget plan in March proposed complete defunding of the National Endowment for the Arts, along with the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.

Defunding these means taking money from PBS and National Public Radio, as well as thousands of theaters, museums, festivals, galleries and other places for artistic expression.

The NEA is an independent federal agency that provides grants to art organizations across the nation.

According to its website, the NEA “supports arts learning, affirms and celebrates America’s rich and diverse cultural heritage and extends its work to promote equal access to the arts in every community across America.”

As of FY 2016, the NEA’s budget of $147.9 million dollars is less than 1 percent of the nation’s spending.

One criticism is that the NEA funds programs that are elitist. The NEA addressed this criticism in a FAQs section on their website, stating that 36 percent of NEA grants go to organizations that benefit underserved groups like people with disabilities or veterans.

Sixty-five percent of NEA grants go to small and medium-sized organizations with small budgets.

The ultimate purpose of the NEA is to provide access to the arts to areas which wouldn’t otherwise have the opportunity.

Congress will write the official budget, so it is possible that Trump’s cuts will not be fulfilled. It is also possible that not every nonprofit arts organization will be directly affected.

However, there has been outrage by some at the Trump administration for its decision to cut funding for the arts.

The Arts Foundation for Tucson and Southern Arizona is a funding agency and provides direct funding and other services to artists and arts

NEA FUNDING, B5

COURTNEY TALAK/THE DAILY WILDCAT

A MURAL BY ARTIST Rock Cyfi Martinez on the Tucson Warehouse and Transfer Co. building downtown.

The Daily Wildcat • B3

100 Days of Trump • Wednesday, May 3, 2017

How Trump’s proposed cuts could impact UA research

BY HANNAH DAHL @hannah_dahl715

Faculty members say the recent budget cuts proposed by the Trump administration to federal science organizations could seriously impact the UA’s ability to do important science research.

“Scientists can operate on a shoestring budget but they can’t compete as well on a shoestring budget,” said Leif Abrell, an associate research scientist in chemistry and soil, water and environmental science.

The Trump administration’s proposed budget cuts would fall heavily on some of the largest providers of scientific research grants, such as the National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Institutes of Health.

According to the 2018 budget blueprint, the budget for the EPA would be 31 percent smaller than it is now, resulting in the loss of over 50 programs and 3,200 job positions. The Department of Energy’s budget would be decreased by 5.6 percent.

The National Institutes of Health doesn’t fair much better, taking a cut of $5.8 billion and facing the elimination or restructuring of programs such as the Fogarty International Center and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

If the proposed budget is ratified, it will create significant barriers for science researchers at the UA in the upcoming years.

Raina Maier is a professor of soil, water and environmental science who studies microbial communities in nutrient-poor environments, such as the Atacama Desert and Arizona mine tailing sites.

Her research is focused on developing ways to get plants to grow in these otherwise barren areas. Much of Maier’s research is funded by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health.

“I think it’s really important that we support the research agenda both at the federal level and at the state level, and we’ve had difficulty doing that in the last decade,”

Maier said.

In addition to appointments in several other UA programs Maier is director of the UA National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Research Program and the University of Arizona Center for Environmentally Sustainable Mining.

Some of the difficulties have rose from a decrease in the amount of state money given to the university for research.

“Many of us don’t have as much time to do research as we used to because we’re spread so thin, because we haven’t been able to hire,” Maier said.

However, the university also receives a significant amount of money from other funds, including grant awards for research, Abrell said.

Abrell has been funded by both the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health in the past. He recently began working on a five-year research study funded by the National Science Foundation focusing on detecting chemical, metal and microbiological contaminants in the water in southern Arizona communities.

Flat funding at the federal level increases the competition for grants, making it difficult to earn the necessary money for research, Maier said.

This impacts the amount of research the university can produce. Research however isn’t the only thing that will be affected by the proposed budget cuts.

If the amount of grant awards decreases, it could mean fewer jobs and improvements to the infrastructure of the university, as well as higher tuition, Abrell said.

According to Abrell, a decrease in the amount of money available to the university would, by extension, negatively impact Tucson’s economy. The UA is one of the city’s largest employers.

The budget cuts would be felt on a national scale as well.

“Our quality of life is built on the results of scientific research over the last 50 years and longer,” Abrell said. “Especially since the Cold War, the United States began investing heavily in science to compete with the Russians but

DANIYAL ARSHAD/THE DAILY WILDCAT

RAINA MAIER, A PROFESSOR of soil, water and environmental science discusses funding on April 18. Maier’s work focuses on environmental topics that may be jeopardized by the new budget.

the benefits to modern society expanded from there, either intentionally or unintentionally.”

Losing national focus on the advancement of scientific research and innovation could result in a failure to address the everincreasing number of critical issues, Abrell explained.

“I believe in the importance of science and innovation, in keeping the United States on the cutting edge in the world,” Maier said.

The research done by universities throughout the nation is providing answers to some of the world’s most pressing questions, such as how to feed a growing world population and combat climate change, Maier added.

“We’ll also fall behind other powerful nations if we want to stay competitive economically, [and] economics depends on science,” Abrell said.

Speaking of economics,

budget cuts to government research agencies could result in a refocusing of grant money to fund projects centered on applied science research.

While applied science research is important, it tends to produce immediate results and a clear payoff, as opposed to basic science research, which provides long-term, larger-scale results according to Abrell.

“The industry does very practical research that they think will pay off,” Maier said. “In terms of university research, maybe not all of it pays off in the short term, maybe it takes a long time to get a good payoff.”

Maier’s own research involves a long-term research study on a specific mining superfund site in Arizona.

Abrell said superfund sites are geographic areas throughout the country with serious environmental damage, usually

due to chemicals.

The Superfund program’s budget would be reduced by about 30 percent under Trump’s proposed budget.

“If that [program] was cut that would significantly impact quite a few scientists here,” Abrell said.

Several dozen scientists work with UA’s Superfund Research Program.

“With cuts at the state level and cuts at the federal level, it’s really hard to even keep up with what we have to do,” Maier said. “I think we’re moving backwards in some ways.”

Trump’s proposed budget cuts for 2018 are simply a blueprint and there is not currently a set date they will be put into action.

Before the budget goes into effect, it will need to undergo a long process of ratification and majority approval from budget committees in the House of Representatives and Senate.

Trump sparks engagement on campus

BY KATHLEEN KUNZ @kathkunz

COURTESY TAYLOR HUBBS

THE TURNING POINT USA club holding signs showing their opposition to big government. Though some students on campus weren’t always in support of Trump, a few have come to appreciate various aspects of his governence.

UA students show support for Trump

BY JESSICA BLACKBURN @hotbread33

Despite the seemingly vast majority of UA students—and college students in general—in opposition towards Donald Trump’s presidency, there is a significant portion of the student population that remains supportive.

According to Business Insider, a third of millennials aged 18-24 voted for Trump in 2016.

“I liked his policies, but I initially wasn’t supportive because of his media presence,” said pre-law freshman and College Republican member Harlie Dolin. “But I guess that was also kind of his appeal.”

According to Trump-supporter John Dalton, a political science major and Pima County Republican treasurer, republicans who don’t support Trump are usually under the impression that he’s actually more liberal, or dislike the way he presents himself to the media.

“He’s definitely not your typical president,” Dalton said. “I personally like that he’s his own man, and I’ve been in support of him from the start.”

Dalton spoke about meeting Trump before his campaign even began, explaining that it strengthened his support.

“Having spoken to him at one point about the issues, it was comforting to know that he actually knows what he’s talking about,” he said. “He’s not just spouting things off he doesn’t know how to handle.”

UA College Republican member Tim Falter, an optical science and engineering freshman, said he was

initially in support of Marco Rubio.

“When it was between Trump and Clinton I really started to support him more and more,” he said.

Dolin’s first choice was Jim Webb.

When he dropped out, she began supporting Ben Carson and Ted Cruz before she turned to Trump.

“I’m more of a libertarian,” she said.

“I wasn’t one hundred percent behind Trump’s original views but you’re never going to be one hundred percent in support of any candidate.”

Dolin liked Trump’s economic policies and when it came down to him and Clinton, it was easy for her to make the choice.

“As Election Day approached, my support kept growing,” she said. “I do have a lot of friends who, since the election, have been researching and liking at least some of the things he’s doing.”

Falter said the one thing he wasn’t happy about was “the whole healthcare thing,” but that he’s pleased with the way Trump is handling foreign policy.

“I’m very passionate about repealing Obamacare but I don’t like the way they won’t let it be tinkered with and not be seen by the majority in Congress,” he said. “In the Obama administration I think the world was more chaotic.”

Dalton also said that the President’s foreign policy could be beneficial for the country.

“I’ve heard the claim that building a wall is inhumane,” he said. “But just the mere fact that he said he was going to build a wall reduced the number of people coming across the

border significantly.”

Dolin, however, conceded that she doesn’t support all of Trump’s policies and actions.

Lately, Republicans and Democrats alike have brought many opinions to the table regarding Trump’s foreign policy, especially following the recent strike on Syria.

“It was a statement that what they did to their own people wasn’t OK,” Dalton said. “It’s not like he was bombing a city, he was going after a site that was known to have chemical weapons.”

Dalton added that Trump’s foreign policies should help strengthen both the U.S. and Mexico’s economies.

“My uncle in Mexico is independent and he was talking about how since Trump became president, the value of the peso has gone up,” he said. “Prices have gone up a little but Mexico’s economy will become less dependent on ours.”

Dolin said she understands why the majority of college students don’t support Trump.

“Of course you have a right not to support him, and I don’t want to change anyone’s views,” she said. “But the best thing anyone can do is just research everything.”

Falter added that learning how Trump has developed his positions over time and the way he speaks, were ways through which his support grew.

“The things Trump says that are construed as bigoted or racist, he doesn’t mean that way,” he said.

“In general I would recommend for people to keep an open mind and listen to everything in its own context.”

Whether you support or oppose President Trump, there is no argument over the fact that he incites a willingness to participate in the conversation of today’s political issues. As he is an unapologetically outspoken politician, students of all backgrounds and political preferences have been inspired by President Trump’s actions to leave any previous state of neutrality behind and speak up about their personal interests in our democratic society.

