Civil War News April 2016 by Artilleryman Magazine

Civil War News $3.00

Vol. 42, No. 3

48 Pages, April 2016

Battlefield Of Franklin Land Preservation Purchase By Gregory L. Wade

FRANKLIN, Tenn. — What is considered the bloodiest acreage in the Nov. 30, 1864, Battle of Franklin is now being reclaimed as part of the evolving Carter Hill Battlefield Park. Local preservation leaders recently closed on a $2.8 million purchase from owners Reid and Brenda Lovell after a months-long process of coordinating various funding sources for the critical 1.6 acres that adjoin the Carter House, a major battle landmark. Details were recently provided at a press conference led by Franklin’s Charge board member Julian Bibb, who praised the “remarkable transition” of the Franklin battlefield. Franklin’s Charge is a coalition of civic and preservation groups who joined together more than ten years ago to purchase local battleground. Over 150 years ago the Army of Tennessee stepped off in a series of charges to be virtually destroyed by Federals under John Schofield in hopes of taking Franklin and later Nashville. At that time, most of the terrain was open farmland on the outskirts of what was once a small Middle Tennessee farming community. Over time development covered much of the battlefield with houses, light industry, and small businesses. All that remained of the critical area where the Confederates temporarily broke the Federal line was the small farmhouse and a few acres known as the Carter House farm. The 1.6 acres purchased, which adjoin the southern boundary of the Carter House property, is comprised of two lots. Today, they are occupied by a flower shop and other structures

that were turned over to the City of Franklin Parks Department by Franklin’s Charge and the Battle of Franklin’s Trust (BOFT), managers of the Carter House the nearby Carnton Plantation. The structures will be removed in coming months, possibly relocated for other use. The purchase is only the latest step in a long and arduous effort to rebuild the Franklin battlefield. “It had to be a miracle,” quipped Civil War Trust (CWT) President James Lighthizer, referring to the most recent acquisition. Local resident Michael Grainger, long time Trust board member and former chairman, said, “Local leadership has been incredible and will continue to be a partner [with the CWT].” In 2005, after years of frustration attempting to preserve Franklin battleground, local preservationists decided it would have to be done the hard way, by buying properties, often with buildings on them. The largest parcel of land was originally a local golf course slated to be sold to a developer to build houses on what was the right flank of the Confederate attack north toward the Federal lines just south of the town. It was then that Franklin’s Charge came into existence. Funds have been raised for the $5 million purchase from private donors, the CWT, the City of Franklin and others. That 110-acre segment, now fully interpreted and known as the Eastern Flank Battlefield, is what got the preservation ball rolling in Franklin. Since that time nine other parcels in proximity to the Carter House have been purchased and have been, or will be, turned over to the Frank-

Franklin Charge leader Julian Bibb speaks at the Lovell purchase closing. (Gregory L. Wade photos)

Battle of Franklin. 1891 print by Kurz and Allison. Restoration by Adam Cuerden. (Library of Congress) lin Parks Department, according to Bibb. But it was the land just south of the Carter House, long considered the most bloodied ground in Franklin, and some say in America, that was the most coveted. BOFT Chief Executive Officer Eric Jacobson noted, “to not have this ground reclaimed and preserved, would be like having Omaha Beach cut out of Normandy.” The most recent acquisition evolved when Franklin’s Charge and the BOFT began discussions with the Lovells, who have a strong sense of the history of the land, having grown up in Franklin. “I was born and raised in Franklin on ground many believe should have been a national park,” said Reid Lovell. He recalled when visitors came to town and had to envision what happened, not walk on ground where it transpired. “My great-grandfather, who fought here, and my parents would be proud of what we are doing here today,” he said at the press conference. The Franklin Board of Mayor and Aldermen voted unanimously in February to fund part of the remaining debt on the Lovell property purchase. The previously saved plots, valued at $6.8 million, are being transferred to the city in exchange for $1.08 million to be paid by the city on a non-interest basis over seven years. These funds will cover the balance now bridged by a local bank and will be derived from the city’s hotel-motel tax. Local banker Chuck Isaacs was instrumental in working out the loans. All the city funds are allotted as well as a donation of $25,000 by his employer, First Farmers and Merchants Bank. A $1.3 million grant from the National Park Service’s American Battlefield Protection Program (ABPP) was a major piece of the

Franklin Alderman Michael Skinner, left, and Franklin Charge Board member Ernie Bacon attended the Franklin press conference. funding and the most complex, according to Bibb. “With help from city officials, the Civil War Trust and others at the ABPP, we got it done,” Bibb noted. Other funding came from private donors including local Civil War Trust board member Grainger, who has been involved with other national preservation efforts. Representatives of Save the Franklin Battlefield, the oldest battlefield

preservation group in Franklin who for years advocated the possibility of a battleground park, attended the signing of official documents and “have been with us every step,” said Bibb. The site interpretation work will be led by representatives of the Tennessee Civil War National Heritage

H Franklin

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Inside this issue: 23 – Black Powder, White Smoke 24 – Book Reviews 33 – Critics Corner 36 – Events Section

11 – The Source 8 – Through The Lens 10 – Treasures From The Museum 14 – The Watchdog

Civil War News

April 2016

Paging Through

Roundtable News

By Jack Melton

By Greg Biggs

Since the first of this year, publishing Civil War News and serving its community has been an honor and a privilege for us. We have spent countless hours putting together the news briefs, upcoming calendar of events, laying out current news articles, planning trips to cover future shows and activities and brainstorming new ideas based upon suggestions from our reader survey. We would like to give special thanks to Kay Jorgensen for sticking with us and helping out with editing the book reviews, consulting and so much more. Reaching out to new and existing advertisers and, of course, getting to know many of our subscribers personally, even if by telephone is very enjoyable to us. We have made new friends and enjoy speaking to old acquaintances. We are very surprised at how often the phone rings here at Historical Publications. In the past two months that we have answered over 1,500 emails and several hundred phone calls from so many supporters and followers. Many gave excellent suggestions and ideas for upcoming issues; others called just to say “thank you for a job well done and keep up the good work”. We appreciate your input and are open to all comments and criticisms, constructive, of course. We are acting on suggestions sent by the more than 700 people who replied to the survey. Many asked for

more coverage of artifacts and museums and we hope they enjoy the new “Treasures From The Museum” feature. There are no generals here at the Civil War News; we are publishers, editors, contributors, graphic designers, and hard workers. Peggy and I just want to thank all of you who make our day, every day! Quote of the month: Why, sir, in the beginning, we appointed all our worst generals to command the armies, and all our best generals to edit the newspapers. As you know, I have planned some campaigns and quite a number of battles. I have given the work all the care and thought I could, and sometimes, when my plans were completed, as far as I could see, they seemed to be perfect. But when I have fought them through, I have discovered defects and occasionally wondered I did not see some of the defects in advance. When it was all over, I found by reading a newspaper that these best editor generals saw all the defects plainly from the start. Unfortunately, they did not communicate their knowledge to me until it was too late. I am willing to yield my place to these best generals, and I will do my best for the cause in editing a newspaper. Gen. Robert E. Lee

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Sharing Speakers Makes Sense If you stop to look at it, running a Civil War roundtable is exactly like running a small business. You take in money from members (your customers) via dues; find a product to sell to them (your speakers) so they keep coming back and then market your business to attract new customers (promoting your CWRT). Thus, like all businesses, costs are always a concern. Some CWRTs have huge budgets because they have lots of members. Others have 20 to 40 members and have a hard time spending on a big name speaker to help draw in new members whereas the big ones have no problem getting in the biggest names in the Civil War business. So how does this get solved? Before I answer a little history is in order. I began in the CWRT movement while living in California in the 1980s. I joined the Long Beach and Los Angeles CWRTs in 1988. After moving to Ohio in 1992, I co-founded a CWRT in the small town of Celina. We grew to about 35 members but even with that we could not afford to bring in an Ed Bearss, Gary Gallagher, Gary Joiner, etc. as we would never really have the treasury to do so. Yet several years later we did bring in Ed Bearss, Will Greene and the late Jerry Russell among a few others. How did we do this? We did so by sharing these speakers with other CWRTs in our area. We worked with Dayton, Columbus, Fort Wayne, Hamilton and Cincinnati at times to share speakers. We met on the same week of the month on different nights, so it was very easy to work these things out with other CWRTs in our area. We were no more than two hours from any of these CWRTs, so distance was not a concern. I “borrowed” the idea from the CWRTs down in Texas who worked along these lines sharing speakers between Dallas, Waco, Houston and even the New Orleans CWRT. It has worked for them for many years and continues to do so. Charles Nunez, who programs the New Orleans CWRT, tells me that they continue to work with these CWRTs and are happy to do so as it helps everyone save money and obtain great speakers. I moved to Tennessee in 2003 and contacted Jim Lewis of the Middle Tennessee CWRT in Murfreesboro beforehand. Finding out they met the third Tuesday of each month, I then decided to establish the Clarksville CWRT on the third Wednesday. Clarksville and Middle Tennessee shared numerous speakers over the years splitting their travel costs between them with each CWRT covering the hotel and dinner in their respective towns. When the Nashville CWRT began a few years ago on the third Monday, we had another CWRT to work with. The trend continued with the Bowling Green, KY CWRT starting on the third Thursday and then that was followed by the Fort Donelson CWRT over in Dover, TN also taking that night. Lastly, with the Southern Indiana CWRT up in Evansville, only 2 hours north of Clarksville also being the third Thursday, establishing a sharing relationship

with them also made sense. Tom Murray, program chair of the Southern Indiana CWRT loves the relationship that has been built. He writes, “The Southern Indiana Civil War Roundtable traces its history back to the Evansville Civil War Roundtable, which met monthly for dinner/programs in the early 1960’s. These popular social dinner/ programs were held in the historic old Evansville Coliseum. Many august guests have spoken here.” “Over the years, the roundtable popularity waned, and the dinners were discontinued. The roundtable continued to meet but in much smaller settings with less and less attendance. A resurgence of interest occurred with the Ken Burn’s Civil War series, and the name was changed to The Southern Indiana CWRT, but again began to decline in membership as older members began to step away due to age, and the lessening in the popularity of the Civil War history.” “As these members departed, it became difficult to find younger and newer members who demonstrated the same level of knowledge or desire to research and present a program. Bringing higher quality guest speakers into our corner of southern Indiana put stress on our meager budget, as some compensation was expected for those who traveled some distance to get here.” “In an effort to attract speakers of a higher caliber, expand the studies into all theaters and even help attract new members, I discussed working with Greg Biggs, who was instrumental in establishing RT’s in the Clarksville and Nashville, Tennessee areas, the possibility of our RT’s meeting in the same week, although at different nights, and combining our efforts to bringing in notable speakers, historians, and authors to share during the week. Although individual RT’s would bear the expense of hosting a speaker overnight, the essential travel expense, i.e. airfare in some cases, would be shared by the roundtables. It was agreed, and four RT’s became the basis for the initial endeavor, each meeting on one night from Monday to Thursday in the third week of the month. With the exception of a few conflicts to work around, this has been a very successful arrangement and exposed our members to a quality of historical knowledge which they would otherwise not receive.” Tom’s CWRT is a fine case in point for making a sharing relationship with other CWRTs that are close by. Others do this as well. Chicago and Milwaukee share speakers, and I know that St. Louis and Kansas City have shared speakers including myself when I spoke there some years ago. I have been shared several times as a speaker including Houston and New Orleans, Fredericksburg and Leesburg in Virginia and two CWRTs in the Florida panhandle. It works, and it makes sense. Southern California now has several CWRTs instead of the two when I was there. The metro Chicago area has seven, at last, some large and some smaller. The metro Washington, DC area also has several CWRTs. So far as I have been able to determine, these places do not

share speakers and meet on different nights of different weeks. California, in particular, would greatly benefit from sharing speakers with the several CWRTs in the Los Angeles area. Within the several CWRTs that I work with we can do all four CWRTs (in whatever combination), or even only two of the CWRTs if the speaker cannot take the time to do all four. Noted historian Stephen Davis is coming from Georgia this year, and two of the CWRTs are sharing him. The same is happening for March with a speaker from Chattanooga being shared by Clarksville and Dover. Clarksville and Evansville are sharing a speaker in August. We have had Ed Bearss for four CWRTs, Bobby Krick, David Bastain, and others from the East plus Mark Hoffman from Michigan, Mark Christ from Arkansas and Professor Mark Laus from Cincinnati as one of our annual Trans-Mississippi programs thanks to this sharing arrangement. It is time to think a little outside of the box and change this. It is not hard to do at all. This just takes some coordination and getting to know your neighbors. It also takes the willingness to move a meeting night to be able to share speakers with a neighbor CWRT. Pick a week and line up the CWRTs over consecutive nights. This way an airplane ticket can be shared two to five ways and make it much cheaper for each CWRT. The CWRT handles its own hotels and dinners but other than that the rest falls into place with a little work. This greatly benefits the smaller CWRTs in a market, as with a couple in the metro Chicago area which could then get an Ed Bearss by sharing with bigger CWRTs there. Even those in central, and more rural, Illinois would benefit. Getting bigger names helps increase and energize membership; this is a proven fact. It is great to have homegrown speakers, and we encourage that here in Tennessee, but getting a known author cannot be beaten. There is simply no downside to this at all. The Clarksville, Tennessee CWRT is now twelve years old, and we have shared speakers every year of our existence with our neighboring CWRTs and we will continue to do so for years to come. We relish working with our great neighbors. Once you try this, you will wonder why you had not done it before. It works. For a future column, I want to write about the CWRTs that meet at Civil War sites, be they battlefields, Civil War buildings or buildings that occupy Civil War sites. Please send details to me at Biggsg@charter.net Greg Biggs is a historian, author and speaker on the CWRT circuit around the country and has spoken to museums, conferences and historical societies as well as Confederate and Union veterans organizations. He has founded or co-founded five CWRTs from Ohio to Tennessee to Kentucky and programs three of these. He is president of the Clarksville CWRT and an officer of the Nashville and Bowling Green CWRTs.

Civil War News

April 2016

– Letters To The Editor– Rebuttal Letter With Southern Perspective TO THE EDITOR: Mr. Dennis Middlebrooks, of Brooklyn, New York, dismisses my letter to the editor in the January issue as another “tired neo-Confederate rant,” and then goes on to deliver another rendition of the tired “propaganda of the victorious” (as Voltaire termed history.) His point about the preponderance of legally-elected Southern presidents in the early years of the United States is irrelevant to my letter, as is his curious comparison about the thirteen colonies not having dominated the British government prior to colonial secession, so I will not address those issues. What I will address are three erroneous points in his letter. First, Mr. Middlebrooks states that “the South’s response to the legal election of Lincoln was armed insurrection in the defense of the perpetuation and expansion of slavery.” This is incorrect. The response of some of the Southern States (only seven “Cotton States,” not “the South” at large) was an attempt at peaceful secession from the Union by the same method all States acceded to the Union when they ratified the Constitution – through their respective sovereign conventions. I will not argue with Mr. Middlebrooks that one reason (but not the only reason, as any reading of these Ordinances of Secession will readily reveal) was to preserve slavery within their respective sovereign bounds. But Mr. Middlebrooks is incorrect when he says these States seceded in order to expand slavery. Quite to the contrary, by these States’ acts of secession from the Union of States, they willfully gave up any claims to the common U.S. Territories and thereby willfully gave up any claims to their rights to carry slavery into them! It is ironic to note also, that the secession of the Southern States peacefully removed much of slavery

from the United States altogether. One would think that the abolitionist Northerners would have happily said “Goodbye – and good riddance!” to those people whom they evidently hated so much, but they did not. Why not? The second fallacy in Mr. Middlebrooks’ argument is his assertion that the South’s response to Lincoln’s lawful election was armed insurrection. There was no war until Lincoln willed it. With these Southern States out of the Union, the Northern industrial economy would lose its major source of cotton for its mills, a large portion of its markets for its manufactured goods, a large portion of its tariff income (remember, there was no income tax back then), and control of the mouth of the Mississippi. The nascent industrial economy would collapse. Virginia, the “Mother of States and of Statesmen,” told Lincoln that she thought the course taken by the “Cotton States” was unnecessary and a mistake, but that she would brook no coercion by the Lincoln administration to drive these States back into what was up until that time a voluntary Union of sovereign States. Lincoln did not listen to Virginia. He listened instead to the industrialists, the financiers, the railroad magnates, and the crony capitalists who had gotten him elected. So he rebuffed all attempts of Southern envoys to settle the situation diplomatically, and launched an armada to Charleston to provoke the first shot, get the war he wanted, and drive the Southern States back into the Union at the point of the bayonet. The governor of Virginia was astonished when Lincoln called for troops, and refused to send them – while charging Lincoln with inaugurating civil war. The Virginia Convention, which had just voted by a large majority to remain

in the Union, immediately passed an Ordinance of Secession. Virginia’s decision exposes the speciousness of Mr. Middlebrooks’ argument that the South’s response to Lincoln’s election was armed insurrection. The South’s response to Lincoln’s election was – in seven cases - secession. The South’s response against Lincoln’s war of invasion, conquest, and coerced political allegiance was the secession of the States of the Upper South, and armed defense. Finally, Mr. Middlebrooks gives a litany of Southern takeovers of federal property on the soil of the sovereign States that had seceded, as well as the firing on the armed steamer The Star of the West. But the first act of war was waged by the United States on Christmas Day, 1860, in Charleston Harbor, five days after South Carolina had seceded from the Union, when Maj. Anderson burned the gun carriages and spiked the guns at Fort Moultrie, and slipped into Fort Sumter. The account is the very first entry to be found in the Official Records of the War. Before the South is condemned too harshly, may I remind the readers that the Massachusetts Minutemen fired the first shots in the war of 1775, and that Boston still celebrates “Evacuation Day” – commemorating the evacuation of a British fort on her sovereign soil. And may I also remind Mr. Middlebrooks that his home State of New York joined the Union with the specific provision that she reserved the right to withdraw from it at any time she felt it was arrayed against her interests and liberties. No one at the time objected. Later, the New England States came within a hair of seceding from the Union during the Hartford Convention. No one at the time objected. As Massachusetts has writ large on her license plates, it is “The Spirit of America.” I sometimes think we have forgotten all of that. H. V. Traywick Jr. Richmond, Va.

Surviving Cannon Registry Update By Jim Bender

Eleven cannon were added to the Registry in 2015, for a net gain of seven, bringing the grand total of known surviving Civil War cannon to 5,778. The first is a carryover from 2014. Tom Batha shared a list of cannon at the Artillery Museum at Fort Sill, O.K., and it lists 6-pounder bronze field gun, M1841 Ames No. 140, dated 1844. Two have been added by Joe Gluckert, historian at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard; IX-inch Dahlgren shell gun, Alger No. 258, dated 1859 and 32-pounder Navy gun of 57 cwt Tredegar No. 380, dated 1848, both former bollards at Henderson Point. Three cannon have surfaced this year and noted as privately owned. 3.67-inch Sawyer cast steel rifle No. 13 was reported and bringing the number of these known survivors to two. No. 16 is in Lakewood Cemetery, Minneapolis, MN. 3.5inch Blakely rifle, Type 2 Foundry Number 27 with an inferred Registry Number of 26 was also reported, making it the eleventh known survivor of this type. The third is a 3-pounder bronze field gun made by Ames, dated 1861,

and was offered for sale online. The top of the reinforce is ornately engraved “Presented To / Brigadier General / Robert B. Moss / May 31, 1886 / By the / Wadsworth Flute and Drum Band / of New York City.” Two cannons previously mentioned in the Fall 2015 issue of The Artilleryman are 24-pounder flank howitzers, M1844 in Palmetto, GA. Unfortunately, my time in the Atlanta area was cut short before I could secure permission to remove the multiple layers of paint to search for markings. The final cannon were the major subject of the Winter 2015 issue of The Artilleryman, raising of the three cannon for the CSS Pee Dee. For the record these are IX-inch Dahlgren shell gun, Fort Pitt Foundry No. 513, dated 1862; 6.4-inch Brooke 2-band navy rifle, Selma No. 53, dated 1864 and 7-inch double-banded Brooke rifle, Selma No. 46, also dated 1864. Although many sent me information on their recovery, Roger Warden gets the credit for being the first. Some may wonder how adding eleven cannon in 2015 only nets seven. When good reason warrants, cannon added years ago without any reported markings may need to be

removed. Tom Batha send a detailed email in June 2015, providing good arguments to remove the two flank howitzers with no data reported for Clement, N.Y. I also searched for these in the summer of 2010, inquiring of several locals and came up empty handed as Tom has for years. Additionally, Tom suggested removing two Napoleons with no reported markings which were at Springfield Armory in Massachusetts. Tom remembers seeing them there in crates and they were shipped out from the armory circa 1982. The fifth reduction comes with the addition of IX-inch Dahlgren shell gun, Alger No. 258, at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. Four IX-inch Dahlgren shell guns were report at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in 1997 as “former bollard not yet cleaned” and the only marking reported was for one gun with the Ordnance Inspector initials “WRT”. No. 258 was inspected by William R. Taylor. This summer will be my 10th year as keeper of the Registry and with some luck we may just top the century mark for new cannon added under my tenure.

Savannah Guards Keep Political Flag Info Needed Correctness Out TO THE EDITOR: A record of the Savannah Volunteer Guards at Sailor’s Creek is being compiled. I am seeking the present location of the Guards’ flag that was captured at Sailor’s Creek, Va., April 6, 1865, by Warren Dockum, Co. H, 121st New York. The flag was scarlet silk, fringed with gold, featured an altar and a single star in silver; and in gold bore the inscription, “For Our Altars and Our Hearths.” The inscription might have been in Latin Pro Aris Et Focis. It was last known to have been seen in Savannah, Ga., in April 1905 at the Savannah Volunteer Guards armory building. The Guards were also known as the 18th Georgia Battalion Infantry. If you have any information please contact: Gregory C. White Canton, Ga. gcw31ga@windstream.net

Thank You TO THE EDITOR: I love the “new” Civil War News and the FABULOUS color photographs! Glad to see you decided to keep the Book Reviews as well as the Civil War News Briefs too as well as the listings of the Civil War Round Tables! My friends and I were discussing the other day how our favorite newspaper is the CWN despite the fact it doesn’t have a sports section. (LOL). Only kidding. I wonder if you or any of your readers have read about any attempts by Union and Confederate Soldiers to point any commanding officers? It would not surprise me at all if any CSA troops tried to do that to Gen. Braxton Bragg who was pretty despised by his men! Tom Yockey, Jr. Florissant, Mo.

TO THE EDITOR: In reference to the newspaper format. There are enough Civil War magazines already. I was really let down when I read that you were going to magazine format. Keep the political correctness out or you will lose your subscribers. I have been a subscriber for approximately 10 years. Political correctness is lousy. I stopped subscribing to another Civil War magazine for that very reason. David Crewe, Va.

Enjoying The Civil War News TO THE EDITOR: I wanted to tell you how much I enjoyed my new copy of the Civil War News. It is wonderful! I love it. Keep up the excellent work. I will subscribe for many, many years to come. Richard Sacolic Strattanville, Pa.

