FRENCH by arnaud prevot

Intensive Language Familiarization Technique

FRENCH eBook

Dr. Arnaud P. Prevot

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

p. 3

Part 1: French words found in English

p. 4

Part 2: French loan words in English

p. 24

Part 3: Watch for False Cognates

p. 28

Part 4: Watching Movies

p. 30

Part 5: Language Research

p. 31

Part 6: Language Conversations

p. 33

Part 7: Word Translation

p. 34

Part 8: French in Action â&#x201E;˘

p. 36

Part 9: Side-by-Side Texts

p. 37

Note: Author not responsible for content on external links. Material was found to be appropriate for school and work situations at time of writing.

Introduction Before learning a language, try Language Familiarization *

This method focuses on getting to know the language slowly and not to dive into the learning process immediately. You need to get to know the language slowly and how language learning works. One does not simply learn vocabulary and grammar and expect to learn a language, there is a slow process which is first needed. Start off with a pledge to do the best work you can in the target language. I like to propose the Middlebury College Language Pledge that all students are to take before entering in their programs. "In signing this Language Pledge, I agree to use ______________ as my only language of communication while attending the Middlebury Language Schools. I understand that failure to comply with this Pledge may result in my expulsion from the School without credit or refund." Lastly consider using the Common European Framework of Reference for Language as a map when learning a language. The Common European Framework divides learners into three broad divisions which can be divided into six levels: A Basic User A1 Breakthrough or beginner A2 Waystage or elementary B Independent User B1 Threshold or intermediate B2 Vantage or upper intermediate C Proficient User C1 Effective Operational Proficiency or advanced C2 Mastery or proficiency In order for you to familiarize yourselves with languages in a different way, I propose this nine step, 3

self-directed process. Let's begin

Part 1: French words found in English *

During the first year, it is important to understand that any learner should first familiarize one's self with the target language. This can be done in a number of ways. However, it would be a mistake for an individual to believe that they are starting to learn a language from nothing. Every second language learner' knows some of the language they are looking to learn even before having entered in a classroom setting, or having set foot a country which speaks the target language.

Instructions: Define as many of the words or expressions that you can:

A Apéritifs with amuse-gueules Arête à gogo à la à la carte à la mode 4

à propos abattoir accouchement acquis communautaire adieu aide-de-camp aide-mémoire Allons-y! amateur amour propre amuse-bouche or amuse-gueule ancien régime aperçu apéritif or aperitif appellation contrôlée appetence après moi, le déluge arête armoire arrière-pensée art nouveau attaché Attaque au Fer

au contraire au courant au fait au gratin au jus au pair au revoir! avant-garde (pl. avant-gardes) avant la lettre avoirdupois

B Ballet bric-Ă -brac Brioche baguette ballet banquette beaucoup de beau geste Beaux-Arts bel esprit (pl. beaux esprits) belle

Belle Époque belles-lettres bien pensant billet-doux blasé bon appétit bon mot (pl. bons mots) bon vivant bon voyage boulevard bourgeois bouquet bric-à-brac brioche brunette bureau (pl. bureaux)

C Café au lait Chaise longue Chauffeur Chignon Contre-jour

Creperie ça ne fait rien cache cachet café café au lait calque carte blanche carte de visite c'est la vie! chaise longue Champs-Élysées chanteuse chargé d'affaires chauffeur chef d'œuvre cherchez la femme chez chic chignon cinéma pur cinéma vérité cliché

clique cloisonné commandant comme ci, comme ça communiqué concierge concordat confrère (also confrere) contre-coup contre-jour contretemps coquette cordon bleu cordon sanitaire corniche cortège coup de foudre coup d'état coup de grâce coup de main coup de maître coup de théâtre coup d'œil

couture couturier crèche crème brûlée crème de la crème crème fraîche crêpe Cul-de-sac crêperie critique croissant cul-de-sac

D Dressage de rigueur de trop décolleté décor découpage dépôt demi-glace demi-sec

déjà vu dénouement dérailleur dernier cri derrière déshabillé détente digestif directeur sportif divertissement dossier doyen dressage droit du seigneur du jour

