Pearl Harbor Commemorative Edition

• Commemorative Edition • Wednesday, December 7, 2016

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DAILY WILDCAT SERVING THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA SINCE 1899

• Commemorative Edition • VOLUME 110 | ISSUE 44 DAILYWILDCAT.COM

Dec. 7, 1941

A DATE WHICH STILL LIVES IN INFAMY On that fateful day 75 years ago, 2,403 Americans died in a surprise attack that would spark our country’s involvement in a war that spanned the world. Of the souls lost that day, 1,177 died on the battleship USS Arizona, the namesake warship of the state we call home.

COURTESY UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA SPECIAL COLLECTIONS

The USS Arizona Mall Memorial “We remember the 1,177 who lost their lives, their 337 surviving shipmates, and all of their families.”

A2 • The Daily Wildcat Commemorative Edition • Wednesday, December 7, 2016

COURTESY DEAN KELLY, SKYPOD IMAGES

Commemorative Edition • Wednesday, December 7, 2016

The Daily Wildcat • A3

LETTER TO THE EDITOR

USS Arizona still inspires NROTC

BY ANDREW JACOB PENN MIDN 2/C UA NROTC

T

REBECCA NOBLE/THE DAILY WILDCAT

USS ARIZONA SURVIVOR LAUREN Bruner is greeted by Arizona athletic director Greg Byrne at Special Collections on Friday, Sept. 16. Bruner is one of five living survivors of the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.

Five USS Arizona survivors remain Survivors have passed along their accounts of Pearl Harbor to their family and friends, who are now sharing their experiences with others

BY ANGELA MARTINEZ @anmartinez2120

Five USS Arizona survivors of the Dec. 7, 1941 attack still live: Lauren Bruner, Louis Conter, Lonnie Cook, Howard Potts and Donald Stratton.

Edward McGrath, writer and friend of Bruner, met the survivor five years ago when he was interested in doing a documentary on the survivors. Out of the 13 survivors to which he wrote, Bruner was the one who contacted him back.

“There are not many people who can say that a true American hero is their best friend, and I have been able to do that,” McGrath said.

From that time on he has been going over to Burner’s house every Thursday morning, “rain or sunshine.”

After visiting with Bruner every week, McGrath said Bruner eventually became comfortable with him. McGrath noticed the potential for a much bigger story than the documentary, so the two have begun working on Bruner’s memoir.

“He has so much adversity in his life and he still gets up every morning with a smile on his face,” McGrath said.

“His ability to cope with life and get up smiling every morning is a very strong thing that I have learned from him.”

Bruner, who turned 96 years old on Nov. 4, enlisted in the Navy in 1938.

This week, both Bruner and McGrath are flying to Hawaii for a memorial celebration.

Charles Albanese, dean emeritus of from the Navy in 1967, with the rank of the UA College of Architecture and UA Lieutenant Commander. project liaison, met with Burner and Stratton had burns on over 70 percent Clarendon Hetrick, a survivor of his body following the attack. Despite who died in April, and was moved by that, he reenlisted and completed boot the experience. camp in January 1944. After serving “In a single word: inspiring,” Albanese out the war, Stratton went to work with said. “The two gentleman I met were deep-sea divers and was discharged in both in their late 1946 nineties. They were as a Gunner’s Mate, both very articulate, 2nd Class. very alert.”

On the day of the Albanese said he attack, Potts was believes there’s a loading fruits and great sense of honor vegetables for the that they are still crew. He climbed into here to remember the ship and helped and remind people with the evacuation of the horrific events of the sailors. Potts, that occurred. now in his nineties, “They each enlisted in the U.S. remembered in such Navy in 1939. He was detail the moments discharged in 1945 and that followed the —Charles moved to Utah with his initial explosions Albanese, wife. that killed the vast Cook was changing majority of those on UA project liaison clothes in front of his the ship,” Albanese locker. His Chief Turret said. “Neither of Captain came in the them could talk turret and said the about it without tears rolling out their Japanese were bombing them. He was eyes or stutters and pauses searching on the shell deck when the bow of the for words.” ship blew up. Cook, also in his nineties, All of the survivors have their own enlisted on April 3, 1940. memorable stories from that day.

“The story never got old for them,” Conter spent the weeks following Albanese said. “I think the memorial the attack helping put out fires and will give a sense of validation for the recovering the bodies of his shipmates. many years that they remained so Conter enlisted in the Navy on Nov. faithful to their shipmates.”

15, 1939. After 23 years, he retired

“

[The survivors] each remembered in such detail the moments that followed the initial explosions that killed the vast majority of those on the ship.”

he USS Arizona has an undoubtedly sobering and inspiring legacy, both at Pearl Harbor and here at the UA. All of the stories from her crew, living or laid to rest, bring out the most raw emotions in all of us. From the stories of Lauren Bruner to the Anderson brothers, their memories breathe life into this campus. We, the Naval Reserve Officers’ Training Corps unit here on campus, are no exception. The USS Arizona’s legacy inspires our unit to train hard and hold ourselves to the highest standards.

Our NROTC unit has been given numerous opportunities to enrich our unique connection with the USS Arizona. We held a private audience and had the opportunity to ask questions of USS Arizona survivor Lauren Bruner, the oldest living survivor and second-to-last man off of the burning ship. Each day, it is nearly impossible to not come across at least one piece of memorabilia here on campus. The Student Union Memorial Center was structured to imitate nautical architecture, sharing similarities with the storied ship itself. The clock tower contains the original bell from the ship. The central dome and staircase (interpretive of the main turret) leads down to a captivating water feature with anchor chains and rusting steel plates abstracted from the USS Arizona. And now the USS Arizona Mall Memorial, where we can almost walk the deck and know her crew.

Our Midshipmen are honored to have been more directly involved with the USS Arizona’s history here on campus this year on the 75th anniversary of the attack. This semester we were given exclusive first access to the library’s Special Collections USS Arizona Exhibition. On display were some personal belongings of the crew members that were salvaged from the ship.

These belongings in the exhibition fostered a surreal and direct connection to the crew as they showed us these Sailors and Marines were not so dissimilar from ourselves.