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Civil War News

April 2016

H Franklin . . . . . . . . . from page 1 Area who have assisted with the other reclamation projects. Bibb said Franklin’s Charge has not completed its mission and will continue to lead in its pursuit of key battlefield properties. All agreed there is nothing like walking the ground. Jacobson said those who fought in Franklin would have wanted to walk the land. As it is interpreted, he said, “We will see what hasn’t been seen since veterans and slaves were still alive.”

Find us on Facebook Reid and Brenda Lovell sign sale documents of their property to the battlefield project. (Gregory L. Wade)

facebook.com/CivilWarNews Battle of Franklin Trust Chief Executive Officer speaks at sale document signing. (Gregory L. Wade)

Franklin resident and Civil War Trust Board member Michael Grainger speaks to the group. (Gregory L. Wade)

The recently purchased Lovell property, left, is close to the Carter House at right.

(Gregory L. Wade)

Battle Of Aiken Commemorated At Bee Memorial Park By Bob Ruegsegger

When General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick left Aiken, South Carolina – 151 years ago – he was in a hurry. General Joe Wheeler’s Confederate troopers ran the Union cavalry commander – and his Yankee horsemen – back to the Union barricades near Montmorenci. Aiken and its citizens have been commemorating -celebrating - General Kilpatrick’s hasty departure ever since. For the last 22 years, the Battle of Aiken has been commemorated with a reenactment of the cavalry engagement that saved Aiken from ruin during the final months of the War Between the States. “We’re just happy that we’ve been able to continue this event for so many years,” said Pete Peters, co-founder and spokesperson for the annual event. “Each reenactment takes on a life of its own. We’ve had a lot of adventures over the years.” Wheeler’s rout of the Union cavalry was one of the last

Confederate victories of the war. According to local lore, Kilpatrick was lucky to escape with his life – when a Confederate trooper’s pistol – leveled at the Union general – misfired. In his haste to leave town, Kilpatrick left his hat behind. While his hat was “captured,” the reckless, young general was not. “General Wheeler is a local hero. He was actually born near here in Augusta,” said Peters. “The Battle of Aiken definitely saved this town. Kilpatrick rode into Barnwell – the town next to Aiken – and burned it,” Peters said. “He wrote a letter back General Sherman – it said ‘General, I’ve renamed the town and its name is now Burnwell.’” Jeff Reno of Athens, Georgia, has been participating in the Battle of Aiken reenactment for eight years as the commander of the 5th Georgia Volunteer Cavalry. The 5th Georgia cavalry served at Aiken under General Wheeler and “pretty much” through the Atlanta campaign un-

til the final surrender according to Reno. “The Battle of Aiken was basically a cavalry battle. Judson Kilpatrick was the Federal cavalry commander under Sherman. Wheeler [and his cavalry] was really the only defense that the Confederates had at that time,” said Reno. Jim Jacks – and his daughter Victoria – have been doing the Battle of Aiken commemoration since 1996. His daughter was only two. Jacks owned one of the farms near the Powell Pond Road site. Jacks joined the cavalry and fought with Hampton’s Legion for ten years before moving on to the 6th South Carolina for another decade. He’s done cavalry, infantry, Confederate, Yankee, and civilian impressions over the years. “Whatever the battle needs, we do. As long as you’re part of it, it’s a lot of fun,” said Jacks. When Jim Jacks took a hit on the battlefield, Victoria was convinced

that he died and miraculously came back to life – like a modern-day Jesus. Over the years, Victoria learned “it was fake.” “After the battle, Daddy would ride up to the line where the spectators were and I’d get to jump up on the front of his horse and ride back to the camp with him,” said Victoria Jacks. “I really enjoyed that.” In twenty years, her priorities have changed – a little. “I love the ball – I’m being honest,” she said. “Tomorrow, I’ll ride sidesaddle in my riding habit.” The Battle of Aiken was unique in that it was initially a mounted fight. A horseshoe-shaped ambush – no pun intended – was set up in town. One Alabama trooper fired his weapon too soon. “The trap was sprung a little too quickly. A short fight happened near the center of town. It was a close-quarter battle on horseback,“ said Scott McDaniel with the 20th South Carolina. “There were clubs,

Captain Scott McDaniel of the 20th South Carolina offered his services as an army recruiter before the Battle of Aiken reenactment.

Civil War News

April 2016

Fire raged across the battlefield to commemorate the South Carolina towns that General Kilpatrick burned during his campaign in the Palmetto State. (Bob Ruegsegger photos)

Fog of War – Union soldiers fought the Confederate attackers through smoke from behind barricades.

Sgt. Ponch Hall exhibits some of the urgency that General Kilpatrick’s cavalry probably felt after Federal troopers were attacked. rifles, pistols. People were whacking each other with swords,” he said In South Carolina – and the Confederacy as a whole – the economy was collapsing. There was a shortage of food in general. Sustaining the Confederate army became a huge issue – even though they were fighting on home ground. The supply system was barely working. The supplies just weren’t there. Both Union and Confederate armies were foraging. “There were shortages on the civilian side as well. It wasn’t a pretty situation if you were a logistician,” said McDaniel. “Some of the locals were complaining as much about Wheeler’s troopers as they were about the Federals,” he said. “At some point,

you’ve got to eat and you’ve got to feed your horses. It was a PR problem – even for the good guys.” While the Confederates in South Carolina didn’t know Sherman’s grand strategy, they knew that the powder mills in Augusta and the factories in Graniteville were vital assets that had to be protected. “The Yankees were headed towards Columbia. That was their goal. They wanted to get to Columbia,” said Edward Coke, a veteran reenactor with Confederate sympathies. “They wanted to burn that place – Columbia – and everything in South Carolina. Kilpatrick’s main objective was to hit the factories at Graniteville.”

The Battle of Aiken – fought by cavalry led by Fightin’ Joe Wheeler – saved the town from destruction by Hugh Judson Kilpatrick’s cavalry. The town survived the war while many neighboring towns were decimated by fire. “Our town was not burned. It was saved. It later became a winter resort for northerners and the wealthiest families from the North – including the Astors, Whitneys, and Vanderbuilts,” said Pete Peters. “It became an equestrian center from 1890 until World War II,” he said. “Of course, they train horses here for the Kentucky Derby.” Tourism connected with the local reenactment has also had a significant impact on the Aiken economy over the decades. During a three-day period from 5,000 to 10,000 people arrive to participate and witness the reenactment of the Battle of Aiken. “It’s very important for our community,” said Pete Peters. “It promotes the name of Aiken across the country. Bob Ruegsegger is an American by birth and a Virginian. His assignments frequently take him to historic sites throughout Virginia, the Mid-Atlantic, and the Southeast. His favorite haunts include sites within Virginia’s Historic Triangle - Jamestown, Yorktown, and Williamsburg. Bob served briefly in the U.S. Navy. He is a retired educator and has been an active newspaper journalist for the last twenty years.

Federal artillery prepares to fire on attacking Confederate forces during the Battle of White Pond morning re-enactment staged prior to the afternoon Battle of Aiken.

Confederate artillery pounded Union defenses with lethal volleys.

Captain Jeff Reno with the 5th Georgia Volunteer Cavalry confers with Confederate troopers before the fighting began.

Jim and Victoria Jacks – father and daughter – have been involved with the Aiken reenactment for twenty years.

Civil War News

April 2016

Center Shot: Private Jacob Miller Of The 9th Indiana Vol. Infantry By Michael Lee Kelley

Of the 24,430 wounded Union and Confederate soldiers who fought in the Battle of Chickamauga, in Georgia, one veteran stands out as the most unusual survivor of the bloody battle. Private Jacob Miller, of Naperville, Illinois, was serving with Company K, 9th Indiana Volunteer Infantry, part of Major General William Rosecrans’s Army of Cumberland, when he was shot in the head by a Confederate sniper of Major General Braxton Bragg’s Army of Tennessee, near Brock Field on the morning of September 19th, 1863. The bullet struck him between the eyes and lodged in his skull According to historical information provided by the Cass County Historical Society, Private Miller enlisted in Company K from Logansport, Indiana at the age of 23. The 9th Indiana Regiment was mustered on April 25th, 1861, at Laporte, Indiana for three months of active service and was commanded by Colonel Robert H. Milroy, who was commissioned on April 26th, 1861. The 9th saw action in West Virginia at Grafton, Philippi, Laurel Hill and Corrick’s Ford. It was mustered out on July 29th,1861. The 9th was reorganized for three its years of active service in August 1861 and saw action at the battles of Shiloh, Perryville, Stones River, Chickamauga, and participated in Sherman’s Campaign across Georgia. Private Miller’s combat service ended the day he was shot in the head and left for dead. Miller told his remarkable story of survival which was recorded in the Daily News of Joliet, Illinois in June of 1911. After the war, he joined the Grand Army of the Republic, a veterans organization much like today’s American Legion. When he attended the encampments, his fellow war veterans nicknamed him “Center Shot” for the open bullet

wound in his forehead. According to Miller, “I was in a semi-reclining position and raised up my elbow to take aim when I was hit by a rebel bullet.” His Company Commander, Captain McConnell, was standing behind him, and he thinks that the sniper was trying to shoot his Captain, but aimed too low and struck Miller instead. When Company K fell back from that position in retreat, his comrades had given him up for dead. He went on to say, “When I came to my senses some time after I found I was in the rear of the Confederate line. So not to become a prisoner, I made up my mind to make an effort to get around their line and back on my own side. I got up with the help of my gun as a staff, then went back some distance, then started parallel with the line of battle. I suppose I was so covered with blood that those that those I met did not notice that I was a Yank”. Major General Alexander P. Stewart’s CSA Division (Buckner’s Corps) routed the Union Brigades from the Brock Farm area but did not have enough forces to pursue the Union troops. Miller managed to stumble along, but on the way, he ran into a Confederate soldier who was out front scouting the lines and the rebel soldier took mercy on Miller’s plight. He gave Miller a drink of water from his canteen and pointed in the direction of the Union Line. Miller continued saying, “I struck an old by-road and followed it the best I could, as by this time my head was swelled so bad it shut my eyes and I could see to get along only by raising the lid of my right eye and look again and so on till I ran afoul of something, then would look again and so on till I came to the Lafayette Pike near the Kelly house and started towards the field hospital at the springs. I at length got so badly exhausted I had to lie down by the side of the road. At last, some bearers came and put me on their stretcher and carried me to the hospital and laid me on the ground in a tent. A

hospital nurse came and put a wet bandage over my wound and around my head and gave me a canteen of water. I don’t know what time of day they examined my wound and decided to put me on the operating table till after dark some time. The surgeons examined my wound and decided it was best not to operate on me and give me more pain as they said I couldn’t live very long, so the nurse took me back into the tent. I slept some during the night. The next morning (Sunday), the doctors came around to make a list of the wounded and of their company and regiments and said to send all the wounded to Chattanooga that the ambulances would carry and told me I was wounded too bad to be moved, and if the army fell back those that were left there could afterwards be exchanged.” Miller was determined not to be taken prisoner. As long as he could stand and drag one foot after another, he would make his way to safety. He had a nurse give him a canteen full of water and left the tent without being seen. He got behind some wagons near the road and then began to walk slowly away. His eyes were still shut, and he had to lift his eyelid to see where he was going. He moved away from the sounds of the artillery and musketry fire. He recounted, “I worked my way along the road as best I could. At one time I got off to the side of the road and bumped my head against a low hanging limb. The shock toppled me over, I got up and took my bearings again and went on as long as I could not drag a foot then lay down beside the road, to see if I could not rest so I could move. I hadn’t lain long till the ambulance train began to pass.” The ambulance drivers saw Miller and asked him if he was still alive. One of them stopped and placed Miller into the ambulance. Once he was inside the ambulance, he passed out. He said, “On Monday, September 21st, I came to myself

Private Jacob Miller photographed after the war wearing his GAR medal on his coat. and found I was in a long building in Chattanooga, Tennessee, lying with hundreds of other wounded on the floor almost as thick as hogs in a stock car. Some were talking, some were groaning. I raised myself to a sitting position, got my canteen and wet my head. While doing it, I heard a couple of soldiers who were from my company. They could not believe it was me as they said I was left for dead on the field at the left of Brock Cabin. They came over to where I was and we visited together till then came an order for all the wounded that could walk to start across the river on a pontoon bridge to a hospital, to be treated ready to be taken to Nashville. I told the boys

if they could lead me, I could walk the distance.” Because of the heavy military convoys of wagon trains and troops crossing the river in retreat, the wounded men had to wait until sundown to cross over. Once across the river, they met up with a wagon teamster from Company K, who got them some food, the first Miller had eaten since the morning of his wound. They laid down on a pile of blankets under the wagon to rest for the night. The teamster stayed awake all night to keep their wounds moist with water from a nearby spring. On Tuesday morning, September 22nd, they awoke to the sound of a crackling camp fire where a comrade had made coffee and some food for

Company “A”, 9th Indiana Infantry photographed between 1861-1865. Photograph by Mathew Brady. (National Archives and Records Administration)

Civil War News

April 2016 the wounded. Afterward, they had their wounds cleaned and dressed by a doctor and then got aboard a wagon heading to Bridgeport where they would board a train for Nashville. The wagon ride was rough. Miller’s head began to hurt, and he and his comrades got out and walked the 60 miles in four days to the train station. Along the way, Miller was able to open his right eye and could see to get around. They arrived at the train station and boarded a box car for the rest of their journey. They made it to the hospital at Nashville where Miller recalls, “I remember I was stripped and in a bath tub of warm water in a hospital at Nashville. I do not know what date it was, in fact, I didn’t pay much attention to the dates from the Friday at noon when I got in the box car at Bridgeport to start to Nashville. After some length of time, I was transferred to Louisville, Kentucky. From there to New Albany, Indiana. In all the hospitals I was in, I begged the surgeons to operate on my head, but all refused.” Miller suffered for nine months then got a furlough home to Logansport and went to see his local doctors, Doctors Fitch and Colman, and asked them to operate on his wound. They took out a musket ball and after he recovered from his operation, returned to the army hospital at Madison and stayed there until the end of his enlistment on September 17th, 1864. Miller went home and resumed civilian life despite his open wound. He had lost the vision in his left eye. Seventeen years after he was injured, a buck shot dropped out

of his wound. Thirty-one years later two pieces of lead came out of the wound. For sixty-four years he lived with his open wound between the eyes that penetrated the skull three-quarters of an inch. It was large enough to place the end of his little finger into the wound, which caused him terrible pain and discomfort. During his post-war lifetime he had bouts of side effects such as a stupor for two weeks, dizziness, delirium, and when he was sick with a bad head cold, the pressure on his brain would build up and cause intense pain in his skull. The bouts of delirium would cause him to imagine he was back on picket duty again, and he would tramp back and forth on his beat, a stick on his shoulder for a musket, a pitiful object of the sacrifice for freedom. After the pieces of the bullet had fallen out of his open wound, he regained his normal health and continued living his life until the old age of 87. Miller said in his interview, “Some ask how it is I can describe so minutely my getting wounded and getting off the battlefield after so many years. My answer is, I have an everyday reminder of it in my wound and constant pain in my head, never free of it while not asleep. The whole scene is imprinted on my brain as with a steel engraving. I haven’t written this to complain of any one being in fault for my misfortune and suffering all these years, the government is good to me and gives me $40.00 per month pension.” Miller was living testimony to one of the most remarkable constitutions ever possessed by a human being.

His obituary was published in the Logansport Pharos-Tribune on January 14th, 1927 and reads: “Funeral services for Jacob “Center Shot” Miller, age 87, a well known Civil War veteran, were held at the Presbyterian Church in Braidwood, Illinois this afternoon. The Civil War veteran often visited in Logansport. His nickname is significant because of a bullet wound which he had carried from the time of the war until his death. The wound was directly above the bridge of his nose penetrated the skull.” Private Jacob Miller was buried at the Oakwood Cemetery, Will County, Wilmington, Illinois. His unit, the 9th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment was mustered out of Federal service on September 28th, 1865. Of the 2,141 men who served, 353 died in the war. 11 officers and 129 enlistedmen were killed in action or died of wounds, and 2 officers and 220 enlistedmen died of disease. Private Miller considered himself one of the lucky ones who survived the war and lived a long life. A most remarkable American hero. Michael L. Kelley, MSG, USA, (Ret.) Vietnam service as a UH-1B Huey Doorgunner-Crew Chief in 1966 with the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile). Kelley served 7 years active duty and 15 years in the U.S. Army Reserve Active Troop Program and retired as a battalion staff training NCO from 3rd Battalion, 18th Infantry, 187th Infantry Brigade. He also retired from the Defense Logistics Agency (DPRO-Raytheon). He holds a B.A. Degree in History from Boston State College.

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Civil War News

Through The Lens By Stephanie Hagiwara “Heavy shells were falling fast and thick” a Confederate later wrote. “It seems as if the whole heavens were ablaze with thunder and lightning.” As part of the Union’s campaign to capture Vicksburg, Mississippi, on March 14, 1863, Adm. David Farragut’s ships ran the gauntlet of 19 guns protecting Port Hudson. Port Hudson defended the mouth of the Red River, which emptied into the Mississippi River. The Confederates used the Red River to supply, not only Port Hudson, but Vicksburg. Of the seven vessels making the attempt, only Farragut’s flagship, the U.S.S. Hartford and the U.S.S. Albatross made it passed Port Hudson. The deck of both ships were covered in blood and smashed wood from the ordeal. But what happened to Farragut’s missing ships? Repeated attempts to signal his fleet below Port Hudson were blocked by tall trees. Needing to leave, Farragut sent a note nailed to a raft downstream to let the lower fleet know the two ships had survived. Farragut’s top priority was to get in touch with Gen. Ulysses Grant, who was over 200 miles upriver at Vicksburg. It wasn’t a fun trip. The ships had to fight both the swelling waters of the Mississippi and the Confederates on the bluffs above the river. It was at Vicksburg, that Farragut got hold of a New Orleans newspaper that told the tale of his five missing ships turning around under Port Hudson’s guns. From Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy, Farragut was surprised to find that instead of focusing on the

ships that didn’t make it passed Port Hudson, the nation was thrilled that two ships were now able to block the Confederates use of the Red River. As part of that mission, Farragut needed to return to the Red River and establish communication with his fleet below Port Hudson. But how to do it? An overland attempt to establish communication with the lower fleet would be improbable. The Confederate cavalry was watching from both sides of the river. Some of the horsemen would ride to the river’s bank to water their horses as the Union ships passed. The Confederates were making it clear, any landing party would be fired upon. Farragut tried signal flags, signal rockets, timed gun fire to communicate with the lower fleet and failed. On April 7th, “some men were seen on shore making signals with a flag. Thinking it to be some parties from the lower fleet wishing to communicate with us, we ordered our army signal officer to exchange signals with them, but he found that it was impossible to do so, as they used different signals from ours. The gunboat Albatross then got under way, and found them to be some of the enemy, and shelled them off”, wrote William C. Holton. It was at this point, Farragut reluctantly agreed to a plan proposed by his secretary, 20 year old Edward Carrol Gabaudan. Gabaudan, a linguist who spoke five languages, had been with Farragut on the U.S.S. Brooklyn in Haiti and Vera Cruz, Mexico before the war. In one instance, Gabaudan had undertaken a

perilous journey of nine miles on foot and on a mule to deliver a dispatch. After five years working together, “if there was a delicate and grave matter to be handled, he entrusted it implicitly to Gabaudan.” Gabaudan’s plan was to drift down the Mississippi, past Port Hudson, in a dugout canoe draped in branches and twigs to reach the Federal fleet. It was not uncommon for logs to float down the river. Hopefully, the Confederates would ignore the “log” and not use it for target practice. At 8 p.m. that evening, the canoe was lowered into the water. Gabaudan had his watch, pistol and several dispatches for the fleet and one for Gen. Nathaniel Banks. A runaway slave, who had volunteered to serve as an oarsman, went with him. At 8:30 p.m. another canoe with two runaway slaves with dispatches was also lowered into the water as a distraction. With any luck, both skiffs would make it. The ruse seemed to be working until the canoe began to drift towards the east bank. Gabaudan and his companion could hear men discussing the large object floating down the river. They heard a small boat being pushed into the river as a group of men got in to check them out. As they rowed closer to Gabaudan, he clutched his pistol to his chest determined to fight. Luckily, the soldiers had decided they had gotten close enough to have done their duty and called out to their brethren on shore that it was “only a large log”. The pair waited two hours before pushing aside the branches and revealing their presence to the first boat they saw. To their surprise, they had drifted past the gunboats patrolling the river below Port Hudson and had reached Baton Rouge. They were picked up by the U.S.S. Richmond. At 10:20 p.m. two rockets from the U.S.S. Essex signaled the safe passage of both canoes. Gabaudan immediately hopped on

April 2016

Lt. Edward C. Gabaudan, Brady’s National Photographic Galleries. (New York State Military Museum) a steamer to deliver the dispatch to Banks. The staff of the U.S.S. Richmond focused on how to communicate with Farragut. It was determined that if they built “a light platform ... supported by an iron frame, and placed upon the royal masthead and the top gallant, signal flags could be seen between the two ships. Everything being ready on the day indicated, all ears were strained to catch the sound of the signal gun of our gallant commander in chief. At 10:00 a.m. it was heard, and immediately answered by us. The mastheads of the Hartford too, were discovered from our crow’s nest. Communication was at once established by the army signal officers, which were on board the two vessels, and a party sent with mails and dispatches.” On April 15th, Gabaudan, the runaway slaves who participated in the canoe adventure and their army escort boarded the Hartford. “He brought cheering army news. Gen. Christopher Augur, with a force of Bank’s men, was in the rear of Port Hudson, cutting off their possibilities of receiving supplies from that quarter, while we had blockaded the mouth of the Red River, keeping them from transporting provisions or stores from Texas out of this stream.” The Union strategy of closing Vicksburg’s supply chain was in place.

For Gabaudan, it was time to change jobs. He had served first as Farragut’s clerk and then as his secretary since he was 15 years old. At his request, Farragut recommended Gabaudan for a situation in the Marine Corps. On March 18, 1864, Gabaudan became a 2nd Lt. After the Civil War, Gabaudan returned to duty on the Hartford. As part of the Asiatic Squadron, he spent two years off the coast of China before returning to the United States. Gabaudan may have survived the Civil War but his dare devil actions caught up with him in the form of health issues. It was believed that the root of his chronic ill health came from sleeping in wet clothes while delivering dispatches to Grant and Gen. Tecumseh Sherman. At his father’s home in New York City, 26 year old Gabaudan died of consumption on March 25, 1868. He left a wife and a two year old daughter. Stephanie Hagiwara is the editor for CivilWarinColor.com and CivilWarin3D.com. She writes a weekly column for HistoryinFullColor.com that covers stories of photographs of historical interest from the 1850s to the present. Her articles can be found on Facebook, Tumblr and Pinterest.