E eau de Cologne eau de vie Entrée En plein air en pointe eau de Cologne

eau de toilette eau de vie écarté échappé éclair éclat élan élan vital éminence grise en garde en passant en pointe en route enfant terrible ennui entente entre nous entrée entremets entrepreneur embonpoint épater la bourgeoisie or épater le bourgeois escargot

esprit de corps esprit de l'escalier l'État, c'est moi! étude étui excusez-moi extraordinaire

F façade fait accompli faute de mieux faux faux pas femme fatale feuilleton fiancé(e) film noir fils flambé flambeau flâneur fleur-de-lis

fleur de sel foie gras folie à deux force majeure forte froideur

G gaffe garçon gauche gaucherie gendarme gendarmerie genre gîte Grand Prix grenadier

H Haute couture habitué haute couture

haute école hauteur haut monde Honi soit qui mal y pense hors de combat hors concours hors d'œuvre

I idée fixe impasse ingénu(e)

J j'accuse j'adoube je ne regrette rien je ne sais quoi jeu d'esprit jeunesse dorée joie de vivre

l'appel du vide laïcité laissez-faire laissez-passer laissez les bons temps rouler lamé lanterne rouge lèse majesté liaison lingerie littérateur louche Louis Quatorze Louis Quinze

M macramé madame mademoiselle malaise mange tout manqué Mardi gras

marque matériel mauvais quart d'heure mélange mêlée ménage à trois métier milieu milieu intérieur mirepoix mise en place mise en scène mise en table montage le mot juste motif moue mousse

N né, née n'est-ce pas? noblesse oblige

nom de guerre nom de plume nouveau (pl. nouveaux; fem. nouvelle; fem. pl. nouvelles) nouveau riche nouvelle vague

O objet d'art objet trouvé œuvre omelette opéra bouffe outré

P Pain au chocolat Parkour Pince-nez pain au chocolat pain aux raisins panache papier-mâché par avion

par excellence parc fermé parkour parole parvenu pas de deux pas de trois passe-partout pastiche patois père peloton petite bourgeoisie la petite mort Pied-Noir pied-à-terre (also pied à terre) pince-nez piste plage plat du jour plongeur (fem. plongeuse) plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose (or plus ça change, plus c'est pareil) (often abbreviated to just "plus ça change") point d'appui 19

porte cochère poseur pot-au-feu pour encourager les autres pourboire prairie prêt-à-porter prie-dieu prix fixe protégé(e) provocateur

Q Quai d'Orsay Quatorze juillet quelle horreur!

R raconteur raison d'être rapport rapprochement reconnaissance

renaissance répertoire reportage répondez s'il vous plaît. (RSVP) restaurateur riposte Rive Gauche roi fainéant rôle roman à clef roué roux

S sabotage saboteur sang-froid sans sans-culottes sauté savant savoir-faire savoir-vivre

silhouette sobriquet soi-disant soigné soirée sombre sommelier soupçon soupe du jour succès d'estime

T Tableau vivant tableau tableau vivant tenné tête-à-tête toilette torsade de pointes touché tour de force (also tour-de-force) tout court tout de suite

tranche triage Trou de loup tricoteuse trompe-l'œil

V venu(e) venue vin de pays vinaigrette vis-à-vis (also vis-a-vis) vive […]! vive la différence! voilà! volte-face voulez-vous coucher avec moi (ce soir)? voyeur

Z zut alors!

Part 2: French loan words in English *

After having looked at the 'loan' words used in English, then it is important for learners to slowly distance themselves from English and focus next on English words which have originated in the target language. Instructions: Look over these loan words and where they were borrowed from French: air (from the French 'air') altitude (from the French 'altitude') apartment (from the French 'appartement') appeasement (from the French 'apaisement') arm (from the French 'arme') army (From the French 'armĂŠe') arrogant (from the French 'arrogant') atrocity (from the French 'atrocitĂŠ') attitude (from the French 'attitude') autumn (from the French 'automne') aviation (from the French 'avion') barrel (from the French 'baril') beef (from the French 'boeuf') bicycle (from the French 'bicyclette') bottle (from the French 'bouteille') brave (from the French 'brave') brick (from the French 'brique') bullet (from the French 'balle') car (from the French 'char') carbon (from the French 'charbon') case (from the French 'cas') 24