All of these opportunities serve as a reminder to press forward; to continue training hard and progressing during our time on campus. It is almost as if the USS Arizona and her crew are our namesake. Paying respect, we’ve begun to take up the crew’s rally cry, “At ‘em, Arizona!” as our own. We proudly wore this on our annual Army vs. Navy NROTC football game jerseys, perhaps proving its effectiveness by leading us to a 30-17 win for the fourth straight year.

Some days I spend time just sitting and pondering how remarkable it is to have this much history all over campus. I have my unit, and its connection to the USS Arizona, to thank for setting me apart from other Midshipmen in the U.S. It is that connection that will allow me the chance to attend the 100th anniversary and talk to my commissioning class friends saying, “I remember the day they put up that memorial on the mall like it was just yesterday.” Although I am just starting my Navy career and much awaits me in years to come, I’m sure one day I’ll look back and consider my time here as some of the most memorable years of my life. When I am an elderly man and that day comes, the USS Arizona is the biggest part of being a Wildcat that I will remember.

Mall memorial opens to honor USS Arizona

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BY MARISSA HEFFERNAN @_mheffernan

Small American flags snapped crisply in the breeze on the UA Mall, outlining the shape of the battleship USS Arizona on Sunday. Over 500 people attended the 3 p.m. dedication ceremony of the new USS Arizona Mall Memorial, spilling out of the 355 provided seats and onto the surrounding sidewalk.

The day’s narrator, GySgt Brian Tuthill, of the UA NROTC unit, started by describing the morning of Dec. 7, 1941 at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. As he finished, two fighter jets from the 47th Fighter Squadron, stationed at the Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, performed a flyover.

The crowd applauded and cheered as Lt. Cols Stephen Sztan and Dylan Thorpe roared over the memorial, flying east to west.

The UA NROTC presented the colors and hoisted the American flag high above the memorial as UA’s a cappella group Dolce Voces performed the national anthem. Tuthill said the flag, which will fly 24/7 over the memorial, has only flown in one other place— above the wreckage of the USS Arizona at Pearl Harbor.

After the crowd recited the Pledge of Allegiance, wearing everything from full Naval uniforms to the UA Pearl Harbor memorial football jerseys from earlier this year, Maj. Christopher Reeder, Deputy Wing Chaplain at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, provided the invocation.

“We’re here in remembrance of the date that will live in infamy,” Reeder said.

“We pray for those serving today, bless them and keep them safe. We also pray for peace.”

Reeder reflected on the fact that most of those lost on the USS Arizona were between 18 and 25 years old, the same age as most of the students at the UA. Stephen Evans, rear admiral and commander of the Naval Service Training Command, followed Reeder and told stories of the bravery and courage seen on the day of the attack, saying it was an honor to recognize fallen American heroes.

Imagine the smoke, the flames, the rush of torpedoes.

Think of the thousands of stories never told, the letters home never finished. Their sacrifice can never be truly measured ...”

LOGAN COOK/THE DAILY WILDCAT

MEMBERS OF THE UA NROTC prepare to unveil the 1,177 medallions during the dedication of the new USS Arizona Mall Memorial on Sunday, Dec. 4 for the sailors and marines killed on the USS Arizona.

“Imagine the smoke, the flames, the rush of torpedoes,” Evans said. “Think of the thousands of stories never told, the letters home never finished. Their sacrifice can never be truly measured, but it can certainly be appreciated.”

Evans said 23 sets of brothers died on the USS Arizona that day, and even more people lost a brother, but continued to fight.

“If you have the opportunity to speak to one of these survivors, take it,” Evans said.

After Brian McNiff, Fred Fox School of Music doctoral candidate, sung the Navy Hymn, UA President Ann Weaver Hart thanked all those who made the memorial possible.

“This installation will help all of us remember the sacrifice of the USS Arizona’s crew,” Hart said.

U.S. Representative Martha McSally spoke next, paying tribute to those who have served.

“We are forever connected, and there is nothing more fitting than a visible memorial,” McSally said. “We’ve got

to continue on with their legacy and honor them.”

After the names of eight Arizona servicemen who died on the USS Arizona were read and the ship’s bell tolled for each of them from the UA clocktower, the 1,177 medallions were unveiled, each bearing the names, rank and home state of the sailors and marines killed on the USS Arizona.

Robby Johnson, an active duty member of the Air Force, attended the ceremony because his grandfather served in the Navy.

Johnson, also part of three veterans organizations, the American Legion Riders, the Patriot Guard Riders and the Veterans of Foreign Wars, called the memorial awe-inspiring and breathtaking.

“It’s a great monument,” Johnson said.

“And as long as young ones take the time to learn about it, they won’t forget the sacrifices that led to this.”

Korean War veterans John Danner and John Warth were at the ceremony with the Fleet Reserve Association, which

—Stephen Evans, Rear admiral, commander, Naval Service Training Command helped fund the memorial.

Danner, who served on the USS Chourre between 1952 and 1953, said the memorial was fantastic.

“A college is the perfect place for a memorial because students need to remember the sacrifice,” Danner said.

Warth, who served on the USS Oriskany between 1952 and 1954, agreed.

“The trick is to make students realize what this is all about,” Warth said.

Marco Mariscal, a psychology junior at UA, thought students would definitely do so.

“It’s a really nice memorial,” Mariscal said. “I think it’ll be crowded, and that students will stop and read the medallions. I think it’s going to bring back interest in the USS Arizona, because the union is a memorial, too.”

The medallion plaza sits where the center foremast of the USS Arizona would be in the 597-foot long outline of the warship’s deck. Over 440 donors from 17 states helped pay for the cost of construction, which was around $150,000.

Commemorative Edition • Wednesday, December 7, 2016

A4 • The Daily Wildcat

BB-39: From New York to Arizona

BY SAM GROSS @samzgross

The pieces, personal effects and memorabilia of the USS Arizona that rest on the UA campus traveled a long road to get here. Arizona’s namesake battleship was

actually birthed from a shipyard in New York, christened by the daughter of Arizona pioneers and met its end after a nearly threedecade lifespan. Here’s a timeline of the ship’s life, from when it slid into Atlantic headwaters as a mastless hull to when its recovered bell first tolled in the UA’s clocktower:

Memorial just the tip of the iceberg

BY ISAAC ROUNSEVILLE @itsgonbezoppity

June 19, 1915 | Launched from Brooklyn Naval Yard Esther Ross, the daughter of an Arizona pioneer family, was given the honor of christening the ship. In honor of a recent ban on alcohol, the governor of New York decided a bottle of sparkling wine and a bottle of water from the Roosevelt Dam would be used in the christening.