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Civil War News

April 2016

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Civil War News

April 2016

Treasures from the By Steven Jeffcoat Registrar & Public Affairs Officer SC Military Museum Featuring a unique hook slant rifling design, the pictured English Type II Blakely rifled cannon are 61 inches in length with a bore of 2.9 inches and an outside muzzle circumference measuring 16.25 inches. Each cannon also possesses a 7.13 inch diameter flat ring whereby the brass sights are attached. Weighing in at 500 pounds apiece, the wire wrapping at the breech was introduced to handle the more compressed powder charges and to ultimately increase their range of fire. Invented by Theophilus Blakely, a former CPT of the British Royal Artillery, and manufactured in 1862 by W.G. Armstrong-Whitworth & Company Ltd. of London, these cannon were mounted on the Confederate cruiser SS Georgianna before she was scuttled – as previously noted – on her maiden voyage. In the late 1980s, some of the Georgianna’s cargo was raised off the Isle of Palms, SC, and the rare cannon recovered and conserved. Today, the South Carolina Military Museum in Columbia, SC, is home to the only Type II Blakely rifled cannon known in existence. Located across from Williams-

Museum

Brice Stadium and inside the T. Eston Marchant National Guard Complex, the Museum’s mission is to honor the South Carolina soldier and chronicle the Palmetto’s State’s martial tradition from 1670 – when the colony of Carolina was founded – to present day operations worldwide. Finally, as an interesting sidebar, the Georgianna and her cargo belonged to banker and Confederate Secretary of the Treasury George Alfred Trenholm of Charleston. The charismatic and handsome Trenholm was indeed a Confederate “patriot” but also a bona fide war profiteer. Thus, according to at least Margaret Mitchell’s descendants, the dashing Trenholm was the real-life inspiration for the famous Rhett Butler of Gone with the Wind fame.

On March 19, 1863, while on her maiden voyage, the captain of the SS Georgiana ran her aground to avoid capture by the USS Wissahickon and USS Housatonic. After running it aground, the captain ordered the ship to be scuttled and burned. The ship was attempting to run through the Union blockade into Charleston Harbor, South Carolina.

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Civil War News

April 2016

The Source By Michael K. Shaffer Finding Aids for the ‘Official Records’ & Overview of ‘O.R.-Navies’ Last month, we explored basic practices for using the 128-volume set, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies; in this installment, we will continue to focus on this source, explore various finding aids, and examine the O.R. - Navies. A general guide, one offering a good survey of the various parts of the O.R., exists in: Alan, C., and Barbara A. Aimone. A User’s guide to the Official Records of the American Civil War. Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Pub., 1993. The authors detail the history of how the official records came about, and the book’s various appendices offer shortcuts for mining the O.R., and make this work a helpful tool. Newer reprints of the O.R., such as The National Historical Society’s 1971 edition, contain a ‘Contents of Preceding Volumes’ section near the beginning of each book. This quickguide can help in finding reports and correspondence. Dallas Irvine’s Military Operations of the Civil War (although out of print), continues as a wonderful tool for drilling-down to precise details within the records. Researchers might locate the condensed hard copy version in a local library (WorldCat http://www.worldcat.org/), or view the full version on microfiche (M1036/1815). Specific citation for the print edition follows: Irvine, Dallas, comp. Military Operations of the Civil War; A Guideindex to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, 1861-1865. National Archives publication no. 68-11. Washington: Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1968–<1980 >. Working as the senior military specialist at the National Archives, Irvine started this series to help researchers. The five-volume, nine-part work began during the centennial of the war, and the first edition appeared in 1966. Fourteen years later, publication of part nine

The short name for this series of 128 volumes is Official Records.

Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion.

Military Operations of the Civil War; A Guide-index to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, 1861-1865. completed the series. Irvine, and a team of Civil War research experts at the National Archives, took great pains to cross-reference the records from the army, navy, and the Atlas. Users will need to spend some time in understanding the sequencing of Irvine’s work; for example, Volume II, which covers the Eastern Theater, published first, in 1968. Volume I (Conspectus), published in 1977, and provides an outline of the previous five volumes, while helping users

acclimate to the entire collection. Five volumes deal with the Eastern Theater; one volume covers the Western Theater; and one volume each for the Lower Seaboard and Trans-Mississippi Theater. If, for example, one has an interest in the action at Ball’s Bluff, a quick check, in the first volume on the Eastern Theater, will reveal the exact volume of the O.R. to consult. Provided references identify Federal reports

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separately from Confederate reports. And if related information exists in the Naval records, or the Atlas, Irvine included them. His work enhances our use of the O.R.s! Seeking to avoid an advantage from their counterparts in the army, United States Navy officials sought to create their own set of records. The resultant work - Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion – began printing in 1894. Twenty-three years later, the final of 27 volumes comprising Series I rolled from the presses. At the end of World War I, work began on Series II, and the three volumes in this series, and an index, brought the entire O.R.-Navies to 31 volumes. Recapping acts of the cruisers fill the first three volumes in Series I, and the following two volumes cover the Gulf, Atlantic Coast, and action along the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers. The Federal blockading squadron efforts comprise several resulting volumes: 6-12 detail the North Atlantic, 12-16 the South Atlantic, and volumes 16-22 the Gulf. Follow the brown-water navies on the rivers in the Western Theater in volumes 22-27. Confederate records embrace the three volumes

in Series II, as well as statistical data on many vessels – North and South – found in the first volume of the series. A wealth of Confederate foreign diplomacy correspondence fills volume three. The index will aid the user in finding information under study, and as held true for the army records, Cornell University’s website also contains the O.R.-Navies. Visit this site at http://ebooks.library. cornell.edu/m/moawar/ofre.html, and view scanned pages in PDF, JPG, or text formats. Next month, we will take a look at the Official Military Atlas of the Civil War, as well as other map sources. Please send suggestions for future ‘The Source’ columns to the email address shown below. Good luck in your quest to learn more! Michael K. Shaffer is a Civil War historian, author, lecturer and instructor. His memberships include Society of Civil War Historians, Historians of the Civil War Western Theater and Georgia Association of Historians. He can be contacted at mkscdr11@gmail.com and www. civilwarhistorian.net and followed on Facebook www.facebook.com/ michael.k.shaffer and Twitter.

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Civil War News

April 2016

New York Lincoln Award Winners By Martin Smith

NEW YORK, N.Y. — The Civil War Round Table of New York and The Lincoln Group of New York Present their annual Lincoln Awards to Jonathan D. Sarna and Benjamin Shapell for their book, Lincoln And The Jews. On February 10, 2016, at a special joint meeting of The Civil War Round Table of New York and The Lincoln Group of New York, Jonathan D. Sarna and Benjamin Shapell accepted the 2015 Barondess/Lincoln Award from the Round Table and were Co-Winners of The 2015 Lincoln Group Award of Achievement for their book, Lincoln and the Jews. The joint event was held at The 3 West Club in New York City and was attended by over 100 members and guests of both organizations. Harold Holzer, author, distinguished Lincoln scholar, Co-Chairman of The Lincoln Bicentennial Committee, historical consultant on the Lincoln film, and member of both the Round Table and The Lincoln Group of New York, acted as host and moderator for a lively hour-long conversation and question-and-answer session with Dr. Sarna. The 2015 Barondess/Lincoln Award from The Civil War Round Table of New York was presented at the Round Table’s 597st meeting by Paul Weiss, Civil War Round Table of New York President; and Judith Lee Hallock, Barondess/Lincoln Award Committee. The Round Table, which is in its 65th year, has presented The Barondess/Lincoln Award for the last 54 consecutive years. This special Lincoln Award was established in 1960. Dr. Barondess, for whom the award was named, was a distinguished charter and founding member of the club, along with Bruce Catton and Fletcher Pratt, and this award is presented in his memory. The award is given annually “to any person or institution and for any contribution to the greater appreciation of the life and works of Abraham Lincoln.” Previous distinguished winners have included Doris Kearns Goodwin, Harold Holzer, Craig Symonds, Stephen Oates, Gabor Boritt, William Gienapp, William C. Davis, Gary Wills, William Safire, Gore Vidal, Eric Foner and Sam Waterston, just to name a few. The 2015 Lincoln Group Award of Achievement from The Lincoln Group of New York was presented by Steven R. Koppelman, President of The Lincoln Group of New York; and John Bodnar, Chairperson of the Award Committee. The Lincoln Group of New York, which is in its 48th year, has presented The Award of Achievement since 1988. The award, in the form of a plaque, is presented annually for doing the most to encourage the study and appreciation of Abraham Lincoln.

Previous winners have included Doris Kearns Goodwin, Garry Wills, Governor Mario Cuomo, David Herbert Donald, Gabor Boritt, Eric Foner, Dr. Edward Steers, Dr. Mark E. Neely, Jr., and, of course, Harold Holzer. Jonathan D. Sarna was born in 1951 in Philadelphia and raised in New York City and Boston. He attended Brandeis University, Boston Hebrew College, Merkaz HaRav Kook in Jerusalem, and Yale University where he obtained his doctorate. Dubbed by the Jewish Forward newspaper in 2004 as one of America’s 50

most influential American Jews, he was Chief Historian for the 350th commemoration of the American Jewish community, and is recognized as a leading commentator on American Jewish history, religion and life. Currently, Dr. Sarna is the Joseph H. & Belle R. Braun Professor of American Jewish History and Chair of the Hornstein Jewish Professional Leadership Program at Brandeis University, as well as Chief Historian of the new National Museum of American Jewish History in Philadelphia. Benjamin Shapell is the founder of the Shapell Manuscript Foun-

dation, an independent educational organization with offices in Los Angeles and Herlizya, Israel, whose collection includes original documents of world-renowned individuals, including American presidents and Mark Twain. Mr. Shapell has initiated and overseen the creation of numerous publications, exhibitions, and films relating to the central themes of the collection. The Foundation has also partnered in exhibitions with major institutions, including the Library of Congress, the National Library of Israel, and the Smithsonian Institution. Mr. Shapell lives with his family in Israel.

From Left to Right: Paul Weiss, President, CWRTNY; Judith Lee Hallock, CWRTNY; Dr. Jonathan D. Sarna; Benjamin Shapell.

From Left to Right: Frank McKenna, LGNY; Dr. Jonathan D. Sarna; John Bodnar, LGNY; Benjamin Shapell; Richard Sloan, LGNY. (Henry F. Ballone photos)

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United Kingdom CWRT Donates $500 To SHAF LONDON, England — ACWRTUK announces $500 gift to Save Historic Antietam Foundation Many Civil War Round Tables around the U.S. regularly donate to preservation causes on both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. What may not be well know is that the American Civil War Round Table of the United Kingdom (ACWRTUK) is also a regular contributor. Based in London, their most recent project was to raise funds for the Save Historic Antietam Foundation. SHAF Director Tom Clemens approached the ACWRTUK for funds late in 2015, and they duly obliged after some fundraising activities. Greg Bayne, Editor of Crossfire, the magazine for the ACWRTUK said, “We have an open door policy for preservation funding. Any member of our RT, or an associated group like SHAF, can submit a proposal for our RT to raise $250 or $500 for their project. It goes through a small committee and if approved, we will do our best to raise the funds in double quick time. We are delighted to be working with Tom Clemens and SHAF to do our bit.” Greg added further, “Our RT was establish in 1953, and preservation has always been high on our agenda. Despite the distance from the U.K. to the U.S. many of our members are regular visitors and often report back the warm welcome that they receive in and around the battlefield regions. We are happy to make this contribution.” The ACWRTUK has contributed to many projects including CWT preservation of Lee’s HQ, Raymond Battlefield cannons, the BGES, Longstreet’s Home, Edinburg Mill and Rosecrans statue to name a few of the recent ones. They also contribute to U.K. projects and recently gave funds to two memorial plaques commemorating British subjects who fought in the war, one is displayed in Liverpool and the other in Pamplin Park Richmond. The ACWTUK Funds are earmarked for the ongoing demolition costs of modern buildings in the East Wood of the Antietam Battlefield.

Civil War News

April 2016

152nd Battle of Olustee Anniversary Is Commemorated At Historic Florida Site By Bob Ruegsegger

On the 152nd anniversary of the Battle of Olustee, hundreds of reenactors – Confederate and Union – commemorated the historic fight in which 10,000 men – infantry, cavalry, and artillery fought in February of 1864. The weekend event marked the 40th time the battle has been reenacted. “It’s a piece of history that a lot of people – even Floridians – don’t know. They don’t realize that the Civil War took place in this part of Florida,” said Florida Park Service Specialist Andrea Thomas who handles public relations for the popular event. “It’s a very educational event. There are a lot of good people and great things to see. It’s sort of like taking a step back in time.” Union troops commanded by General Truman Seymour landed at Jacksonville, Florida, and began an offensive. They marched west to Olustee before they were turned back by Confederate forces commanded by General Joseph Finegan and General Alfred Colquitt. General Finegan – charged with the defense of Florida – chose to set his defenses in Olustee between a lake called Ocean Pond on his left flank and an impenetrable swamp on the right. A narrow corridor between the flanking obstacles proved to be an ideal defensive position. The Battle of Olustee took place in a forest of virgin pines – fortified with earthworks. The Federals fought until nightfall when they initiated a hasty withdrawal after a demoralizing defeat. “Here at the Battle of Olustee artillery pieces and guns were left behind because of the massive retreat and the hurry,” said Tony Hodges, a reenactor with the Peace River Artillery from Savannah, Georgia. “They were being harassed by the Confederates who were chasing them. They didn’t want to be hauling an artillery piece,” he explained. “They were trying to get back to safety.” Confederate soldiers turned the abandoned artillery on the fleeing Union forces. They scooped up all of the equipment the Federals left behind and used it. They even salvaged the ammunition that the retreating Union troops had thrown into Ocean Pond. Olustee was a supply hub for the Confederacy. Rail service – passing through Olustee – extended from Jacksonville to Tallahassee. Federals hoped to disrupt transportation connections and seize Confederate supplies.

Union infantry surges across the battlefield only to be turned back by determined Confederate soldiers.

(Bob Ruegsegger photos)

“The Federal forces didn’t win. They were beaten back into Jacksonville,” said Carolyn Letts, U.S. National Forest volunteer at the Olustee Train Depot / Tourism Center. “They were pushed back and stayed in Jacksonville until the end of the war,” she said. “If the Confederates had kept pushing the Union forces, they could have gotten them out of Jacksonville.” People come to the Battle of Olustee reenactment for three reasons - according to Letts. One, the South won. Two, it’s the largest Civil War engagement fought in Florida. Three, the reenactment takes place on the original site. “It’s huge. The reenactment brings in a lot of people,” said Letts. “Lake City does a big parade. They host a lot of celebrations.” Bob Ruegsegger is an American by birth and a Virginian by the grace of God. His assignments frequently take him to historic sites throughout Virginia, the Mid-Atlantic, and the Southeast. Bob served briefly in the U.S. Navy. He is a retired educator and has been an active newspaper journalist for the last twenty years.

Leonard “Doc Woody” Woodrum, center, and his team of medical interpreters offered event patrons a realistic look at surgical procedures in the field as they were done during the Civil War.

Confederates infantry fire back while standing like a stone wall during the Union onslaught.

Union artillery fire into the Confederate lines. A U.S. 3-inch Ordnance rifle is located in the foreground.

Civil War News

The Watchdog By Craig L. Barry Loaded Muskets Taken After Battle At Gettysburg After Gettysburg in July 1863 27,574 muskets were picked up by the Union from the battlefield, according to the report of Lt. John R. Edie, Acting Chief of Ordnance, Army of the Potomac. This is found in The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, a/k/a “The ORs.” It is found in Volume XXXIX on “The Gettysburg Campaign”, p. 255. The report is also found in the Congressional Series of United States Public Documents, Volume 2771. What is interesting is that of those 27,574 musket, most of them—the figure 24,000 is most often used--were found loaded and many with more than one round. This is mentioned in more than a few books as a statement of fact, but they generally use another book as their source. Where did this widely accepted figure of 24,000 loaded muskets come from? Do we know what the original source for this amazing statistic might be? To start with, the statistics on the discarded, loaded muskets picked up

by the Union after Gettysburg are usually stated in those suspiciously round numbers. The fantastical claim that one recovered musket had 23 rounds loaded in it is also just accepted as a matter of fact. Try that sometime and you will find it would require a barrel five or six feet long. The most you will find for backing of these claims is an oblique reference to “Records” or “Reports” or if the passage is cited, another book which references “records or reports” but again provides no original citation. Good reason for it, too... I know of no official record or report that supports that 24,000 is the correct number and as a result it seems debatable. Paddy Griffith in the excellent Battle Tactics of the Civil War (p. 86) is dismissive of those figures as quite likely exaggerated as well. The earliest mention I can locate for these 24,000 loaded muskets gleaned from the fields of Gettysburg is a West Point text book titled A Course of Instruction on Ordnance and Gunnery for Cadets of the United States Military Academy (1867) by Brevet-Colonel JG Benton, p. 341, where he mentions that: “...of 27,574 muskets picket up on the battlefield of Gettysburg and turned into the Washington Arsenal,

at least 24,000 were loaded. About half of this number contained two charges each, about a fourth contained from three to ten charges each and the balance one charge. The largest number of cartridges found in any one piece was twenty three. In some cases the paper of the cartridges was unbroken and in others the powder was uppermost.” As to where the nice round, tidy figure of 24,000 loaded muskets actually came from, who knows? It appears to be completely anecdotal, water cooler talk around the Arsenal so to speak and Colonel Benton is primarily interested in providing these figures to the cadets in his class to make a broader point about the dangers of overloading the barrel of a musket (it may burst). The passage is contained in the textbook as a sub-chapter on the “Durability and Strength of the Musket Barrel.” Colonel Benton does not provide any source for the loaded musket figures from the Arsenal. If there is an official report or record from the Washington Arsenal that addresses where these figures came from or broke it down further, it is not cited. The soldiers on fatigue duty loading the muskets from the battlefield would not have attempted to check to see if they were loaded or keep any such records on the numbers. It would be within the area of responsibility of the armorers at the Washington Arsenal to receive these arms as they were returned from the battlefield, inspect them, clean them which would include any necessary unloading of loaded barrels and perform any necessary repairs to return them to active service.

April 2016 However, it’s probably a dead-end beyond that. These are the figures provided by Colonel Benton and stated as a matter of fact from his

textbook for Cadets from his course at West Point in 1867, but if you want primary source backing beyond this level it probably doesn’t exist.

Washington Arsenal during the US Civil War-era (pre-explosion June 1864). (Library of Congress)

Washington Arsenal yard photographed in August 1863. (Library of Congress)

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Civil War News

April 2016

– Briefs South Carolina Reenactor Jerry W. Cauthan Dies By Maj. Dan Gregory Hampton’s Legion Cavalry, Palmetto Battalion POINT SOUTH, S.C. Battle of Pocotaligo, S.C. — At the reenactment of the Battle of Pocotaligo held at Frampton Plantation in Point South, S.C., we lost Jerry Wayne Cauthan (July 24, 1949-Jan. 23, 2016) known as our beloved “Sharpshooter.” Jerry, 66, from Round O, S.C., was a reenactor for more than two decades. He served as a sergeant in the Hampton’s Legion Cavalry / Palmetto Battalion and as a scout in the 3rd South Carolina Cavalry. He loved history and his Southern heritage. He served in the United States Army. But most important he was a “True Friend” to many. He was loved and admired by all he met. He had arrived early to teach at school day on Friday as he had done many times before. He and I ate on Thursday night with fellow reenactors. Later that night he helped fix weapons and taught new recruits valuable lessons. School day was canceled, but Sharpshooter stayed and camped and waited on the rest of the unit to arrive. Saturday morning we saddled, rode and drilled the men and horses. He addressed the new recruits and continued to show them the right ways to do things. We had lunch and he gave my boy a new pair of warm gloves. He and my son served as the scouts for our group with great pride. He loved my boy as much as I do. We decided to take a final ride before calling it a day. I made the call of “Boots and Saddles” and later “To Horse!” Sharpshooter had already mounted, as always, before me. As I swung my leg over my horse, my friend came from his, in the middle of us. He got immediate

Civil War News Interest –

treatment from me and others who are nurses, paramedics and a host of public servants. We lost and God now has another Angel to watch over us down here. He died in his Confederate Gray with his boots on. I know he would have wished for no other way if he could have chosen for himself. My son DJ wrote a social media post shortly after Jerry’s death. It gives readers a glimpse of how we now feel: “On January 23, 2016, the day we were all broken, he was called upon by the Lord and he answered. He was my battle buddy, family, mentor, the Grandfather I never had. I miss him, we all do. “Greatest man you could ever meet. He’ll always be with us when we’re called to “Boots and Saddles”. He’ll be with me when the Major calls “Scouts Up!” Jerry Cauthan, I’ll never forget you.” Godspeed, Sgt. Cauthan, His obituary can be found at www. briceherndonfuneralhome.com

Petersburg NPS Hours PETERSBURG, Va. — Beginning March 13, 2016, park-wide facilities including visitor contact stations, governmental offices will open at 9 am and close at 5 pm. Park gates (excluding the City Point and Five Forks Units) and tour roads will open at 9 am and close at 8 pm. The Battlefield grounds will continue to open daily at sunrise and close at sunset. For more information about Petersburg National Battlefield, please call 804-732-3531 ext. 200. Petersburg National Battlefield was created in order to commemorate the campaign and siege and defense of Petersburg, Virginia, in 1864 and 1865. The park staff is committed to preserving and protecting the historical, cultural, and natural resources within the park in a manner that will provide interpretation, education, and enjoyment for the visitors.

Grant Assn. Meeting

RICHMOND, Va. — Registration is open for the Ulysses S. Grant Association’s 53rd Annual Meeting to be held May 6-8 in Richmond. It will begin with a Friday reception and dinner at the headquarters hotel, Omni Richmond Hotel. On Saturday A. Wilson Greene, executive director of Pamplin Historical Park and The National Museum of the Civil War Soldier in Petersburg, will host the group and speak, as will Grant biographer Ron White. The tour will include Confederate entrenchments that Grant’s troops faced during the Petersburg siege, lunch, and the museum. A tour of Tredegar Civil War Museum and dinner in Richmond will end the day. A Sunday morning panel of association staff will talk about the preparation of the scholarly edition of the Grant Memoirs to be published in 2017 by Harvard University Press. For registration information visit www.usgrantlibrary.org or contact Meg Henderson at mhenderson@ library.msstate.edu.

Japanese Summit GETTYSBURG, Pa. — A delegation from Japan visited Gettysburg National Military Park to prepare for the March World Battlefield Summit in Sekigahara, Japan, site of a 1600s battlefield. The summit shared lessons about conservation and visitation promotion from the battlefields of Gettysburg, the “Gettysburg of Japan.” Summit attendees were to include Supt. Ed Clark and Borough manager Charles Gable.