cave (from the French 'cave') chair (from the French 'chaise') chamber (from the French 'chambre') current (from the French 'courant') eagle (from the French 'aigle') exercise (from the French 'exercice') farm (from the French 'ferme') final (from the French 'finale') flower (from the French 'fler') fluid (from the French 'fluide') forest (from the French 'forêt') fork (from the French 'fourchette') garden (from the French 'jardin') grand (from the French 'grand') habit (from the French 'habitude') hazard (from the French 'hasard') herbs (from the French 'herbes') hero (from the French 'héro') hotel (from the French 'hôtel') ignorant (from the French 'ignorant') image (from the French 'image') itinerary (from the French 'itinéraire') joy (from the French 'joie') lake (from the French 'lac') lamp (from the French 'lampe') large (from the French 'large') lion (from the French 'lion') lizard (from the French 'lézard') luminous (from the French 'lumineux') miracle (from the French 'miracle') Money (from the French 'monnaie') mountain (from the French 'montagne') odour or odor (from the French 'odeur') orange(fruit) (from the French 'orange') parachute (from the French 'para-chute') parent (from the French 'parent') pedestal (from the French 'piédestal') pincer (from the French 'pincer') plate (from the French 'plateau') police (from the French 'police') proposition (from the French 'proposition') ray (from the French 'rayon') repetition (from the French 'repétition') revenge (from the French 'revanche') road (from the French 'route') source (from the French 'source') story (from the French 'histoire') 25

stranger (from the French 'étranger') stupid (from the French 'stupide') table (from the French 'table') tablet (from the French 'tablette') tennis (from the French 'tenir') ticket (from the French 'ticket') to (e)rase (from the French 'raser') to adjust (from the French 'ajuster') to admit (from the French 'admettre') to adore (from the French 'adorer') to advance (from the French 'avancer') to appear (from the French 'apparaitre') to appreciate (from the French 'apprécier') to arrest (from the French 'arrêter') to attack (from the French 'attaquer') to cascade (from the French 'cascader') to clarify (from the French 'clarifier') to complete (from the French 'compléter') to compromise (from the French 'compromettre') to consider (from the French 'considérer') to contain (from the French 'contenir') to cry (from the French 'crier') to depart (from the French 'départ') to disappear (from the French 'disparaitre') to distract (from the French 'distraire') to divorce (from the French 'se divorcer') to emerge (from the French 'émerger') to engage (from the French 'engager') to enrich (from the French 's'enricher') to envelop (from the French 'envelopper') to evoke (from the French 'évoquer') to excuse (from the French 'excuser') to forfeit (from the French 'forfait') to gain (from the French 'gagner') to glorify (from the French 'glorifier') to guard (from the French 'garder') to install (from the French 'installer') to invent (from the French 'inventer') to join (from the French 'joindre') to launch (from the French 'lancer') to maintain (from the French 'maintenir') to marry (from the French 'se marier') to mention (from the French 'mentionner') to mock (from the French 'se moquer de') to navigate (from the French 'naviguer') to negotiate (from the French 'négocier') to obtain (from the French 'obtenir') 26

to paint (from the French 'peindre') to pardon (from the French 'pardonner') to partake (from the French 'partager') to pave (from the French 'paver') to pray (from the French 'prier') to promise (from the French 'promettre') to pulvarise or to pulverize (from the French 'pulvĂŠriser') to push (from the French 'pousser') to reduce (from the French 'rĂŠduire') to refine (from the French 'raffiner') to reflect (from the French 'reflĂŠter') to refuse (from the French 'refuser') to reinforce (from the French 'renforcer') to reject (from the French 'rejetter') to render (from the French 'rendre') to restore (from the French 'restaurer') to return (from the French 'retourner') to secure (from the French 'securiser') to sign (from the French 'signer') to touch (from the French 'toucher') to train (from the French 's'entrainer') to treat (from the French 'traiter') to visite (from the French 'visiter') to vomit (from the French 'vomir') tube (from the French 'tube') vinegar (from the French 'vinaigre') voyage (from the French 'voyage')