Millennials have made it a priority to be a passionate, driven and progressive generation. In a 2015 study conducted by the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA, 141,189 people at 199 U.S. universities, representing the United States’ full-time college freshman students, completed a survey for researchers to form conclusions about this age group’s general viewpoints towards politics.

The research showed that 59.8 percent of freshman students expected to vote in an election during college, and 40 percent said that keeping up-to-date on political affairs is “very important” or “essential.”

Out of this sample, 33.5 percent identified themselves as “liberal” or “far left” and 21.6 percent identified as “conservative” or “far right.” When comparing these numbers to previous years’ data, it has shown that not only is voter turnout increasing, but more young adults are connecting with a particular political viewpoint.

Shanna Nelson, a member of the state board for the College Republicans and a sophomore majoring in philosophy, politics, economics and law and German studies, said the organization has seen a big increase in political involvement on campus, as well as in the state as a whole.

“Membership has increased and more students are getting involved in the political process,” Nelson said. “College Republicans generally have a hard time with colleges being so liberal and they find it difficult to have a voice on campus. The election provided a platform for conservative students to be heard and express their views positively.”

Daniel Pressman, the president of the UA Young Democrats and a junior majoring in political science and Judaic studies, said he’s seen an increase in students and community members coming to rallies, such as the Women’s March.

“Our Facebook page has reached more people and our membership has gone up a little, but we have seen some discouragement among students based on the election results,” Pressman said.

This trend of increasing political activism among college students is reconfirmed time and time again. Records were broken during the UCLA study, reporting that 8.5 percent of freshman students said there was a “very good chance” that they would participate in a protest during college, 39.8 percent said it was “very important” or “essential” to

ENGAGEMENT, B5

B4 • The Daily Wildcat

100 Days of Trump • Wednesday, May 3, 2017

Churches surrounding UA remain OPINIONS Trump’s US is hopeful in times of Trump’s cuts likely to see another war

BY ZOE CROWDUS @DailyWildcat

In comparison to a semester, 100 days may seem insignificant; the first 100 days of a new presidency, however, can set the tone for the effectiveness of the administration over the next four to possibly eight years.

According to The Washington Post, as of April 20, Trump’s first 100 days of presidency have been long enough for him to sign 28 bills into law, deliver 24 executive orders, 22 presidential memorandums and 20 proclamations.

Regardless of who is the president, 100 days shouldn’t be long enough to change the way people treat each other everyday.

The UA and the surrounding city of Tucson contain a multitude of resources that contribute to welcoming and accepting a variety of ethnicities, cultures and religions in the community and nationwide.

Tucson’s religious community is home to a diverse group of faiths. At UA, there is a number of churches within four miles of campus which includes a United Methodist church, a non-denominational church, a Lutheran church, a Presbyterian church and an Islamic mosque.

Like many Americans during this time, those in the religious community are watching the first 100 days of Trump’s presidency and anticipating how their organizations and community around them will be affected in the next four years.

Trinity Presbyterian Church, located at 400 E. University Blvd., is a missionoriented church that welcomes a diverse group of parishioners who are focused on community outreach programs.

“Downstairs we house not only our food bank, but also a government agency where people can actually get food stamps,” said the Rev. Dr. Mack Sigmon, Senior Pastor at Trinity. “We have folks that are qualified by the state of Arizona to give food stamps, so people don’t have to go wait in line all day at the state offices.”

With budget cuts from the Trump administration impacting ministries like the one at Trinity, the Rev. Sigmon acknowledges the challenges posed to a mission-oriented church.

“What the parishioners are worried about is the state aspect,” he said.

“There have been some cuts in what we can deliver to homeless people to get them through the day or get them through the week. We can’t do as much anymore, because we aren’t getting as much from the state.”

As the pastor, Sigmon reminds his congregation and community that the church will continue its ministry even when facing adversity.

“The response to the cuts is that people are going to need us even more in this area, because where the government cuts back, we have to pick up the slack,” he said. “Every day here is a mission day. There is not a day that goes by that we don’t have homeless people sleeping on this property somewhere or people that are hungry asking us for food.”

The Islamic Center of Tucson may differ from Trinity in doctrine, but both organizations share a common goal: to focus on being open to the community and remain strong in their faith.

Taha Hasan, a senior engineering management student at the university

BY CLAUDIA DRACE @DailyWildcat

T

IAN GREEN/THE DAILY WILDCAT

SOME LOCAL CHURCHES ARE involved in community outreach programs. The Rev. Dr. Mack Sigmon, senior pastor at Trinity Presbyterian Church, said he is worried about state budget cuts affecting the programs they can provide.

and the Director of Public Relations at the Islamic Center, believes that though Muslims in the community may feel the need to be more cautious, the religion will not change because of a new president.

“People might be more cautious about what they say or do out in public or there might be people that spew more hatred and bigotry because they have been lead to believe that it’s OK to do those type of things, but overall Islam has not changed and will not change due to an election,” Hasan said.

The mosque has received an increase in negativity since Donald Trump’s election, according to Hasan, but does not discredit the overall acceptance of diversity in the Tucson community.

“I think Tucson is pretty unique because a lot of people here are from different faiths and different backgrounds,” he said. “It’s already a very diverse part of the country, so there is not that much bigotry and hatred, but I’ve seen it and it does happen to people.”

Hasan said a man recently broke into the center and vandalized the mosque.

“Negativity has increased, because we’d never seen anything like that happen here before,” he said.

In December, the mosque held a gathering for unity that brought many different religions and people of different backgrounds together to focus on the diversity that is present

within the mosque and the city.

“We’ve seen a lot of people that have stepped up to show that they aren’t bigots and [that] that’s not a representation of the entire country,” Hasan said. “There are a lot more people that are accepting and supportive of Muslims and the Islamic center.”

The event also helped educate community members about Islam and show that the Islamic Center is open to anyone.

“For most people that have that bigotry and hatred in their hearts, it comes from being uneducated and not knowing what Islam really is,” Hasan said. “They just know the headlines from the negativity that is out in the world. There are more and more Muslims out in the world and out in the community who are able to share our real message and I think that could be overall a positive effect coming from a very negative turn.”

Both Hasan and the Rev. Sigmon agree that their hope for the nation during Trump’s presidency is for people in the community to continue to focus on the importance of embracing diversity and treating all people equally.

Sigmon said he reminds his congregation that in times of adversity, it is important not to lose focus of human values.

“I think the focus is to live out what Christ taught us about caring and loving others and being welcoming to everyone,” Sigmon said.

he next four years of Donald Trump in office could lead to international tensions rising between the U.S. and other nations, and in turn cause a change in the demographics we see on campus.

Since Trump’s presidency, hostility between Trump and the leaders of other nations has increased, causing people to question the potential for the start of another war.

There has been talk about the potential for war between a variety of nations and political groups like ISIS, Russia, China, and North Korea.

How these wars would pan out is hard to predict. What would be the catalyst? Who would start the war? Who would be involved? Could we be on our way to World War III? What can be predicted, however, is how war would impact UA. We would see a vast change in student body demographics and funding.

I predict there will be a divide at the university between those that want to fight and those that will protest the war.

Our current political situation in the U.S. is extremely divided between the Democrats and Republicans. If we were to go to war against one of these countries, how the war would start and our involvement would dictate the public’s response.

Due to the polarization of the country, it is likely that the people who are right-leaning would choose to side with the war and would be more likely to enlist and repeat the historical patterns that we saw at universities during World War II. The liberal student body would likely reject the war efforts, similar to the university students during the Korean War and the Vietnam War. According to a New York Times article that was published in 1984, during the Vietnam War there was a vast rise in the amount of men enrolled at universities during the war in order to avoid the draft.

The political demographics at the university would be vastly more liberal than it is now due to the left-wing rejection of the war. Because of the skewed political views on our campus, there will likely be a lot of political protests against Trump and the war.

If there was another war, the gender distribution on campus would likely be weighted towards having more females enrolled than males.

There is already a rise in women in higher education, especially in STEM majors.

In World War II the women had to fill the typical male jobs while the men were away at war.

The STEM majors at UA would likely be filled with more females who would be seeking out STEM jobs in order to contribute to the war efforts.

Rather than working at factories, which were the former traditional American male jobs, these roles would be filled by more women.

This is partially due to the change in the American job field.

As we have become more globalized, we have outsourced the traditional American jobs and are now more focused on technology and innovation.

However, the quality of education could possibly suffer at all public universities across the country if we were faced with war. This is because money would be taken from education and allotted to military efforts.

If the U.S. was to become engaged in another world war we would see a direct impact on who attends the university.

College students would make the decision about whether or not to attend university, which would be directly correlated with their political beliefs.

The Republican, Trump-supporting male students would be likely to enlist, or at least not resist the draft. The male Democrats would have more adverse feelings about the war, making them likely to try to avoid the draft and being involved in anti-war protests around the university.

We would see a rise in both women in secondary education and in STEM fields, as they would have to take the responsibility of many male-dominated jobs.

A war could negatively impact public university funding in order to improve military spending.

Trump’s current international relations are showing signs that we could end up in another world war with the recent conflicts that have arisen between the U.S. and other nations.

Wildlife imperiled by Trump’s planned border wall

BY OWEN ZERAMBO @DailyWildcat

Of President Trump’s many campaign promises, none were as grandiose as his proposition to construct a “big, beautiful” wall along the U.S.-Mexico border. Such a wall, which would supersede the 700-some miles of fencing already along the border, would attempt to stop land based, illegal immigration from Mexico.

Establishing such a barrier has the potential to disrupt borderlands wildlife, such as the Mexican gray wolf, the pronghorn antelope and the nearly extinct North American jaguar.

“It would basically divide the wildlife populations and shrink genetic diversity to more of an extreme,” said Sam Chambers, UA urban planning assistant research professor.

The wall could also lead to issues for non-walking border crossers, such as the vast diversity of birds that migrate from Mexico into southern Arizona during the summer.

Factors like lighting and noise along the wall could affect their overflight and disrupt their annual migration patterns.

Even if measures were taken to reduce the impact on local wildlife, the amount of environmental devastation

caused by the construction and maintenance of the wall is expected to be vast.

“So you’ve got a large wall and a couple of wide roads on each side of it,” Chambers said.

“Anything smaller is going to be impacted by that because it’s just acres upon acres of unusable space with an impervious surface.”