New Park Signs FORT OGLETHORPE, Ga. — Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park received $24,500 to replace outdated entrance signs at 12 major areas of the national park in Georgia and Tennessee and to build a new primary entrance sign designed for group photographs in front of the Chickamauga Battlefield Visitor Center. The Friends of Chickamauga and Chattanooga NMP will match the National Park Service’s (NPS) Centennial Challenge Program grant with $49,200. The $15 million NPS centennial grant program is funding 69 projects matched with an additional $33 million. According to Friends of the Park President Anthony Hodges the project is funded through a gift from

the estate of Shawn Johns, a longtime living history volunteer. For park information call Chickamauga Battlefield Visitor Center at 706-866-9241, Lookout Mountain Battlefield Visitor Center at 423-821-7786, or visit the park’s website at www.nps.gov/chch.

Women’s Weekend GETTYSBURG, Pa. — The registration deadline is May 31 for the Women’s Contributions & Challenges of the Civil War: Mentoring Weekend at the Daniel Lady Farm from June 10-12. Organizer Melynda Wrightstone says it is for women who want to try reenacting, learn the basics or move their current impressions forward. There will be no critiquing of one’s level of knowledge or experience. Participants can spend the weekend camping at the Daniel Lady Farm with other women who share their curiosity about the role of women during the Civil War. Tents, cots, and bedrolls will be available, as well as help setting up gear, for those who wish to stay at the farm. Registration of $10 payable to the Gettysburg Battlefield Preservation Assn. may be sent to GBPA, P.O. Box 4087, Gettysburg, PA 17325. For information contact Wrightstone at melwinna1@yahoo.com or on Facebook.

Chickamauga And Chattanooga Trails Grant WASHINGTON D.C. — Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park is selected to receive a 2016 Active Trails grant from the National Park Foundation, the official charity of America’s national parks. This grant will be used to encourage first-time visitors to “Find their Park” in their own backyard. Now in its eighth year, the Active Trails program supports healthy living by getting people out and active in national parks through projects promoting recreation and exercise. “Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park hosts active recreational opportunities to bike, kayak, canoe and hike while learning about the park’s history and resources,” said Kim Coons, Chief of Interpretation and Resource Education. “We look forward to strengthening our partnership with a local nonprofit, Glass House Collective. Together we plan to provide support for an urban, underserved neighborhood in East Chattanooga to discover our parks.”

“Sherman Reservation, a 50-acre public attraction, is located at the north end of a community that is undergoing revitalization. Thanks to our Active Trails program, we’re also able to interact with Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park in a much more intensive way to make it easier for people of all backgrounds to participate. Our residents will discover how they can actively enjoy our national parks in ways that speak to their unique interests,” said Teal Thibaud, Executive Director of Glass House Collective.

Fredericksburg, Its Wounded, & The Men & Women Who Rushed To Help FREDERICKSBURG, Va. — During 17 days in May 1864, more than 26,000 wounded soldiers passed through Fredericksburg— the human toll of the battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania Court House. Fredericksburg became known across the world as “The City of Hospitals” as virtually every public building in town was used to house the wounded. The flood of wounded overawed the army’s ability to care for them. Hundreds of Northern civilians rushed to help—women, clergymen, reformers, farmers and physicians. It was one of the largest relief efforts in American history to that time and featured the famous (like Clara Barton) or the forgotten and the lost. The experience touched virtually every corner of Fredericksburg. On Monday, February 29, 2016, John Hennessy, Chief Historian at Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park will tell this story, full of dramatic characters and vivid images, at the Headquarters Branch of the Central Rappahannock Regional Library. The hospitals in Fredericksburg were more impromptu, more chaotic than the Mansion House Hospital portrayed in the PBS series “Mercy Street.” But the stories of the wounded and caregivers are no less vivid. Mr. Hennessy will use the many period photographs and the words of those who were there to convey one of the most intense human trials in Fredericksburg’s history.

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Civil War News

April 2016

Guns Of The CSS Pee Dee Recovered From River By William Lockridge On Tuesday morning the 29th of September the hopes and dreams of many people were fulfilled when three large cannon tubes long lost in the Pee Dee River were removed from that waterway. Those gathered there on that day included historians and dignitaries of all persuasions. Concerns for site security and limited space prompted the site owners and state officials to undertake the recovery on an “invitation only” basis. Security was evident and effective throughout the property for the duration. The invitees began to gather early with an eye on an uncertain weather outlook. A damp and drizzly dawn yielded to a brighter day and by late morning a hot sun and high humidity left little doubt as to what conditions would be like by the 10 am time set for the recovery of the first tube. Ultimately the mosquitoes, fire ants and smothering weather nearly won that skirmish. One can only imagine what life was like over 150 years ago when there was no relief to look forward to by anyone present there. This story begins in the early years of the War of Northern Aggression when various Confederate naval officers were directed by CSN Secretary Stephen R. Mallory to seek out and develop sites suitable for the construction of vessels to be used by the new nations’ navy. For me, my good friend Catesby ap C. Jones and my son, Parker, the story begins about 7 years ago when a friend introduced me to the current owners of the Mars Bluff Confederate Navy Shipyard (also called the “Pee Dee Shipyard” by some). Some years ago Glenn Dutton and Rufus Perdue had found that the site of the old shipyard property was available and shortly thereafter negotiated its purchase. It was their kindness, hospitality and interest in preserving history that brought so many together on such an uncom-

fortable Tuesday morning in late September. During the war Mars Bluff became one of many sites that produced vessels intended for use by the fledgling Navy. Ironically, many shipyards like those in Mars Bluff, South Carolina, Columbus, Georgia, and Montgomery, Selma & Oven Bluff in Alabama were eventually lost to yankee land forces versus those of the Union Navy. The story of the “Guns of the CSS Pee Dee” begins in late fall 1862 when representatives were directed by Secretary Mallory to identify sites suitable for such purposes. The requirements for a navy yard were relatively few. First, there had to be reasonable access down the river leading to the Waccamaw River and other waters of coastal South Carolina. Second, there had to be a good supply of timber suitable for the construction of ships e.g. pine, cypress, oak, etc. Third, there had to be a sufficient supply of labor available to meet the needs of a shipyard, and lastly there needed to be sufficient infrastructure (land, rail, roadways, communications, mail, etc.) to facilitate the work anticipated. Flag Officer D.N. Ingraham, the CSN commander at Charleston, ordered Lt. Alphonse Barbot to undertake the task of identifying suitable sites along the rivers of South Carolina. The land at Mars Bluff itself was owned by Joseph Bird. Bird was more than willing to lease the property to the navy and shortly thereafter negotiated an agreement for the use of the site and some existing improvements thereon. By April 1863, the new shipyard had progressed to the point where actual construction of vessels could begin and the building of the ship to be named the CSS Pee Dee commenced.

CSS Pee Dee Commissioned

The gunboat was designed by Acting Naval Constructor John L.

U.S. 9-inch Dahlgren shell gun being transported to the preparation area. Glenn Dutton of Long Bay Salvage operated the excavator during the removal process. (Jack Melton)

Porter, CSN, in 1862 from a design originated by Matthew. F. Maury. Lt. Edward J. Means, second commander of the naval yard, supervised initial construction. Lt. Van Rensellaer Morgan superseded Means and it was during his tenure as the third commander of the shipyard that the new gunboat was fitted out and placed into service. The new vessel was placed under the command of Lt. Oscar F. Johnston. Ultimately the gunboat never ventured far from the place of her creation. From her commissioning in April up to the end of her service life the CSS Pee Dee was more of an exercise in “doing something” rather than “fighting” anything. Never challenged nor even exchanging fire with anything representing the Union she spent most of her time in construction and service fighting seasonal discomforts, insects and boredom. It seems that very little has changed since the war regarding personal comforts. However, the boredom issue was nowhere present on the 29th of September past judging by the reception given the guns as each was lifted from the muddy waters of the Pee Dee River! The gunboat now known as the CSS Pee Dee was to be 150 feet in length, have a beam of 25 feet, and draw about 9 feet of water when loaded according to some early accounts. Built primarily for use in shallow coastal waters her accommodations were sparse for the crew of approximately 91 men. Like those serving on so many of the vessels of the new gray nation’s navy, much of their time would likely have been spent ashore in quarters more practicable to their needs.

Gunboat Armed & Provisioned

Eventually the initial plan for arming the boat was superseded by one that called for a much upgraded armament package employing a pair of John M. Brooke-designed double banded rifles made at the Confederate Naval Gun Foundry and Ordnance Works in Selma, Ala. These two rifles comprising VI.4inch (a/k/a 6.4-inch) No. S-53 and 7-inch No. S-46 were capable of accurately firing projectiles well over

Glenn Dutton, son Tanner and Rufus Perdue were the crew that worked with the archaeologist during the recovery of the cannon. (Jack Melton) 4 miles. The flat nosed cylindrical bolts also designed by Brooke late in 1861 were capable of penetrating over 8-inches of iron plating making them exceptionally dangerous for any opposing ironclads. These two superb rifles were complimented by a 9-inch smoothbore Dahlgren shell gun that had been in service onboard the defeated union ship USS Southfield. The latter tube is number “FP No. 513” produced at the Fort Pitt Foundry at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania in mid-1862. The USS Southfield had been lost on April 19, 1864, during an engagement with the Confederate ram CSS Albemarle near Plymouth, N.C. (see article by Drs. Larry Babits & Lynn Harris together with Joe Beatty (of SCIAA), The Artilleryman magazine, Winter 2015 Vol. 37, No. 1, P. 14). The ever resourceful and weapons hungry Confederates quickly re-purposed the lost union gun. Eventually, these three large guns were placed on deck mounted pivots aboard the gunboat. Carriages for them were constructed at the Charlotte Navy Yard. The 7-inch rifle was situated as the forward deck pivot gun and would have been the gunboat’s primary weapon. The 9-inch Dahlgren shell gun was placed amidships while the VI.4inch Brooke rifle was positioned as the rear pivot gun. These three large naval guns were supplemented by one of several 24-pounder Dahlgren deck howitzers captured by CSA

General Wirt Adams on a union gunboat near Yazoo City, Mississippi in early 1864. Ammunition for the Brooke guns likely came from several sources but most notably the Richmond Naval Ordnance Works and fabricated under the supervision of Lt. Robert D. Minor (see article by Jack W. Melton, Jr. in The Artilleryman magazine, Winter 2015, Vol. 37, No. 1, P. 47). The ammunition for the 9-inch Dahlgren would most likely have been taken from the stores of the USS Southfield at the same time the guns were removed or elsewhere manufactured by a CS Ordnance facility. As for her “war record”, the CSS Pee Dee made one brief sortie upriver during the last week of February 1865 to a point near the large Confederate depot at Cheraw, S.C. The purpose was to support CSA General Hardee in defending that city against the invading troops of General William Sherman. Faced with the 10,000 or so men in Sherman’s command, Hardee prudently ordered a fast and full retreat. Hardee’s parting orders to Johnston were to return to the shipyard and to destroy the CSS Pee Dee along with any other boats, the shipyard and the nearby railroad ridge. Means destroyed much of the shipyard along with the several other vessels also building there but did not destroy the railway bridge knowing it would be needed by the local population as soon as the yankee troops passed on.

Ted Gragg, Catesby ap C. Jones, Parker and William Lockridge touch the massive 7-inch double-banded Brooke rifle for a parting photograph. (Peggy Melton)

Civil War News

April 2016 Upon return to the shipyard after the Cheraw adventure the gunboat had been grounded by falling water with the stern near mid-stream and the bow near the river’s bank. In order to free the gunboat it had to be off-loaded. To accomplish this, the guns, ammunition and other stores were thrown overboard. The gunboat was then maneuvered downstream below the railroad bridge and there burned to the waterline. That the destruction of the boat was undertaken per the orders of Hardee must have offered little solace to those who had labored so hard to bring her to life.

Current Recovery Process

The most recent efforts leading to the recovery of the gun tubes began in 2009 and involved SCIAA, East Carolina University Program in Maritime Studies (ECU), and Francis Marion University (FMU) Conservation facility with project funding from The Drs. Bruce and Lee Foundation of nearby Florence. These efforts have been led by and significantly contributed to by Dr. John Leader, State Archaeologist, Dr. Chris Amer as former Head of the MRD, his successor, Dr. James Spirek, Dr. Larry Babits, Director of the Program in Maritime Studies at Eastern Carolina University (now retired) together with Dr. Lynn Harris, Assistant Professor, ECU as Co-Principal Investigators during the 2009 Field School, and a number of university students representing ECU and FMU. Shipyard property owners Dutton and Perdue have

also contributed substantially to this work ably assisted by Dutton’s son, Tanner.

Retrieval of Guns & Plans

After many years, the time finally arrived for recovery of the most sought after artifacts of the CSS Pee Dee. Notice came from SCIAA that the guns would be removed from the river on the morning of Tuesday, September 29th, 2015. Among those invited dignitaries and guests was the great grandson of CSN Commander Catesby ap R. Jones. He is Mr. Catesby ap Catesby Jones (90 years) of Selma, Ala. He is also one of only two individuals living who have physically touched each and every one of the known 18 surviving Selma-made Brooke guns thus far recovered. At 10 am the retrieval process began when Dutton positioned a track hoe on the bank adjacent to the location of Brooke Tube No. 53. The lifting straps were attached to a pre-fitted harness and the tube was raised from a long immersion to dry ground after 150 plus years. Handled with great care the giant gun tube was expertly lowered onto the ground and then positioned on cribbing pending preparation for transport to the Warren Lasch Conservation Center on Wednesday. Quickly after this the 9-inch Dahlgren gun and the 7-inch Brooke rifle were expertly hoisted onto the grounds of the old shipyard. In less than an hour all three recoveries had been accomplished – work that had been so anxiously awaited

by so many for so long. The guns were kept wet until the news media and others present had the opportunity to view these historic tubes so long missing a human presence. By about 1 pm the process of preparing the tubes for transport had begun and most of the guests had departed. At long last the lost guns of the CSS Pee Dee were back on dry ground. The tubes would not rest there for long, however. All three tubes were moved to the Warren Lasch Conservation Center in North Charleston, SC on Wednesday September 30 to undergo conservation. Following the restorative work the guns will be placed on public display in Florence at the new Veterans Administration facility there. William E. Lockridge is the author of a book detailing the role of Selma, Alabama during the war of 18611865. His research has been underway for over 10 years and represents the most detailed study thus far undertaken on that place during the war. That research has included a very detailed examination of the Selma/Confederate Naval Gun Foundry & Ordnance Works and the story behind the production of the best large cannon produced anywhere in the world at the time – the double banded Brooke guns which are so much a part of the story of the CSS Pee Dee. He has touched each of the 18 surviving Selma gun tubes (along with Catesby ap C. Jones) during his field work.

Top to bottom: C.S. 7-inch Brooke rifle, No. 46; U.S. 9-inch Dahlgren smoothbore gun, No. 513; and C.S. 6.4-inch Brooke rifle, No. 53. These were the guns from the CSS Pee Dee that were recovered from the Great Pee Dee River on that September day. (Jack Melton)

New NPS Superintendent At Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania

Kirsten Talken-Spaulding, the newly appointed superintendent of Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park in Virginia. PHILADELPHIA, Pa. — National Park Service Northeast Regional Director Mike Caldwell has selected Kirsten Talken-Spaulding as superintendent of Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park in Virginia. She replaces Lucy Lawliss who retired in late December, 2015. Talken-Spaulding comes to the position from Fort Monroe National Monument in Virginia. She will begin her new role in April. “We look forward to Kirsten taking the helm at Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park,” said Caldwell. “Her outstanding work in leading the startup operations at Fort Monroe demonstrates her ability to work with partners and stakeholders to preserve our shared history. These skills will be an important asset as she leads Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park through the many challenges and opportunities ahead.” Kirsten Talken-Spaulding began her National Park Service Career (NPS) in 1988 at Shenandoah National Park. She then worked at NPS headquarters in Washington, D.C., Mojave National Preserve in California, National Mall and Memorial Parks in Washington, D.C., and Haleakalā National Park in Hawaii in the 1990’s. In 2003, she returned to the mainland with positions in the National Capital Region, including Prince William Forest Park and National Capital Parks-East.

In 2010, Talken-Spaulding was selected for the Bevinetto Congressional Fellowship, a two-year training and development program based in Washington, D.C. She served as a staff member of the U.S. Senate Energy & Natural Resources Committee and as special assistant to the director of the NPS and then with the NPS Office of Legislative and Congressional Affairs. From late 2011 to 2016, Talken-Spaulding proudly served as the first superintendent of Fort Monroe National Monument in Virginia. “Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park is a park of rich history and resources, embedded in communities that not only help to tell the park stories, but share in those stories,” said Talken-Spaulding. “I am excited to work with those inside and outside of the park who have cared for this hallowed ground for decades.” Talken-Spaulding received a Bachelor of Science degree from the College of William & Mary and a Master of Divinity degree from Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary. Talken-Spaulding is a member of the Fredericksburg Area Running Club and has enjoyed running throughout the Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania, and Stafford areas for years. She enjoys long distance endurance motorcycling, including an 11,80-mile trip visiting 68 national parks in 26 states during a two-week rally in 2015.

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Standing behind the 7-inch Brooke rifle are Nate Fulmer, Joe Beaty, Dr. James Spirek, Dr. John Leader- the SC State Archaeologist, Daniel Brown and Jessica Irwin who all helped with the recovery. (Bill Lockridge)

AOrdP434@comcast.net • (810) 987-7749

Civil War News

The Burning Of Atlanta: What Really Happened? By Stephen Davis Big fires in American history spawn legends. Mrs. O’Leary‘s cow may not have started the Great Chicago Fire, but William T. Sherman’s shadow looms large over the Burning of Atlanta. The old legend has it that he allowed his soldiers to burn the entire city. Go to the Georgia state capitol today and you’ll see on the square a plaque placed there in 1920 by the United Daughters of the Confederacy. On September 2, it states, Federal troops entered Atlanta and shortly thereafter Sherman “reduced the city to ashes.”1 It really didn’t happen that way, but after almost a century the plaque is still there. Old legends die hard. The truth—or as near to it as we can get—is more complicated--and fascinating.

General Sherman had only been in Atlanta a few days when he proposed to U. S. Grant an idea for his next campaign: rest his troops at Atlanta for a while, then march them across Georgia to Savannah and the Atlantic Ocean. “I would not hesitate to cross the State of Georgia with sixty thousand men,” he wrote on September 10, 1864. Later he added, “I can make the march and make Georgia howl.”2 Of course, before he left for the sea, Sherman would have to tend to the enemy facing him. At the time, Gen. John B. Hood’s Army of Tennessee, having evacuated Atlanta, was hovering twenty miles south of it. In late September Hood decided to march off into north Georgia, either hoping to lure the Federals into battle or striking the Chattanooga-Atlanta railroad to cut them off

from supplies. Sherman eventually sent George Thomas and John Schofield with two infantry corps back to Tennessee, where Hood seemed to be heading. Then, in early October, Sherman slowly followed Hood’s course with three corps, leaving Gen. Henry Slocum’s XX Corps to hold Atlanta. By October 11, Grant had approved Sherman’s proposed march to the sea. Sherman would have to wait awhile, though, before launching it. For the next month he tarried in north Georgia with his XIV, XV and XVII Corps, monitoring the movements of the Rebel army. Meanwhile he got his commissary and quartermaster officers in Atlanta gathering supplies and getting rid of the stuff his troops would not need for “the grand move into Georgia,” “my big raid,” and “the grand march,” as he

April 2016 variously called it. On November 1 he also ordered Slocum to “make preliminary preparations for the absolute destruction in Atlanta of the railroad track, depots, car and store houses, shops, and indeed everything that might be used to our disadvantage by an enemy.” It is likely that General Sherman had more than that in mind for the city he had worked so hard to capture. To Grant on November 6 he confided that before he left, he would see that “Atlanta itself is utterly destroyed.”3 The people themselves had all been cleared out. Soon after taking Atlanta Sherman ordered all remaining civilians to leave. They could go south; he arranged a ten-day truce with Hood so those wishing to enter Confederate lines could do so. Or they could go north; he offered train transport to Nashville, Louisville and other points. By late September almost all civilians had been expelled. After that, the story of Sherman’s wrecking of Atlanta begins with three Federal regiments. During most of the occupation, only three

Union regiments—the 2nd and 33rd Massachusetts and 111th Pennsylvania—were quartered downtown. The rest of Slocum’s troops were encamped outside of the city. To these three regiments was assigned the work of planning the destruction of Atlanta’s railroad and manufacturing facilities. The 2nd got the big passenger depot (the “car shed”) in the center of the city, and factory buildings to its east along Decatur Street. The 111th would destroy the Western & Atlantic roundhouse and the gas works out Marietta Street. The 33rd would target the Macon & Western roundhouse, but also the several blocks of commercial storefront along Whitehall and Peachtree Streets. On a map submitted to Col. William Cogswell, post commandant, an officer of the 33rd shaded in an area labeled simply “brick block.” But also to be destroyed were downtown hotels and even the Medical College, where sick Federal soldiers were being treated. The only explanation for destroying such non-military targets was that orders had come down for everything made of brick

About the only burning done by Hood’s troops was here, at the eastern edge of Atlanta. As they evacuated on the night of September 1-2, Confederates torched the iron rolling mill along the Georgia Railroad. Near it they also set fire to more than two dozen railroad cars filled with ammunition, which could not be gotten out of town. The explosions and intense heat created the “moonscape” photographed here by George Barnard during the Federal occupation. (Library of Congress)