According to the New York Times, roughly 75,000 people attended the launch.

Oct. 17, 1916 | Comissioned into the Navy BB-39 departed its birthplace of New York and headed towards Guantanamo Bay, Cuba under the supervision of Captain John D. McDonald.

April 6, 1917 — Nov. 30, 1918 | World War I The USS Arizona never saw combat during WWI and remained stateside as a gunnery training ship in Battleship Division 8. The Arizona rarely ventured into open water for fear of German U-boats and was always heavily escorted. When fighting ended with an armistice on Nov. 11, 1918, the Arizona was sent to France and joined an escort party of other battleships and destroyers taking President Woodrow Wilson to Brest, France for the Paris Peace Conference.

1920s — 1930s | Modernization and practice All was quiet for the USS Arizona in the two decades between WWI and WWII. Aside from being reoutfitted with more armor, weaponry and technology in the late 1920s, the ship was featured in the film “Here Comes the Navy” and hosted President Herbert Hoover on a Caribbean vacation. Primarily, though, the battleship participated in war games and sea exercises.

Dec. 7, 1941 | Attack on Pearl Harbor At roughly 7:45 a.m. local time, the Arizona’s air raid alarm sounded as Japanese aircraft from six aircraft carriers approached the United States Pacific Fleet, stationed at Pearl Harbor. The Arizona was struck four times with the final blow coming to an area near the forward ammunition magazines, the resulting explosion essentially buckled the ship. Ultimately 1,177 of the Arizona’s crewmen would die in the initial bombings and ensuing fires.

1944 — July, 1946 | Finding the bell Wilber L. Bill Bowers discovered one of the Arizona’s bells in the Puget Sound Naval Yard in Bremerton, Washington. In line to be melted down, Bowers helped arrange for the bell to be transferred to Arizona where it was eventually placed in the newly constructed Memorial Student Union Building. The bell rang for the first time from the clock tower of the union on Nov. 17, 1951.

2002 | Completion of the SUMC memorials As construction on the UA’s new Student Union Memorial Center came to a close, a battleship took shape in the center of campus. The architecture of the building itself is designed to immortalize the Arizona: the cylindrical cap of the union represents the warship’s main gun turret, the bell tower represents a mast and sail and the curved wall within the interior walkway represents the broad silhouette of the ship. The union also features a number of individual memorials, including an abstract water feature and a mast laced with 1,511 dog tags representing every person present on the ship when it was bombed— including the 334 survivors.

Dec. 4, 2016 | Completion of the Mall Memorial From tip to tail the USS Arizona would stretch about the length of the UA mall— right about from the steps of Old Main to just feet away from the cactus garden. As of Dec. 4, you can trace its length of deck with your steps on the newly installed USS Arizona Mall Memorial. A six-inch strip of rubberized running track material outlines the ship’s deck in the grass of the Mall and encompasses a brick plaza inlaid with the name, rank, hometown and age of each person who died in the attack.

T

he USS Arizona World War II memorial comes to completion just days before the 75th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

The monument, which is dedicated to the 1,177 sailors, Marines and workers who died in the battleship on Dec. 7, 1941, will be visible to thousands of students passing the Mall on their way to classes.

It harkens to a war that many U.S. citizens view as one of the few in recent history that fulfilled a national narrative of unified purpose. But what relevant message does this memorial give to UA students living in our current world of economic instability and unraveling political order?

Bill Westcott, the project’s organizer, spoke to the memorial’s purpose of “unburying” significant historic events for a new generation. But memorials of war should do more than just highlight isolated instances of US history; they must help citizens craft a narrative of their nation’s past and provide a sense of purpose when moving forward in an uncertain world.

When we look at the memorial, medallions of hundreds of young men whose short lives were ended in a surprise attack that launched the U.S. into a transformative war against fascism, totalitarianism and Nazism, what important message is given to our national narrative?

When reminded of the horrors of war, of the chaos and destruction it brings, of the arguably diminishing returns it has brought over the last few decades, what does a monument of fallen servicemen from World War II tell us?

To many, the memorial highlights indispensable sacrifices of military service members in securing fundamental freedoms. This is an ecumenical message that many citizens can laud and sympathize with. It is something that brings millions of people together during national holidays for armistice and fallen soldiers.

But is reference to the fallen—universally recognized as important—the only message a World War II memorial should give us?

In a time of increasing political instability and the ascent of demagogic populism in the West, young people need now—more than ever—a grasp of historical events that created conditions for a similar political unraveling over 70 years ago. U.S. domestic reactions during World War II, as it turns out, offer several instructive lessons to modern problems.

Michael Schaller, a UA professor of history, voiced criticism against the memorial. “We should focus more on the meaning of fighting against totalitarianism,” he said. “Making a public display of these names isn’t really necessary.”

When one reviews the political propaganda during World War II in the U.S., it’s easy to recognize a rising tide of distrust against U.S. citizens of different races, religions and nationalities. In light of this history, one cannot help but notice parallels to the increasingly paranoid and acrimonious rhetoric of rising populist leaders throughout the U.S. and Europe in the last few years.

Recall that in World War II, instances of totalitarianism were not just demonstrated by our enemies across vast oceans. This was a time when thousands of Japanese Americans, because of their skin color and national origin, were rounded up and interned en masse by the U.S. government.

This was not some ad hoc measure imposed by executive fiat: it was enshrined in U.S. case law through the Supreme Court of the United States. It granted our government the constitutional power to imprison those it deemed national security threats, even when the evidence indicated that they are loyal, devoted, innocent U.S. citizens. And as a result, thousands of Americans paid dearly.

The Japanese were not the only victims of crude stereotypes that were legitimated by government response to international crises. Millions of European Catholics were lumped alongside genocidal Nazis in World War II propaganda. Eastern Jews fleeing gas chambers and concentration camps were denied entry into the U.S. because of their supposed connection to Communist interests in Russia.