Part 3: Watch for False Cognates *

This is an easy pitfall in any language learning. Many words in French and in English have a common root, but some are a bit of a problem, as they look like the English words, but they do not have the same definition. Be careful of these words! Instructions: Look over this list of words and identify the French equivalent

Actuel(lement) – CURRENT(LY), not actual(ly) Ancien – FORMER, not ancient Assister à – TO ATTEND, TO BE PRESENT AT, not to assist or to help Assumer - TO TAKE ON or ACCEPT, not to assume Change – FOREIGN CURRENCY, not change Comédien(ne) – ACTOR, not comedian Décevoir - TO DISAPPOINT, not to deceive Déception - DISAPPOINTMENT, not deception Deputé – MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT, not deputy Disposer de – TO HAVE (at your disposal), not to dispose of Éditeur – PUBLISHER, not editor Éventuel(lement) – POSSIBLE/POSSIBLY, not eventual(ly) 28

Isolation – INSULATION, not isolation Issue – EXIT, SOLUTION, or OUTCOME, not issue Librairie – BOOKSTORE, not library Location – RENTAL, LEASE, HIRE or RESERVATION, not location Passer un examen – TO TAKE AN EXAM, not to pass an exam Prune – PLUM, not a prune Réaliser – CARRY OUT, ACCOMPLISH, TO COME TRUE, not to realize (in the sense of coming to understand or notice) Résumer – TO SUMMARIZE, not to resume Sensible – SENSITIVE, not sensible Tentative – AN ATTEMPT, not tentative

Part 4: Watching Movies *

After a quick study of words in the target language used in English, and words in English with origins in the target language, you will need to do a bit of listening , you can: • Watch a DVD or video of a movie you have already seen in the target language, with your maternal language subtitles. Try to this at least twice in a month, then play the same movie without the subtitles at a later time. • Listen to an audio book which following along in a written book • Listen to a news report (video and audio) after having listened to the same one in your native tongue. While you are doing these techniques, try to: • identify common expressions • identify the difference between the present and past tenses • repeat phrases in your mind Note: It is not a requirement for he movies to be French, but is is important for them to not be cartoons. The movies should have a natural and average register and diction.

Part 5: Language Research *

Next, is would be good to familiarize yourself with the recent research and articles regarding language acquisition. The following is a growing list of language related articles which analyze problems, give tips and shares stories of people who have learned a new language in unique and different ways. 1. Excellent article about intensive language familiarization 2. Some facts about the world's 6,800 tongues 3. Previously unknown language emerges in India 4. Learn a new language in-flight 5. Shortcuts: Learn a language 6. Global advertisers face language barriers 7. European Union launches digital library 8. Does Language Influence Culture? - WSJ.com 9. How I learned a language in 22 hours 10.In Praise of Foreign-Language Pop Songs 11.Globalisation makes second language a bonus 12.Bringing languages to life: teaching tips, tech and ideas 13.Is a second language an advantage, or is one enough? 14.Learning Another Language Boosts Your Ability to Make Rational decisions. 15.What's the secret to learning a second language? 16.School talks up foreign language benefits 17.I learned to speak four languages in a few years 18.Girl's language skills could help them in math 19.What is the fastest way to learn a foreign language? 20.http://theweek.com/article/index/242413/how-foreign-languages-mutate-english-words# 21.http://www.businessinsider.com/5-ways-to-learn-a-language-2013-5# 22.http://aschmann.net/AmEng/ 23.http://languageinstinct.blogspot.com/2006/10/language-as-code.html 24.http://www.pickthebrain.com/blog/learn-foreign-language/ 31