In the past, attempts have been made to integrate animal habitat and migration routes with manmade barriers, such as with the wildlife crossings on I-75 in south Florida. However, constructing barriers that are crossable by large mammals, such as jaguars, also tend to be easily crossable by humans as well.

Because of the physical and political difficulties that would come with providing jaguar crossings, the Arizona Game and Fish Department have instead come to an alternate conclusion regarding the jaguar population.

“Our agency’s belief is that this region is not critical to the longterm survival of the jaguar,” said Mark Hart, public information officer for the Arizona Game and Fish Department in Tucson. “We believe [jaguar] conservation efforts should be focused in Mexico.”

While few disagree that a border wall will have consequences on local wildlife, until actual specifications for

MALE JAGUAR PHOTOGRAPHED BY automatic wildlife cameras in the Santa Rita Mountains on Sept. 11, 2013 as part of a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/Department of Homeland Security-funded jaguar survey conducted by the UA. Jaguar presence in the U.S. could be disrupted by an impermeable border wall.

the wall have been drawn up any guess of the potential harm that its construction may cause is currently speculation.

“It can’t be disputed that barriers, fences and roads limit the ability of wildlife to make

use of all available habitat,” said Hart. “But that being said, we already know that illegal immigration impacts wildlife right now.”

The flow of human migration is similar to that of water.

When presented with a barrier, immigrants simply find a way around it. Upon crossing the border through human smuggling operations, immigrants are taken to remote

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students and a grad assistant and primarily focuses on two functions: providing resources to students and training to faculty and staff.

Mira Patel, who serves as a College Navigator, indicated that the center has served its community well.

“Before, I had never really met anyone who was [either] undocumented or documented, which made me feel more isolated,” she said. “So I think having a place like this has been very helpful.”

According to Mira Patel, at least half of the 70 DACA students on campus have visited to facilitate its resources.

The biggest fear that many DACA students have is that of family separation subsequent to their parents getting deported.

“With the raids going on, you never know if you’re going to go home to your parents, if they’re going to be there or not,” Mata said.” Or if they leave the house and they get stopped or pulled over or detained or deported, that’s what scares me.”

If someone is arrested by ICE, the Tucson community of immigrants and allies will rally to get them free, sending letters and calling the ICE to let them know that they are not criminals, they have U.S. citizen children, they work, they contribute and pay taxes, according to Mata.

This alliance and unity among the community is a positive consequence Laura sees as a result of the Trump administration. “[The new administration] was a wake-up call, a cold wake-up call, but it’s definitely there and it’s caused a lot of movement,” Mendoza said.

“It’s shown an uprising of resistance, not being submissive and not conforming to what they’re doing.”

There is a lot of confusion surrounding the future of DACA under the Trump administration.

“Even though he says DACA will not be affected, I feel like there’s always that possibility,” Mira Patel said. “Also, even if it’s not revoked, what does that mean for my family, or if there’s nothing beyond DACA, how do I progress in this country?”

Mendoza agrees. “[It’s] almost like a limbo,” she said. “You’re not in a position where DACA is revoked and your status is now undocumented, but then again you don’t know if it’s truly going to stay or if the next day it’s going to be eliminated.”

That limbo idea is perpetuated by the April 18 deportation of Juan Manuel Montes, a young man who was sent back to Mexico even though he should have been protected by DACA, which would make his the first case of its kind.

“It’s just something I’ve seen happening with this new administration, how they’ve just... instead of actually helping and taking steps, their only solution is to deport,” Laura said.

Patel said she does not regret being a DACA student because it’s helped her become all of who she is now and has strengthened her sense of identity— one that would be totally different if she weren’t.

She said she’s more informed on pertinent issues and is proud of being born in Mexico. To Mata, her origin shouldn’t be the issue, it’s the rhetoric and dialogue.

“I don’t think a number and some documents should determine if I can stay here,” Mata said.

“You’re allowed to have your human rights, your social rights. A paper and a number, to me, doesn’t mean anything.”

JESSICA GONZALES/TUCSON ARTS BRIGADE

“LET THE LIGHT IN” mural on the side of Wig-O-Rama, located on Congress Street. The mural was done by Jessica Gonzales. There are a variety of murals in the downtown area, some of which are part of the Tucson Mural Arts Program.

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organizations in the region, like the Tucson Arts Brigade and The Rogue Theatre. The group would be immediately affected by the NEA cut, as it receives public funding support to then reroute to the region.

According to Julie Lauterbach-Colby, deputy director the Arts Foundation for Tucson and Southern Arizona, the NEA has funded almost $5 million into nonprofit art organizations in Tucson over the past two decades.

Lauterbach-Colby said that because each dollar the NEA provides helps leverage another $7 from the community itself, the arts provide close to $35 million in local money.

“I would say that the arts are important in a community because they serve as the very spirit of what that community is—how it moves, how it thinks, how it grows and breathes and sees itself within the larger context of what makes it special,” Lauterbach-Colby said. “The arts give a community a very personal and intrinsic understanding of what it means to be a community.”

Some well-known sights in Tucson are the murals downtown. The Tucson Arts Brigade is one source of these murals and other projects in the area and is one local nonprofit that has been inspired to act by the proposal to defund the NEA. According to Michael Schwartz, Tucson Arts Brigade president and muralist, the Tucson Arts Brigade receives private donations to fund its projects, and the organization’s funding would not be directly affected by the defunding of the NEA. Schwartz said the attitude toward artists is what is troubling to their organization.

The Tucson Arts Brigade has often done projects meant to beautify the space, but now there are plans to take a more political approach.

The Tucson Mural Arts Program has summer plans to create murals about Standing Rock and tribal rights. Some of their future projects include messages about domestic violence, rape culture and the border.

Schwartz said the Tucson Arts Brigade’s donations are

notably up from last year. There is overwhelming support in the community for the new projects.

“It’s kind of a metaphor for what is happening around the country,” Schwartz said. “You’re seeing house to house, neighbor to neighbor linking and organizing throughout nation, and we’re going to reclaim our democracy. It’s wild and beautiful. People are in total solidarity. I’ve never seen this in my life. In some ways this could be the best thing that ever happened to the arts.”

The Rogue Theatre has been a cornerstone of art and culture in the Tucson community for the last 12 years.

According to Cynthia Meier, The Rogue’s managing and associate artistic director, the theater would also be affected by the elimination of the NEA, as it receives funding from the Arts Foundation of Tucson and Southern Arizona and the Arizona Commission on the Arts, another agency that provides funds for arts organizations in the state. Though there has been a small increase of support from private donors in response to the budget proposal, it is not enough to sustain an organization like The Rogue in the long run.

The Rogue often raises important questions with its productions. Past seasons have included productions of “Angels in America” and other pieces of drama that are thought-provoking, controversial and emotional.

“At The Rogue, we end every performance with a discussion about the play we all just experienced,” Meier said. “People are introduced to new ideas and new ways of thinking about things. They sometimes argue with one another about human nature and circumstances. In an age when most of us live in our own information bubbles, these live community conversations are more valuable than ever.”

Meier encourages all citizens to recognize that the arts are essential to every aspect of community life, from economic success to the very life and breath of the community.

“Art—the making of art, the encouragement of art— endures,” Meier said in a recent newsletter. “Our goal at The Rogue is, and always has been, to create a theater that makes us all think deeply about the human spirit, so that we might ultimately become better community-members, better citizens, better people.”

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become leaders in their community and 59.2 percent expressed it was “very important” or “essential” to improve their knowledge of other cultures.

The data shows that minority groups have placed importance on promoting racial understanding and influencing social values, 52.7 percent of Latino students and 63.8 percent of African American students.

This trend has only expanded since President Trump’s recent travel ban, which was received with harsh criticisms over its unfair prejudices towards certain racial and religious groups.

Erica Cook, a sophomore majoring in anthropology, has been interested in politics since high school.

She said she has noticed that many students on campus are getting more involved in politics because of the recent elections, especially because they sometimes feel like they don’t have a say.

“I think that people are going to start to realize how democracy works and that subsidiarity is the way,” Cook said.

Through the use of social media, movements such as #NotMyPresident and the Women’s March on Washington have grown to astonishing numbers.

These types of movements are in direct response to President Trump’s revocation of federal transgender bathrooms guidelines in schools, his attitude toward women, etc.

In the Journal of Media Literacy Education’s 2016 study of “Political Engagement During a Presidential Election Year,” a 20-question online survey was distributed to about 200 college students in media literacy courses. The research suggests that news coverage through social media plays an important role in the decision of voters.

The study investigated how these students were getting their information about the presidential candidates and 95 percent of the sample said they used social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter to track a large amount of their news.

Also, a majority in the study claimed to take action in their communities primarily through the use of social

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“layup spots” that are only accessible by primitive roads. In these spots, border crossers will discard all of their used items from their trip over the border and dress in street clothes to attempt to blend in, in case they are stopped at any checkpoints.

“That can result in as much as 10 tons of trash in any given location over a period of years,” Hart said. “We’re talking everything from backpacks, water bottles,

DANIEL PRESSMAN/YOUNG DEMOCRATS CLUB

YOUNG DEMOCRATS MEMBERS POSE with Tom Perez at the Tom Perez/Bernie Sanders political rally in Mesa, Arizona on April 21, 2016. A photo of the Young Republicans was unavailable.

media networking. These actions included writing or signing a petition, starting or joining a Facebook group for a particular political cause, encouraging others to vote, displaying a political sticker or sign and or contacting an elected representative at various levels of government.

In a Pew Research Center survey, new trends were discovered regarding this generation’s popular opinion, one being that “millennials have fewer

deodorant, toothpaste, clothing, shoes.

Everything.”

According to the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality’s official website, it has been estimated that over 2,000 tons of trash are discarded annually in Arizona’s borderlands.

Currently, the ADEQ have partnered with other local and state departments and led efforts to try and clean up the thousands of tons of trash left throughout the southern Arizona desert, but the work is slow going.

Layup spots are often secluded and can

attachments to traditional political and religious institutions, but they connect to personalized networks of friends, colleagues and affinity groups through social and digital media.”