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April 2016 to be demolished. As one Federal recorded, “it was argued that the rebels could use the large buildings for hospitals, warehouses and so forth.”4 So everything brick would come down. Notice that Atlanta’s houses and private residences were not on the Federals’ list of structures to be burned. That did not mean that General Sherman did not expect his soldiers to spare people’s homes. Earlier in the year, Sherman had led 26,000 troops from Vicksburg eastward across Mississippi to Meridian. At Jackson, Brandon and other places, Union soldiers had burned both public facilities and private homes. Even after Gen. James B. McPherson ordered no burning of citizens’ houses, soldiers set fire to them. “There was a growing sense among Sherman’s men,” writes historian Clay Mountcastle, “that their destructive behavior would largely go unpunished and was perhaps even welcomed by the officers.”5 This was indeed the attitude among the men when Sherman was about to lead his three corps from northwest Georgia back to Atlanta. Before leaving Rome, Gen. John Corse’s division was ordered to destroy railroad shops and foundries, but the soldiers set fire to houses, too. Much of Rome thus went up in flames. “It is against orders,” wrote one Federal on November 10, “but the soldiers want to see it burn.” Orders could vary, and at points Union officers were told to burn houses and whole towns if guerrillas were active in the area. Gen. John Smith, division commander in the XV Corps, directed a regiment at Canton to “permit the citizens

to remove what they desire, and burn the town.” Cassville was also torched. One lady remembered years later how a Yankee officer came up and said, “”Madame, I have orders to burn your house. You have twenty minutes to get your furniture out.”6 Before he got back to Atlanta, Sherman changed his mind on who would do the wrecking of the designated structures. The plans submitted by the three provost regiments stressed fire and explosives, but trained engineers knew how to knock down buildings more efficiently. Sherman on November 7 thus ordered his chief engineer, Capt. Orlando Poe, to take on the work of demolition in Atlanta. A few days later Sherman gave to go-ahead to Poe: “You may commence the work of destruction at once, but don’t use fire until the last moment.” One probable reason for this delayed— fire order involved Sherman’s infantry. As Poe’s engineers went to work, the XIV, XV and XVII Corps would be marching back into and through Atlanta to positions east and south of the city, preparatory to beginning the big campaign. Sherman could not have them marching through a city on fire.7 On the morning of November 12 the last northbound train left Atlanta, carrying the last equipment and stores not needed in the forthcoming campaign. After the train crossed the Etowah River thirty miles north of the city, Federals moving south along the railroad began tearing up track. Inside Atlanta regiments were assigned to pry up the rails, heat them on burning ties, and twist them beyond repair. On the 13th engineers brought down the Western & Atlan-

tic bridge over the Chattahoochee, which Northerners had rebuilt on wooden beams months earlier, after the Rebels had destroyed it in their retreat. The next morning, obeying Sherman’s orders not to use fire till the last, Poe’s engineers used iron battering rams on tall sawhorses to knock down the brick car shed. The Macon & Western freight depot, built of granite, was too sturdy to be knocked down; the 1st Michigan Engineers blew it up with 700 pounds of powder. All was not orderly, however. For days word had spread among Slocum’s men that Atlanta was going to be torched. A Wisconsin private wrote his wife on November 7 that they would “burn up the Gate City.” “Old Sherman,” wrote another, “is cleaning Atlanta and is going to burn the place.”8 Sensing that they were within days of setting out for the sea, some soldiers took matters in their own hands and set unauthorized fires to houses along Decatur Street on the night of the 11th. Fire wagons about to be put on the train heading north were called into action, and guards were ordered to “shoot on the spot all incendiaries.” General Slocum posted a $500 reward to any informant, but nobody snitched. Despite all the precautions, somebody set another blaze on the 12th. “Large fire in the City again to day,” recorded Isaac Roseberry, a Michigan engineer, in his diary.9 It was even worse the next day. On November 13 engineers and pioneer regiments began setting fire to designated facilities. “Of course the fires have spread considerably among the residences,” observed

All of this was burned. Sherman’s intent to see Atlanta “utterly destroyed” called for the burning of the downtown business area. This view by Barnard looks north along Whitehall Street. Across the railroad is the Georgia Railroad Bank, which was set ablaze in the fires of November 15. A year after the war Barnard revisited Atlanta; the bank, a burned-out shell, had not been rebuilt. (Library of Congress)

Some buildings were targeted, others were not. Across the tracks are the Atlanta Hotel and the Trout House hotel. Both were designated for demolition, as Sherman called for the leveling of brick buildings downtown. There were exceptions. The Masonic Hall, to the right of the Atlanta Hotel, was not damaged. Barnard took this view in the last days of the occupation. On the loading platform across the tracks is a fire engine which was to be loaded on a northbound train. When the first fires broke out on November 11, soldiers put it back to work. To the far right, on the wall of the Atlanta Intelligencer building, is a handbill for “Wentworth’s the New American Hercules Tonight Nov. 8.” (Library of Congress) Capt. Edwin E. Marvin of the 5th Connecticut. Soldiers marching in could see all the fires being set and determined to start some of their own. Eleven-year-old Carrie Berry and her family were among the few civilians allowed by authorities to remain in the city. “Sun. Nov. 13,” she entered in her diary; “the federal soldiers have ben coming to day and burning houses.”10 The men were right about their officers looking the other way. The 13th was the day Sherman and his staff rode into Marietta, and saw men set fires to the courthouse, hotel and stores on the town square. According to the general’s aide-de-camp, Maj. Ward Nichols, “stragglers will get into these places, and dwelling-houses are leveled to the ground.” Another officer, Maj. Henry Hitchcock, expressed concern at the men’s misdeeds, to which Sherman replied, “I never ordered burning of any dwelling—didn’t order this, but can’t be helped.”11

On the 14th, having knocked down the car shed and other buildings, Federals set fire to the wreckage. The infantry saw all this, and concluded (as one put it), that “the pioneers were having all the fun.” So they set their own blazes. Allen Campbell, a sergeant in the 1st Michigan Engineers, knew very well the orders against unauthorized arson, but he didn’t care. With torch in hand he approached a residence, only to be stopped by a little girl. “Mr. Soldier, you would not burn our house, would you?” she asked. “If you do, where are we going to live?”12 Campbell felt so ashamed that he skulked away, leaving the little girl’s home unharmed. The engineers conducted their final detonations on the morning of November 15. This was the day that the “brick block” along Whitehall and Peachtree Streets was set afire, as were the downtown hotels which had been marked for destruction. Of course the men joined in “the fun,”

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especially after commissary officers opened their warehouses and soldiers found liquor inside. “The men plunged into the houses, broke windows and doors with their muskets,” Capt. David Conyngham recorded. Drunken looters pillaged, “dragging out armfuls of clothes, tobacco and whiskey, which was more welcome than all the rest.” The burning of both businesses and residences reached its hellish crescendo that day. “Many houses had been burned,” recorded Dr. E.P. Burton of the 7th Illinois in his diary, “and all day long the fires kept increasing in number.” The infantry marching into town along Marietta Street continued to do their part. “We arrived in the suburbs of Atlanta at 2 p.m.,” wrote Capt. James R. Ladd of the 113th Ohio. “No sooner did we arrive than the boys commenced burning every house in that part of the town.”13 The unauthorized arson continued well after sunset. Carrie Berry and her family sat up all night in their home on Fairlie Street. “If we had not sat up our house would have ben burnt up,” she entered into her diary the next day; “the soldiers were going around setting houses on fire where they were not watched.”14 In truth, areas of downtown were under guard by Colonel Cogswell’s provost regiments. Capt. Henry Comey of the 2nd Massachusetts later wrote that the men of his regiment stood their posts while all the burning was going on, under orders “to guard all other structures, houses and churches from those who would torch such private property.”15 (The Berry family was fortunate to have a guard standing at their house.) On the night of November 15, Major Hitchcock was with Sherman at his headquarters in the John Neal house, across the street from City Hall. At some point he chose to take a walk to the car shed, a few blocks away. Coming back, guards at two downtown churches nudged him into the street; they would not let him pass on the sidewalk. This brings up the local legend of Father O’Reilly. Thomas O’Reilly was priest of Immaculate Conception Cathedral downtown. He was one of those civilians allowed to stay in the city after the expulsion. A half-century ago the Atlanta Historical Society dedicated a monument to Father O’Reilly, thanking him for saving City Hall and five nearby churches, including Immaculate Conception, from being burned by Union sol-

diers on the night of November 15. A local newspaper article about the monument dedication was entitled, “Monument to Priest Who Stood Up to Sherman,” as if the Union commander had ordered the downtown church-burnings.16 But how did the good Father “save” the churches? The story has several variants. An early one is that on the night of the great fires, Catholic soldiers voluntarily stood guard at the cathedral and parsonage, “and would not allow any homes adjacent to be fired that would endanger them.”17 Thus the nearby City Hall and Protestant churches were saved. Never mind that one of the provost regiments keeping order in the city, the 2nd Massachusetts, had its camp on the very grounds of City Hall square, or that General Sherman’s very headquarters were right across the street. Another spin comes from Union Captain Conyngham, who wrote in 1865 that “ruffians” – he could not call them fellow Federal soldiers— were running amok downtown, threatening the cathedral, when Father O’Reilly confronted them, and “upbraided them for their sacrilege.” The Yankees “shrank before virtue and truth,” slinking away in shame. Thus Fr. O’Reilly “not only saved his own church, but also those of his fellow Christians.”18 Another version has the priest counseling Sherman. “General Sherman conferred with the Rev. Father Thomas O’Reilly,” according to the Atlanta Journal, “and consented to spare five churches.”19 Still another has O’Reilly meeting not with Sherman, but the XX Corps commander—he “lobbied General Slocum,” according to another local writer, to have guards posted at the churches.20 Wilder versions have O’Reilly a) threatening Slocum that “he had the authority to send all the Catholic soldiers home” if the churches were harmed 21; and b) lecturing Sherman that he could have offending Catholic soldiers excommunicated; whereupon “the red-haired general….mercifully withdrew his orders and the churches of Atlanta were spared.”22 Amidst all of these urban legends, as I call them, the historian has to sort out the facts: how much of Atlanta was destroyed? The Yankees, of course, low-ball their estimates: Major Hitchcock, 25%, Captain Poe, 37%. How they came up with these numbers is anybody’s guess, especially as both officers left Atlanta the very morning after the great fires of November 15, when Sherman set

April 2016

Tearing up track downtown. The last northbound train left Atlanta on the morning of November 12. After its departure, Federals began tearing up all track in the city, as well as on the Western & Atlantic line from the city to the Etowah River, more than forty miles of railway. Capt. Orlando Poe’s engineers supervised the destruction in the city, but the work was done by regiments of a “Provisional Brigade.” The men shown here prying up the rails are probably of the 66th Ohio, which was assigned to this section of track. The Western & Atlantic freight warehouse is in the background; it stood about three blocks northwest of the Car Shed. The depot was destroyed before the Federals left the city. (Library of Congress) out on his march. Southerners just as naturally tend to exaggerate. A Georgia militia officer, William P. Howard, surveying the city a few weeks later, claimed that anywhere from 3,200 to 4,000, maybe as many as 5,000 houses had been laid waste. “The suburbs present to the eye one vast, naked, ruined, deserted camp,” Howard asserted.23 Ironically, Atlantans returning to their city estimated the destruction rather conservatively. Zachariah Rice, for instance, wrote a column for the Montgomery Appeal, offering his observation of the property damage. Noting destruction of the business district along Whitehall and Peachtree Streets, Rice also emphasized the burning of buildings along main thoroughfares which would have been used by the Yankees marching into the city (Marietta Street) and out of it (Decatur). Of note, Rice confirmed that “the churches are all unhurt,” except for a small chapel in the northern

suburbs and St. Luke’s Episcopal downtown—the latter, established by Confederate chaplain Charles Quintard in April ‘64, was called “the Rebel church” by the Federals, and seems to have been deliberately targeted for burning by them.24 Rice’s and some other contemporary accounts have allowed Dr. Gordon Jones of the Atlanta History Center, writing text for a historical marker sponsored by the Georgia Historical Society, to state that “only forty percent of Atlanta was left in ruins.”25 To me, that sounds about right. One GHS marker that doesn’t get it right, though, is one which was dedicated in November 2014 on the grounds of the Carter Center in Atlanta. Its text seems to go out of its way to show that the Federals didn’t burn houses in Atlanta—“destroying Atlanta’s industrial and business (but not residential) districts,” as it reads.26 Someone complained to President Carter about the obvious inaccuracy. At the President’s request the Historical Society has removed the offending plaque to another site. One hundred-fifty years after Sherman’s burning, and we’re still arguing about it! Somewhere ol’ Cump has got to be chuckling over his legacy in Atlanta! Sources cited

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6. 7.

“THE EVACUATION OF ATLANTA….ERECTED BY THE ATLANTA CHAPTER UNITED DAUGHTERS OF THE CONFEDERACY. 1920,” Washington Street entrance, State Capitol. Stephen Davis, What the Yankees Did to Us: Sherman’s Bombardment and Wrecking of Atlanta (Macon, 2012), 360. Davis, What the Yankees Did to Us, 360-62. Davis, What the Yankees Did to Us, 370-72. Clay Mountcastle, Punitive War: Confederate Guerrillas and Union Reprisals (Lawrence KS, 2009), 87-88. What the Yankees Did to Us, 373, 379-80. Ibid., 372-73, 378.

8. 9. 10. 11.

12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

21. 22. 23.

24. 25.

26.

Ibid., 367. Ibid., 373, 390. Ibid., 390-91. Ibid., 381-82; M. A. DeWolfe Howe, ed., Marching with Sherman: Passages from the Letters and Campaign Diaries of Henry Hitchcock (Lincoln NE, 1995 [1927]), 52-53. What the Yankees Did to Us, 389, 395. Ibid., 393-95. Ibid., 404. Ibid., 398. Atlanta Journal, Oct. 19, 1945, p. 29. “Atlanta As left by the Enemy. Report of Gen. Howard,” Macon Telegraph, Dec. 10, 1864. David P. Conyngham, Sherman’s March Through the South (New York, 1865), 238. Laura McGregor, “Trinity Methodist Spared by Sherman,” Atlanta Journal, Aug. 17, 1957. Russell S. Bonds, War Like the Thunderbolt: The Battle and Burning of Atlanta (Yardley PA, 2009), 353. John Wesley Brinsfield, Jr., The Spirit Divided: Memoirs of Civil War Chaplains (Macon, 2006), 225. Doc Lawrence, “Ireland’s Gift to Atlanta—Father Thomas O’Reilly,” Brookhaven Buzz, March 1996, 14. Franklin M. Garrett, Atlanta and Environs: A Chronicle of Its People and Events, 2 vols. (New York, 1954), vol. 1, 654. Davis, What the Yankees Did to Us, 405. “The Burning and Destruction of Atlanta,” Georgia Historical Society marker, originally dedicated at Martin Luther King Jr. Drive and Central Avenue; recently moved to front of Georgia Railroad depot. Alan Blinder, “150 Years Later, Wrestling With a Revised View of Sherman’s March,” New York Times, Nov. 15, 2014.

Stephen Davis is a longtime Civil Warrior and avid book collector. His two paperbacks on the Atlanta Campaign, A Long and Bloody Task and All the Fighting They Want, will be published this summer as part of Savas Beatie’s Emerging Civil War Series.

Civil War News

April 2016

Atlanta 1864 – Sherman’s Photographer

Atlanta’s passenger depot called “the Car Shed”, was completed in 1854. The forty foot-tall, 100 yardlong brick building was at the very center of the city, the point at which all the railroads converged. It was of course marked for destruction. (Library of Congress)

Sherman’s quarters, and two downtown churches. Needless to say, Federal soldiers indiscriminately burning houses in the last days of the occupation avoided the one to the left. It was the home of John Neal, which Sherman used as quarters when he was in town, including the night of November 15. It was located across the street from City Hall (now the square occupied by the Georgia state capitol). Looking up Washington Street are the Second Baptist Church and Central Presbyterian Church. A local myth arose that Father Thomas O’Reilly, Catholic priest of the nearby Immaculate Conception cathedral, somehow saved these structures and his own church from burning by Federal soldiers on November 15. But the evidence does not support this “urban legend.” (Library of Congress) George Norman Barnard (1819-1902), was a photographer who traveled with General Sherman’s army during the March to the Sea. He captured these amazing photographs of Atlanta. Barnard was working for Mathew Brady at the outbreak of the Civil War and is best known for his 1866 masterpiece, Photographic Views of Sherman’s Campaign.

General Sherman ordered his chief engineer, Capt. Orlando Poe, to avoid using fire in downtown destruction until the very last. Poe accordingly rigged up two tall battering rams, each with a 21-foot iron bar suspended by chains. Soldiers got these swinging against the walls on the morning of November 14. “In about three hours,” wrote Wisconsin Cpl. Harvey Reid, “that elegant structure was a mass of ruins.” The next day this wreckage was set on fire. (Library of Congress)

Camp of the 2nd Massachusetts, City Hall square. The 2nd was one of three XX Corps regiments assigned to provost guard duty downtown. Barnard photographed this view looking northeast from Mitchell near Washington Street. Wood for the men’s shanties came from unoccupied buildings downtown, which Sherman authorized to be wrecked for such use. Georgia militia general William P. Howard later stated that bricks for the huts’ chimneys came from the three-story Female Seminary, which Captain Poe’s engineers demolished on October 13 to make way for defensive fortifications in the city . Note that the hardwoods still have their leaves—even in north Georgia they don’t fall till later in the autumn. (Library of Congress)

Civil War News

President Lincoln’s Cottage To Become An Autonomous Museum WASHINGTON, D.C. — President Lincoln’s Cottage, which opened to the public in 2008 under the National Trust for Historic Preservation, has a new form of governance and administration. Effective Jan. 1, the site is transitioning from a “stewardship” site to a “co-stewardship” operation with autonomy as President Lincoln’s Cottage at the Soldiers’ Home, a new 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. A new board of trustees will assume responsibility for operations and staff management while the National Trust will continue to lease the property from the Armed Forces Retirement Home, provide technical services and grant funding, and consult with the new entity on the property’s ongoing preservation and interpretation of the property. Stephanie K. Meeks, Trust president and CEO, said that the Trust has been working to develop new models of stewardship for its 21 historic sites and house museums, with governance by boards that are rooted in each site’s community of supporters and stakeholders. Lester “Ruff” Fant, chairman of President Lincoln’s Cottage Site Council, praised the National Trust for creating and supporting President Lincoln’s Cottage. He said generous members of the Council and others provided resources that gave the Cottage financial stability while Executive Director Erin Carlson Mast

and the staff developed the Cottage as a museum of ideas that shows how President Lincoln’s ideals and values are important in developing solutions to today’s problems. “As we move to independent operation I am confident that President Lincoln’s Cottage will achieve a greatness that is worthy of a home of President Abraham Lincoln,” Fant said. President Lincoln’s Cottage has received national awards for preservation, education and museum technology. “Through our programs, 362 days out of the year, President Lincoln’s Cottage demonstrates that Lincoln’s fight for liberty is not a relic of history, but a struggle for the present and future,” said Mast. The Cottage is on the grounds of the Armed Forces Retirement Home in Washington. Lincoln spent more than a quarter of his presidency there. He drafted the Emancipation Proclamation during his first summer in residence. He met soldiers, veterans, self-emancipated blacks and others while traveling to and from the White House and on the soldiers home grounds. The Robert H. Smith Visitor Education Center is open from 9:30-4:30 Monday-Saturday and 10:30-4:30 on Sundays. Cottage tours are on the hour every day. For more information visit www.lincolncottage.org or call 202-829-0436.

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April 2016

Waterloo Will Celebrate Its 150th Memorial Day WATERLOO, N.Y. — The village of Waterloo, the birthplace of Memorial Day, will observe its 150th consecutive Memorial Day this year. President Lyndon Johnson in 1966 gave Waterloo the birthplace honor, which other communities have claimed. Grand Army of the Republic national commander Gen. John Logan on May 5, 1868, designated May 30 of that year as Decoration Day, calling for graves of those who died defending their country to be strewn with flowers or otherwise decorated. This year’s 17th Annual Celebrate Commemorate Memorial Day events scheduled May 27-30 will be preceded by a month of observances including parades, balls, presentations and a motorcycle bike rally. Walking tours and a dinner theater reenactment of the history of Memorial Day will begin the commemoration on May 5. A period fashion show and tea are scheduled May 14. On May 30, Memorial Day in

keeping with Logan’s Orders, children will decorate veterans’ graves and there will be prayer services in the village cemeteries. May 27-29 events include historical tours, dramatic performances, concerts, arts and craft shows, children’s activities and a Saturday parade. Organizers hope to host the largest concentration of US and CS reenactors and heritage groups in the Northeast. In addition to soldier encampments, which will include New York U.S. Colored Troops, events will include a review by President Lincoln, military and civilian presentations, artillery fire, Harriet Tubman, and Frederick Douglass giving his Decoration Day address at Arlington National Cemetery. A Saturday Reconciliation Event at Waterloo’s American Civil War Memorial will include Lincoln, President and Mrs. Grant, Tubman, Douglass, Robert E. Lee,, photographer Alexander Gardner,

Dr. Mary Walker, Belle Boyd, Clara Barton, Northern sympathizer Elizabeth Van Lew and others. During the Civil War, Waterloo was committed to supporting the Union efforts and the Underground Railroad, with several houses being used as stations for runaway slaves. The village also was the Birthplace of the Women’s Rights movement when women met at the M’Clintock House to write the Declaration of Sentiments and plan the first Women’s Rights Convention held in nearby Seneca Falls in 1848. Women’s Rights National Historical Park will have special events at the M’Clintock House during the weekend. Waterloo’s National Memorial Day Museum will host a dignitary reception prior to the parade. Ceremonies in Lafayette Park will feature government officials and special dignitaries. For information go to http:// waterloony.com

Point Lookout Civil War Light Keeper By Carl L. Sell Jr. SCOTLAND, Md. — In recent years, many people who have lived in or visited the keeper’s quarters at the Point Lookout Light swear they heard movements and voices from long ago. Imagine if you could hear the spirit of Pamelia Edwards, the keeper during the Civil War. She could tell of the rapid buildup of first a large Union hospital in 1862 and then an even larger prison camp the following year just north of the lighthouse. Then, she could tell of their quick destruction soon after the war ended 150 years ago. Thereafter, nothing was left except the lighthouse and one small building. Edwards served as lighthouse keeper from April 7, 1855, until she apparently was replaced on June 4, 1869, by the new administration of President Ulysses S. Grant. Her father, Richard Edwards, had been appointed keeper in April 1853. He died three months later and his daughter, Martha, assumed the duties after a replacement nominee had withdrawn. Two years later, Martha apparently got married and passed the torch, so to speak, to her sister, Pamelia. The 1860 census listed Permelia (sic) Edwards, 44, as the lighthouse keeper and her brother, Elkanah, 23, as the assistant keeper. The Point Lookout lighthouse was built to warn ships of nearby shoals and mark the location where the Potomac River meets the Chesapeake Bay. The government bought the land for $1,150 and awarded a contract worth $3,350 for the construction. It took a little over five years from the approval of the project until the opening of the lighthouse on Sept. 30, 1830. Before the war Point Lookout had been a popular summer resort with a hotel and cottages. Pamelia Edwards kept the light burning as a beacon for the ships delivering supplies, wounded and prisoners or passing by on their way to the huge Union port at City Point on the James River. In 1862, the federal government leased land near the lighthouse to build a hospital Union wounded. Hammond Hospital, named for the new Surgeon General of the United

States, William Alexander Hammond, opened on Aug. 17, 1862. It was built like the spokes of a wheel and initially included room for a small number of prisoners, mostly residents of the area accused of aiding the Confederacy. After Gettysburg, a large prison was created north of the hospital, capable of handling 10,000 Confederates. By December 1863 9,000 captives were living in old army tents in what a representative of the Federal Sanitary Commission described as deplorable conditions. When completed, the prison and the hospital consisted of 50 buildings, including the lighthouse. More than 4,000 prisoners died there before the war ended. Because of a fire in 1921 that destroyed records, little is known about Pamelia’s 14 years as the lighthouse keeper at Point Lookout. There apparently was an incident on Jan. 6, 1862, involving “certain acts savoring of disloyalty on the part of the keeper reported.” Edwards no doubt was exonerated, as her term continued. Other later entries show her ordering supplies and repairs. After the war, the prisoners were paroled and released, the hospital was closed and the property abandoned. Plans were advanced for a mass grave and monument for those who died at the prison. Bodies were reinterred at the site and names were engraved on the monument. Some areas returned to a resort with the opening of the large hotel that stood on the site until it burned in 1878. The lighthouse remained in operation and underwent numerous changes, including the installation of a turbine powered by a windmill to provide electricity for the light,

the first of its kind in the continental United States. Previously, the light was an open lamp fueled by whale oil that was reflected by the use of lenses. The property was transferred to the Coast Guard in 1939. The light went out after 135 years on Jan. 11, 1966. Today, the lighthouse sits on the southernmost water’s edge of Point Lookout State Park and is owned by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. In the 1970s, the lighthouse became a rental property and strange sounds and voices began to be heard. Several séances produced stories of footsteps, singing, talking and other noises that were attributed to the keepers’ spirits. Some of the voices were said to be female, including one singing “Living in the Lighthouse.” Pamelia Edwards remains a mystery. Although records of All Faith Episcopal Church in Charlotte Hall list her as being buried at the church, her gravesite is unknown. Her date of death is listed as March 28, 1893, at age 76. The Point Lookout Lighthouse Preservation Society was formed in 2006 to assist in restoring the facility. Donations to support the society can be sent to PO Box 135, Saint Leonard, MD 20685. The Descendants of Point Lookout POW Organization owns a threeacre Confederate Memorial Park next to Point Lookout Confederate Cemetery, which is a National Cemetery. The lighthouse is open once a month from April to November. For information, e-mail info@PLLPS. org or call 301-684-3704.