25.http://www.omniglot.com/language/how.htm 26.http://www.fourhourworkweek.com/blog/2009/01/20/learning-language/ 27.http://www.fourhourworkweek.com/blog/c/11/07/how-to-learn-but-not-master-any-language-in1-hour-plus-a-favor/ 28.http://www.offbeatband.com/2010/09/fastest-way-to-learn-a-language/ 29.http://www.wikihow.com/Teach-Yourself-a-New-Language 30.http://foreignlanguageexpertise.com/index.html 31.http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/05/sugata-mitra-spelling_n_3708644.html? ir=Education&ncid=edlinkusaolp00000003

Part 6: Language Conversations *

It's now time for some YouTube! One of the characteristics of language familiarization is the ability to focus and immerse yourself in as much natural language as you can

French language conversation French language news

Part 7: Word Translation *

Look at these 400 Words, and translate them in your target language, plus find associated images for them from images.google.com Animals: dog, cat, fish, bird, 'animal' (dog/cat/fish/bird = animal), snake, cow, pig, mouse, horse, elephant, tail, wing Transport: train, plane, car, bicycle, bus, boat, tire, gasoline, (train) ticket City/Countryside: city, house, street, airport, train station, bridge, hotel, farm, a crowd, court Clothes: hat, dress, skirt, shirt, T-shirt, pants, shoes, pocket Colors: red, green, blue (light/dark), yellow, green, brown, pink, orange, black, white, gray People-related: son, daughter, mother, father, man, woman, brother, sister, family, grandfather, grandmother, husband, wife, king, queen, neighbor, boy, girl, religion, death, money Beverages: coffee, tea, wine, beer, juice, water, milk Food/Food Related: eggs, cheese, bread, soup, cake, chicken, pork, beef, apple, banana, orange, lemon, corn, rice, oil, seed, knife, spoon, fork, plate, cup, breakfast, lunch, dinner, sugar Home: table, chair, clock, bed, lamp, window, door, bedroom, kitchen, bathroom, pencil, pen, photograph, soap, cell phone, computer, laptop, camera, television, book, 34

key, paint Body: head, face, hair, eye, mouth, nose, ear, tongue, back, finger, toe, leg, foot, heart, blood, brain, tooth, knee, sweat, disease, bone, beard, tear (drop) Nature: sea, river, mountain, rain, snow, tree, sun, moon, forest, plant, wind, soil/earth, flower, valley, root, lake, star, grass, leaf, air, sand, beach, ocean, wave, morning, evening, night Jobs: Teacher, doctor, waiter, secretary, priest Materials, Measurements, Math: glass, metal, wood, stone, clay, meter, centimeter, kilogram, inch, pound, half, circle, square, silver, gold, diamond, copper Misc: ball, game, price, gun, dream, left, right, straight, bag, box, barrel, map, a dot, poison, needle, consonant, vowel, light, yes, no Seasons: Summer, Spring, Winter, Fall Numbers: 1-22, 31, 32, 41, 42, 51, 52, 61, 62, 71, 72, 81, 82, 91, 92, 100, 101, 102, 110, 111, 1000, 1001, 10000, 100000, 1000000 Months: 1-12 (use a calendar and numbers) Days of the week: 1-7 (use a calendar and numbers) (learning these leads into "Today/Yesterday/Tomorrow") Times: year, month, day, hour, minute, second (use a calendar and clock) Cardinal Numbers: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Verbs that are somewhat easy to picture: to work, to play, to go, to walk, to run, to drive (careful with verbs of motion!), to follow, to think, to speak/say, to eat, to drink, to kill, to die, to smile, to laugh, to cry, to buy, to shoot(a gun), to jump, to smell, to see, to taste, to touch, to hear, to kiss, to burn, to melt, to dig, to explode, to sit, to stand, to love, to drive, to pass, to cut, to fight, to lie down, to dance, to sleep, to wake up, to sing, to count, to marry, to pray, to win, to lose, to mix/stir, to bend, to wash, to cook, to open, to close Adjectives/Adverbs that are somewhat easy to picture: long/short, tall/short, wide/narrow, big/small, slow/fast, hot/cold, new/old, good/bad, wet/dry, sick/healthy, loud/quiet, happy/sad, beautiful/ugly, deaf, nice/mean, rich/poor, thick/thin, expensive/cheap, flat/curved, male/female, tight/loose

Part 8: French in Action â&#x201E;˘ *

French in Action is a French language course, developed and created by Yale University Professor Pierre Capretz. While the course includes workbooks, textbooks, and a 52-episode television series, it is valuable to listen to these videos anyway. http://www.learner.org/vod/vod_window.html?pid=682

Part 9: Side-by-Side Texts *

Try using side-by-side texts to help you better see language in context. Overall, you will notice that language cannot be translated 'word-for-word', but it requires a translation of the meaning, before the words.

