A93 by arsclassicacoins

AUCTION 93

A V ery I m p o rtAn t C o lle CtIo n C oIn s o f th e G erm AnIC m IGrAtIo n

24 May 2016

n u m I s m At I C A A r s C l A s s I C A ZÃ&#x153;RICH - LONDON

nAC AG

AUCTION 93 24 May 2016

A Very Important Collection of Coins of the Germanic Migration

Hotel Baur au Lac Talstrasse 1, 8001 Zurich Tel. + 41 (0) 44 220 50 20

NUMISMATICA ARS CLASSICA NAC AG www.arsclassicacoins.com

Niederdorfstrasse 43 CH – 8001 Zurich Tel. +41 (0) 44 261 1703 Fax +41 (0) 44 261 5324 zurich@arsclassicacoins.com

3rd Floor Genavco House 17 Waterloo Place London SW1Y 4AR – UK Tel. +44 (0) 20 7839 7270 Fax +44 (0) 20 7925 2174 info@arsclassicacoins.com

Auktionsbedingungen Durch die Teilnahme an der Auktion werden die folgenden Bedingungen anerkannt: 1. Die Versteigerung erfolgt in Schweizerfranken. Der Zuschlag erfolgt nach dreimaligem Aufruf an den Höchstbietenden, dessen Gebot vom Auktionator anerkannt wurde und verpflichtet zur Annahme. Der Ausruf erfolgt in der Regel bei 80%, sofern nicht höhere Angebote vorliegen. Schriftliche Gebote haben Vorrang. Jeder Ersteigerer verpflichtet sich persönlich für die durch ihn getätigten Käufe. Er kann nicht geltend machen, für Rechnung Dritter gehandelt zu haben. 2. Telefonische oder schriftliche Bietaufträge (auch auf elektronischem Weg) von nichtanwesenden Interessenten werden bis 24 Stunden vor Auktionsbeginn entgegengenommen. Telefonische Bieter sind damit einverstanden, dass das Gespräch aufgezeichnet werden kann. Das Auktionshaus übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für schriftliche, elektronische und telefonische Bietaufträge. 3. Bieter werden gebeten, sich vor der Auktion zu legitimieren und anschliessend registrieren zu lassen. Das Auktionshaus kann eine Bankreferenz und/oder Sicherheiten verlangen. Es steht im Ermessen des Auktionshauses, eine Person nicht an der Auktion teilnehmen zu lassen. 4. Es steht dem Versteigerer nach seinem Ermessen frei, ein Gebot heraufzusetzen oder ohne Angabe von Gründen abzulehnen. Der Versteigerer behält sich ferner das Recht vor, Lose zu vereinigen, zu trennen, ausserhalb der Reihenfolge anzubieten oder wegzulassen bzw. von der Auktion zurückzuziehen. 5. Auf dem Zuschlagspreis ist ein Aufgeld von 20.0% zu entrichten - Telefonbieter und Internet Live Bieter entrichten ein zusätzliches Aufgeld von 1.5% auf den Zuschlagspreis. Die schweizerische Mehrwertsteuer von 8,0% wird auf den Endpreis (Zuschlagspreis plus Aufgeld und auf allen andern vom Auktionshaus dem Käufer in Rechnung gestellten Beträgen) erhoben. Goldmünzen (AV) sind von der MWST befreit. Bei Ausfuhr des ersteigerten Objekts ins Ausland wird dem Käufer die MwSt zurückerstattet, wenn er eine rechtsgültige Ausfuhrdeklaration des schweizerischen Zolls beibringt. 6. Der Gesamtpreis wird mit dem erfolgtem Zuschlag zur Zahlung fällig und ist bei der Aushändigung des Objekts zu bezahlen, ausser es sei vor der Auktion eine andere Abmachung getroffen worden. Für verspätete Zahlungen wird ein Verzugszins von 1% pro Monat in Rechnung gestellt. Das Eigentum geht erst mit der vollständigen Bezahlung auf den Käufer über. In der Regel liefert NAC das ersteigerte Objekt nicht vor der Bezahlung an den Käufer aus. Eine allfällige frühere Auslieferung bewirkt keinen Eigentumsübergang und ändert nichts an der Zahlungsverpflichtung des Käufers. Hat der Käufer nicht sofort und auch nicht innert fünf Tagen ab Erhalt einer eingeschriebenen schriftlichen Mahnung bezahlt, so ist NAC ohne weiteres und ohne weitere Anzeige berechtigt, vom Verkauf zurückzutreten. 7. Versand- und Versicherungskosten erfolgen auf Kosten und Risiko des Empfängers. Im Ausland verrechnete Gebühren und Steuern gehen zulasten des Käufers (Ersteigerers). Diesem obliegt es, sich über ausländische Zoll- und Devisenvorschriften zu informieren. Das Auktionshaus übernimmt keine Haftung für allfällige Zuwiderhandlungen gegen solche Vorschriften. 8. Das Auktionshaus garantiert vorbehaltlos und zeitlich unbeschränkt für die Echtheit der Münzen. Alle Angaben im Katalog sind nach bestem Wissen und Gewissen zusammengestellt. 9. Die zur Versteigerung gelangenden Objekte werden für Rechnung Dritter versteigert oder sind Eigentum des Auktionshauses. Der Käufer (Ersteigerer) hat keinen Anspruch auf Bekanntgabe des Einlieferers und ist damit einverstanden, dass das Auktionshaus auch von diesem eine Provision erhält. 10. Die vorstehenden Bedingungen sind Bestandteil eines jeden einzelnen an der Auktion geschlossenen Kaufvertrags. Abänderungen sind nur schriftlich gültig. Sofern Teile dieser Auktionsbedingungen der geltenden Rechtslage nicht mehr oder nicht vollständig entsprechen sollten, bleiben die übrigen Teile in ihrem Inhalt und ihrer Gültigkeit unberührt. Massgebend ist die deutsche Fassung dieser Auktionsbedingungen. 11. Das Vertragsverhältnis zwischen den Parteien untersteht in allen Teilen dem schweizerischen Recht. Erfüllungsort ist am Sitz des Auktionshauses in 8001 Zürich, und ausschliesslicher Gerichtsstand ist Zürich.