Civil War News

April 2016

Black Powder, White Smoke By Joe Bilby Rifle-Musket Overloads and the Jersey Muskrats Rifle-Musket Problem Most Civil War historians and buffs are aware of the famous afteraction report regarding the muskets and rifle-muskets picked up on the Gettysburg battlefield in the aftermath of that famous fight. What was noteworthy was the revelation that many of them were loaded multiple times. To be more specific: “Of the whole number received (27,574) we found at least 24,000 of these loaded; about one-half of these contained two loads each, onefourth from three to ten loads each, and the balance one load each.” This problem, which had apparently never been studied after earlier weapons recoveries on previous battlefields by either side, was used as a rationale for a subsequent order to every unit in the Army of the Potomac in the spring of 1864 to engage in target shooting before the opening of the campaign season that year. The shooting program was, however, actually little more than what would be called in the modern army “familiarization firing.” There were also more detailed findings than those generally reported. Investigating ordnance officers discovered that “in many of these guns from two to six balls have been found with only one charge of powder. In some the balls have been found at the bottom of the bore, with the charge of powder on top of the ball. In some as many as six paper regulation calibre [sic] 58 cartridges have been found, the cartridges having been put into the guns without being torn or broken.

Twenty-three loads were found in one Springfield rifle-musket, each load in regular order” A few of these problems may well have been due to a soldier picking up the weapon of a wounded or dead comrade without knowing it was loaded, an explanation often offered. Most, however, were no doubt the result of either ignorance of proper loading procedures due to a lack of training or understandable panic under fire. For a look at modern shooters live firing rifle muskets the “old fashioned way,” with traditional paper cartridges being “torn or broken” rather than the modern style plastic tube rounds used by most rifle-musket shooters, check out this youtube video from the American Civil War Skirmish Association: https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=j_w2sQCGjM&feature=youtu.be

composed of twelve companies organized into three battalions as a “rifle regiment” and rank insignia were green instead of infantry blue. Each company had a bugler who was supposed to communicate orders on the skirmish line, rather than assume the usual musician battle position as a stretcher bearer in the rear. Despite all the hoopla, it appeared that the regiment would be issued smoothbore muskets, as Springfield rifle-muskets, which the men had been promised, were in short supply in 1861 and usually reserved for regular army units. New Jersey Governor Charles Olden, however, made a special plea for Springfields and a supply was delivered directly from the arsenal to Trenton to arm the men of the 9th. The 9th New Jersey was specifically chosen for General Ambrose Burnside’s North Carolina coastal campaign in early 1862, but not for its shooting acumen. Burnside was impressed with the large number of watermen in the regiment’s ranks and shooting ability, albeit a plus, was not his primary motive for selecting the

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The Sharpshooting Jersey Muskrats The 9th New Jersey Infantry was raised in the autumn of 1861, and recruiting posters stressed that it would be a sharpshooter unit. Some of those who volunteered for the 9th did so under the mistaken assumption that they were joining one of Hiram Berdan’s United States Sharpshooter regiments. The unit recruited around the state, drawing German target shooters from Newark and coastal watermen and duck hunters, although the latter’s firearms experience was with short range shotguns rather than accurate long range rifles. Instead of a conventional ten-company infantry regiment, the 9th was

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regiment. In the field the 9th, dubbed the “Muskrats” because of their ability to successfully cross swampy terrain under fire while assaulting an enemy position, gained an excellent reputation at Roanoke Island and New Bern, but was reorganized as a standard ten-company regiment in 1862. Eventually a 50-man group was established as an official sharpshooter detachment within the regiment. The 9th spent most of the war along the coast, and was assigned to the siege of Charleston in the spring of 1863, which proved an unhappy experience for the regiment, as the Jerseymen suffered from both disease and boredom. On the regiment’s return to North Carolina the 9th’s sharpshooters practiced for the first time since before the Charleston expedition, but the results were far from satisfactory, and after they fired several hundred shots at a target 100 yards away an observer remarked that “not more than a dozen would have taken effect.” The shocked detachment commander imposed a refresher training regime and after a couple of weeks, “out of 200 shots

fired at a range of 230 yards at a target resembling a Confederate soldier, 140 struck the target and nearly a dozen hit the Rebel squarely in the eye.” The lads of the 9th New Jersey were ready to go back in action! Joseph G. Bilby received his BA and MA degrees in history from Seton Hall University and served as a lieutenant in the 1st Infantry Division in Vietnam. He is assistant curator of the National Guard Militia Museum of New Jersey and author of more than 300 articles and 14 books including Small Arms at Gettysburg, Monmouth Court House: The Battle that Made the American Army and Freedom to All: New Jersey’s African-American Civil War Soldiers. He is at JGBilby44@aol.com; www. hiddenhistoryofnewjerse.com.

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Civil War News

– Reviews

Civil War Books –

Guelzo On Emancipation, Its Relevance Redeeming the Great Emancipator. By Allen G. Guelzo. Illustrated, photos, notes, index, 208 pp., 2016, Harvard, www.hup.harvard. edu, $22.95.

This is the second volume of the Nathan I. Huggins lectures at Harvard University that I have read. The first, as eminent as this volume, Emancipating Lincoln: The Proclamation in Text, Context, and Memory by Harold Holzer, examined the impact of Abraham Lincoln’s proclamation of freedom at the time it was issued and how its meaning has changed since. This second contribution eloquently objects to charges of racism and political opportunism levied against Lincoln. The volume originated as the 2012 Huggins lectures. In recent years, Lincoln’s reputation

as the “Great Emancipator” has been under attack by historians and others who view his proclamations as political gamesmanship. Allen Guelzo effectively refutes these allegations and places them in a contemporary framework. He revives the importance of the Emancipation Proclamation and Lincoln’s reputation as an antislavery advocate. While noting Lincoln’s flaws, including his belief that recently freed blacks were unprepared for full citizenship, Guelzo explores the myths surrounding his proclamation. He discusses the relevance of self-emancipation and congressional attempts to take the lead on emancipation away from Lincoln. Guelzo even explores the issue of reparations for slavery. After reading this book (and Holzer’s Emancipating Lincoln), no one will be able to rationally deny Lincoln’s anti-slavery sincerity. Guelzo opines that Lincoln still deserves the title of Great Emancipator because he was a positive force for race relations: “Lincoln is a piece of African American history as much as Civil War history; and the fate of African Americans is tied to the fate of all other Americans. Inequality, as William Julius Wilson reminded us, is a problem for blacks, whites, Latinos, and Asians together as Americans, as citizens, as friends. For ultimately, we are indeed all in this together.” The author explains his rationale by making several major points. First, he explains emancipation’s significance and finds overwhelming evidence that Lincoln was deeply

committed to ending slavery. Carefully choosing his words, Guelzo contextualizes Lincoln’s statements and character. He adds that the “problem with our apprehension of Lincoln’s antislavery is that he seems to have gone about it in what we would regard as a bafflingly obtuse fashion.” This is because Lincoln did not initially view slavery as primarily a racial issue – but one that was political and economic. Second, Guelzo argues that Lincoln lacked racial empathy because he was “the wrong man for expressions of empathy on almost any subject.” Many, including myself, will disagree with this. Addressing the controversy surrounding demands for reparations for slaves’ descendants, Guelzo states that “reparations” were in fact paid by the gigantic cost of the Civil War in death, suffering and dollars. He says the war’s initial mission was reunification but it changed to both reunification and emancipation during the conflict. Finally, the author concludes that Lincoln himself readily admitted his dependence on God when he said in 1864, “I attempt no compliment to my own sagacity. At the end of three years of struggle the nation’s condition is not what either party, or any man devised, or expected. God alone can claim it.” This is a first-rate book that describes a major historical event and its relevance today. Reviewer Frank J. Williams is founding chairman of the Lincoln Forum and author of Lincoln as Hero.

11th Mich. Soldiers During, After War Conspicuous Gallantry: The Civil War and Reconstruction Letters of James W. King, 11th Michigan Volunteer Infantry. Edited by Eric R. Faust. Illustrated, photos, maps, appendices, notes, bibliography, index, 304 pp., 2015, Kent State, www. kentstateuniversitypress.com, $45.

James W. King enlisted as a private in the 11th Michigan infantry in September 1861. Just 19 years old, King began a long correspondence with his future wife, Sarah Jane Babcock, whom he affectionately called Jenny. King’s letters offer richly detailed descriptions of the places he saw, including towns like Louisville

and the mountainous regions of Tennessee and Georgia. Just like a tourist, King could not resist sitting in “the old armchair presented to [Andrew] Jackson by Washington” when he visited The Hermitage, near Nashville. Throughout his enlistment King exhibited a strong desire to fight until the war was won, and he showed little reluctance to criticize the generals. Don Carlos Buell, in his estimation, was a “traitor.” And when George B. McClellan was relieved of command in November 1862, King wrote, “we have tried such generals too long. This standstill policy I do not believe in, never did. I hope our new leaders will not follow in the tracks of their predecessors.” King’s experiences in the army included a minor engagement with Confederate raider John Hunt Morgan, as well as the battles of Murfreesboro, Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge. “I have seen sights that would make the blood curdle in one’s veins,” he told Jenny. In some cases he chose not to describe what he saw. But editor Eric Faust wisely included some of King’s most colorful accounts from Charles E. Belknap’s History of the Michigan Organizations at Chickamauga, Chattanooga, and Missionary Ridge (1897). These include a description of King’s wounding at Missionary Ridge on Nov. 24, 1863. Throughout the correspondence King often reflected on the terrible-

April 2016

ness of war; yet he never wavered in his commitment to serve out his enlistment. Southerners, in his view, had brought this “destruction” on themselves — and he would see to it that they got what they deserved. “The monster secession entered the sacred circle,” he wrote of one abandoned home in February 1863. “The home is left to the mercy of the Northern soldier who, to avenge himself against some brother’s wrong, applies the torch, and the consuming flames speedily do their work…. Ah Jenny there is an awful penalty resting on the heads of the leaders of this rebellion. May each of them meet a traitor’s doom.” A number of topics arise in King’s letters, including his hatred of Copperheads and his views of women. Southern women, he noted, “have one very bad habit, and that is nearly all use tobacco & snuff to excess.” When Jenny apparently suggested that women might serve in the military, he replied that their nature was “an embodiment of peace and gentleness” and that women were “not fitted to pass through the trying scares which war always brings.” But when Jenny told him that she had been learning to farm, James replied playfully, “You would make a pretty looking farmer Jenny.” Only 15 men in the 11th Michigan volunteered to reenlist in 1864, and King was not among them. In July 1864, he was wounded in the shoulder by a Confederate shell that

Kansas Frontier Guard Was First To Defend Washington The 116: The True Story of Abraham Lincoln’s Lost Guard. By James P. Muehlberger. Illustrated, photos, map, timeline, bibliography, appendices, notes, index, 446 pp., Ankerwycke, www.shopaba.org, $24.95. Just when you think that everything has been written about Abraham Lincoln, another obscure subject comes to light. This is the history of first responders, The Frontier Guards, a group of Kansas veterans who came to the aid of Abraham Lincoln and defended the capital from Confederate attack in the earliest stages of the Civil War. This book lucidly describes the unit’s history and the activities of its leader, James Lane of Kansas. It details their performance in “Bleeding Kansas” and the efforts made to deceive the Confederacy into not attacking Washington City at its most vulnerable time. Although the text is only about 200 pages, the book contains considerable information on their activities and

even more on the relationship of Lincoln and Lane. Lane was quite influential in Lincoln’s political life. The remaining 200-plus pages contain detailed and interesting biographies of the unit members and their fates before, during and after the war. This is a well-written and informative history of an obscure unit and a relatively unknown aspect of the war. It provides much information on Lincoln’s early-war political aspirations. I thoroughly enjoyed this book and believe it deserves a spot on your book shelf. I highly recommend it. Reviewer Joseph A. Truglio is president and business agent for a motion picture film technicians local union and a lifelong student of the Civil War. His memberships include the Lincoln Group of New York and New Jersey Civil War Heritage Assn. He is president of the Phil Kearny Civil War Round Table in Wayne, N.J.

Ulysses Grant: Youth to Uniform by Joe Krom This historical novel illustrates Grant’s boyhood in southern Ohio up to his entry into the army as a lieutenant. Ulysses shaped his country. What events shaped him? What early influences molded his character? $14, paperback, 209 pages Eel River Traders, Publisher www.eelrivertraders.com

exploded above him while he was leisurely reading a book. After recovering, King returned to Michigan with his regiment in September and was discharged in October. Rather than remain up north, he returned to Chattanooga, where he worked as a clerk for the assistant quartermaster. King returned to Michigan in the fall of 1865 to marry Jenny. Soon thereafter he settled in Tennessee to try his hand at growing cotton. Jenny spent some time there with him and some time back in Michigan. Throughout 1866 they corresponded with one another and with other family members, with topics ranging from farming and land speculation to race relations and national politics during Reconstruction. By 1868, however, the Kings had had enough of the South, and threats of Klan violence forced them to return to the North. Conspicuous Gallantry is capably edited and annotated by King’s great-great-grandson. The inclusion of both wartime and postwar correspondence makes this worthwhile reading. Reviewer Jonathan W. White is associate professor of American Studies at Christopher Newport University and author of several books about Abraham Lincoln and the Civil War. Visit his website at www.jonathanwhite.org.

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Civil War News

April 2016

Woman From The North 7 Essays Discuss Lincoln & Europe Goes South As Teacher Heading South to Teach: The World of Susan Nye Hutchison, 1815-1845. By Kim Tolley. Illustrated, maps, tables, notes, bibliography, index, 278 pp., 2015, UNC, www.uncpress.unc.edu, $29.95 softcover.

First half 19th-century American history is often overshadowed in literature and schools by the issues that brought about the Civil War. Often this preoccupation subsumes other themes or characteristics of the age some call “Freedom’s Ferment,” the ripening of the Republican spirit in the newly developing nation. Freedom’s Ferment spawned a new way for Americans to view the world and was played out in arenas of American life that included religion, education, women’s rights, mental health care and for social justice. Fueling this attitude was the Second Great Awakening (1790-1840), a religious revival movement that pushed these issues and abolition to the forefront of American society. Kim Tolley’s biography of Susan Nye Hutchinson explores one of the little-known players of the Second Great Awakening. Hutchinson left behind a rich diary for scholars to catch a glimpse of this important time. Tolley’s skillful use of other source material like newspapers, census returns and church records further illuminates Hutchinson’s life and provides a solid dose of American social history.

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The book’s setup is of particular note. Beneath the heading of each chapter, Tolley has included significant slices from Hutchinson’s diary, which set the stage for the chapter’s narrative. In this fashion, readers get a much fuller and more robust portrait of the protagonist than in a traditional biography. Susan Nye began her diary as she headed south in 1815. She married Adam Hutchinson in 1825. Her last entry was made in 1841. At the time less than one out of five white Southerners, 16 or older, and fewer than one out of 10 enslaved and free blacks had any religious affiliation. Nye was not just a teacher but also an evangelizer bringing the word of God to others. She did this in myriad ways: praying in the streets of Raleigh with slaves and free blacks, establishing an independent school in Georgia, and risking arrest by teaching slaves to read. Other American women of the age, such as Lucretia Mott, Angelina and Sarah Grimke, and Harriet Beecher, are better known for promoting women’s rights and speaking out against slavery. Yet Hutchinson deserves credit as a groundbreaker for all she accomplished during an era of shifting social norms. Readers interested in the social history of the first half of the 19th century will find this book enjoyable and fascinating. The author’s sentiments about her subject are best summarized when she visits Hutchinson’s grave and notes about the headstone, “When the sunlight falls from the right angle, the phrase becomes clear: ‘The Righteous Live in Everlasting Remembrance.’” Reviewer James A. Percoco is Teacher-in-Residence for the Civil War Trust and The Journey Through Hallowed Ground Partnership, the author of Summers With Lincoln: Looking for the Man in the Monuments, and a member of the National Teachers Hall of Fame.

witness of a sort “thatA historians rarely encounter.

The Selected Letters and Papers of Maj. Eugene Blackford, C.S.A. VOLUME 1

Fred L. Ray, Ed.

”

SHARPSHOOTER The Selected Letters and Papers of Maj. Eugene Blackford, C.S.A. Edited by Fred L. Ray

A Virginia officer in an Alabama regiment, commander the Army of Northern Virginia’s elite sharpshooters, Eugene Blackford’s correspondence spans nearly the entire war and allows a modern reader to see this turbulent era through the eyes of someone who lived it. His accounts of the sharpshooters; battles like Chancellorsville and Gettysburg; camp life; army leaders; and national and regimental politics are detailed and exceptional. Volume 1 of 3. Special 20% prepublication discount • 6x9 cloth, 235 pages, 10 Maps, 30 illustrations, footnotes, index, bib. – CFS Press, Asheville, NC

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Lincoln in the Atlantic World. By Louise L. Stevenson. Illustrated, photos, tables, notes, bibliography, index, 290 pp., 2015, Cambridge. www. cambridge.org, $99.99 hardcover, $29.99 softcover.

One of the great shifts in studies of American history in the 18th and 19th centuries has been the introduction of a transatlantic perspective. Partly, this reflects a political agenda since the transatlantic perspective seeks to displace ideas about American exceptionalism. But in a healthier way, the transatlantic perspective reminds us that events like the Civil War did not occur in a vacuum. Both sides placed heavy bets on the possibilities of European intervention, and both armies leaned heavily on the examples afforded by European warfare at mid-century. But the transatlantic perspective cannot be limited merely to diplomatic or military history. Louise Stevenson’s Lincoln in the Atlantic World reminds us that, for Abraham Lincoln, the Civil War was a “testing” of the single greatest accomplishment of Enlightenment political ideas, the creation of a large-scale republic. Thus, “the outcome of the Civil War would determine the fate of republicanism both nationally and globally, in 1865 and for all time.” Stevenson approaches the transatlantic Lincoln through a series of seven essays, which she

calls “lessons” – an African lesson, a German lesson, an English lesson, and so on. The “African” lesson is about the unusual appearance, in the list composed in 1860 by John Locke Scripps of “most influential” books Lincoln had read, of Nathaniel Riley’s 1817 Authentic Narrative of the Brig Commerce. That was an account of the shipwreck and enslavement of American sailors in North Africa. Scripps was shrewdly positioning Lincoln’s opposition to slavery as an issue that touched white Americans, not just blacks. He also was lining up Lincoln’s support for gradual, compensated emancipation with similar recommendations made in Riley’s popular Narrative. Another “lesson” comes in the form of the hat Lincoln wore in his undercover passage through Baltimore en route to his inauguration. The hat was a soft-brimmed “Kossuth hat,” made popular in America by the champion of Hungarian independence, Louis Kossuth. “Lincoln had adopted the uniform of a European republican” and may have even borrowed his famous Gettysburg formula — “of the people, by the people, for the people” — from a speech Kossuth delivered before the Ohio legislature in 1852. The most intriguing of Stevenson’s lessons is the last one, taught by the British comedy, “Our American Cousin.” Although it is remembered today only as the play Lincoln was watching when John Wilkes Booth fired his fatal shot, Stevenson carefully unpacks in detail the message Lincoln was enjoying. “Overall, the play discredits aristo-

cratic pretensions and both male and female conventions of gentility,” especially the “sockdologizing” of the British upper classes who had done so much to favor the Confederacy. “Sockdologizing” – a “verbal jab at aristocratic” pretensions — was almost the last word Lincoln heard, and formed an ironically appropriate period to a life that challenged pretension at every level. Stevenson’s book is more of a series of episodes than a comprehensive survey of Lincoln and the Atlantic world of the 19th century. Latin America, for instance, makes no appearance in the book, nor do the European wars of the 1850s and 1860s. The “English lesson” is almost entirely about John Bright but gives short shrift to Bright’s formidable political ally, Richard Cobden, who was known broadly as “the British Lincoln.” There are several easily-corrected errors that will annoy hard-core Lincolnites (e.g., Francis Carpenter’s First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation depicts Lincoln’s reading of the “preliminary” proclamation to his cabinet on Sept. 22, 1862, not, as commonly thought, the first draft reading of July 22, 1862). But this book adds a series of important bricks in the rebuilding of the worldwide context of the Civil War, which is, after all, what concerned Abraham Lincoln the most. Reviewer Allen C. Guelzo is the Luce Professor of Civil War Studies at Gettysburg College and the author of the New York Times best-seller Gettysburg: The Last Invasion.

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April 2016

1861 Peace Conference’s 13 Essays On ’64 Tennessee Campaign Aim To Avert Civil War The Peace That Almost Was: The Forgotten Story of the 1861 Washington Peace Conference and the Final Attempt to Avert the Civil War. By Mark Tooley. Illustrated, photos, notes, index, 316 pp., 2015, Nelson Books, www. thomasnelson.com, $26.99.