The impressionable mindset of a nation at war left it vulnerable to backwards thinking and destructive policy ideas. Given recent history, however, this tendency of Western governments is not just a relic of the past: it is a real threat to global security today.

With the rise of political figures in the U.S. and across Europe calling for immediate mass deportation, denial of asylum for refugees and the stigmatization of entire systems of religious belief, how distant are we from repeating the mistakes of our notso-distant ancestors?

The fallen service members of World War II led our nation through a transformative conflict that made the world a much better place. For that, they will always deserve recognition. But for this new generation of Americans, simply remembering a list of names is not enough to appreciate the important lessons of the past. Recognizing how World War II changed our national character, in ways both good and bad, is how we must approach history if it is to help guide us through a world of increasing bitterness, racial division and cultural conflict.

The Daily Wildcat • A5

Commemorative Edition • Wednesday, December 7, 2016

December 7

THROUGH THE YEARS

Originally published Dec. 7, 1982 | The Arizona Daily Wildcat

Originally published Nov. 21, 1951 | The Arizona Daily Wildcat

Pearl Harbor survivors recall fateful day at annual service Memorial

BY BILL HESS @DailyWildcat

On a morning 41 years ago, a young man was standing on the deck of a ship. Dressed in a bellbottom whites, he was waiting to go on shore leave.

It was Sunday—a tropical, peaceful Sunday with waves gently splashing against the sides of the shops sheltered in the harbor. Occasional wakes slapped against the hulls in a rippling effect as liberty barges went by carrying the soldiers who were on their way to and from their leave.

Harlan Christiansen had just turned 18.

He was a seaman on the flagship of the first battleship division, and he was waiting for his older brother, a third-class petty officers on the same ship.

They were going to go into town together and have their pictures taken to send to their parents.

Christmas was less than three weeks away, But when the eighth hour of the day began, the lives of the Christiansen brothers and those of all Americans were going to change.

There would be no chance for the Christiansen men to capture themselves on film for their loved ones.

For Harlan, it would mean fighting and life. For his brother it would mean fighting and death.

The date was Dec. 7, 1941.

The place was Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiian Islands.

The Ship was the USS Arizona.

The attack lasted less than three hours.

Of the 86 ships in the harbor at the time of the Imperial Japanese Navy’s air attack, nine were sunk and nine others severely damaged. Of the 18, all but three were to see action again.

Two, the battleship Oklahoma and the minelayer Oglala, could have been returned to readiness, but officials decided to replace them with newer ships.

Only the Arizona was a total loss.

The sinking of the Arizona seems to epitomize, in the minds of many of the survivors of the attack, the death and destruction that President Franklin D. roosevelt called “a day which will live in infamy.”

Of all the Americans who lost their lives that day, almost half were on the Arizona. And of those who died on that ship, only 75 are buried ashore in the Punch Bowl National Cemetery

in Honolulu.

The other 1,102 men who perished are entombed in the sunken hull of the Arizona.

Christiansen’s brother is one of those still with his ship. “When the attack began, we did what we were drilled in—to go to our battle stations. I never did get to see my brother,” Harlan Christiansen said.

His station was in the No. 4 powder magazine. It remained fairly water-tight, and after the ship had come to rest on the bottom, the survivors of the magazine slowly made their way to the surface. Feeling their way through the dark, cramped, slightly flooded corridors— stopping to stuff clothing into openings to shut off the choking smoke—Christiansen and 20 others made their way to the one main gun turret that was still out of water.

With flaming fuel around them, they were unable to swim to safety. Finally, a small boat came through and took them off, he said. By the time the made it to Ford Island, most were clad only in their shorts and socks.

Christiansen was one of 289 survivors of the Arizona’s 1,466 ship’s company.

Seven Arizonans died along with Christiansen’s brother.

Two days ago the 29th annual memorial service was held on the University of Arizona Mall to honor them and others who, as guest speaker Joseph F. Taussig Jr. said, “paid the initial price” of America’s entry into World War II. In his remarks to approximately 400 people Sunday, Taussig said America must never be unprepared again as it was at the start of World War II. He said the United States did not build any new battleships from 1915 to 1931, while the Germans and Japanese found loopholes in the disarmament treaties of the period to build up their fleets.

“And the result was a miscalculation by the Japanese as to our resolve,” Taussig said.

He said the Soviet Union must not be allowed to make the same type of wrong calculation and that the only way to counter that is by having a strong military.

Taussig called for a buildup of the U.S. Navy from 450 to 600 ships.

Remembering the day in 1941, he said the explosion on the Arizona, after being struck by two torpedoes and at least three bombs, was the largest manmade explosion up to that time.

plaque unveiled

BY DAILY WILDCAT STAFF @DailyWildcat

STAFF/THE DAILY WILDCAT

AN IMAGE OF THE 1982 feature on remaining USS Arizona survivors coming to campus for Pearl Harbor Day. The feature originaly ran in the Daily Wildcat on Dec. 7, 1982.

“But 30 minutes after the battle began, the Arizona had gone to the bottom and she was surrounded by flaming debris.

Her guns above the water line were still firing until they had no shells or powder left,” he said.

According to Taussig, one of his men said to him, “My God, those men (on the Arizona) are standing in hell.”

What surprised some of the other survivors of the Arizona was that the Japanese did not follow up their attack with others and force a landing on the islands. “They should have come back and destroyed the facilities that we had to repair the ships, then we would have been in deep trouble,” said Donald Stratton, who was a seaman first class at the time. Stratton was wounded so severely that a year after the attack he was medically discharged.

But he returned home and soon showed up at the recruiting station, passed his physical, went

Originally published Dec. 7, 1945 | The Arizona Daily Wildcat

through boot camp again and returned to the Pacific fleet.

Christiansen spent only a short time in the hospital before being reassigned to other ships in the Pacific fleet in which he served until the end of the war.

During Sunday’s ceremony, the ship‘s bell—it was recovered and now hangs in the clock tower of the UA Student Union Building—was rung as the names of the seven Arizona men were read: • George Allen Bertie Jr., seaman second class, of Phoenix.

• Louis Edward Cremeens, seaman first class, of Yuma.

• George Sanford Hollowell, coxswain, of Phoenix.