Conditions of Sale The following terms and conditions are accepted by all persons participating in the auction: 1. Auction bidding is conducted in Swiss Francs. The highest bidder who has been acknowledged by the auctioneer when the hammer falls after the third call has legally bought the lot. Bidding usually begins at 80% of the estimate, provided no higher offers have been submitted. Written bids have priority. The successful bidder has committed himself personally to the purchases made. He cannot claim to have acted on behalf of a third party. 2. Absentee bidders can bid up to 24 hours before the start of the auction by writing, telephone or electronically. Telephone bidders must agree that calls may be recorded. The auction house does not accept liability for bidding mandates made by telephone, electronically or in writing. 3. Bidders must show proof of identification before the auction, and subsequently be registered. The Auction House may require a bank reference and/or guarantee. The Auction House reserves the right to deny a person from participating in the auction. 4. The auctioneer may raise or reject a bid without giving a reason, and furthermore reserves the right to combine or split up catalogue lots, or to offer them out of sequence or omit or withdraw them from the auction. 5. A commission of 20.0% will be levied on the hammer price - phone bidders and bidders using our Live Internet facilities pay an additional charge of 1,5%. The Swiss value added tax (VAT) of 8,0% is payable on the final price (hammer price, plus buyer’s commission and any other amounts chargeable by the Auction House to the buyer). Gold coins (AV) are exempt from VAT. If the purchases are exported, then the VAT will be refunded on production of a legally valid original export declaration issued by the Swiss Customs.

