Results of chemical analyses of samples from Temirtau and Nura
Martin BystrianskĂ˝ Institute of chemical technology Prague
Temirtau children playgrounds
Focus of the study
• Monitoring of influence of metalurgic plant ArcelorMittal on quality of the environment in Temirtau • Assumption: transmission of contamination through air – dust containing heavy metals and PCDD/F and dioxine-like PCBs • Soil samples from 6 playgrounds in Temirtau
Target contaminants • Heavy (toxic) metals: Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, As Released to environment from metalurgic industry Toxic for human health, animals and plants • Polychlorinated dibenzodioxines, dibenzofuranes and dioxine-like polychlorinated biphenyles Carcinogenic, bioaccumulative
Heavy metals toxicity • Mercury (Hg) – coal burning, chemical industry – high toxicity, affects nervous system, accumulates in biological matter and in sediments – Minamata (Japan) – 1950´s serious poisoning due to disposal of wastewater containing Hg, • Lead (Pb) – leaded petrol, high toxicity, affects blood cells and nervous system, Children are very sensitive on lead exposition
Heavy metals toxicity II • Cadmium (Cd): fertilizers, wastewaters, cigarettes – Very toxic, bioacumulative, carcinogenic, damages kidneys and bones – Itai-Itai: Japan, 1969, Cd poisoning • Arsenic (As): metalurgic plants, fossil fuels burning, carcinogenic, nervous poison (state AsIII+) • Chromium (Cr): metalurgic plants wastewater, toxic in state CrVI+ • Zinc (Zn): esential element for plants and animals, toxic for fish
Map of playgrounds
Pollution limits • Concentration of pollutants in samples were compared with RSL (Regional Screening Levels) – further exploration or removal of contamination shoul be carried out if RSL are exceeded. • Derived using exposure parameters and factors representing the maximum justifiable chronical exposure – based on the direct contact with target compounds. • RSL are derived from US EPA recommendation (2013)
Levels of pollution limits for playgrounds According to decree of the Czech Ministry of the environment Compound
CAS number
Playground [mg/kg]
Hg
7439-97-6
0,3
Pb
7439-92-1
50
Cd
7440-43-9
0,3
Cu
7440-50-8
45
Cr
18540-29-9
85
As
7440-66-6
10
Zn
7440-38-2
90
PCDD/F, dl-PCB
20 * Recommended value
Chemical analyses results Látka [mg/kg]
PG 1
PG 2
PG 3
PG 4
PG 5
PG 6
Hg
0,09
0,05
0,14
0,06
0,07
0,03
Pb
20,9
2410
77,9
19,0
27,2
13,9
Cd
0,4
0,3
0,5
0,2
0,2
0
Cu
19,1
17,9
22,2
16,4
17,6
13,9
Cr – total
24,5
19,2
31,2
19,6
21,0
21,0
As
0
0
0
0
0
0
Zn
112,3
129,3
156,8
72,3
95,4
60,2
PCDD/F, dl-PCB TEQ [ng/kg]
40
2,6
3,7
7,8
6,8
6,4
Comparison with other studies
Compound [mg/kg]
Temirtau Mean
Cu Pb Cd As Hg
SD
Madrid 2002 & 2003 Mean
Minmax
Hong Kong Mean
SD
16,14
4,73
Pueblo Mean
Minmax
18 316
21,3
9,47
375
38 & 898 22
6,1 106
89,94
52,6
87,7
0,19 & 0,17 0,14 7,3 & 0,00 6,9
0,05 – 0,50 3,7 16
0,94
0,31
2,53
16,5
4,57
12,6
0,29 0,00 0,07
0,03
Conclusions • In some samples higher concentrations of heavy metals (lead and zinc) and PCDD/F were determined • These compounds are adsorbed on particulate matter (dust) • Recommendations: 1) not to ventilate on dusty season 2) water town streets 3) exhaust gas treatment • Continue with monitoring
River Nura
Focus of the study
• Nura contamination caused by using Hg in former acetaldehyde plant „Karbid“ • Verification of previous remediation, identification of contamination
Examinated locality • River Nura sediments and ground on upper stream up to 20 km under Samarkand reservoir • Ground and chicken eggs from villages near to Nura river • Ash-deposite site near Temirtau, formerly used by plant Karbid for chemical waste disposal
Examinated locality
Levels of pollution limits Compound
CAS number
[mg/kg]
Ground [mg/kg dry matter] Industrial area
Other areas
Hg
7439-97-6
43
10
dioxines TEQ (ng/kg)
1746-01-6
1,8x10-5 18
4,5x10-6 4,5
PCB mixture of congeners
1336-36-3
0,74
0,22
Pb
7439-92-1
800
400
Cd
7440-43-9
800
70
Cu
7440-50-8
41 000
3 100
Cr – total
18540-29-9
5,6
0,29
As
7440-66-6
310 000
23 000
Zn
7440-38-2
2,4
0,61
Chemical analyses results – Nura sediments [mg/kg]
24/1
24/2
24/3
24/4
24/5
24/6
24/7
24/8
Hg
2,17
5,26
2,19
0,69
0,49
0,08
0,05
0,04
dioxines (ng/kg)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PCB
0,072
24,9
0,038
0
0,029
0,109
0,025
175
[mg/kg]
24/9
Sed 1
Sed 2
Sed 3
Sed 4
Sed 5 Sed 6
Sed 7
Hg
0,05
10,80
70,8
4,03
85,30
177,7
11,78
10,10
dioxines (ng/kg)
0
2,3
5,2
1,5
0
12
218
5,9
PCB
0
0
0
0
0
172
0,063
0,048
Chemical analyses results – heavy metals in Nura sediments compound [mg/kg]
minimum
average
maximum
Pb
5,4
24,5
232
Cd
0
0,10
0,80
Cu
7,8
18,4
38,9
Cr – total
7,7
18,4
40,3
As
22,2
60,4
146
Zn
0
0
0
Chemical analyses results – chemical landfill (ash-disposal site) • 12 ground and sediments samples • Heavy metals did not exceed chosen limits • PCB – detected only in 2 samples, limits were not exceeded
Intumak reservoir • Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Kazkhstan, 2013 • Elevated levels of Hg in Intumak fish in comparison to Samarkand reservoir fish • Values below Kazakh limits, but exceeded US EPA reference dose (0,22 ppm) • More than 70 km far from the potential source
Conclusions • In some samples higher concentration of mercury and PCB was determined • Hg and PCB are bioaccumulative, by consumption of contamined fish, human health can be damaged • Need of riverbed remediation • Concentration of other toxic compounds did not exceed limits indicating contamination • Soil from villages did not contain Hg or other contaminants • Samples from ash-disposal site did not contain higher concentrations of toxic compounds
• Thank you for your attention Martin Bystrianský, ICT Prague martin.bystriansky@vscht.cz
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