In the midst of a disconnection between the government and the public, a spirited generation with rising voices will put President Trump to the ultimate test in search for a satisfying balance of policies for all Americans to live by.

be found over vast distances. They range for nearly a hundred miles from just over the border, up through Pima County and the Ironwood National Monument, all the way into southern Maricopa county.

If President Trump’s border wall is built, there is potential for widespread ecological damage to the borderlands environment.

However, if nothing is done to control the flow of illegal immigrants, the same environment will continue to have thousands of tons of trash dumped into it every year.

Due to the partisan political climate and the fact that illegal immigration remains a contentious national issue, passing any legislation to try and solve the problem one way or another is going to be a long and arduous process.

Whether from the U.S. government’s actions to stop the flow of illegal immigrants or to somehow limit the environmental impacts of illegal immigrants themselves, it seems wildlife in the US-Mexico borderlands will continue to suffer.

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Trump has promised to ramp up deportation efforts, pledging to deport more than 11 million undocumented immigrants living in the U.S. Under the previous administration, Obama deported 2.5 million undocumented immigrants arrested for violent crimes.

Trump has since backtracked on his pledge to have Mexico pay for the border wall, a statement that stressed U.S.-Mexico relations.

In the latest budget, Congress did not appropriate funds to pay for the wall.

Nearly $580 billion was traded between the U.S. and Mexico in 2016.

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Much like the division in Nogales, the border wall separates El Paso from the Mexican city of Juarez. The 18-foot wall was built in 2008 as homicide rates in Juarez began to rapidly escalate due to violence between the Sinaloa and Juarez drug cartels.

While Juarez has since become less violent, the wall remains in place. Foot paths allow crossing over the wall with minimal interference from Border Patrol agents.

The cities still experience a social divide as a result of the physical barrier.

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Nogales is Arizona’s largest port of entry for Mexican visitors.

The town itself is divided by the boarder, the majority of it lying on the Mexico side.

According to a Cronkite NewsUnivision News-Dallas Morning News poll conducted July 17, 2016, 59 percent of U.S. residents and 69 percent of Mexico residents oppose the wall.

The Nogales Port of Entry sees more than $2.5 billion of trade between the U.S. and Mexico each year.

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Tohono O’odham Nation made headlines across the country when it declared it would not allow President Donald Trump to build portions of his proposed wall through their reservation.

Currently, a vehicle barrier runs along the border in Tohono O’odham Nation, a small fence, only a few feet high, that keeps vehicles, but not people, from crossing.

According to NPR, before Barack Obama emphasized border defense, 1,500 people crossed the border on Tohono O’odham territory. Today, that number has significantly decreased.

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The westernmost end of the border fence extends roughly 300 feet into the Pacific Ocean and marks some of the first sections of the border fence ever built between the U.S. and Mexico.

In 1994, Operation Gatekeeper built nearly six miles of the fence, beginning at the ocean.

Though the fence is legally accessible, Customs and Border Protection has never realeased detailed information about the location and condition of the wall. However, that hasn’t stopped some independent organizations, such as the Center for Investigative Reporting, from using satellite imagery to map sections of the fence.

From San Diego, the wall extends continuously for nearly 15 miles.

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Construction on the barrier between the United States and Mexico began in 1994 to curb the flow of drugs and illegal immigration into the United States. Since then, a barrier has been constructed along several hundred miles of the nearly 3,000-mile border

THE BROADER IMAGE OF THE US-MEXICO BORDER BARRIER

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UA international students feel impact of Trump policies International students, particularly from the regions around Korea and the Middle East, have felt the ripples of military posturing and foreign policy

BY SHAQ DAVIS @ShaqDavis1

President Donald Trump’s foreign policy and military posturing during his first 100 days in office has had a direct impact on the UA’s population of international students.

Among those who have felt the strongest ripples, though, are those from the regions surrounding the Middle East and North Korea.

Military posturing in the Korean Peninsula and the Trump administration’s two—as of now blocked—efforts to ban travel from eight Middle Eastern and predominantly Muslim countries has created an air of uncertainty for UA international students representing those regions.

Since 2010, UA has had an increase in international student enrollment numbers, and its most recent head count in 2016 had 3,964 students from 112 countries attending the university.

The UA Office of Global Initiatives has even advised students from countries implicated in the travel bans not to leave.

The Middle East Iranian immigrant, Alyeh Mehin, who also is a UA teacher and graduate student in the Middle East and North African department, said that she won’t be traveling this summer due to the executive order due to fear that her visa won’t be honored.

“Before the ban, they say they feel like America is such a home, the community where they are living, their apartments they would see it as home,” she said.

“After that there was always this question, ‘is this really home, who could kick you out of your own

home,’ so there’s this idea that maybe this is not home anymore.”

She said it has been the inclusiveness within the country that improves it. “We make this country the United States, all the great people from all over the world come here …”

Mehin’s fears were met with support, but particularly from Joanne Lagasse Long of International Student Services.

Lagasse Long was just one of the many people who took the time to meet with Mehin.

“I counted myself as fortunate enough to be in this particular place at this moment, I would say it didn’t affect me that immensely because I had the group of nice people around myself,” she said.

Atacan Atakan, a Turkish immigrant and graduate student said she’s found that a person’s nationality has begun to matter less and less. If you look a certain way, you’re automatically pegged as Muslim.

“Instead of perceiving the people [as] Iranians, Turkish, Iraqi or Syrian there’s this holistic perception like, Middle Eastern and if you’re Middle Eastern you’re Muslim automatically,” Atakan said.

He said for this reason there are increased chances there can be prejudice, discrimination and mistreatment from the executive order.

“It destroys the possibility to learn more about different people or to provide communication and negotiations, Atakan said.

North Korea The developing nuclear power of North Korea has the Trump administration—and the rest of the world—on guard. North Korea’s leader Kim Jong-Un has said the country would be ready

INFOGRAPHIC BY LINDSEY OTTO/THE DAILY WILDCAT

A MAP SHOWING ALL the countries implicated in President Donald Trump’s two travel bans.

to attack if provoked.

Trump called the country’s continual testing of its weapon systems the “greatest immediate threat”. He ordered an armada -or a fleet of warships- to the Korean peninsula.

“He seems to have made more provocative statements regarding North Korea, suggesting that he might be considering taking more aggressive action than previous presidents,” said Paul Schuler, assistant professor in the School of Government and Public Policy.

Schuler said the Trump administration’s strategy does have risks involved.

“It’s a higher risk strategy, in the sense by seeming to increase the probability that we’re going to attack somebody, particularly

North Korea, it does create the possibility that North Korea may preemptively strike in anticipation that we’re going to do something.”

He said that it didn’t appear the problem was going away without doing something different.

“I don’t think anyone was happy with the status quo,” Schuler said. “With that said we have the deterrent even if they did have a long range missile… if they ever fired it, it would still mean the end of the North Korean regime.”

If the plan did not work, Schuler said the consequences would directly impact Japan and South Korea.

The U.S. could also rely on China to pressure North Korea as its major trade partner.

“I think certainly pressuring China is a good strategy, it’s been the policy to try do that for a long time so it’s nothing new the Trump administration trying that tactic,” Schuler said. “What is new is that he seems to be trying to use other levers, such as tying our trade relationship with China to their activity or behavior with North Korea, which previous presidents hadn’t done.”

The risk in tying trade is the possibility China does pressure North Korea more than they already have, Schuler said. “Does that mean we then have to follow through with starting some type of trade war with China which would be more than likely unpopular in terms of the affects it would have on the U.S. economy.”

100 days of Trump, compared to the other guys Here’s how President Donald Trump has stacked up against the past four presidents in his first 100 days in office, using executive orders, vacation days and bills signed as measures

The First 100 Days

BY KELLY DORNEY @DailyWildcat

The first 100 days of a presidency, constituting roughly six percent of a four year term in office, are said to project the future of a president’s service; whether a president is gaining or losing momentum in terms of power and influence can be observed by the trends exhibited during this honeymoon phase of the administration.

The attention to the 100-day benchmark began with Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Catalyzed by the Great Depression, FDR wasted no time and passed laws quickly. Since then, it has been used as an easy way to compare presidential accomplishments.

President Donald Trump released a 100-day action plan to “Make America Great Again.” In this contract to the American people, Trump outlined his plans to restore security, protect American workers and clean up corruption in Washington. Now, after 100 days of work on this action plan, let’s compare his progress to that of his four most recent predecessors: Barrack Obama, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George H. W. Bush.

Trump’s approval rating currently sits at 41 percent, below those of the last four presidents; Obama recorded the highest approval rating of these men at 62 percent.

With disapproval at 54 percent, Trump has a disapproval rating more than 10 percent higher than his four predecessors.

A frequent target of derision, the number of vacation days a president chooses to take may vary widely.

Clinton completely refrained from taking personal vacations in his first 100 days, while President Trump racked up the highest number at 21. Obama was criticized by Fox News for being absent on vacation, when in his first 100 days, he took four off.

Executive orders grant a president the discretionary power to implement legislation and are suggestive of a president’s goals while in office. In the first 100 days, Trump will have passed over 25 executive orders; he is followed by Obama, who passed 19 executive orders at the beginning of his first term. President Clinton passed 13 executive orders, while both Bush presidents each passed 11 executive orders during their first few months.

In their first 100 days in office, newly elected presidents often rescind the laws, orders and programs set forth by their predecessors. According to the Consumer Federation of America, a growing number of individuals are defaulting on student loans and the debt owed by students now surpasses credit card debt in America. In response, Trump revised Obama’s guidance on student loan payments.

The new administration released a letter that will allow student loan debt collectors to charge individuals who default on their loans higher interest rates. This will affect seven million Americans who have loans through the Federal Family Education Loan Program.

Loans through the Department of Education will not be affected by this action.

At this point in time, Trump has rescinded more laws than any other president, using the Congressional Review Act. Many of these changes have been in regards to education, effecting grade school and college students alike. These changes have been made to implement requirements for college professors, regulations on state education programs, the coal industry, hunting regulations and a variety of others.

The first 100 days account for only a fraction of the work a president will complete in their term, and Trump took to Twitter on April 21, dismissing the relevance of 100 day statistics on the @realDonaldTrump account.

“No matter how much I accomplish during the ridiculous standard of the first 100 days, & it has been a lot (including S.C.), media will kill!” Trump said.