6. Payment is in Swiss Francs and is immediately due upon adjudication of the lot and has to be paid with the release of the object to the Buyer, unless otherwise agreed before the sale. Late payments will incur a monthly default interest of 1%. Title in a lot will not pass to the Buyer until NAC has received full payment on his account. NAC will generally not release a lot to a Buyer before payment. Earlier release of the lot does not affect its title nor the Buyer’s obligation to pay. If the Buyer has failed to make immediate payment and within 5 days after receipt of a registered, written reminder by NAC to the buyer, NAC may in its sole discretion cancel the sale of the lot. 7. Shipping and insurance are at the buyer’s cost and risk. Any fees and charges payable abroad are borne by the buyer (successful bidder) who is responsible for acquiring the necessary information about any applicable customs and foreign exchange regulations. The Auction House accepts no liability for any contraventions of such regulations. 8. The Auction House offers an unconditional and unlimited guarantee for the authenticity of coins. All identifications and descriptions of the items sold in this catalogue are statements of opinion and were made in good faith. 9. The objects which come under the hammer are auctioned on behalf of a third party or are the property of the Auction House. The buyer (successful bidder) has no entitlement to have the identity of the consignor disclosed to them and acknowledges that the Auction House might receive a commission from the consignor for the sale. 10. The above conditions are a component of each individual contract of sale concluded at the auction. Alterations must be made in writing in order to be valid. If any parts of these Terms and Conditions should be no longer or not fully in conformity with the valid legal situation, this shall not affect the content and validity of the remaining parts. The abovementioned conditions are written in German, French, Italian and English; the only valid text is the German one. 11. The contractual relationship between parties is subject in all facets to Swiss law. Place of performance is the registered office of the Auction House in 8001 Zurich, and the exclusive court of jurisdiction is Zurich.

Conditions de la vente aux enchères Du fait de la participation à la vente aux enchères, les conditions suivantes sont réputées être acceptées : 1. Les enchères sont effectuées en Francs Suisses. L’adjudication est réalisée après trois appels consécutifs du plus offrant dont l’offre a été acceptée par le commissaire priseur et qui constitue une obligation. La mise à prix est effectuée en règle générale à 80 %, dans la mesure où il n’y a pas d’offres disponibles et plus élevées. Les offres formulées par écrit sont prioritaires. Chaque enchérisseur s’engage personnellement en ce qui concerne les acquisitions réalisées par ses soins. Il ne peut pas faire valoir le fait d’avoir agi pour le compte d’une tierce personne. 2. Les demandes d’enchères par téléphone ou par écrit (également par moyen électronique) pour les personnes intéressées et non présentes sont réceptionnées jusqu’à 24 heures avant le début de la vente aux enchères. Les enchérisseurs par téléphone acceptent que la communication téléphonique puisse être enregistrée. La salle des ventes n’assume aucune responsabilité quant aux enchères effectuées par téléphone, électronique ou par écrit. 3. Les enchérisseurs sont priés de se légitimer avant la vente aux enchères et de se faire enregistrer à l’issue de la vente. La salle des ventes peut exiger une référence bancaire et/ou une garantie. La salle des ventes a le droit de ne pas laisser une personne participer à la vente aux enchères. 