• James Williams Horrocks, chief gunner’s mate, of Nogales.

• James Joseph Murphy, seaman first class, of Bisbee.

• Harvey Leroy Skeen, seaman second class, of Miami.

• James Randolph Van Horn, able-bodied seaman, of Tucson.

The memorial bell from the U.S.S Arizona tolled Saturday afternoon closing the formal dedication of the Student Union Memorial building.

“The bell is the voice through which the memorial will speak,” said Cleon T. Knapp in the dedication address. “It will ring for achievements and honors which come to the university. But when the bell rings in sadder moments we shall know for whom the bell tolls,” concluded the president of the board of regents.

In the arcade, the memorial plaque naming the 260 students, alumni, and faculty “who answered their country’s call and gave their last full measure of devotion” was unveiled by Fred Stofft, president of the alumni association. A lone trumpet played taps to close the unveiling ceremony.

President Richard A. Harvill was chairman of the program, which began with the invocation by Rev. George Fergusen, rector of St. Phillips-in-the-hills.

President Harvill then introduced W. Roy Wayland and Lawson Smith, leaders in the fund drive, and paid tribute to B. G. Thompson, chairman of the planning committee, who was absent from the program.

Dr. James Byron McCormick, former president of the university, related the history of the Student Union. He stressed that it was truly a statewide project and a suitable memorial which will live on.

“Let there never be a moment that those who use this building forget it is a memorial building,” said Governor Howard Pyle, stating the new responsibility of the university.

President Harvill, in a short response, said that the university realized and accepted its news responsibility.

Dr. Alfred Atkinson, former UA president stressed again the importance of remembering those who died.

The unveiling of the plaque and the dedication address followed Dr. Atkinson’s speech.

Prof. Rolin Pease of the Fine Arts college led the audience in singing the third verse of “All Hail Arizona.” Msgr.

Francis Green, pastor of St. Peter and Paul Catholic church, pronounced the benediction.

Originally published Dec. 6, 1961 | The Arizona Daily Wildcat

December 7, 1945... A quiet day

BY DAILY WILDCAT STAFF @DailyWildcat

December sees a new era. That new era the world hasn’t yet had the courage to face.

The new years which began in august with the bomb which fell on Hiroshima call for It is difficult to realize sometimes that we live history. We are history. The stories which the re-evaluation of every important world element. The newspaper headlines speak of are newspaper headlines and radio flashes the same fumbling—a little more muddled, today and tomorrow and yesterday will be perhaps—the same answers to problems. the histories of the next decade. Yet on some But the problems are not the same. They days it is easier to feel than on others. have grown out of all proportion, become December 7, 1945, is such a day. Four a matter of life and death. years ago the people of Still the statesmen apply the this nation rose from their Sunday dinner tables to Four years ago outmoded answers.

The result is a natural find themselves involved the people of enough.

Individuals have in a war. The particular this nation rose difficult times adjusting fashion of that involvement from their Sunday themselves to new ideas. is not important today. We are, after all, millions recognize now that war dinner tables to find Nations of individuals. The new would have come to us, themselves involved period—call it “atomic age,” in one shape or another, in a war." or what you—calls for a new sooner or later. That fact conception of nations, of was—not Pearl Harbor, or peoples, of economics, and “sneak attack”—but war. politics. It calls for a picture Even in those days of of the world as a togetherness—no longer Hawaii and the Philippines and the air can the powerful nation play the bully. strikes over Germany, the world sailed The man who said “one world” had clearer much as it had navigated for hundreds of sight than he knew. That tendency must years. War, yes, and murder, and terror, and become an all-pervading thing, surpassing famine—but it was a familiar pattern to the the materialism of individual statesmen, or observer who could see history of humanity the desires of the nationalistic states. in the headlines.

This is the throbbing, frightening, This December 7, 1945, differs from the challenging history today that can be felt on last and the last and the last. True it is a the December 7, 1945. It is peace, yes, but peace-time December 7. That fact would be peace with the greatest challenge ever to face the outstanding if it were not for the fashion in which peace had come. But this seventh of the human race.

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BY DAILY WILDCAT STAFF @DailyWildcat

and killed.

We will also be remembering the death of a great battleship, the USS Arizona, and the 270 university men who were killed Tomorrow will be a quiet day. It will be during the war.

Dec. 7. 1961.

We will not forget the heroic stand of Tomorrow millions of Americans will civilian and military personnel on Wake pause, some with heavy hearts, and Island; the infamous Batan Death March; recall that quiet Sunday 20 years ago, Terrible Taraw; and Iwo Jima where Dec. 7, 1941. “uncommon valor was The 20th anniversary a common virtue,” and since the start of the Yes, tomorrow where some 5,000 U.S. greatest, most terrible war in history will indeed be a will be a quiet Marines lost their lives.

There are other day of remembrance. day, but it won’t memories: the five It will be a quiet day mean that America Sullivan brothers who on campus. Thursdays has forgotten. It will served and died together are usually quiet, but the USS Juneau: tomorrow will seem always remember aboard Glenn Miller, who kept especially so when at Pearl Harbor." his band playing in the 10:40 the bell in the midst of an air attack; Student Union Memorial the American general Building will toll seven who said, “Nuts” when times in honor of the seven Arizonans told by the enemy surrender. who died aboard the USS Arizona along And there will be poignant memories of with 1,095 of their shipmates. how it was at home: the awful anticipation A small, quiet group will attend the of the parents and wives who answered annual Pearl Harbor Day ceremonies their doorbells to see the Western on campus. Similar ceremonies will Union delivery boy standing there with be held across the nation and many a telegram in his hand and tears in his memories will return to tug painfully at eyes; the numerous children, unable to grieving hearts. comprehend that their dads, uncles or The university will be remembering the brothers wouldn’t be coming home. bravery of Lt. Paul K. Allen, a graduate in Yes, tomorrow will be a quiet day, but it 1938, who in December, 1941, manned won’t mean that America has forgotten. It his platoon’s last machinegun in the will always Remember Pearl Harbor.

Philippines and kept firing until overrun

“

Commemorative Edition • Wednesday, December 7, 2016

A6 • The Daily Wildcat

Science at war: How brains helped the fight

BY MARISSA HEFFERNAN @_mheffernan

It’s been 75 years since the attack on Pearl Harbor that launched America into World War II. UA, long known as a top research institution, has been intrinsically tied to military science for just as long.