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@realDonaldTrump is reinventing OPINIONS the way POTUS communicates Lessons

learned from the 2016 election cycle

BY JESSICA SURIANO @suriano_jessica

President Donald Trump is rewriting the book on how presidents engage with the American people. Twitter, has replaced the White House Press Corps, and experts can’t agree if Trump’s social media obsession advances or impedes the creation of important conversations.

Jane Calderwood, director of congressional programs at the National Institute for Civil Discourse, said Trump’s personal Twitter account, @ realDonaldTrump, has sparked intense debate for sometimes being inflammatory.

“There seems to be a weird fascination with what he’ll say next,” Calderwood said.

Calderwood said she believes Trump’s personal Twitter account has not helped him expand the conversation of his policy, in part because Twitter’s allotment of 140 characters per tweet makes it near impossible to explain complicated policy positions.

She said while most elected officials often use Twitter to update the public on what they have been up to in the political sphere or to congratulate other officials or members of society, Trump “attacks people with Twitter” and his Twitter is “pretty in your face.”

Executive Director of the NICD Carolyn Lukensmeyer said for democracies to work, there needs to be discussions about key policy issues and budget allocations.

When candidates are trying to win the public’s vote, Lukensmeyer said, they often adopt a pattern of speech that is coined their “political rhetoric.”

“It’s widely understood that Donald Trump’s background is in the world of real estate development,” Lukensmeyer said. “So his earlier positions of leadership did not expose him or give him experience into the world of communication between a political elected official and the constituents which he or she is serving.”

She said because of this, Trump uses rhetoric that the American public are not accustomed to in regards to political speech.

Lukensmeyer also said Twitter’s character limit and Trump’s choice to communicate ideas about complex policies with the nation via social media has changed the nature of political speech dramatically.

BY AURORA BEGAY @DailyWildcat

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STAFF/THE DAILY WILDCAT

A COLLECTION OF CONTROVERSIAL tweets sent by President Donald Trump.

From his perspective, this method of communication gives Trump the benefit of engaging directly with his followers who are already committed to similar beliefs and ideas as him, and allows him to motivate and energize them, according to Lukensmeyer.

Bin Zhang, assistant professor in management information services, researches interests in social network analysis. He said in his opinion, Twitter can be a convenient way to communicate with the public because of its timeliness, but can become controversial if the delegation between the official President of the United States account, @ POTUS, and Trump’s personal Twitter is not clear-cut.

“In general, because of his rhetoric, many of his comments create a kind of debate or controversy, but at the same time create more opportunities as well, because it does attract people who share similar standpoint or political views,” Zhang said.

He said it’s possible that Trump’s rhetoric may trigger other people to use similar rhetoric.

Zhang said this trend is called “peer influence” in sociology and social networking. It means a group of friends will quite often share similar behaviors, decisions or attitudes. The trend can also be called “conformity in behavior,” according to Zhang.

In the case of Twitter, Zhang said, although Trump’s followers who share similar opinions may not actually be friends, they

are still neighbors in the social network context. Zhang has conducted “sentiment analysis” of content creators on Twitter, and found that people in the same “friend” networks tend to have the same sentiment toward messages being communicated online.

“The sentiment of Trump with regard to an international event, for example, can influence his followers, and consequently his followers will have the same sentiment,” Zhang said.

Sudha Ram is a professor of management information systems and is also the director for INSITE: Center for Business Intelligence and Analytics. She said she doesn’t see the influence of social media on public conversation decreasing any time soon.

“Social media is here to stay,” Ram said. “It’s a huge marketing tool; it’s a huge communication tool. Pretty much every celebrity uses it. Pretty much every company uses it. There are lots of opportunities for open communication through Twitter.”

Lukensmeyer said the NICD receives hundreds of emails and messages from members of the public who are distressed about the divide and polarization that has grown among the electorate in regards to political conversation.

For example, she said there are concerns in some messages about voters of one candidate or the other who still demonize and vilify each other.

While obstacles in public engagement are still present, Lukensmeyer said the country

seems to be growing an attitude of wanting to improve discourse and to conduct productive conversations rather than shallow ones.

“There’s a hunger in the country for people to have the ability – in a community, in a neighborhood, in a congregation – to actually be able to carry a different position on an issue like climate change or like immigration,” Lukensmeyer said, “but have a capacity to talk about those differences while still being fully respectful with each other as human beings.”

She said the NICD is doing a lot of constructive work around the country to help people understand why others might hold views different from their own. Teaching a person to listen to another long enough to grasp the entire picture of his or her viewpoint, rather than immediately try to change his or her mind, is an important facet of this work.

Calderwood said the best ways to have worthwhile conversations with public officials are to be clear and up front about concerns and to follow up with letters and oneon-one meetings.

“It’s OK to not agree with them, but they owe you an answer,” Calderwood said.

She also said the way people conduct themselves to encourage change on behalf of the public’s concerns plays an important role in how seriously officials might consider them.

“Yelling, screaming and throwing things isn’t going to give you an answer,” Calderwood said.

UA worked to tend to international students during Trump travel bans

BY KACIE LILLEJORD @DailyWildcat

Donald Trump’s presidency has been nothing short of watching what he says and does as though he were under a magnifying glass. People have met his election and subsequent presidency with either repudiation, open arms or perhaps, somewhere in between.

Among the decisions, many have been watching Trump’s move to instate a ban on immigration.

This ban, at the time it was issued Jan. 27, barred over 218 million people from the United States and rejected entry to all refugees.

People were stranded in airports all over the United States.

The ban was quickly blocked by a New York Judge, but any people who were abroad in any one of the seven countries affected by the Jan. 27 executive order, though they were U.S. citizens, could temporarily not return home. Many who were scheduled to travel were afraid to leave for fear of not being able to return.

In an email sent out to all students and faculty Jan. 29, UA President Ann Weaver Hart recommended that students and faculty postpone international travel until “this matter is resolved.” She further wrote in the email that the university opposed the executive order and that at the time it was issued, the UA Office of Global Initiatives was busy answering the inquiries of students, faculty and scholars throughout the weekend following the issue of the executive order to help those both affected and

SELENA QUINTANILLA/THE DAILY WILDCAT

INTERNATIONAL FLAGS HANG IN the Bookstore located on the main floor of the Student Union Memorial Center. The UA is home to a plethora of students from around the globe.

potentially affected by the order.

“We have also heard from University of Arizona students who are afraid to travel abroad, despite the legality of their visas and we are deeply concerned for the wellbeing and treatment of our foreign students, scholars, researchers and professors,” Weaver-Hart wrote in the email that was sent to all faculty, staff and students.

According to Joanne Lagasse-Long, the director of International Student Services on campus, there isn’t anything the university can do about the policies, as the policies are not their own, but the White House’s.

“What we’ve been doing is working with departments

and we’ve been keeping up information on our main website and messaging to students information as it was coming in,” LagasseLong said. “And then informing them afterward, keeping this information up to date.”

Lagasse-Long said they have had “more questions from students not on those countries’ list than from the country list” of the travel ban.

“And I think because it’s like ‘oh, what’s this going to do to me, can I travel to this country?’” she said. “It’s hard to describe or explain that the travel ban wasn’t in effect, but the concerns surrounding that and what that might mean [for] all international students.”

Lagasse-Long said the James E. Rogers College of Law put on a workshop and Student Legal Services held training about knowing one’s rights. Lagasse-Long also said the College of Engineering reached out to students and held a dinner with the Provost and the Dean to “remind them that we’re here for them and that it won’t change in terms of the support.”

“We will make sure that they feel supported and welcome,” Lagasse-Long said. “So that was the whole aspect about that because the countries listed on that [the travel ban], a good majority of them are in the College of Engineering.”

She said this was a great opportunity to

engage with the students and that she believed this form of reaching out “helped with what was going on at the time.”

“Our office was able to serve as a conduit and if departments had questions, definitely refer [their] students to us so that we could tend to them,” Lagasse-Long said.

She also said that they have worked on a “You Are Welcome Here” video, which many universities worked on across the nation.

“This is a university issue and we’ve been able to facilitate and work with a number of different departments to provide that

INTERNATIONAL, 10

uring the first 100 days of President Donald Trump, many college students, myself especially, have learned a lot about the type of power our presidents have.

During the election, many college students learned about the Electoral College and the role it plays in the election process. The process of the Electoral College continues to be brought up during Trump’s presidency. Before issues with the process were brought up this election season, many students were clueless on the meaning of the Electoral College and what it represented.

We’ve learned it’s a process.

It’s a compromise between the vote from Congress and the vote of the qualified citizens to elect our president. We learned that, in order to elect our president, there have to be 270 electoral votes for the presidential candidate. This became a huge deal in Trump’s first few weeks, especially with the controversial rumor of our voting system being hacked by Russia.

We also saw the power of protesters during the first 100 days.

The controversy still continues today and will continue throughout Trump’s presidency. We’ve seen many Planned Parenthood and immigration activists, and overall, American citizens have come out in droves supporting and protecting their rights and what they believe in. The first 100 days in office have shown that U.S. citizens will stand united to protect their amendments.

Trump and his chosen leaders have been criticized by young, college women. This demographic has criticized the White House for allowing a group of middle-aged men to make decisions about the female reproductive system. I also agree that we need more women in power to make these decisions, not men who feel that they can control our bodies.

Locally, we’ve seen how the travel ban affects our community.

We live near the Mexico border.

Protesters have formed a human wall to let the country know that they will resist Trump’s ban. We’ve read so many inspiring stories from the Hispanic families about how the ban will affect them and their neighborhoods. President Trump doesn’t seem phased by these protests as he continues to ignore the situation, showing his lack of understanding for human compassion.

Everyone has continually used the First Amendment to vocalize our support and to unite us closer to each other.

Although this is a major controversy close to home, we’ve also witnessed Trump’s power being demolished when he tried and failed to repeal Obamacare and his other failed attempt to create an immigration ban. We all witnessed the true power that Congress has.

Congress has the power to create and approve laws or bills, but they have to be approved by both the House of Representatives and the Senate.

According to Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, “these include the power to declare war, coin money, raise an army and navy, regulate commerce, establish rules of immigration and naturalization and establish the federal courts and their jurisdictions.”