Sample 1 THE PRINCESS AND THE PEA LA PRINCESSE AU PETIT POIS Once upon a time there was a prince Il était une fois un prince qui voulait who wanted to marry a princess; but she épouser une princesse, mais une vraie would have to be a real princess. He princesse. Il fit le tour de la terre pour en travelled all over the world to find one, trouver une mais il y avait toujours but nowhere could he get what he quelque chose qui clochait; des wanted. There were princesses enough, princesses, il n'en manquait pas, mais but it was difficult to find out whether étaient-elles de vraies princesses? C'était they were real ones. There was always difficile à apprécier, toujours une chose something about them that was not as it ou l'autre ne lui semblait pas parfaite. Il should be. So he came home again and rentra chez lui tout triste, il aurait tant was sad, for he would have liked very voulu avoir une véritable princesse. much to have a real princess. One evening a terrible storm came on; Un soir, par un temps affreux, éclairs et there was thunder and lightning, and the tonnerre, cascade de pluie que c’en était rain poured down in torrents. Suddenly a effrayant, on frappa à la porte de la ville knocking was heard at the city gate, and et le vieux roi lui-même alla ouvrir. the old king went to open it. 37

It was a princess standing out there in front of the gate. But, good gracious! what a sight the rain and the wind had made her look. The water ran down from her hair and clothes; it ran down into the toes of her shoes and out again at the heels. And yet she said that she was a real princess. “Well, we’ll soon find that out,” thought the old queen. But she said nothing, went into the bed-room, took all the bedding off the bedstead, and laid a pea on the bottom; then she took twenty mattresses and laid them on the pea, and then twenty eider-down beds on top of the mattresses. On this the princess had to lie all night.

C’était une princesse qui était là dehors. Mais grands dieux! de quoi avait-elle l’air dans cette pluie, par ce temps! L’eau coulait de ses cheveux et de ses vêtements, entrait par la pointe de ses chaussures et ressortait par le talon ... et elle prétendait être une véritable princesse! “Nous allons bien voir ça,” pensait la vieille reine, mais elle ne dit rien. elle alla dans la chambre à coucher, retira la literie et mit un petit pois au fond du lit; elle prit ensuite vingt matelas qu’elle empila sur le petit pois et, par-dessus, elle mit encore vingt édredons en plumes d’eider. C’est là-dessus que la princesse devrait coucher cette nuit-là. In the morning she was asked how she Au matin, on lui demanda comment elle had slept. avait dormi. “Oh, very badly!” said she. “I have “Affreusement mal,” répondit-elle, “je scarcely closed my eyes all night. ‘n’ai presque pas fermé l’oeil de la nuit. Heaven only knows what was in the bed, Dieu sait ce qu’il y avait dans ce lit. but I was lying on something hard, so J’étais couchée sur quelque chose de si that I am black and blue all over my dur que j’en ai des bleus et des noirs sur body. It’s horrible!” tout le corps! C’est terrible!” Now they knew that she was a real Alors, ils reconnurent que c’était une princess because she had felt the pea vraie princesse puisque, à travers les right through the twenty mattresses and vingt matelas et les vingt édredons en the twenty eider-down beds. Nobody but plume d’eider, elle avait senti le petit a real princess could be as sensitive as pois. Une peau aussi sensible ne pouvait that être que celle d’une authentique princesse. So the prince took her for his wife, for Le prince la prit donc pour femme, sûr now he knew that he had a real princess; maintenant d’avoir une vraie princesse and the pea was put in the museum, et le petit pois fut exposé dans le cabinet where it may still be seen, if no one has des trésors d’art, où on peut encore le stolen it. voir si personne ne l’a emporté. There, that is a true story.