For 19 days in February 1861, 131 delegates from 21 states met in Washington in a quixotic attempt to prevent the Civil War. Mark Tooley has written a significant and entertaining book describing the often-overlooked efforts of the Washington Peace Conference. Upper South and Border slave states, as well as Northern free states, were represented. Tooley’s most valuable contribution is to confirm that the national crisis was all about slavery. He says, “Nearly all the Peace Conference was a desperate attempt to protect slavery and assuage Southern worries about Northern Republican encroachment on Southern political prerogatives.” He cites a Washington Star article that said the arriving delegates faced the “only question upon where (sic) there bids fair to be any considerable difference of opinion — the territorial slavery question.” The author describes the delegates, contemporary Washington, its clergy and churches (not really necessary), proposed compromise provisions, counting of the presidential electors’ ballots, Abraham Lincoln’s

arrival and tangential involvement, the conference’s agreement on proposed constitutional amendments, the immediate undermining of them by ex-President and conference president John Tyler, and congressional inaction on them. The conference agreed to recommend congressional initiation of constitutional amendments that would •reinstate the Missouri Compromise boundary between free and slave territories; •require a majority of slave state senators to approve new territorial acquisitions; •prohibit congressional interference with slavery where it existed; •affirm fugitive slave laws; •ban importation of slaves, and •require unanimous approval of the states to revoke any of these provisions. It is significant that, like the unsuccessful Crittenden proposals of the preceding month, these conflict-avoidance proposals dealt solely with slavery-related issues. At the conference’s close, Tyler pledged to present these proposals to both houses of Congress because it was “my duty to give them my official approval and support.” By the next evening, however, he had taken his seat as delegate to Virginia’s secession convention, denounced the proposals and called the conference a “worthless affair.” Tooley does not contend that the conference was insignificant. He points out that it probably delayed secession by Virginia and other Upper South states, helped prevent Border states’ secession, and arguably provided a cooling-off period that enabled the electoral vote counting and Lincoln’s inauguration to occur peacefully. Despite a few minor historical errors, this book is a marvelous exposition of a significant, generally unknown occurrence in the series of events that occurred between Lincoln’s election and inauguration. It is highly recommended. Reviewer Edward Bonekemper is Civil War News Book Review Editor and author of six Civil War books, including The Myth of the Lost Cause: Why the South Fought the Civil War and Why the North Won.

The Tennessee Campaign of 1864. Edited by Steven E. Woodworth and Charles D. Grear. Photos, maps, notes, 261 pp., 2016, Southern Illinois, www.siupress.com, $34.50.

After the fall of Atlanta, Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood broke away from the Union army under Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman to initially cut off his communications with the North and later to invade Tennessee in the hope of drawing Sherman off in pursuit. This volume is a collection of 13 essays on this pivotal 1864 campaign The first essay, edited by William

Lee White, is a recently discovered diary about Confederate division commander Maj. Gen. Patrick R. Cleburne’s movements through Alabama and northern Georgia at the commencement of the campaign. Next is an accounting by Stewart Bennett of the battle of Allatoona Pass, Georgia. This is an exciting description of the bloody contest. John R. Lundberg tells of the Battle of Spring Hill, Tenn., and the aftermath of the clash, when Gen. John M. Schofield’s troops slipped by the Confederate army, escaping to fight again at Franklin. There are two essays about the Battle of Franklin. First is “The Destruction of the Army of Tennessee’s Officer Corps . . .” by Andrew S. Bledsoe. Following is an essay examining the psychology of killing as it pertained to Franklin, where there was a lot of killing and much close-quarter fighting On the two-day Battle of Nashville, there are four essays. Brooks D. Simpson writes of the pre-battle communication difficulties and misunderstandings among Gens. George H. Thomas, Ulysses S. Grant and Henry W. Halleck. In “Where Genius Cannot Exist,” Paul L. Schmelzer scrutinizes Thomas’s generalship in light of German military writer Carl von Clausewitz’s standard for military “genius.” D.L. Turner and Scott L. Stabler

describe “The Fight for Freedom by the U.S. Colored Troops at the Battle of Nashville.” Co-editor Steven E. Woodworth describes the actions of Gen. Andrew Jackson (A.J.) Smith’s command at Nashville. John J. Smith writes about civilians’ actions during the Franklin-Nashville Campaign. Co-editor Charles D. Grear tells of “Texans’ Reactions to Hood’s Tennessee Campaign.” Finally, Timothy B. Smith and Jennifer M. Murray, respectively, describe battlefield preservation at Franklin and Nashville, Tenn. Although the salvation of the battlefield land and buildings at Franklin got off to a late start, its story is positive. Unfortunately, the preservation of land at Nashville is the story of a true “lost cause.” Except for Shy’s Hill and a few forts, redoubts and monuments, the battlefield of Nashville has been largely taken over by urban sprawl. Little remains of the fields where Thomas’s and Hood’s troops once struggled. This book is a valuable addition to a Civil War library. Although it does not contain as detailed descriptions of the campaign as other volumes, these essays provide fresh insights. Reviewer Robert L. Durham spent most of his career at the Defense Logistics Agency. He has written book reviews and articles for numerous historical blogs and publications.

Books for Review can be sent to:

CWN Review Editor, Edward H. Bonekemper III 814 Willow Valley Lakes Dr., Willow Street, PA 17584 Send cover image to ebonekemper@comcast.net

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April 2016

Definitive Work On 1864 Raid & Dahlgren’s Papers Kill Jeff Davis: The Union Raid on Richmond, 1864. By Bruce M. Venter. Photos, maps, appendix, notes, bibliography, index, 378 pp., 2016, Oklahoma, www.oupress. com, $29.95.

Union Col. Ulric Dahlgren lay dead in a muddy road northeast of Richmond, Va., on the night of March 2, 1864. He and his fellow cavalrymen had ridden into an ambush set up by Confederate horse soldiers and home-guardsmen. On the slain colonel’s body, the Rebels found papers that ignited a controversy that continues to today. Dahlgren and his troopers were part of the so-called Kilpatrick-Dahlgren Raid intended to release Union captives in Libby Prison and on Belle Isle in the Confederate capital. Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick had brokered the idea of such an operation and received approval of it from President Abraham Lincoln and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. The plan involved a three-prong effort. A main body, nearly 4,000 horsemen under Kilpatrick, would

advance on Richmond from the north, while units of Maj. Gen. Benjamin Butler’s command would come in from the east, up the Peninsula. A diversionary movement under Brig. Gen. George Custer would move toward Charlottesville. Dahlgren’s role in the operation was to lead a 500-man force to free the prisoners on Belle Isle, south of the James River. In the end, Custer’s movement had little effect on the overall operation. Butler never sent forces toward the capital, and Confederate resistance proved stiffer than anticipated. The furor arose immediately after the raid’s failure. The papers found on Dahlgren consisted of orders and his memorandum book. Most important were the words, “Jeff Davis and Cabinet must be killed on the spot.” Since then, as author Bruce Venter asserts, the raid has been “layered in myths, legends, truth, and confection.” It has been the source of much historical inquiry and speculation. Venter’s new work, however, will likely stand as the definitive study on the raid for a long time. The author addresses all the controversies by removing mysteries, rendering judgments and admitting that certain matters elude certainty. The research is impressive, and the writing is finely crafted. This book is highly recommended.

103rd New York & Connecticut Books Make The War Personal Crossing Antietam: The Civil War Letters of Captain Henry Augustus Sand, Company A, 103rd New York Volunteers. Edited by Peter H. Sand and John F. McLaughlin. Illustrated, photos, map, notes, bibliography, index, 184 pp., 2015, McFarland, www.mcfarlandpub. com, $35 softcover.

Hidden History of Connecticut Union Soldiers. By John Banks. Illustrated, photos, notes, bibliography, index, 206 pp., 2015, History Press, www.historypress.net, $21.99 softcover.

Reviewer Jeffry D. Wert is a retired Pennsylvania high school teacher. He is the author of eight books on the Civil War, including his recent Cavalryman of the Lost Cause: A Biography of J.E.B. Stuart.

of his character, but he doesn’t make a very favorable impression on me. He is not very refined and appears to be fond of show, as he goes round in camp in full Zouave uniform, with a long mustache and shaved head, and looks like anything but an acting brigadier.” While he lay dying at the Otto farmhouse on the Antietam battlefield, Sand and his mother Isabella wrote several touching letters to his family in New York. Since I guide at the battlefield, Max’s five postwar paintings of the farm and house made the letters and the captain’s passing all the more poignant to me. Hidden History is so much more than a collection of the tragic stories of Connecticut soldiers and their families. John Banks writes about Pvt. Orlando Snow who went into a deep depression when he lost his very ill brother Nelson in Otto’s cornfield at Antietam. Nelson preferred to die in battle than risk being called a coward. Orlando did not snap out of his melancholy until an Irish enlisted man whipped him in a brawl. Captured with most of the 16th

Connecticut at Plymouth, N.C., in April 1864, he died in Andersonville that November. Sgt. George Marsh, 8th Connecticut, was a veteran of New Bern. He was a carpenter, constantly sent money home to his parents and in his spare time tattooed his comrades with India ink. He died on the Rohrbach farm at Antietam early in the morning of Sept. 17, 1862, while waiting to go into battle. Without warning, an incoming Confederate 12-pdr. shot plowed into the prone Yankees. It killed three men, including Marsh, who died from the concussion of the round striking the ground next to him. Both Hidden History and Crossing Antietam are insightful studies of Civil War soldiers. I recommend them to serious students of the war. Reviewer John Michael Priest retired from teaching in 2011 after serving 30.5 years. He is a guide at Antietam. He has published four Civil War books and is an avid 54mm wargamer — French and Indian War through the U. S. Civil War.

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Crossing Antietam and Hidden History are excellent companion volumes. Both cover the war on a very personal level. Crossing Antietam chronicles the war in the East from Capt. Henry Sand’s enrollment in the predominantly German 103rd New York through his death from a mortal wound at Antietam. Hidden History concentrates heavily upon the lives and deaths of specific Connecticut soldiers throughout the war with many references to Antietam. The well-educated, bilingual and affluent Sand missed very little in his astute letters home. For instance, while very ill in New Bern, N.C., he wrote to his youngest brother Max: “I am glad to hear such good accounts of the young ladies of Brooklyn. Give my love and a kiss to them all — every one of them. We have a great many pretty ladies here, but I’m afraid you would not find them handsome as they are all colored (like meerschaum pipes – from cream color to ivory black). You, I suppose, prefer white ladies — I used to myself — it’s all a matter of taste.” He left behind a less than flattering description of Col. Rush C. Hawkins, 9th New York Zouaves: “I don’t know him well enough to judge

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Civil War News

Doctor’s View As Surgeon, Inspector & Sanitary Agent Agent of Mercy: The Untold Story of Dr. Archibald S. Maxwell Civil War Surgeon & Iowa State Sanitary Agent. By George C. Maxwell. Illustrated, photos, maps, appendices, notes, bibliography, index, 193 pp., 2015, George C. Maxwell, gcmaxwell1945@gmail.com, $12.99 softcover. Medical logistics evolved during the Civil War in response to the need to manage and distribute medical supplies and allocate staff in an effective way. This subject has received little focus thus far. George Maxwell’s work goes a long way to-

ward remedying that situation. Maxwell’s work is a biographical sketch of his great-great-great grandfather’s experiences during the war. Dr. Archibald Maxwell served the Union for two years. He held the following positions: surgeon, hospital inspector, professor and State of Iowa Sanitary Agent. Maxwell’s unique and diverse assignments provide readers with insight into medical logistics through the eyes of politicians, soldiers, family members, medical professionals and relief organizations. He was a self-made man who took every opportunity provided to edu-

Charles Stone: Ball’s Bluff Scapegoat The Extraordinary Life of Charles Pomeroy Stone: Soldier, Surveyor, Pasha, Engineer. by Blaine Lamb. Notes, photos, bibliography, index, 276 pp., 2016, Westholme Publishing, www.westholmepublishing.com, $29.95.

Woe is the professional military man who gets caught in the crosshairs of vengeful, powerful politicians. That could have been the epitaph for Union Gen. Charles Pomeroy Stone who made the mistake of relying on the military skills of U.S. Senator

Edward Baker at the Battle of Ball’s Bluff, Va., on Oct. 21, 1861. Not only did Baker, a well-liked politician but incompetent colonel, lose that battle, but he also lost his life. Stone, Baker’s commanding officer, was blamed for the loss, Baker’s death, and collaborating with the Confederates. Stone was the first target of the vengeful Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, a collection of Congressmen whose main purpose seemed to be harassing the West Point-educated Democrats who made up much of the Union’s officer corps. After the Committee held a sham investigation of Ball’s Bluff, Stone was sent to prison for several months. He was not even allowed to see any formal charges filed against him. While those details of Stone’s life are the most famous covered by Blaine Lamb, the rest of his book is also rewarding. This first-ever biography of Stone is finely detailed, despite the handicap that Lamb had to piece together Stone’s life from a vast array of primary and secondary resources. Lamb found tantalizing hints that Stone kept journals detailing his career, but he could not find them in any known manuscript repository. This is Lamb’s first book and a

worthy addition to anyone’s Civil War library. Stone’s early war service was organizing Washington City’s defense, likely saving the butts of the same congressmen who would railroad him. He served as the early righthand man of Gen. Winfield Scott and later Gen. George McClellan. The latter abandoned him in the Ball’s Bluff controversy — probably because Little Mac was the next obvious target for blame. Allowed to rejoin the army after his imprisonment, Stone served well in Louisiana and on the Red River Campaign. Still, his reputation precluded him from serving a major role in the war. After the war, William T. Sherman recommended Stone for a position training the Egyptian Army, a post he held nearly 13 years. My only criticism is the lack of maps and a detailed timeline relating to Ball’s Bluff. The Confederate side of the battle was also not detailed. The addition of that material would have helped the reader better understand Stone’s defense of his actions during the battle. Reviewer Clint Johnson has written 12 Civil War and American Revolution history and historical travel books.

Every so often a book comes along that makes the past profoundly relevant to the present. Such is

the case with Antonio Elmaleh’s historical novel, The Ones They Left Behind. His book is a breath of fresh air given our current state of affairs in a deeply divided United States. Not only does his book resonate with hope and redemption, but it touches on other issues and pathos that we as a nation contend with, including the plight of being a wounded warrior. The core of the story revolves around Union veteran Harriman Hickenlooper, a soldier in the 6th Iowa Volunteer Infantry who participated in Sherman’s March to the Sea. In 1867 he sets out to retrace that route in an effort to resolve his own inner demons and rediscover that people at their deepest level are kind, compassionate and forgiving. His faith in humanity is central to the premise of the book. So certain is Hickenlooper that he will not be harmed as he makes his way across Georgia that he literally bets his farm on it. On this venture he wears his

cate himself. He also was a strong advocate for quality medical care and support for Iowa soldiers and civilians. Many biographies telling the story of an author’s genealogy get bogged down in the details of specific events and situations that serve only to promote a good image of the subject. However, George Maxwell uses a unique style to describe the events in a neutral way that is easy for readers to understand. This work consists of multiple small chapters focusing on certain periods of Maxwell’s service. This format works well by providing readers background information about the types of obstacles military and political organizations supporting Union soldiers encountered. The author did a good job describing Dr. Maxwell in the final paragraph of the epilogue: “His life story

remains an example to us of what is possible, if one dares to try.” The book is reasonably priced and easy to read. It gives excellent insight into how the medical profession operated during the Civil War and laid the foundation for modern battlefield medicine. It receives my highest recommendation for those interested in battlefield medicine and civilian relief work. Reviewer Richard J. Blumberg has a master’s degree with honors in Civil War studies. He is past president of the Houston Civil War Round Table and is a speaker for that group and the Society of Women in the Civil War. He also reviews books for the Blue and Gray Education Society.

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Recommended Novel About A Veteran The Ones They Left Behind. By Antonio Elmaleh. Historical fiction. Map, 260 pp., 2014, Antonio Elmaleh, www.antonioelmaleh.com, $22.95.

April 2016

Union uniform but does not carry a firearm, just a faded American flag. What transpires along the 245 pages of Elmaleh’s terrific prose and narrative verve is a story that will tug at the reader’s heart strings without dripping into maudlin sentimentality. While his journey seems to be absurd and utopian in concept, Hickenlooper defies all convention in this absolute page-turner. Hickenlooper’s escapade is a oneman truth-and-reconciliation commission, mostly seeking to resolve his inner turmoil, but also to make amends to others he encountered when he was in Sherman’s military juggernaut. The ever-idealistic Hickenlooper not only wants to make peace within himself, but also for the nation, which is struggling to emerge from the fratricidal carnage of the Civil War in one of the most devastated regions of the country. On his journey Hickenlooper confronts not only his demons, but all of humanity’s deepest sins: wrath, envy and deeply

Proprietors Tom & Thelma Barry rooted prejudice. All of the novel’s characters are multi-dimensional and believable. Elmaleh skillfully weaves issues of gender and race against this dark backdrop. One of the most poignant scenes is Hickenlooper’s reburial of his brother, whose remains he recovers on his journey. One of the most significant characters is not human at all, but rather a clock that serves as the metaphor for time and has a much deeper meaning in the plot’s context. So in some ways this novel is a mystery, with all the tension inherent in one, and the clock’s character pushes the novel forward in a well-paced, but frenetic manner. The bet on his farm in Centreville, Iowa, requires Harriman to complete his journey from Centreville to Savannah, Ga., and back, unharmed, in 44 days. Given the mysterious nature of aspects of the novel, readers might expect that the twists that occur along the way would be dark. But the ge-

nius of The Ones They Left Behind is they are not. Rather, they remind us of the potential for good that each person has within himself, and readers are not left feeling forlorn or depressed. While the book is readable, it is deeply contemplative without being pushy in matters of morality. The conclusion of the book is a stunner, too! This book is highly recommended on a number of levels. It is a pure joy to read. Also, anyone who has an interest in the frailty and glory of the human heart or the price everyone pays when a nation goes to war should read The Ones They Left Behind. Reviewer James A. Percoco is Teacher-in-Residence for the Civil War Trust and The Journey Through Hallowed Ground Partnership, the author of Summers With Lincoln: Looking for the Man in the Monuments, and a member of the National Teachers Hall of Fame.

Civil War News

April 2016

Gen. Martin Hardin Informative Letters By George L. Gaskell Saw America Change Lincoln’s Bold Lion: The Life and Times of Brigadier General Martin Davis Hardin. By James Huffstodt. Illustrated, photos, maps, notes, bibliography, index, 432 pp., 2015, Casemate, www.casematepublishing.com, $32.95.

Gen. Martin D. Hardin (18371923) was the son of Mexican War hero John J. Hardin, an intimate friend of Abraham and Mary Lincoln. Coming from an ancestry rich in military heroes, Martin Hardin experienced America from its era of canal boats and slavery to the times of the Gilded Age, airplanes and Prohibition. This book is both a biography of General Hardin and a window into America’s change to industrialization and modernization. During his youth Hardin explored America’s backwoods from Jacksonville, Ill., to St. Louis, Mo., and the river plantations of western Mississippi. He fished, hunted, rode canal boats, listened to slaves’ ghost stories and developed a love for adventure. These attributes would serve him well during his life as a soldier. Although Hardin was initially drawn to life as a lawyer, his mother Sarah Hardin and stepfather Chancellor Reuben Walworth of New York planned a military career for him. Appointed to West Point by President Franklin Pierce, he gradually adjusted to West Point’s military life, made many lifelong friends, graduated in 1859 and was assigned to command Fort Umpqua, Washington Territory. During the trek to his new post, he endured the rigors of frontier travel, met numerous Indian tribes, and developed a respect for Native Americans and their culture. His stay on the frontier was cut short by the opening of the Civil War as he was recalled East and attached to Battery H, 3rd U.S. Battery. Due greatly to his mother’s social connections in Washington and her friendship with the Lincolns, Har-

din’s advancement was assured. Promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1862, he was assigned command of the 12th Pennsylvania Volunteer Regiment. He bravely led his command in actions at Second Bull Run, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg and the Peninsula Campaign. Hardin was wounded four times and lost his left arm during an ambush at Catlett’s Station. After a brief recuperation, he assumed command of the Washington defenses and was largely responsible for foiling Gen. Jubal Early’s plan to capture the capital. Due to his mother’s lobbying, he was promoted to brigadier general in July 1864. He spent the remainder of the war in Washington and then commanding occupation troops in Raleigh, N.C. After the war, Hardin pursued a legal career, his first love. Joining a powerful law firm in Chicago, he became a frequent companion of fellow lawyer Robert Todd Lincoln and joined virtually all of Chicago’s elite social clubs. After the death of his first wife, he married Amelia McLaughlin, the daughter of a wealthy Chicago coffee merchant. Between his thriving law practice and the McLaughlin family wealth, the Hardins enjoyed a privileged life befitting a wealthy couple of the Gilded Age. Hardin never forgot his military friends, attended G.A.R. meetings, hosted Union and Confederate friends, and wrote extensively of his war experiences. By his death in 1923, he had witnessed America transform itself from the days of covered wagons to a world military and economic power. James Huffstodt does an excellent job portraying General Hardin’s life in the context of a changing America. Readers get to know him intimately and also how his world was changing. There are a few typographical and historical errors. For example, President Henry Harrison should be Benjamin Harrison, Mrs. Bertha Potter should be Mrs. Bertha Palmer, and the date of Hardin’s return to active duty after his amputation was 1864, not 1863. These minor errors detract very little from the valuable contribution this book makes as a definitive biography of a forgotten hero. It is highly recommended. Reviewer Wayne L. Wolf is Professor Emeritus at South Suburban College and the author of numerous books and articles on the Civil War including The Last Confederate Scout and Two Years Before the Paddlewheel. He is past president of the Lincoln-Davis Civil War Roundtable.

A Connecticut Yankee at War: The Life and Letters of George Lee Gaskell. By Robert Grandchamp. Illustrated, photos, maps, notes, bibliography, index, 200 pp., 2015, Pelican, www.pelicanpub.com, $25.95.

George Lee Gaskell is yet another of those unknown Civil War figures whose experiences are sufficiently unique that they should be made available to students of the war. Robert Grandchamp has done just that in a succinct, nicely produced volume that utilizes Gaskell’s Civil War letters, sandwiched by a well-written and informative brief biography of Gaskell’s life before and after the war. Growing up in eastern Connecticut and Rhode Island, Gaskell became a carpenter and then a clerk before enlisting on a commercial voyage as a hand on the merchant bark Ariel in 1860. Already educated in English grammar and Latin, Gaskell sailed to Zanzibar and learned Arabic, French and Swahili. When he returned to Rhode Island, war had broken out. In December 1861 Gaskell enlisted in Battery G of the 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery. Battery G served with the Army of the Potomac in the Peninsula, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg campaigns and saw action in several battles. Gaskell, however, never served in a gun crew. Instead, due to his high level of literacy, he was made the battery’s company clerk. He became immersed in record-keeping duties and gained a unique perspective. His Civil War career took a dramatic turn in December 1863 when he accepted a voluntary appointment to a newly organized unit of black troops, the 14th Rhode Island Heavy Artillery, Colored (later the 11th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery). After passing a rigorous examination, Gaskell joined his new unit, which spent the remainder of the Civil War on garrison duty in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana. Following the war, Gaskell remained in the South and married into

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a prominent Plaquemines family. He became involved in local politics, helped register freed black voters, and finally operated retail businesses in Louisiana and later in Chattanooga, Tenn. The heart of this book consists of Gaskell’s wartime letters — most written to his sister Mary and some to a local newspaper. As expected, the letters are literate and informative. The correspondence regarding Battery G’s experiences at the battles of Fair Oaks and Second Fredericksburg will be of value to students of those actions. Most of the letters written while Gaskell served in Battery G reveal details of life in a battery on campaign. In fact, given the relative dearth of original correspondence by members of Federal field artillery units, the reader may well wish that Gaskell had written more often. Gaskell’s letters from Louisiana are equally informative about a starkly different sort of war experience. Primary accounts of service as a white officer commanding black troops in newly conquered parts of the South are lacking, and Gaskell’s articulate correspondence sheds needed light on that role, as well. Grandchamp, who has written a solid history of Battery G, has done a nice job of combining Gaskell’s letters with necessary biographical details in a tightly written and well-edited book. He supplies an abundance of detailed, explanatory endnotes.