Many college students were still fuzzy about how Congress was able to tell Trump “no.” It just took remembering what we learned in high school government and many public discussions to remember what exactly our constitution says.

Trump’s presidency has caused each and every one of us to feel a certain way. We continue to learn that he isn’t the only person who can make all of the decisions for the American people. We’ve learned more about ourselves, as well. We continue to learn what we believe is right and what we believe is wrong.

We continue to stand together and support each other.

Like him or hate him, President Trump still has a ways to go before his term ends.

B10 • The Daily Wildcat

100 Days of Trump • Wednesday, May 3, 2017

Tucson exibit supports Planned Parenthood The Nasty Women Exibit raised money for the women’s health organization after President Trump’s administration made clear it’s intentions to strip its funding

BY MELISSA VASQUEZ @DailyWildcat

Tucson’s Nasty Women Exhibit, which took place on April 14 and 15, rose to show support for Planned Parenthood and reproductive rights in a time where the current administration seeks to defund Planned Parenthood. Artists donated submissions to be displayed and made available for purchase, of which all proceeds were directed towards Planned Parenthood Arizona.

Planned Parenthood, according to their website, provides reproductive health care, women’s health services, men’s health services and some more general health services. Some condemn Planned Parenthood based mostly on the abortion services they offer, while others defend Planned Parenthood because they believe the services it provides are strongly tied to women’s rights.

The exhibit featured art themed around women and politics. Some pieces celebrated sexuality while others illustrated artists’ feelings about politics and President Trump. Event attendees admired and purchased art, enjoyed food and beer, listened to the live bands and engaged in constructive dialogue regarding Planned Parenthood and its mission.

The Nasty Women Exhibit in Tucson came to fruition when the executive producer of the event, Katya Karankevich, was inspired by the Nasty Women Exhibition in New York for the benefit of their own local Planned Parenthood center.

At first, Karankevich wanted to create some art for fun and submit it to a Nasty Woman exhibit, but when she found out that the submissions were closed for the Phoenix exhibit, she figured she would open one in Tucson.

“I was just so upset by the election results and what that would do for reproductive rights and funding for health clinics that I had to do something about it, so that’s why I decided to do this,” she said.

Karankevich, who said her background is in marketing and chemistry, said she didn’t have experience as a curator, director or producer, but still went for it because she felt passionate about reproductive rights. She felt that there was a need to show support for it in this way.

She started asking for submissions online and through social media, hoping for the best.

“Let’s see what the internet does to it,” she said about putting it together in the beginning.

She subsequently joined forces with Svitlana Malyukova, who spread the word and would end up being the curator of the show.

Karankevich said they started promoting the show online and posted flyers all over town, garnering more and more attention.

“Submissions started pouring in, people started contacting us on Facebook, through the website, through our email, wanting to know how they can get involved,” she said. “Our expectations were exceeded.”

Malyukova curated this show because she

INTERNATIONAL FROM PAGE 9

support to the departments and to the students and work together for that,” Lagasse-Long said. “So that video is also going out to prospective students, so students who may not be sure as a result of that whether or not this would be a place that they’d want to come.”

Students, meanwhile, have different perspectives on Trump and his travel bans.

Jian Jiao, an international student from China who has been in the U.S. for four years and is a junior majoring in electrical engineering, believes that Trump is crazy and overreacting and also exemplifies racism and looks down on women. “[Donald Trump] is very strict in China, so I don’t have a good feeling on him,” Jiao said. “But right now, it seems like he’s changing a little bit, so it’s hard to say right now.”

However, there are other international students who don’t necessarily hold the same views, nor have been affected by the travel ban too significantly.

“It hasn’t affected me [because] I live three hours away from here, so I just drive and go through the border,” said Adriana Ruy Sanchez, an incoming junior studying agriculture and business. “It’s the same thing; it hasn’t affected me. But I know some other countries, it has affected them, but for me it hasn’t at all, so that’s good.”

However, Ruy Sanchez said her father is in agriculture and through that business, they send products to the United States, so the ban could potentially harm them. For now, though, she said it hasn’t affected her family at all.

Mohammed Alkhalifah, a freshman majoring in engineering, praised Trump’s immigration ban.

“I don’t think that [Donald Trump] affected me,” Alkhalifah said. “I think that he is doing whatever he can for his country; like stopping some countries from getting into the U.S. For example, he is doing it to protect his country.”

He said utilizing different approaches to dealing with problems may help Trump in the future.

“Sometimes he is rude and says unnecessary things; that’s the bad thing that most people don’t like about him and I don’t like that about him too,” Alkhalifah said.

Updated information for travel immigration updates can be found at the Office of Global Initiatives’s website.

REBECCA NOBLE/THE DAILY WILDCAT

SATIRICAL ART DEPICTING PRESIDENT Donald Trump crowds the walls during the “Nasty Women Exhibit” at Borderlands Brewing Company on April 15. Hundreds of pieces of donated art were sold to Tucsonans with 100 percent of the proceeds going to benefit Planned Parenthood.

loves Planned Parenthood and felt that the Nasty Women exhibit expresses that love.

She said she has been to Planned Parenthood many times in the past 10 years and none of those visits were for abortion— there are a variety of services the public can receive there.

Malyukova is against Trump’s wishes to defund Planned Parenthood.

“I believe he should leave them alone, because we love [Planned Parenthood] and we need them,” Malyukova said. “Not just love, but need Planned Parenthood. I personally need Planned Parenthood in my life. And everybody else needs them, but I can only speak for myself.”

Planned Parenthood Arizona was present at the event and received the donations for the artwork purchased along with lots of support.

Edna Meza Aguirre, the regional associate development director of Planned Parenthood Arizona, was ecstatic about the event and everything it stood for. She said it sends a message of the strength for Planned Parenthood and that they’re not going anywhere.

“For individuals who might think ‘Oh my god, poor Planned Parenthood,’ let me make this clear: we are very proud to keep our doors open,” Meza Aguirre said. “We have every intention to continue to keep our doors open. And we will continue to work with community collaborators who believe in our work so we can serve our patients.”

She also said Planned Parenthood plans to stay strong despite President Trump’s intent to

defund it.

Many of the artists who submitted to the exhibit felt strongly about Planned Parenthood and reproductive health and wanted to help in the way they knew best: by creating art.

Lisa Polito, one of the attendees at the Nasty Women Exhibition, was there because she wanted to see the art and its expression in action.

“I came to see the artwork that is in resistance to the Trump administration, and I think art is one of the most expressive ways that we can express our resistance to politics,” she said.

She said the election results of 2016 were nightmarish.

“Words fail me,” Polito said. “It’s devastating to women’s rights, and Trump’s attitude towards reproductive rights is taking us back to the 19th century. It’s eroding the value of women in our culture and the autonomy that women have fought so long and hard to achieve.”

Polito said events like these where you can see art about sexuality, gender and politics is helpful for younger generations of women because it opens their eyes to the reality of misogyny.

“I think that younger generations of women has, up until the Trump administration, taken for granted women’s rights and a sense of feminist equality, and under the Trump administration, all of those illusions are being violently ripped away,” Polito said. “The reality that women are not equal and haven’t been equal, [and] are now being made less equal, is being put right in your face.”

Sean Murphy, one of the featured artists, is a physician who stands for the message of the Nasty Women Exhibition and supports both women’s rights and reproductive rights. He also believes that men should support feminism because it benefits everyone.

“I think that women’s health is a sensitive issue that should be left between physicians—I am a physician—and patients,” Murphy said. “I don’t think Trump or anyone in the government has the training or the understanding of what it means to deliver health care.”

He said events like this are good for setting society in the right direction, as well as supporting Planned Parenthood and art.

“But most importantly, the fact that that [this event] can raise the money for Planned Parenthood is so essential for people and women in Tucson, and whatever people can do to make that happen, whether [through] shock value or beautiful art, I say is awesome,” Murphy said.

Jasmine Upton, a young feminist artist who donated 10 pieces of her art to the exhibition, said she was very excited when she found out about the event, especially when she learned that all of the proceeds are going to Planned Parenthood.

“It is really important for our community to get together, and with [Trump] defunding us, I think that it’s really important, you know, to get together and fight for what we stand for, as women but as people in general,” she said. “We need to help each other out.”

Students voice their opinions on Trump’s views, policies on women

BY SAVANAH MODESITT @DailyWildcat

The UA campus is not immune to the political controversy that has taken place over the nation this past year. Students have a variety of opinions over the election of Donald Trump and his administration’s attitude toward women.

Emily Levine, a sophomore majoring in psychology, voiced her concerns about the new president and his agenda for the next four years.

“I am not happy at all with the Trump administration; I even sobbed on election night,” Levine said. “Their policies are threatening to many people, especially women.

It feels like we are taking steps back in equality and we aren’t progressing as a nation.”

During Trump’s campaign and presidency, he made remarks about women that offended many nationwide.

“When I hear Trump say ‘no one respects women more than me,’ it really bothers me because his policies totally contradict what he is saying,” Levine said.

Since Trump’s inauguration, some UA students have faced a social divide in politics between their friends and family. With different perspectives on Trump’s accomplishments during this first 100 days, students are still anticipating what the president and his cabinet plan to do next.

Jack O’Sullivan, a freshman majoring in political science, explained his hopes for Trump’s presidency.

“My best hope for Trump is to see what issues he should fix for women and that he focuses on helping the working class of America,” he said.

Riccy Partida, a senior pursuing visual communications with an emphasis in design, said that as a woman and student at UA, she voiced her concerns about Trump’s

MICHELLE TOMASZKOWICZ/THE DAILY WILDCAT

EMILY LEVINE

demeanor towards women.

“From what I’ve noticed, I think the way Trump addresses women is very unprofessional and kind of degrading,” she said. “He lacks basic respect for women, so I’m not sure what he could do for woman’s rights.”

Partida also mentioned how the Trump presidency might have changed the mindsets among many UA students.

“I would say everyone’s perspective and attitude is a little more negative,” Partida said.

“People on campus and even around town have lost hope of the United States progressing and people aren’t happy about it.”

Lately, Trump’s administration has been focusing primarily on the production of the wall on the USMexican border and the civil war in Syria.

“He has other priorities that come before the women in this nation,”

Riccy said. “If anything, women rights should be more important than other issues like building the wall. It’s important to focus on the well-being of the women in this country because women make so many accomplishments towards this nation.”