4. L’enchérisseur peut, à sa guise, surenchérir une offre ou bien la décliner sans indication de motifs. L’enchérisseur se réserve en outre le droit d’associer des lots, de les séparer, de faire des offres en dehors de l’ordre prévu ou de les laisser de côté, voire de se retirer de la vente aux enchères. 5. Une commission de 20.0% est perçue sur le prix d'adjudication. Les acquéreurs qui souhaitent participer aux enchères par téléphone ou en ligne avec nos facilités Live Internet paieront un frais supplémentaire de 1,5%. La taxe à la valeur ajoutée suisse d’un montant de 8,0 % sera perçue sur le prix définitif (prix d’adjudication plus supplément et sur tous les autres montants facturés à l’acquéreur par la salle des ventes). Les pièces de monnaie en or (AV) sont dispensées de la TVA. En cas d’exportation de l’objet adjugé vers l’étranger, l’acquéreur se voit restituer la TVA lorsqu’il est en mesure de présenter une déclaration d’exportation réglementaire, en bonne et due forme, des autorités douanières suisses. 6. Le prix total en francs suisses est exigible immédiatement après adjudication et doit être acquitté lors de la remise de l'objet adjugé. Pour les paiements effectués ultérieurement un intérêt moratoire de 1% par mois sera facturé. La transmission de la propriété à l'acquéreur a lieu seulement à paiement intégral. En général, NAC ne remets l'objet adjugé à l'acquéreur pas avant paiement. Une éventuelle remise de l'objet n'a cependant pas de l'influence ni sur la propriété du vendeur ni sur l'obligation de l'acquéreur de payer. En cas que l'acquéreur n'a pas payé simultanément et non plus entre les cinq jours après réception d'un avertissement sous pli recommandé, NAC est en droit de se départir du contrat sans autre formalité et sans avis ultérieur. 7. Les frais d’envoi et d’assurance sont à charge et au risque de l’acheteur. Les taxes ou les impôts facturés à l’étranger sont à la charge de l’acquéreur (enchérisseur). Il lui incombe de s’informer au sujet des directives étrangères en matière de douane et de devises. La salle des ventes décline toute responsabilité pour les éventuelles infractions à l’encontre de ces directives. 8. La salle des ventes garantit l’authenticité des monnaies sans réserve et sans limitation dans le temps. Toutes les indications mentionnées dans le catalogue sont rassemblées en toute conscience et en toute bonne foi. 9. Les objets mis aux enchères le sont pour le compte de tierces personnes ou bien sont la propriété de la salle des ventes. L’acquéreur (enchérisseur) n’a aucun droit d’obtenir communication du nom de la personne qui met en vente et se déclare en accord avec le fait que la salle des ventes perçoive une provision de cette dernière. 10. Les présentes conditions font partie intégrante de tout contrat de vente conclu dans le cadre de la vente aux enchères. Les modifications ne sont valables que par écrit. Le fait que des parties des présentes conditions de vente aux enchères venaient à ne plus correspondre, ou du moins plus intégralement, à la situation juridique en vigueur, n’affecte en rien les autres parties, ni dans leur contenu, ni dans leur validité. La version en langue allemande constitue la référence des présentes conditions de vente aux enchères. 11. La relation contractuelle entre les parties en cause est soumise, dans toutes ses composantes, au droit Suisse. La compétence juridique est fixée au siège de la salle des ventes à 8001 Zurich, et le for juridique exclusif est Zurich.