Et ceci est une vraie histoire.

Sample 2 For several days in succession fragments of a Pendant plusieurs jours de suite des lambeaux defeated army had passed through the town. d’armée en déroute avaient traversé la ville. Ce They were mere disorganized bands, not n’était point de la troupe, mais des hordes disciplined forces. The men wore long, dirty débandées. Les hommes avaient la barbe longue et beards and tattered uniforms; they advanced sale, des uniformes en guenilles, et ils avançaient in listless fashion, without a flag, without a d’une allure molle, sans drapeau, sans régiment. leader. All seemed exhausted, worn out, Tous semblaient accablés, éreintés, incapables incapable of thought or resolve, marching d’une pensée ou d’une résolution, marchant onward merely by force of habit, and seulement par habitude, et tombant de fatigue sitôt dropping to the ground with fatigue the qu’ils s’arrêtaient. On voyait surtout des moment they halted. One saw, in particular, mobilisés, gens pacifiques, rentiers tranquilles, many enlisted men, peaceful citizens, men pliant sous le poids du fusil ; des petits moblots who lived quietly on their income, bending alertes, faciles à l’épouvante et prompts à beneath the weight of their rifles; and little l’enthousiasme, prêts à l’attaque comme à la active volunteers, easily frightened but full of fuite ; puis, au milieu d’eux, quelques culottes enthusiasm, as eager to attack as they were rouges, débris d’une division moulue dans une ready to take to flight; and amid these, a grande bataille ; des artilleurs sombres alignés sprinkling of red-breeched soldiers, the avec des fantassins divers ; et, parfois, le casque pitiful remnant of a division cut down in a brillant d’un dragon au pied pesant qui suivait great battle; somber artillerymen, side by avec peine la marche plus légère des lignards. side with nondescript foot-soldiers; and, here and there, the gleaming helmet of a heavyfooted dragoon who had difficulty in keeping up with the quicker pace of the soldiers of the line.

Sample 3 Ici rien ne se passe Tout est dehors Le temps se plie comme un vêtement Dans un coin La mer rentre par transparence Par la porte de verre L’eau de la lumière tremble Sur les murs lisses

Here nothing happens all’s on the other side time folded like a coat lies in a corner the sea comes clearly in through the glass door and on the walls the watery light is trembling

Prison ou sanctuaire Fermé à double tour Par le regard même La paix de l’instant se boit Dans une coupe sans bord Là-bas un bateau gîte Toutes voiles dehors Et avec l’écume bleue Je mouille la page

prison or sanctuary so well locked up in its own vision that the instant’s peace is drunk in a rimless cup out there a ship is listing under sail and with the blue of the spray I damp the page

Sample 4 Correspondances

Correspondences

La Nature est un temple où de vivants piliers Laissent parfois sortir de confuses paroles; L'homme y passe à travers des forêts de symboles Qui l'observent avec des regards familiers.

Nature is a temple in which living pillars Sometimes give voice to confused words; Man passes there through forests of symbols Which look at him with understanding eyes.

Comme de longs échos qui de loin se confondent Dans une ténébreuse et profonde unité, Vaste comme la nuit et comme la clarté, Les parfums, les couleurs et les sons se répondent.

Like prolonged echoes mingling in the distance In a deep and tenebrous unity, Vast as the dark of night and as the light of day, Perfumes, sounds, and colors correspond.

II est des parfums frais comme des chairs d'enfants, There are perfumes as cool as the flesh of Doux comme les hautbois, verts comme les prairies, children, — Et d'autres, corrompus, riches et triomphants, Sweet as oboes, green as meadows — And others are corrupt, and rich, triumphant, Ayant l'expansion des choses infinies, Comme l'ambre, le musc, le benjoin et l'encens, Qui chantent les transports de l'esprit et des sens.

With power to expand into infinity, Like amber and incense, musk, benzoin, That sing the ecstasy of the soul and senses.