Brigette Villaseñor is a sophomore majoring in film and television and gender and women’s studies. She is also currently an intern for Feminists Organized to Resist, Create, Change and Empower (FORCE), which is a feminist internship offered through the Women’s Resource Center on the UA campus. As a member of the program, Villaseñor said her goal is to make students more aware of the safe space the WRC provides.

“With this position, I hope to open the minds of people to new ideas about the women’s movement,” Villaseñor said. “I’m constantly learning new things

about feminism, so at the WRC, we actively inform people about the movement.”

Villaseñor said the day after President Trump’s election victory was announced, most of the UA campus was upset and had “heightened tensions.”

“Especially with cultural centers at the UA, there has been a big push for activism and having more events for students to feel safe and comfortable,” Villaseñor said.

Lili Steffen, a senior majoring in sociology and another FORCE intern, said she hopes Trump listens to the Americans who feel oppressed.

Some UA women have advocated for women’s rights through protests and active organizations like FORCE to express themselves within the community. With numerous women’s rights protests across the nation, their message is quickly spreading.

The Daily Wildcat • B11

100 Days of Trump • Wednesday, May 3, 2017

Access, diversity at risk in higher ed. legislation From K-12 school vouchers to school loan debt, the legislative agendas of Congress and the Trump administration could prove to be adverse for students

BY RANDALL ECK @reck999

Following the 2016 election, the Republican Party gained majority control of the 115th Congress as well as put a president in the White House, providing a prime opportunity to advance their own agenda, like thenPresident Barack Obama and his cabinet did in 2008.

In addition to the amalgamation of issues facing Congress including health care and tax policy, Congress must make critical decisions regarding higher education.

So far, President Donald Trump has signed two Congressional bills into law which retract Obama-era regulations on teacher preparation standards and state educational accountability requirements.

“The Bush era had No Child Left Behind, the Obama era had Race to the Top, but I don’t know what the Trump administration will create just yet,” said Kevin Henry, Assistant Professor within UA’s Educational Policy Studies and Practice Department.

Privatizing K-12 Education Although, based on Trump’s campaign rhetoric and outspoken congressional support, Henry believes an expansion of school voucher programs at the K-12 level will occur alongside a move toward privatized education.

As a concept, the voucher system does not have an inherently negative impact on higher education. In reality, however, it could drastically affect the number and kinds of students enrolling at UA. “With the voucher system, you are giving special preferential treatment to certain individuals because private tuition costs are often higher than the tax refund [voucher],” said Bruce Johnson, head of UA’s Teaching, Learning and Sociocultural Studies Department.

Historically, low-income students — especially those of color — have attended under-resourced and underfunded schools. The voucher system will continue to underserve these communities, Henry said.

Affirmative action is also a likely

REBECCA NOBLE/THE DAILY WILDCAT

THE UNITED STATES CAPITOL building just as the sun starts to rise and attendees file in before the inauguration of President Donald Trump, in Washington D.C. on Friday, Jan. 20.

target of the Republican Congress, members of which generally do not agree with anything that can be construed as giving preferential treatment, Johnson said.

“We will see a division in education, a gap that will widen in terms of educational achievement, attainment and access during this administration,” Henry said.

As a result of Congressional policy on K-12 education, diversity may decrease on UA’s campus as lowincome, minority, and immigrant students are not able or become too discouraged to attend university.

“In reality, if you don’t give special treatment to those who have not been given opportunity, you give preferential treatment to those who have,” Johnson said.

Federal Grants and Loans In addition to K-12 policy, decisions regarding Congressional funding will impact the kinds of students attending the UA as well as the experiences they obtain.

“Federal funding for higher education is typically in the form of grants to students and student support,” said Jo Holt, chairwomen of the Pima Democrat Party and a former researcher at the UA. Trump’s proposed budget makes sweeping cuts to the agencies which fund university research, and Henry believes Congress’ most significant impact on the UA will come through their modification and approval of government funding.

Federally funded research is an integral part of the work done at UA, and without federal funding, the scope of research on campus will diminish, Johnson said.

While the UA is actively seeking increased private and foundation research funding, the government is the only organization that has the capacity to fund the necessary basic research, according Holt.

Not only will research funding be impacted, but the budget will also determine new details regarding Pell Grants and federally subsidized loans

for low-income students attempting to attend college.

Loan Debt and Deregulation “We are really concerned about student finances because tuition and student loan debt is skyrocketing,” Johnson said. “There has been a growing concern and action against some of the private profit-making universities and how they were abusing the systems, students and federal aid.”

During the Obama administration, regulations were passed to protect students against predatory private colleges. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos, has sought to reverse some of these regulations.

“One of my worries with this emphasis on deregulation is it will lead to abuses and students who are paying unbelievable amounts of money for degrees that are worthless,” Johnson said.

Due to Secretary DeVos’s role in issuing educational policy regulations, Henry believes Congress’

greatest impact in higher education coincided with their vote to approve her appointment.

Deregulations are not inherently bad though, he said.

“I think some of the things the federal government was doing under the Obama administration were going too far and were over-regulating; some pull back is actually good,” Johnson said referring to the federal implementation of Common Core.

In conjunction with deregulation, higher education is becoming increasingly privatized.

“Several decades ago, the prevailing mood in the country was public education, including university education, was a public good,” Johnson said.

In the face of a student loan crisis, Congressional Republicans are moving towards an attitude which characterizes education as a personal, not a societal, achievement.

As a private good, if you cannot afford education, then you will not receive education, Henry said.

Not in a Vacuum “When we talk about education policy we are not just talking about loans and curriculum, but also immigration policy and health care policy,” Henry said.

Both immigration and housing and development policy are deeply intertwined with education policy because of their impact on students.

Trump and Congress’ specific policy “will be a policy that lubricates market mechanism in education, which is to say privatize education,” Henry said.

With Congress’ policies of deregulation and privatization, the mandate of UA to educate Arizona students may become more and more of a challenge as Arizona students cannot afford to attend the UA and federal funding to the UA decreases.

Henry summed up the implications of the current Congress’ higher education policy debate by saying, “This is a question about access and diversity, about how we envision our future and who has a right to education.”

REBECCA NOBLE/THE DAILY WILDCAT MALIK SHELP/THE DAILY WILDCAT

REPRESENTATIVES FROM UA CAMPUS Health Services said changes must be made to the U.S. health care system.

A SIGN READING “VISIT Nogales” sits high up in the hills of Nogales, Sonora. Rising tensions under the Trump administration have caused people who once frequently crossed the Nogales border to stay on one side.

Obamacare repeal may be Nogales merchants feel the complicated for students strain of Trump’s rhetoric

BY CHANDLER DONALD @chandlerjdonald

For the past ten years, healthcare reform has been in the forefront of presidential agendas. This came after an all-time high of 15.8 percent of Americans living without any kind of health coverage in 2006 according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation.

President Obama’s term as president saw the introduction of sweeping healthcare reform. In March of 2010 the 111th Congress made the Affordable Care Act (ACA) into law. While the ACA cut the uninsured rate to 8.6 percent, it was estimated to cost $1.4 trillion dollars in a decade’s time.

Since the birth of the Affordable Care Act, the Republican Party has made a strong emphasis on repealing Obamacare, as it was dubbed.

Now, the Trump administration is making concerted efforts to repeal the Affordable Care Act and replace it with the American Health Care act (ACHA). Though these efforts have not yet had enough support to make much change, Trump appears once more to be pushing for action as he closes on his first 100 days in office.

The introduction of the American Health Care Act has health professionals gearing up for a change in policy.

“The attitude of the entire staff of the UA Campus Health Service remains focused on student well-being,” said Kris Kreutz, Interim Executive Director of UA Campus Health and Wellness. “This said, the policy relative to health care in the USA remains anchored in large part through the continuation and broad influence of the Affordable Care Act.” While Kreutz is in favor of the Affordable Care Act, he does admit that it could use some revision. Specifically he suggested reform that would allow lower cost for

pharmaceuticals. The cost of prescription drugs are rising at a rate far exceeding inflation and the current healthcare policy doesn’t allow for a very competitive market, allowing companies to raise their prices quickly.

The most appealing factor of the ACHA is the ten-year projection done by the Congressional Budget Office, which predicts that it will reduce federal deficits by $337 billion over the course of ten years. The flip side is that in the same report, the CBO predicted that 14 million more people would be uninsured in just one year’s time.

Meanwhile, Trump maintains an optimistic outlook on his healthcare reform.

“We’re going to have insurance for everybody,” Trump said in an interview with the Washington Post in mid-January of this year.

So what will change from ACA to AHCA if you are a student? “he important considerations of providing for preventive care coverage, disallowing pre-existing conditions as a consideration for coverage and individual premium setting, allowing individuals to be covered under a parent’s health insurance policy until the age of 26, moving to a reimbursement system based in quality outcomes and reduced high cost environment utilization and continuation of the marketplace to obtain health insurance coverage, just to name a few, remain intact.” Kreutz said.

In terms of usage, Trump’s American Health Care Act will likely have higher premiums, meaning customers will have to pay a higher fee each month.

“As for the UA Campus Health Service and the aforementioned traits of the current national health care policy, we are largely supportive since we recognize that the U.S. healthcare system is unsustainable as it has been and must change,” Kreutz said.

BY ANGELA MARTINEZ @anmartinez2120

Many of President Donald Trump’s campaign proposals, like building a wall along the U.S.Mexico border and strengthening the Border Patrol are in the works, and many immigrants are acting with caution by deciding to abstain from crossing the border in order to feel and remain safe from rumors of deportation and danger.

The historic Morley Avenue in Nogales is lined with rows of stores like Kory Mercantile & Co. and Bracker’s Department Store, which were established in the early 1900s and have been run by family generations and descendants of pioneer merchants. Many middle class Mexican consumers cross the border every day to buy everything from milk, bread and eggs to clothing, televisions, computers, shoes, hardware, auto parts and more.

According to the City of Nogales website, retail sales hover around half a billion dollars annually.

Nogales is Arizona’s busiest port of entry among the state’s border towns. This allows companies to enjoy the advantages of accessing two different labor forces, tax systems and governments.

Laura Moreno has lived in Nogales, Arizona, for 40 years and has been an employee at Bracker’s Department Store for 13 years.