Condizioni di vendita La partecipazione all’asta comporta l’accettazione delle seguenti condizioni: 1. La valuta in cui viene condotta l’asta è il Franco Svizzero. L’aggiudicazione al miglior offerente, individuato dal banditore, avviene dopo la terza chiamata e comporta per l’aggiudicatario l’acquisto con tutti i relativi obblighi di legge. Le offerte partono generalmente dall’ 80% del prezzo di stima a meno che una o più offerte d’importo maggiore siano state presentate. Le offerte scritte hanno la precedenza. Il partecipante all’asta è personalmente responsabile per l’acquisto effettuato e non può pretendere di avere agito per conto di terzi. 2. I partecipanti all’asta non presenti in sala possono presentare offerte telefonicamente, in forma scritta, o per via elettronica fino a 24 ore prima dell’inizio dell’asta. Chi trasmette la propria offerta telefonicamente presta il proprio consenso all’eventuale registrazione della telefonata. La casa d’asta non assume alcun tipo di responsabilità per le offerte trasmesse in forma scritta, elettronica o telefonica. 3. I partecipanti, per concorrere all’asta, dovranno esibire un documento d’identità e registrarsi. La casa d’asta si riserva il diritto di richiedere referenze bancarie o un deposito cauzionale per permettere la partecipazione all’asta. La casa d’asta si riserva inoltre il diritto di non permettere a un soggetto la partecipazione all’asta. 4. Il banditore d’asta ha facoltà di aumentare o rifiutare un’offerta secondo la propria discrezionalità e senza necessità di fornire una motivazione. Il banditore si riserva inoltre il diritto di unire, separare, cambiare la sequenza prevista o di eliminare e/o ritirare dall’asta determinati lotti. 5. Al prezzo d’aggiudicazione va aggiunta una commissione del 20.0%. Gli offerenti che parteciperanno all’asta per telefono o ‘live’ attraverso internet pagheranno un costo supplementare dell’1,5%. L’imposta svizzera sul valore aggiunto, pari attualmente al 8,0%, viene applicata sul prezzo finale (prezzo d’aggiudicazione più commissione ed ogni altro importo imputabile al compratore dalla casa d’aste). Le monete in oro (AV) sono esonerate dal pagamento dell’IVA. In caso d’esportazione dell’oggetto acquistato all’asta verso un paese estero, il compratore ha diritto al rimborso dell’IVA dietro consegna di una valida dichiarazione d’esportazione dell’ufficio doganale della Confederazione Elvetica. 6. Il pagamento è da effettuarsi in Franchi Svizzeri immediatamente all’aggiudicazione del lotto, a meno che concordato diversamente prima dell’asta. In caso di ritardato pagamento il tasso d’interesse moratorio applicabile è pari all’1% mensile. La proprietà del lotto non passerà al compratore fino a che la NAC non riceverà il pagamento a saldo dell’acquisto. Generalmente la NAC non rilascia un lotto al compratore prima di ricevere il pagamento di tale. La consegna anticipata di un lotto non incide sulla proprietà di tale ne’ sull’obbligo di pagamento da parte del compratore. Se il compratore no paga subito e nel caso in cui egli non effettui il pagamento entro 5 giorni dalla ricezione di una raccomandata, scritta da NAC come avviso di mancato pagamento, la NAC si riserverà la facoltà di cancellare la vendita di tale lotto. 7. I costi ed il rischio della spedizione sono a carico del destinatario. Qualunque imposta e contributo legalmente dovuto nel paese d’esportazione è a carico dell’acquirente (compratore in sede d’asta) su cui ricade la responsabilità per la conoscenza delle norme vigenti in materia doganale e di valuta. La casa d’aste non assume alcuna responsabilità per l’eventuale violazione di tali prescrizioni. 8. La casa d’asta offre una garanzia incondizionata e senza riserva di tempo sull’autenticità delle monete. Le indicazioni e descrizioni contenute nel catalogo sono opinioni soggettive e sono espresse in buona fede. 9. Gli oggetti offerti vengono messi all’asta per conto di terzi o sono di proprietà della casa d’asta. L’acquirente (compratore in sede d’asta) non ha il diritto di conoscere l’identità del consegnatario dell’oggetto e prende atto che alla casa d’asta potrebbe venir corrisposta dal consegnatario una commissione per la vendita. 10. Le condizioni sopra menzionate costituiscono parte integrante di ciascun contratto individuale di vendita concluso nell’asta. Eventuali modifiche saranno ritenute valide solo se fatte in forma scritta. Nel caso in cui una parte delle presenti Condizioni di Vendita dovesse essere non più totalmente conforme alla vigenti disposizioni di legge, cioè non avrà effetto sulla validità delle parti restanti. L’unica versione di testo delle Condizioni di Vendita che ha valore legale è quella in lingua tedesca. 11. Il rapporto contrattuale fra le parti è regolato in tutti i suoi aspetti dal diritto della Confederazione Elvetica. Il luogo d’adempimento è la sede della casa d’aste a Zurigo (8001). Il foro competente è esclusivamente quello di Zurigo.