As the campus unveils a new memorial, below are some excerpts from Daily Wildcat archives showcasing UA’s past and continuing partnership with all branches of the military. In a 2016 filled with cutting edge research and learning, these excerpts provide a window into a different world.

JANUARY 12, 1945

“The seeds used by the crop improvement association in Arizona are produced by the College of Agriculture … Since the war started, an increasing amount of the grain produced has been used to make industrial alcohol for such vital war products as synthetic rubber.”

Synthetic rubber played a huge role in WWII. It took 1.11 pounds of rubber to make a gas mask, 17 to 100 pounds to make a life raft, and 1,825 pounds to make a heavy bomber plane. With natural rubber in short supply, synthetic rubber expanded production of important wartime commodities.

OCTOBER 9, 1945

“Atomic energy and the fundamental principles of the atomic bomb will be the subject of a public address by Dr. E. H. Warner, professor of physics and head of that department. … Dr. Warner will also talk about the peacetime and non-military uses of atomic energy. He will give two demonstrations to show the science of the atom and and its nucleus, and he will show black and white slides.”

UA prides itself on looking forward and thinking about the bigger picture.

The university transitioned from wartime to peacetime by looking for new applications of the technology.

OCTOBER 16, 1945

“Plans to return to pre-war status are being made in many of the programs and activities of the military science department. Many features formerly offered in the department have been at a low ebb during the war because of the decrease in men students, but with the number of men sharply increased this year the program will get back to its former status.”

UA, like many other institutions, suspended some of its normal activities during WWII. While certain scientific research was vital to the war effort, other projects were put on hold until the war ended and pre-war activities resumed.

History behind the student union’s nautical architecture

BY GRETCHYN KAYLOR @notsowild_cat

Coming to UA for the first time tends to include seeing the Student Union Memorial Center before anything else, but it can be easy to forget those last two words: memorial center.

Though the aspects memorializing the USS Arizona are not overbearing, they are there. With another anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor and a new memorial installation on the UA Mall, there is no better time than ever to consider the whispers of tragedy built into the union’s walls.

As the turn of the 21st century neared, UA’s old student union was overwhelmed with its student population and the building fell below basic structural codes.

In an effort to reconstruct the buildings, which had been added since SELENA QUINTANILLA/THE DAILY WILDCAT 1951, the UA put out a design-build THE FIRST FLOOR OF the Student Union Memorial Center features the USS Arizona battleship anchor competition to offer many architectural chains. The entire student union’s design is based on the features of the large ship, and this area of the and construction firms the opportunity student union reprsents the bottom. to present the best proposal with the most affordable price.

Mountain Avenue all the way to the union represents the ship’s bow, while Kyle Taft, architect with the firm science buildings. the north side represents the stern with MHTN, took this opportunity by the This kept projects going for a year, a “mast and sail,” keeping the nautical reins and became the project manager and they were not to be interrupted theme, according to Taft, though of of the $60-million, winning proposal for for the remodel.

To remedy this, the course these are not actual aspects of the SUMC. architects created the a battleship.

MHTN’s plan included space known as “The A flagpole represents the mast, and construction company the shades on the north side of the The [student] Canyon” between the Swinerton, that worked east and west sides of the building portray a sail. Susan Gamble’s as efficiently as possible union has cohesive SUMC. memorial sculpture in the middle of to keep the student union always been “There are aspects of the circle drive outside of the SUMC serving tens of thousands closely tied to the the design of the student resembles a ship mast and contrasts the of students throughout that consider and 1,177 fallen marines and soldiers to the the construction, save USS Arizona and union harken back to certain 334 survivors. one weekend. the bell.

The biggest memorial aspects,” “The [student] union has always Larry Jones, the Taft said.

“So, there been closely tied to the USS Arizona improvement here official student union and the bell,” Jones said. “The biggest was that you can see are a few key features representative for the which are symbolic, of improvement here was that you can Pearl Harbor events the bell every course, and not exact see the bell every day now. In the old since 1999, is confident day now.” replications—subtle building, it was blocked behind screens the new installment will references throughout to and a clock and not readily available spark an interest continue on the tradition for viewing.” in the existing —Larry Jones, of memorial.”

Along with the safekeeping of the memorial features.

Student union rep for The east wall of the bell and the clock from the original Jones came into Pearl Harbor events canyon is curved to union, the reliefs representative of the his position with the replicate the silhouette of branches of the military were preserved excitement of planning the USS Arizona, like its and reinstalled as well. for the new building, memorial in Hawaii.

These bas-relief style sculptures can which took roughly three years to The circular staircase space was be found in the rotunda as well as the construct, from design to completion. south wall of the student union, where “One big change was the open concept, designed to be reminiscent of the main gun turret on the battleship, according the Sanderson relief represents the with a lot of glass and entry/exit points,” to Taft.

And at the bottom is the water turmoil and fatigue of war, with a dove Jones said. “There was a big push to fountain with anchor chains and in the middle—or “a protective wing lighten up the student union and provide rusting steel plates, symbolic of the over soldiers,” according to Taft. a nicer customer experience in terms of water which now engulfs the original “I believe this [Mall] memorial convenience to services, dining, meeting ship. Above the east-west corridors of will help us all improve our lives by rooms and public spaces.” the union are bridges like those which acknowledging and learning from our One design challenge the MHTN were on the ship. past so we may hopefully never repeat team faced was a major utility tunnel it,” Jones said.

The point of the south side of the which ran in the direction of

“

SEPTEMBER 21,1956

“A four-place Navion plane has been assigned to the University by the Air Force to be used primarily to give flight experience to second-year Basic AF ROTC cadets.”

As today’s ROTC turns out experienced cadets, so did UA’s ROTC program of the past. In the ‘50s, the Air Force no longer needed a wartime-scale fleet of planes, and UA was one of 200 universities to be loaned a small, four-seat plane in order to give cadets more experience.