“All of the propaganda and media impacts our business a lot,” Moreno said.

She said she believes many businesses are closing in Nogales because 90 percent of the customers shopping on Morley Avenue are crossing the border from Mexico.

“They are afraid to cross because for any reason, Border Patrol agents might take their visas or passports and send them back.”

There were a total of 3,420,708 people who crossed the Nogales border in 2016, according to the Bureau of Transportation statistics.

Although the number of people he drives declines, shuttle driver Gary Vasquez believes everything will remain the same.

“The value of the dollar has never been the problem because sometimes it’s all the way up

at 22 and we are fine,” he said. “The problem is President Trump and his policies; some people tell others they will deport you and it’s just not true, they cannot do that, all people do is gossip.”

Vasquez has worked driving people from Nogales across Arizona for 19 years.

Since Trump’s election, the US dollar-peso exchange rate has had intensive fluctuation, spiking to 21.96 pesos equaling a dollar, according to a macroeconomic trends website. Moreno said many politicians believe Nogales to be a dangerous place where there are many casualties and violence in the streets, when in reality, it’s the opposite.

She lamented that the people who make their livelihood working on Morley will have to wait for the point everything closes.

“I hope President Trump will bring us work and improve the economy, I hope he isn’t so hard on my people and treats us better, because we have actually seen this is a critical situation, that there is something that people bring,” said Sara Osuna, an employee at a Nogales money exchange house.

Many in Nogales have lived long enough to see the border go through significant changes, with some remembering the time there was no inspection of cars or items.

“All our lives we have crossed,” said Susana Juarez, a frequent shopper from Nogales, Sonora.

“I think that right now, nobody wants to come, my sister and I just talked about it. We remember how crossing the border was before; you would come and go much easier back then, now they have check everything.”

The Nogales border has both options of crossing by car or by foot. When crossing into Mexico, Mexican border patrol randomly checks bags and suitcases of people entering, while the U.S. inspects and questions each person or vehicle individually.

The State Department issued an obligation for all U.S citizens to carry passports or border crossing cards for re-entry to the U.S. in 2009.

“Well, in reality, we still cross the border to shop because it is cheaper here,” Juarez said. “Who knows if it will change in the future.”

B12 • The Daily Wildcat

100 Days of Trump • Wednesday, May 3, 2017

‘Hang on, Donald Trump is working on it:’ Trump’s immigration stance feels safe for some Latinos

BY PHIL BRAMWELL @PhilBramwellMMA

Jorge Rivas carried a machete in El Salvador to protect himself as a teenager. His weapon was not a collectible item or meant to impress anyone.

“If you have a gun you have to be ready to use it,” Rivas said. “As a kid, I saw decapitated bodies.”

After managing to escape the worst conditions his homeland had to offer, Rivas is happy to trade in a machete for the frying pan he uses at his restaurant.

Today, Rivas owns Sammy’s Mexican Grill in Catalina, Arizona.

Even with a successful business under his wing, Rivas does not to use his earnings to visit his homeland.

“I do not want to put my family in danger,” Rivas said.

He and his brothers were exposed to that danger firsthand years ago while trying to escape civil war in El Salvador.

With Donald Trump, Rivas is confident the businessman turned politician has the solution to stop undocumented immigrants from entering the United States: building the wall.

Rivas’ current lifestyle is much different from living in constant fear before he escaped as a teenager.

“El Salvador is the most violent country in the Western Hemisphere,” Rivas said. “The level of violence in Central America does not compare to the level of violence in the United States.”

It can be challenging for people to understand the violent situation, but Rivas’ childhood gave him the knowledge to tell others how he feels.

“As a person from Central America, I know for a fact that millions of people have been abused, robbed and raped,” Rivas said.

On January 25, Trump has signed an executive order saying he will defund cities and universities that declare sanctuary status. That original executive order, in addition to a second order, are both currently blocked in court.

At UA, students have called for the campus to declare itself a sanctuary for undocumented students, but Rivas challenges students to think about why they

SAM GROSS/THE DAILY WILDCAT

BETTY RIVAS, COOWNER OF Sammy’s Mexican Grill with her husband, Jorge Rivas, shakes Donald Trump’s hand during a campaign stop in Tucson on Saturday, March 19. The Rivas’ restaurant recieved bogus phone calls for two days after Betty appeared on CNN on-stage with Trump holding a sign that read “Latinos support D. Trump.”

want a sanctuary campus.

“People think that they are protecting the weakest person in society, but it just helps people break the law,” Rivas said.

Casting his vote came down to a comparison between Trump and prior administrations.

“For the last 50 years illegal immigrants have been deported,” Rivas said, but he believes there is a different set of standards for Trump than people had for Obama.

Under Obama’s administration, 2.5 million undocumented immigrants were deported. Trump has promised to deport 11 million more.

“You already know in the back of your mind that if you get caught you will be deported,” Rivas said. “That does not change anything.”

The problem, Rivas said, is Latino

news outlets that have taken a decided stance against Trump and encourage a dissenting opinion amongst the community they serve.

But Rivas doesn’t think that people should be kept out of the country, in fact he encourages people who are trying to enter the country legally not to lose hope.

“The process is going to be ugly and bad.” Rivas. “Hang on, Donald Trump is working on it.”

Rivas’ restaurant experienced some turbulence after Rivas’ wife, Betty, who co-owns Sammy’s Mexican Grill, appeared on stage at one of Trump’s campaign speeches with a sign. It read, “Latino’s support D Trump.” The moment was captured on CNN and rumors began to circulate about the circumstances of Betty Rivas’ appearance.

“Some people said my wife had been paid to hold a sign but none of that is true,” Rivas said.

The restaurant received bogus phone calls for two days following the rally. Rivas says a Univision reporter told him the calls were placed by “paid subcontractors of the democratic party.”

Customers who ate at the restaurant in person during the following days stayed loyal to the business.

“Customers would say they do not support Trump but you have the right to express yourself,” Rivas said.

According to the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, other Hispanic owned businesses have been affected by Trump’s changes in trade policies.

“I have traveled to Washington

D.C. four times since his election to influence his staff and our federal delegation related to the north American trade agreement,” said Lea Marquez-Peterson, who is the president of the Tucson Hispanic Chamber of Commerce.

Hispanic owned business have experienced changes as the value of the Mexican peso rises or falls.

Mexican tourists help Arizona businesses stay open.

As for his mindset Peterson acknowledges Trump’s thoughts on Mexican people are generalizations.

“His tone and comments reflect his impressions which seem to be focused solely on drug cartels,” Peterson said.

However, the Hispanic chamber supports Trump’s administration overall.

Local artists capture adversity of 2016 elections Through posters, campaign protest signs and vegan taxidermy, local artists express what the 2016 election cycle means to them through their work

BY DAVID PUJOL @deathlydavid

From artistic expression by students to a well-seasoned collage and poster re-inventor to the unconventional vegan taxidermist, local artists have not lost their passion for creating in the era of President Donald Trump but have used their creations as a way to express themselves.

Artistic expression has always been a way to share one’s feelings about a subject.

It is used by people such as social worker Sharron Thwing, a vegan faux taxidermist, and Jimi Giannatti, who has degrees in history and African American studies and feels inspired and compelled to create something about the president’s character.

Even artists on much smaller scale, who just enjoy their artwork in school or in the doodles they draw while taking notes in class, express themselves, such as community member Avalon Isabella.

“I feel very worried about our country sometimes, but what I also feel is really inspired to continue drawing and making art despite who my president is and how he treats people,” Isabella said.

Thwing and Giannatti, two artists who recently participated in Pop-Cycle Shop’s Resist! Art Show, said they felt that their current leader wasn’t looking out for them or their best interests and in some ways didn’t understand what it meant to be them.

UA alum Thwing said she put much more thought and care into the works she had made since the election.

“I had an impulse to make things that are very soft,” Thwing said. “When we feel under attack or defensive or scared it’s a human impulse to get hard,” Thwing is working on new projects and plans to continue her art, venturing into new animal and even humanesque animal forms for her faux taxidermy.

“We have to hold onto being soft, and being more compassionate and accepting instead of becoming more combative and hard,” Thwing said. “I want my work to be softer and sweeter and gentle but not weak either.”

Thwing believes in grassroots movements.

“Now we are waking up and thinking what is important to me and how can I start to make that a big part of my life right now and make things better, not just for

IAN GREEN/THE DAILY WILDCAT

JIMI GIANNATTI, PHOTOGRAPHER AND the creator of Pop Narkotic, showcases some of his recent work expressing opposition to Donald Trump and his presidency. An expert postersmith and photographer, Giannatti uses Photoshop to process both his own work and open-source images to create compositions.

me but for everyone,” Thwing said.

Giannatti creates posters and graphic designs, and he said the president appalled him because of the way Trump spoke about certain people and how he intended to treat them.

Giannatti followed Trump when he was campaigning as a presidential candidate throughout the West Coast a year prior to him winning the election, attending rallies, speeches and hosting viewing parties to encourage the president to reveal his tax information.

“I’m focusing on getting people educated and get them aware with my posters and I want to make people enlightened,” Giannatti said. “Trump is trying to bring us back to that caveman mentality and mindset when that isn’t the

direction we should go in.”

Giannatti said an important thing to make note of is while there are people who agree with Trump, there are also a lot of people who don’t agree with what he stands for.

“As having a degree in history, I have to remind people that people show up; they protested, from the civil rights movement, the marches for the Vietnam War, not everyone was pro-Nixon or pro-slavery, and that minority voice that shines through in dark times is the reason we have Stonewall, but you need to show up,” Giannatti said.

Giannatti said he is putting together a book of photographs of the things he encountered at rallies, protests and events for Trump.

“I saw some of these gorgeous, brilliant, and very well thought out signs, and I’ve bought some because they have a value not money but just some sort of value,” he said.

Giannatti said he is grateful to be able to pay his bills by doing what he loves with photography and graphic design and he would love to have the messages in his art spread to larger audiences. He said what he is really excited about is that people seem to like his art and support it.

“I want people to realize politics is more than just political parties; it means compromise, and we need to be more compromised instead of just being opposed to people who are different,” Giannatti said. “I’ll fight back and he’ll continue fighting.”