US IMPORT RESTRICTIONS ON COINS OF ITALIAN AND GREEK TYPE None of the coins offered in this sale are subject to any kind of US import restrictions, since we are in possession of the necessary documentation for importation into the United States. Nevertheless, Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG endeavours to provide its American clients with the best service possible and we will therefore take it upon ourselves whenever possible to carry out all of the customs formalities for importation into the USA and will then ship the lots to each individual client from within the United States.

TIME TABLE

ZEITTAFEL

ORDRE DE VENTE

Monday, 23 May 2016

11:15 – 13:30

ORDINE DI VENDITA

1087 – 1353

EXHIBITIONS AUSSTELLUNG EXPOSITION ESPOSIZIONI

London – At our premises 25 April – 6 May 2016 Monday to Friday 9:30 – 17:30 Saturday & Sunday by appointment only

Zurich At the Zurich premises (2nd Floor):

Thursday, 19 May 2016 Friday, 20 May 2016 Saturday, 21 May 2016

At the Hotel Baur au Lac, Talstrasse 1, 8001 Zurich:

Sunday, 22 May 2016 Monday 23 May 2016

09:30 – 17:30 09:30 – 17:30 By appointment 09:30 – 18:00 09:00 – 11:30

Please visit our auction online at www.arsclassicacoins.com

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Gradi di conservazione Grades of preservation

Erhaltungsgrad

Degrés de conservation Grados de Conservación

Fdc Fior di conio Spl Splendido BB Bellissimo MB Molto bello

Stempelglanz Vorzüglich Sehr schön Schön

Fleur de coin (FDC) Superbe Très beau Beau

Fdc Uncirculated Extremely fine Very fine Fine

FDC EBC MBC BC

Foreword Never has it been so easy for me to write a foreword to a catalogue where the collector has decided to remain anonymous; indeed, no word could better describe the spirit and the competence of the collector than the coins themselves. Coins of the Germanic populations are at the same time both fascinating and enigmatic and their attributions often present small stylistic or epigraphic nuances that only a true expert can decipher. The subtlety and intricacy in interpreting these coins therefore presents a real feat to whoever decides to take on such a collection, an undertaking that requires not only continued and updated research, but also a particular sense of intuition. The collection that we present in this catalogue was assembled with continued passion and competence over the course of more than thirty years, with coins acquired from the most important collections sold in this field such as Garret, Lacam, De Wit and Dreesman. The result is an extraordinary collection in which not only all of the coinages of the Germanic migration are represented, but also where the Ostrogothic, Vandal and Lombard part is preponderant. This part is arguably the most important series to be offered at auction in the history of numismatics. There are countless important coins in this sale, therefore we will limit ourselves to mentioning only a small selection including the lots formerly belonging to the Lacam collection, which are unrecorded in all major reference works, but published by Lacam in his 1983 work. Especially rare and noteworthy are the solidus issued by Sigismund, king of the Burgundians (lot 1252) and a tremissis minted at Aosta by the moneyer Betto (1258), the first coin to bear the name of the city on its reverse. The coins of the Lombards are certainly the most interesting part of the collection. Indeed, this series includes issues from both the pseudo-imperial period, minted in the transalpine region (lots 1259-1260) and the regal period with the names of the various rulers. Among these, it is important to mention the solidus in the name of Constans II, probably minted at Spoletum (lot 1283); the series of tremisses of Lucca (lots 1293-1295); the tremisses attributed to Aripert II and Liutprand (lots 1299-1310); the series of tremisses bearing the names of the moneyers (lots 1311-1313) and the exceptionally rare tremisses of Ratchis (lots 1314-1317) and Aiustulf (lot 1316). Finally, the duchy of Beneventum is also well represented with fascinating coins such as lot 1323, an imitation of a solidus of Constantine IV; the series of solidi and tremisses issued by Liutprand (lots 1328-1330); and the solidus and tremisses of the interregnum (lot 1331-1332). I would like to conclude this foreword with a few words about the collector. First of all, the catalogue is his work, in that his detailed notes and attributions were of precious help to us in its production. I would like to add that we almost immediately found ourselves on the same wavelength. After all, he is a true collector and, other than being a commercial company that conducts auctions, NAC is made up of numismatists who love coins and know immediately how to recognise other people who share this passion. It is a great honour for NAC to auction this collection and we hope that this catalogue will become not only a useful tool for classifying coins of this period, but also a point of reference for collectors wishing to embark on collecting this difficult and fascinating coinage. I cannot finish this foreword without thanking Professor Alfredo Maria Santoro from the UniversitĂ degli Studi di Salerno for having written some of the historical notes which enrich and enlighten this catalogue. Â