AUGUST 31, 1972

“A University chemistry professor [Carl Marvel, PhD] has been recognized for his work in plastics with a $2,000 award from the American Chemical Society. … The chemist, who has spent more than 50 years in chemistry, directed an essential portion of the vital research on synthetic rubber in World War II.” Not only did the agriculture program play a central role in the development of synthetic rubber, so did the chemistry department. Roughly two decades later, Carl Marvel was recognized for his contribution.

NOVEMBER 15, 2016

“UA Physics Department professor, John Schaibley, has received a $360,000 grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research to study plasmonic amplifiers. He is one of 58 scientists to receive the grant, with a total of $21 million handed out between them.

Schaibley’s work focuses on using light waves, or plasmonics, to create ultra-fast transistors.”

Just this year, UA began another project with the military in mind and in support. Transistors are small chips vital to most electronics, and faster transistors means faster and better electronics. The modern military, with its widespread use of electronics, has great use for this technology.

Though these are just a few excerpts, the UA and the U.S. military have a long history of partnership and support. Science and war will always be intertwined, even if it comes in unexpected ways, like new seed strains or advancements in physics.

SELENA QUINTANILLA/THE DAILY WILDCAT

SELENA QUINTANILLA/THE DAILY WILDCAT

THE BELL FROM THE USS Arizona hangs on the south end of the Student Union Memorial Center on Tuesday, Nov. 29. The bell came from the original USS Arizona.

STUDENTS STUDY INSIDE THE USS Arizona Lounge lined with artwork of the USS Arizona inside the Student Union Memorial Center on Tuesday, Nov. 29. The lounge is on the second level of the SUMC.

UA remembers attack with SUMC exhibits The Student Union Memorial Center is decked out in art and exhibits honoring the 1,177 sailors and marines who lost their lives in the attack on Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941

BY ELIZABETH QUINLAN @eliz_quinlan

The UA has long been a living memorial to the veterans of the U.S. armed forces.

But no piece of history is memorialized more than the USS Arizona, sunk in the Dec. 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor.

The second iteration of the Student Union Memorial Center, completed in 2002, is arguably the largest of such memorials, only matched in size by the newly completed scale footprint of the Arizona on the neighboring UA Mall.

Featuring physical, artistic and abstract representations of the ship and its crew, the student union attempts to breathe life into the ship, lost 75 years ago.

USS ARIZONA MALL MEMORIAL

If you are a student, then you have probably crossed paths with the construction of the Arizona Mall Memorial on a regular basis.

The new memorial will include a newly brick-paved pathway across the mall for students and a full-scale rubberized outline of the deck of the USS Arizona.

In an oval-shaped brick plaza

situated at the approximate location of the Arizona’s foremast, 1,177 bronze medallions have been inlaid with the name, age rank and hometown of the service men who died on the ship.

This memorial is a testament to the 1,177 Sailors and Marines who will be immortalized in bronze.

Susan Crane, a UA associate professor of modern European history, said that the fountain in front of the Old Main is actually a WWI memorial but that many students, alumni and faculty—up to 98 percent—don’t recognize it as such. This is why the new memorial could help spark students’ curiosity of the campus’ monuments and bring to light important reminders of the wars that the U.S. has fought in.

“If you want to engage the current UA community in memory, building a new element of the SUMC memorial complex is a good way to do that,” Crane wrote. “The outline of the battleship, inscribed into the ground on the mall, in the grass, is a vivid way to recall the USS Arizona.”

USS ARIZONA BELL

The USS Arizona bell, once used on the ship itself, is a visible artifact of the Arizona

and a testament to the achievements of not only the marines and sailors, but also the UA and its community.

According to the bell’s plaque, it was salvaged by Wilber L. “Bill” Bowers before it was to be melted down in 1944 at the Puget Sound Naval Yard in Bremerton, Washington.

The bell is “rung seven times on the third Wednesday of every month at 12:07 p.m. in honor of the brave marines and sailors who gave their lives during the attack on Pearl Harbor, and to honor the outstanding achievements of the University of Arizona and its community,” according to the plaque.

USS ARIZONA MEMORIAL LOUNGE

The USS Arizona Lounge is not only a convenient place to study, it is also a good place to reminisce and learn about the battleship.

Dedicated on Feb. 19, 2003, the lounge was built to commemorate the USS Arizona and the battle of Pearl Harbor and was made possible mainly through the donations and efforts of people who have served, according to the website, where a glimpse of the

items featured in the lounge can be seen.

It now holds multiple scale models of the USS Arizona alongside photographs of crew members, parts of the ship including christening bottles, shrapnel and even a uniform from a chief petty officer.

The lounge continues to be a reminder of history in an attempt to uphold the USS Arizona’s legacy through the pieces shown behind its glass cases.

“THE LIFE AND LEGACY OF THE USS ARIZONA”

Special Collections at the UA Main Library has, according to UA News, “one of the largest collections of USS Arizona materials in the world” and is hosting an exhibition featuring numerous artifacts from the ship, including documents, photographs, a variety of logs and other memorabilia.

Similar to the USS Arizona Memorial Lounge, most of the pieces shown in the exhibit were donated by people who were associated with the ship during its lifetime.

The exhibit, which opened Aug. 29, will be open until Dec. 23 at the Main Library and has a companion exhibit online.

The Daily Wildcat • A7

Commemorative Edition • Wednesday, December 7, 2016

USS Arizona played home to several sports teams, including championship-caliber whaling

BY MATT WALL @mwall20

As UA students enter the Student Memorial Center to grab a bite to eat from Chick- fil-A, few know the significance of the building they walk into. The SUMC is modeled after the USS Arizona, which sunk in the Pearl Harbor Attacks in 1941.

Even today, the UA continues to share a strong connection with the ship that sunk 75 years ago. This season when facing Hawaii, Arizona football paid tribute to the 1,177 crew members whom fell on that miserable December day. With bright red pants and grey jerseys, each player boasted the ship’s BB-39 hull number on their backs, the identification number given to the ship.

Arizona men’s basketball honored the USS Arizona as well, donning camouflage jerseys when facing Michigan State to open the season. The ship’s motto, “AT ‘EM ARIZONA,” was stitched on the backs of the jerseys, the rally cry for the crew members on the USS Arizona.

While it may come as a surprise, sports were an important part of life on the Arizona. Navy crew members had the opportunity to participate in teams for rowing, baseball and football, according to AZCentral.