Sample 5 Parfum exotique

Exotic Perfume

Quand, les deux yeux fermés, en un soir chaud d'automne, Je respire l'odeur de ton sein chaleureux, Je vois se dérouler des rivages heureux Qu'éblouissent les feux d'un soleil monotone; Une île paresseuse où la nature donne Des arbres singuliers et des fruits savoureux; Des hommes dont le corps est mince et vigoureux, Et des femmes dont l'oeil par sa franchise étonne. Guidé par ton odeur vers de charmants climats, Je vois un port rempli de voiles et de mâts Encor tout fatigués par la vague marine, Pendant que le parfum des verts tamariniers, Qui circule dans l'air et m'enfle la narine, Se mêle dans mon âme au chant des mariniers.

When, with both my eyes closed, on a hot autumn night, I inhale the fragrance of your warm breast I see happy shores spread out before me, On which shines a dazzling and monotonous sun; A lazy isle to which nature has given Singular trees, savory fruits, Men with bodies vigorous and slender, And women in whose eyes shines a startling candor. Guided by your fragrance to these charming countries, I see a port filled with sails and rigging Still utterly wearied by the waves of the sea, While the perfume of the green tamarinds, That permeates the air, and elates my nostrils, Is mingled in my soul with the sailors' chanteys.

Sample 6 L'Albatros

The Albatross

Souvent, pour s'amuser, les hommes d'équipage Prennent des albatros, vastes oiseaux des mers, Qui suivent, indolents compagnons de voyage, Le navire glissant sur les gouffres amers.

Often, to amuse themselves, the men of a crew Catch albatrosses, those vast sea birds That indolently follow a ship As it glides over the deep, briny sea.

À peine les ont-ils déposés sur les planches, Que ces rois de l'azur, maladroits et honteux, Laissent piteusement leurs grandes ailes blanches Comme des avirons traîner à côté d'eux.

Scarcely have they placed them on the deck Than these kings of the sky, clumsy, ashamed, Pathetically let their great white wings Drag beside them like oars.

Ce voyageur ailé, comme il est gauche et veule! Lui, naguère si beau, qu'il est comique et laid! L'un agace son bec avec un brûle-gueule, L'autre mime, en boitant, l'infirme qui volait!

That winged voyager, how weak and gauche he is, So beautiful before, now comic and ugly! One man worries his beak with a stubby clay pipe; Another limps, mimics the cripple who once

Le Poète est semblable au prince des nuées Qui hante la tempête et se rit de l'archer; 41

Exilé sur le sol au milieu des huées, Ses ailes de géant l'empêchent de marcher.

flew! The poet resembles this prince of cloud and sky Who frequents the tempest and laughs at the bowman; When exiled on the earth, the butt of hoots and jeers, His giant wings prevent him from walking.

Bibliography 1) Reading and Adult English Language Learners: A Review of the Research. Miriam Burt, Joy Kreeft Peyton, & Rebecca Adams (2003) 2) Second Language Acquisition in Adults: From Research to Practice. Donna Moss & Lauren Ross-Feldman (Q & A, 2003) 3)Beginning to Work with Adult English Language Learners: Some Considerations. MaryAnn Cunningham Florez & Miriam Burt (Q & A, 2001) 4) Second Language Acquisition in Adult English Language Learners. Dora Johnson (annotated bibliography, 2001) 5) Research on Reading Development of Adult English Language Learners: An Annotated Bibliography. Rebecca Adams & Miriam Burt 6) Reading and Adult English Language Learners: The Role of the First Language Miriam Burt & Joy Kreeft Peyton (Q & A, 2003) 7) Corréard, Marie-Hélène. Pocket Oxford-Hachette French dictionary: French-English, English-French. 8) de Villers, Marie-Éva. Multidictionnaire de la langue française. 3e Ed. Montreal: Éditions Québec/Amérique, 1997 9) Robert, Paul. Le Petit Robert. Paris: Dictionnaires Le Robert, 2011. 10) The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2004. 11) ielanguages.com 12) The Gage Canadian Dictionary. Rev. Ed. Toronto: Gage Publishing Ltd., 2000.