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Bibliography AIIN

ANS NNM ANS MN Arslan Arslan Cividale Belfort Bernareggi Bernareggi in Annali BMC Vandals Demo Fagerlie Forum Iulii Giannocaro-Orlandoni Hunter Kent Kraus Lacam LRC MEC 1 Metlich MIB MIR Morrison-Schwats NC Oddy Prou. QT Reinhart RIC RIN RN Sabatier SNL Tolstoi Tomasini Ulrich-Bansa

Annali dell’Istituto Italiano di Numismatica, Rome. American Numismatic Society, Numismatic Notes and Monographs. New York. American Numismatic Society; Museum Notes. New York. E.A. Arslan. Le monete di ostrogoti, longobardi e vandali, catalogo delle Civiche Raccolte Numismatiche de Milano. Milan 1978. E. Arslan 1990, Le monete, in I Longobardi. Milan 1990. A. de Belfort, Description générale des monnaies mérovingiennes. 5 Vols. Paris 1895. E. Bernareggi, Il sistema economico e la monetazione dei longobardi nella Italia superiore. Milan 1960 E. Bernareggi, Problemi di numismatica longobarda. Le cosidette “Silique de Pertarito” in AIIN 12-14, 1965-7. Western & Provincial Byzantine coins of the Vandals, Ostrogoths and Lombards etc. by Warwick Wroth in the British Museum. London 1911. Z. Demo, Ostrogothic Coinage from Collections in Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia & Herzegovina. Ljubljana. J. M. Fagerlie, Late Roman and Byzantine Solidi found in Sweden and Denmark, in ANSNNM 1967. Annuario del Museo Nazionale di Cividale del Friuli. Udine 1993-present. F. Giannocaro & M. Orlanodoni, “Una moneta inedita ed unica di Ildibardo re dei Goti”, in QT VII, 1978. J. Bateson, I. G. Campbell, Byzantine and Early Medieval Western European coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet. Glasgow 1998. J. P. C. Kent, The coinage of Theodoric in the names of Anastasius and Justin I, in Essays Baldwin. London 1971. F. F. Kraus 1928, Die Münzen Odovacars und des Ostgotenreiches in Italien. Halle 1928. G. Lacam, La fin de l’Empire Romain et le monnayage d’or en Italie. Lucerna 1983 P. Grierson-M. Mays, Catalogue of Late Roman Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection, Washington, D.C. 1992 P. Grierson and M. Blackburn. Medieval European Coinage, Vol I, The Early Middle Ages. Cambridge 1986. M.A. Metlich. The Coinage of Ostrogothic Italy. London 2004. W. Hahn. Moneta Imperii Byzantini. 3 Vols. Vienna 1973-81. Alberto Varesi et al., Monete italiane regionali. Pavia 1998-2011. C. Morrison, J. H. Schwartz, Vandal Silver Coinage in the Name of Honorius, in ANS MN 27, 1982. The Numismatic Chronicle. Royal Numismatic Society. London 1838-present. Oddy, W.A. “Analysis of the Gold Coinage of Beneventum” in NC 1974. M. Prou, Les monnaies mérovingiennes. Paris 1896. Quaderni Ticinesi. Lugano. W. Reinhart, Die Münzen des westgotischen Reiches von Toledo, in Deutsches Jahrbuch für Numismatik 3-4, 1940. H. Mattingly and E.A. Sydenham. The Roman Imperial Coinage Vol. I-X. London 1923 ff. Rivista Italiana di Numismatica e scienze affini, Milan 1888-present. Révue Numismatique. Société Français de Numismatique. Paris 1836-present. J. Sabatier, Description générale des monniaes Byzantines. 2 Vols. Paris, 1863. Z. Demo, Ostrogothic Coinage from Collections in Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia & Herzegovina. Ljubljana. I.I. Tolstoi, Monnaies byzantines. St. Petersburg. 1912-14. W. J. Tomasini, The barbaric tremissis in Spain and Southern France – Anastasius to Leovigild, ANS NNM 152, 164. O. Ulrich-Bansa, Moneta Mediolanensis (352-498), Venice 1949

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