BASEBALL

Baseball was the Navy’s main way of unwinding when not participating in military duties. Crew members on the Arizona actually played on the ship, scrimmaging against each other.

According to the Pearl Harbor Visitor Bureau, crew members could not throw the ball into the water. If so, the game would be over until they were able to purchase a new baseball.

While the game results were rarely recorded, the USS Arizona Nine wound up losing to the University of Stanford varsity baseball team 5-4. The winning run was scored on a stolen base at home plate.

According to pearlharbormemorials. com, when Shipmen were docked at

COURTESY PEARL HARBOR VISITORS BUREAU

SAILORS PLAY BALL ON the deck of an aircraft carrier. The crew of the USS Arizona participated in many sports including baseball and football, and its whaling team even made an appearance in the Fleet Championships.

Hickam Field they would utilize the base’s baseball diamond. The Japanese somehow learned of possible gas tanks buried beneath the field and attacked the diamond on Dec. 7.

Many members of the baseball team would face future major leaguers such as Pee Wee Reese.

WHALING

Whale boating is similar to rowing except the athletes are aligned side by side instead of one behind another.

When not playing baseball, 13 crew

members spent their free time on the USS Arizona Whale Boat Team. The team wound up racing against the USS Pennsylvania in the Fleet Championships, losing by just two feet, according to USS Arizona Facts.

FOOTBALL

From 1915-1941, the USS Arizona “Jack Tars” played football in the Naval Fleet League. According to the Greater Northwest Football Association, players on the team had special privileges to stay aboard the ship and continue to

compete. The last game of the Jack Tars was set for Dec. 7, 1941 in the Battle Fleet Championship against the USS Pennsylvania. Instead, bombs fell that day and kickoff never happened.

The team was coached by Lieutenant Hank Hardwick, who would eventually be the head coach of the Naval Academy football team.

Arizona football specifically honored 95-year old Lauren Bruner, a survivor of the attack on the USS Arizona, during Arizona’s football game against Hawaii this season.

Athletics pays omage to USS Arizona Arizona football hosted Hawaii in September 2016 and honored Pearl Harbor, the USS Arizona and those who died in its sinking with special apparel commemorating the ill-fated battleship

BY JUSTIN SPEARS @JustinESports

In the months leading up to the 75th anniversary of the Pearl Harbor attacks, the Arizona Wildcats football and men’s basketball team provided its own twist to honor the ones who lost their lives on Dec. 7, 1941—more specifically the USS Arizona.

Arizona football’s third game of the season against Hawaii was the introduction of the one-time only Pearl Harbor gray jerseys and the basketball team wore its gray camouflage against Michigan St. in its season opener in the Armed Forces Classic in Honolulu.

It’s not too often the Wildcats get to showcase their uniform swagger, but when they did this season, there was historical meaning behind it and it just so happened both football and basketball won in their USS Arizona-style uniforms. Sure the uniforms have some flavor and sauce to it, but the meaning behind each patch and decal on the uniforms are more than the game of football and basketball.

Here’s a walk through each attribute of the Pearl Harbor look the Wildcats modeled in 2016:

THE PANTS There isn’t a special patch on the pants, but the red takes after the ship’s bottomhalf paint job that was mostly hidden below the waterline. So when running back J.J. Taylor ran for 168 yards, maybe it was the keel of the uniform that helped him travel through Hawaii’s defense.

THE HELMET Arizona’s uniform was modeled after the USS Arizona in terms of layering of the ship. The helmet represents the upper mast structure, which is the highest part of it. The only throwback portion of the helmet is the red block ‘A’ that was pictured in the USS Arizona team photo.

Right above the facemask on the forehead of the helmet is the date of the Pearl Harbor attack and the back has the USS Arizona bell decal from the Student Union Memorial Center. The back of the helmet at the neck area usually has the team’s name or Riddell branded on the helmet, but instead had the ship’s rally cry, “At ‘Em Arizona”.

THE JERSEY Now that we’re down the torso of the uniform, it made sense for the jersey to be gray, which was inspired by the hull and main body structure of the battleship. The hull is the structure and framework of the ship and where the football team placed most of the patches on the jersey.

The first part of the jersey is the enormous USS Arizona across the chest with a medallion worn

by Esther Ross at the Arizona’s christening and official introduction in 1915. The back of the jersey has BB-39, the hull identification number, instead of last names. Joe Paterno always said that players should play for the name on the front rather the one on the back, but in this case, the Wildcats are playing for both.

Each shoulder had unique patches that take after the Pearl Harbor attacks. On the right shoulder was the hornet logo of the 47th Fighter Squadron and the Air Force Reserve Command based on Davis Monthan Air Force Base in Tucson. The 47th Fighter Squadron shot down eight enemy aircraft during the Pearl Harbor Attacks. The left shoulder had a 48-star flag since Arizona was the 48th state of the U.S.

Commemorative Edition • Wednesday, December 7, 2016

A8 • The Daily Wildcat

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free admission book-signings

author presentations

where

Words & Imagination

ample parking

Ninth Annual Tucson Festival of Books

March 11-12, 2017 • 9:30 am - 5:30 pm University of Arizona Campus Free Admission

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SAVE THE DATE

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come to life

Mark your calendar for a literary milestone Headliners at the 2017 Tucson Festival of Books play in a variety of literary sandboxes. These include history, mystery, romance, pure science (and its restless cousin, sci-fi), current events, straightforward fiction--even advice to the lovelorn. You’ll find this and much more March 11-12 on the University of Arizona campus.

A host of authors marking the anniversary of America’s entry into World War II

Richard Reeves

Craig Nelson

Richard Cahan

Pamela Rotner Sakamoto

Steve Twomey

Marc Wortman

The Festival lineup also includes:

Brunonia Barry

Mira Grant

T.C. Boyle

Victor Hazan

Ibram X. Kendi

Andrés Resendéz

Blanche Wiesen Cook

Juan Felipe Herrera

John Sandford

Named Sponsors:

Major Sponsors:

Darynda Jones

Dava Sobel

Presenting Sponsor:

Key Sponsors: Miriam Brucker Trust

Additional support provided by these generous sponsors:

Maureen Dowd

William Finnegan

Martha Hall Kelly

Colson Whitehead