As with any such effort, there are minor criticisms. For example, the editor relies on the long-accepted strength numbers for the opposing forces in the 1862 Peninsula Campaign even though researchers such as Leon Tenney have recently shown that Confederate numbers were probably higher. Grandchamp’s compilation is a worthwhile addition to the library of anyone interested in field artillery units or the experiences of black troops and their white officers in the occupied South. Reviewer John Foskett is a practicing attorney in Boston, Mass., and has a life-long interest in the Civil War.

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Civil War News

April 2016

Wallace’s Career Through Shiloh Battle Atlanta Campaign Book Has Weak Sources & References “My Greatest Quarrel with Fortune”: Major General Lew Wallace in the West, 1861-1862. By Charles G. Beemer. Illustrated, photos, maps, notes, bibliography, index, 342 pp., 2015, Kent State, www.kentstateuniversitypress.com, $39.95.

Lew Wallace is known for different aspects of his life. The author of Ben Hur, he also served in the Union Army during the Civil War, rising to the rank of major general. During his time in uniform, he led troops at the Battle of Fort Donelson and elsewhere, served on the military commission that tried the Lincoln assassination conspirators, and led the commission that convicted Capt. Henry Wirz of conspiracy and murder.

Despite this long list of accomplishments, Wallace is primarily remembered for a single day in his military career: April 6, 1862. On that first day of the Battle of Shiloh, Wallace commanded the three-brigade 3rd Division of the Army of the Tennessee near Crump’s Landing. Ulysses S. Grant’s army was spread out over several miles while awaiting Don Carlos Buell’s army to join it for a campaign against Corinth, Miss. Grant was unprepared for a surprise Confederate attack on the Union forces. Located miles to the north, Wallace’s troops were not part of the initial battle but heard the guns in the distance. A confusing series of events began to unfold when Wallace received verbal and then written orders to march his division to support the rest of the army in its struggle to survive against the Confederate onslaught. This confusion impacted the Union army’s fighting strength that day and began a war of words that continued for decades. The major controversy is about what those orders said. As preplanned, Wallace took the inland Shunpike Road that would put him close to Shiloh Church and Sherman’s Division. But the Rebels had driven Sherman back from that area, and Wallace was exposed. So he had to retrace his steps and eventually come down the River Road. His division thus missed the first day’s fighting. Grant later stated that he had ordered Wallace to take the River

Road. His orders were first issued verbally and transcribed by an aide. This written order was never located after the battle, and the exact instructions contained in it are at the crux of the allegations against Wallace. Beemer explains that for years Wallace was blamed by many officers for the near defeat on Shiloh’s first day. If he ignored a direct order to take the River Road, criticism of him by Grant, Halleck and others would be appropriate. But it is not clear he did so. If not directly organized by Grant, the criticism was at least supported by his later writings and statements on the topic. This work covers Wallace’s early career and military service through the Battle of Shiloh. Most notable are Wallace’s actions at Fort Donelson, where his unauthorized actions helped save the day for the Union. Beemer argues that non-recognition of these actions was part of a larger conspiracy created by officers on Grant’s staff to ensure that Wallace, not Grant, was blamed for the failures on Shiloh’s first day. For readers interested in the disputes between political and “professional” generals, this book will be interesting — especially to students of Grant or Wallace. Reviewer David Sesser, a former museum curator, is Special Collections Curator and E-Resources Coordinator at the Huie Library, Henderson State University, Arkadelphia, Ark.

Atlanta 1864: Sherman Marches South. By James Donnell. Illustrated, maps, photos, bibliography, index, 96 pp., 2016, Osprey, www.ospreypublishing.com , $24 softcover.

This little work offers a very general account of the crucial 1864 military campaign in North Georgia. James Donnell has based his text overwhelmingly on the unreliable official reports and self-serving memoirs of the commanding generals

(William Tecumseh Sherman for the Union and Joseph E. Johnston and John Bell Hood for the Rebels). Donnell has made little, perhaps no, use of the major studies of the campaign that have appeared during the last four or five decades. His 15 suggestions for “Further Reading” omit all works by Russell Bonds, Albert Castel, Stephen Davis and others who have done so much to reshape our understanding of the 1864 operations in Georgia. The book will be of limited value to those who have no knowledge of the events that brought about the September 1864 Union victory that may have saved the Lincoln Administration. Both new recruits to the study of the Civil War and veteran campaigners would be wise to turn to one or more of the recent far better and much more substantive works on the campaign. Reviewer Richard M. McMurry, an independent scholar in Dalton, Georgia., is working on a study of Joseph E. Johnston’s role in the Confederate military history.

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Civil War News

April 2016

Good 179th N.Y. Full Account Of Louisiana Volunteers History Plantation & Butler Family “If I Have Got To Go and Fight, I Am Willing.”: A Union Regiment Forged in the Petersburg Campaign: The 179th New York Volunteer Infantry 1864-1865. By Edwin P. Rutan II. Illustrated, photos, maps, notes, appendices, bibliography, index, 524 pp., 2015, RTD Publications, www.179thnyvolunteers.blogspot.com, $24.95 softcover. This book tells the tale of the 179th New York Volunteer Infantry, a regiment raised in the Empire State’s southern tier during the spring and summer of 1864. In June, shortly before the Petersburg Campaign commenced, the 179th went to the front and joined the Army of the Potomac’s 9th Corps. Over the next 10 months, the regiment participated in the opening assaults against Petersburg and the Battles of the Crater, Poplar Springs Church and Fort Mahone. During this year of bloody action, it lost 72 killed and another 109 dead from disease. Like most modern regimental histories, Rutan’s book does not seek to glorify the men of the 179th but simply to “understand more deeply and more broadly the reality of the soldiers’ experience and respect what they endured.” Even though he professes no argument, Rutan develops something of a thesis. He takes pains to disprove a common theory about regiments recruited late in the war. Some historians — and Rutan singles out Bruce Catton, Ella Lonn and James McPherson — have hinted that latewar regiments were mostly filled with “bounty men,” soldiers who joined the ranks because of high enlistment bonuses, not patriotism. The theory contends that late-war regiments rarely aided the Union army in its hour of need and were weighed down by rampant skulking, desertion and antiwar activism. Rutan believes the 179th New York did not fit this mold. Although it had its share of desertions and although each soldier collected as much as $700 in bounties, the 179th fought doggedly, losing between 15 and 40 percent of its combatants in its battles. The officers and enlisted men were “no rear echelon or garrison soldiers,” Rutan writes, “This book demonstrates that the 179th New York was a ‘high number’ regiment that fought.” This is an excellent regimental history. In addition to providing the traditional play-by-play action of the 179th’s important battles and campaigns, Rutan injects social history into his narrative.

He discusses the importance of the draft, substitution, local and state bounties, desertion, religion, health, politics, the 1864 election, ties to the home front, acceptance of death, and veterans’ postwar reunions. Perhaps the most interesting chapter involves the court-martial of Pvt. Newton Spencer, a soldier from Co. F who wrote a scathing letter published in the Penn Yan Democrat blaming Maj. Gen. George G. Meade for the disaster at the Crater. Union high command charged him with disrespecting a commanding officer to discourage men from betraying their commanders to the antiwar press during an election year. Rutan’s chapter about Spencer is a skillful reminder that regimental history involves more than narrating the Union army’s well-known battles against the Confederates. In short, this book is cutting-edge. It invigorates the genre by looking at sources that go beyond the battlefield. It is not without its shortcomings, and most of these have to do with awkward text and image formatting. Rutan originally published his regimental history as an e-book, and it is evident that he and his editors made little effort to revise the manuscript when they transferred it to the printed version. Block quotations are frequent and enormous. This might suit the internet, but it tends to break up the narrative and stifle analysis in the printed version. Also, the alignment is inconsistent, and the print is terribly small. Most vexing of all, nearly all of the e-book’s maps and some of its photographs are missing from the printed copy. At various points, bracketed text indicates where these missing maps and images ought to appear. This apparently is the author’s reminder to visit the e-book to get the full experience. But for a reader who possesses only the printed copy, these insertions are simply annoying. It is fair enough to say that “If I Have Got to Go and Fight” can exist as both an e-book and a hard copy. However, in the printed format it needs to play by the rules. These reservations should not deter readers. This is a solid regimental history, one that justifiably emphasizes the important role played by those Union soldiers who were recruited during the war’s final year. Reviewer Timothy J. Orr is an assistant professor of history at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Va. For eight years, he worked as a ranger at Gettysburg National Military Park.

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The Butlers of Iberville Parish, Louisiana: Dunboyne Plantation in the 1800s. By David D. Plater. Illustrated, maps, photos, notes, bibliography, index, 332 pp., 2015, LSU, www.lsupress.org, $35.

Edward George Washington Butler (1800-1885) was the son of an army officer. His father’s friend Andrew Jackson served as the boy’s guardian after his father died. With

Jackson’s support, young Butler secured an appointment to West Point, from which he graduated in 1820. Eleven years later he resigned from the army. In 1826 Butler wed Frances Parke Lewis, a great-granddaughter of Martha Custis Washington. One of the bridesmaids was Frances’s cousin Mary Custis — later Mrs. Robert E. Lee. The Butlers moved to Louisiana to make their fortune growing sugar. For decades they struggled with the numerous problems that beset planters along the Mississippi River. By 1860 they had risen into the lower strata of the Southern aristocracy. Butler had returned to the army in the Mexican War as colonel of the 3rd United States Dragoon Regiment. In 1861 he served as a delegate to the Louisiana secession convention. Too old for Civil War service, Butler sent his two sons into the Confederate army. One received a mortal wound at Belmont, Mo., in November 1861 while major of the 11th Louisiana Infantry Regiment. The other served as a staff officer and survived the war. David Plater has given us an excellent account of the Butlers’ lives

— especially of Frances’s crucial role in managing Dunboyne Plantation during her husband’s absences. The book is recommended for those desiring to study antebellum Southern agriculture, particularly the sugar plantations. It also offers much good material on Southern family life, the effect of the Civil War on Louisiana, and the efforts of white Southerners to rebuild their lives after the war. Readers seeking accounts of Civil War military action will find almost nothing here. Some of the material on Butler’s military career, however, will be of value to those studying the United States Army’s 19th-century history. A good map or two would have enhanced the book. Judicious editing and common sense, both in short supply these days, would have greatly reduced the excessive length of many of the footnotes and made the book much more reader-friendly. Reviewer Richard M. McMurry, an independent scholar in Dalton, Ga., is working on a study of Joseph E. Johnston’s role in the Confederate military history.

War Affected Country’s Economic Development Free Labor: The Civil War and the Making of an American Working Class. By Mark A. Lause. Illustrated, photos, notes, index, 296 pp., 2015, Illinois, www.press.uillinois. edu, $95 hardcover, $28 softcover.

This book is part of the University of Illinois Press’s “The Working Class in American History” series. Mark Lause’s central theme is that the Civil War caused a reshaping of the economic, social and political structure of the United States. In 1860, U.S. wealth was based on agriculture that was supported by a society of artisans producing material goods in small quantities. By 1866, the U.S. was an industrial country supported by agriculture. Laborers in manufacturing and transportation grew more numerous than those engaged in agriculture. The author explores the relationship between labor and capital. Those interested only in the military aspects of the Civil War should read

at least the book’s first portion. The armies fighting in the fields were only as effective as the munitions the industrial laborers produced and that the transportation workers moved to the front. During the war an overlooked struggle took place on the home front as labor leaders fought with owners for increased benefits for their members. Lause notes that one of the misconceptions about the Civil War is that most industrial workers opposed the Federal government’s efforts to end slavery. Labor, some historians claim, feared that if slavery was ended African Americans would flood the labor market as cheap labor and decrease industrial workers’ pay. The New York draft riots and discontent in the Pennsylvania coal fields are used by these historians as examples of labor resistance to the war and emancipation effort. In rebuttal, Lause points out that a substantial portion of the men fighting for the Federal cause were industrial workers and the troops used to crush the New York draft riot included labor union members. The book’s heart and soul is concerned with the idea of free labor: the right of laborers to collectively negotiate with their employers concerning wages, benefits and safety issues. Lause contends that the leaders of the free labor movement saw slavery as an impediment to developing a free labor movement and thus opposed slavery. The U.S. free labor movement had started before the Civil War when industrial workers began to strike, with various degrees of success, for higher wages and improved living conditions. The free labor concept was not

confined just to the North. Southern industrial workers saw their livelihoods threatened by the employment of slaves in both skilled and unskilled industrial occupations. The author’s discussion of free labor also includes female and African-American workers. The core of the book examines labor unions’ development from the 1850s to 1877. During this period, free labor made some gains but also suffered severe setbacks in winning pay hikes, job security and fringe benefits. As a result, some union leaders became socially and politically radicalized. Both home-grown and imported ideas concerning a revamping of American society and government began to be espoused by union leaders as they sought to win concessions from transportation and industrial leaders. The year 1877, says Lause, marked a low point in the free labor movement in the United States. During that year the federal government ended its Reconstruction policy in the South and used Federal troops to break up industrial and transportation strike efforts. This book is well worth reading to understand the United States’ economic development. The Civil War, like World War II, reshaped labor/ capital relations. My only complaint is the small size of the print; I had to stop after every 20 pages to rest my eyes. Reviewer Charles H. Bogart has a B.A. in history from Thomas More College and an MA in urban planning from Ohio State University. He is the historian for Frankfort, Kentucky’s Fort Boone Civil War Battle Site.

Civil War News

April 2016

U.S. Army Col. Henry M. Lazelle Winfield Scott’s Policy Had A Varied & Colorful Career On Regular Army Use Against the Grain: Colonel Henry M. Lazelle and the U.S. Army. By James Carson. Illustrated, photos, maps, notes, bibliography, index, 428 pp., 2015, North Texas, www.untpress.unt.edu, $32.95.

Henry M. Lazelle is another interesting figure from the Civil War era whose relative anonymity is difficult to explain. In this biography Lazelle’s great-grandson James Carson relates his story and sheds light on a number of areas that generally escape attention. Lazelle’s career reads like a movie script. He graduated in 1855 from West Point, where he roomed with the later renowned painter James McNeill Whistler. He served as a lieutenant at Fort Bliss in western Texas, where he fought Apaches. In 1861 he and his command were surrendered to the authorities of a seceded Texas by their treasonous commander David Twiggs. Lazelle was held until exchanged and paroled in July 1862. Then he was appointed Assistant Commissary General of Prisoners of War, a post considered to be consistent with his parole. In October 1863, Lazelle was ap-

pointed colonel of the newly raised 16th New York Cavalry. He spent a year leading that unit in a largely futile conflict with John Mosby’s rangers in northern Virginia. After performing other functions, he was assigned to Reconstruction duty in North and South Carolina before being sent back out West on various posts in connection with the “Indian Wars.” He returned to West Point as Commandant of Cadets, was re-assigned to Western posts, and was sent to India as an observer of British military exercises related to the Empire’s difficulties with Afghanistan. He returned to Washington to assume supervision of the compilation of the Official Records and ended his military career as commander of Fort Clark, Texas. Lazelle was a bright but contentious character, and dispute seemed to be his constant companion. Two incidents were significant. While Commandant of Cadets at West Point he became embroiled in the sharp controversy involving the alleged harassment and bullying of one of the few black cadets, Johnson Chestnut Whittaker. Lazelle, whose racist views are discussed frankly by Carson, and West Point’s Superintendent, John M. Schofield, drew a line in Whittaker’s court-martial that left intact an ongoing “tradition” of cadet hazing that was particularly egregious in the cases of the socially isolated black cadets. When Schofield was replaced by Lazelle’s classmate Oliver O. Howard, who was far more sympathetic to blacks and who had a more jaundiced view of West Point’s traditions, he and Lazelle inevitably clashed. Howard had Lazelle relieved but also was relieved himself by commanding general William T. Sherman. The other notable dispute involv-

ing Lazelle erupted in connection with his supervising the continued compilation of the Official Records. On Lazelle’s watch, a roster of loyal members of the otherwise mutinous 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry who fought at the Battle of Stones River was included. Apparently, however, the list originated from a newspaper story, which ignited a political battle over how the ORs were being compiled. While Lazelle prevailed on the issue and secured more congressional funding for the project, he ultimately was replaced. This book provides illuminating insights on a number of interesting Civil War-era military issues: soldier and family life at isolated frontier forts, arcane and contrived rules of prisoner exchange and parole, frustrations of small unit commanders confronting Mosby’s “guerilla” activities, cadet life at West Point, the politicized process of assembling the Official Records, and Army politics and bureaucracy. The text is well-written if somewhat dry, and the author presents a balanced study of Lazelle despite his familial connection. Extensive use has been made of primary sources, and there are several interesting period photographs, especially of Lazelle’s various frontier posts. There are only four maps, but they adequately show the locations of Lazelle’s assignments and activities. Although Lazelle’s Civil War experiences were somewhat truncated, Civil War students will find this book of substantial value for its revealing view of Army life before, during and after the war. It is recommended. Reviewer John Foskett is a practicing attorney in Boston, Mass., and has a life-long interest in the Civil War.

Scott’s Memoirs Is Good Military History Memoirs of Lieut.-General Winfield Scott. Edited by Timothy D. Johnson and Michael Gray. Notes, bibliography, index, 414 pp., 2015, Tennessee, www.utpress.org, $59.95.

Winfield Scott is often regarded as the greatest American soldier to serve between the eras of George Washington and Robert E. Lee. Born in 1786 (“a year older than the Constitution” he is reported once to have said), Scott entered the army in 1808.

He served for the next 53 years and for much of that period was America’s leading military figure. Scott fought in the War of 1812, receiving promotion to brigadier general in 1814. In 1841 he became a major general and commanding general of the army — a post he held until November 1861. His 1847 campaign capturing Mexico City is one of the outstanding feats of American military history. In 1861 Scott proposed to President Abraham Lincoln that the best strategy to defeat the Confederacy was to blockade the Rebel coast and establish national control of the Mississippi River. The administration rejected the plan and launched a series of bloody and unsuccessful efforts to end the war by capturing the Confederate capital of Richmond. In the long run, however, Union forces managed to win the war by implementing, if unintentionally, a modified or expanded version of Scott’s basic plan. By that time, Scott had retired to West Point, New York. He then wrote his Memoirs, which were published in 1864. The old soldier died two years later. The Memoirs cover, but only superficially, the first months of the

Civil War. Scott’s earlier chapters, however, contain much information on the antebellum army that will interest anyone studying American military history. That army, after all, shaped many of the Civil War’s officers. Scott’s observations on individuals he knew — and often feuded with — will also spark interest. He skewered Gen. John P. Boyd as “courteous, amiable ... but vacillating and imbecile, beyond all endurance.” He described President James K. Polk as someone “whose little strength lay in the most odious elements of the human character. ... a man of meaner presence is not often seen.” Zachary Taylor, he said, was “slow of thought. ... quite ignorant … and quite bigoted.” Finally, Jefferson Davis was “profoundly ignorant of law. ... [a] deadly enemy.” Timothy Johnson and Michael Gray have done a fine job editing this work. The addition of maps would have made it much more useful. Reviewer Richard M. McMurry, an independent scholar in Dalton, Ga., is working on a study of Joseph E. Johnston’s role in the Confederate military history.

Winfield Scott’s Vision for the Army: Mobilizing the North to Preserve the Union. By Mark C. Vlahos. Illustrated, photos, maps, tables, bibliography, notes, 210 pp., 2015, LuLu Publishing, www.lulu. com, $19.51 softcover.

By 1861, Winfield Scott had served in the army for over five decades — including commands in the War of 1812 and the Mexican War. In addition, he had a profound effect on the strategic concept adopted by Union forces during the Civil War. The so-called Anaconda or Snake Plan realistically envisioned a protracted war of four or more years and proposed an army of 25,000 regulars and 60,000 volunteers. Mark Vlahos suggests that “Scott’s decision to keep Regular units intact” rather than scatter the regulars as a training cadre “would have a lasting impact on mobilization.” Influences on Scott’s thinking and alternatives to his use of Regular infantry are the focus of this book. The author traces the evolution of military mobilization from the Revolutionary War to 1865. He defines the role of the militia system and the part played by Regular infantry units in the Eastern and Western Theaters of the Civil War. Eventually, Vlahos reasons, “Scott’s decision to keep the Regular infantry intact deprived the mobilized Army of maximum use of a small reservoir of military leadership and expertise contained in the standing army.” He derives this judgment from some of the early war writings of George B. McClellan, the brief reflections on the use of the Regulars in the postwar memoirs of John Schofield and Ulysses S. Grant, and Fred Shannon’s two volume study, The Organization and Administration of the Union Army 1861-1865 (1928). Instead of the Regular infantry being used on the battlefield, as an intact unit, Vlahos contends it should have been broken up and used as a “training cadre.” These writings noted above are the only sources cited by the author to support his thesis. Also, Vlahos notes, “…there is not one book out addressing mobilization and Army expansion for the Civil War…” However, he fails to cite Marcus Cunliffe’s classic study of army organization, Soldiers & Civilians: The Martial Spirit in America, 1775-1865 or any of the three studies on the draft and mobilization of Union armies. Cunliffe credits the militia system as an integral part of the American

military tradition, while Vlahos gives no credibility to the part played by the militia during the Civil War. He dismisses it: “The Militia system as organized could not provide a reservoir of military manpower.” The author appears unaware of the important role played by the New York State Militia (NYSM) (New York State National Guard (NYSNG) after 1862). When war began in 1861, the NYSM exceeded the size of the Regular Army by over 3,000. Early in the war at least four NYSM regiments were federalized for the duration of the war. The 9th NYSM, 14th Brooklyn, 20th NYSM and the 69th NYSM all served with distinguished records. On four occasions there were additional musters of NYSNG units into Federal service for 90 days each: 1861 (7,334 men), 1862 (8,588), 1863 (13,971), and 1864-65 (5,000+). Finally, over 600 former members of the famed 7th NYSM served in the volunteer armies, while 345 were commissioned officers serving as a “training cadre” for volunteer units. Winfield Scott deserves kudos for his vision for the Union army. As Vlahos observes, “Nobody contributed more to establishing the army.” Scott’s maintaining the Regular infantry as a unit was based on his brilliant use of Regulars as intact units at Chippewa and Lundy’s Lane in 1814. Scott realized the necessity of utilizing the Regular infantry as an intact force functioning as a model for the volunteer units. This book is a brief and informative history of the Union army’s organization and mobilization from 1861 to 1865. More than 20 charts and tables complement the text along with numerous illustrations. Although the author suggests alternatives to Scott’s decision to keep the Regular infantry units intact, the use of the Regulars did work even with an imperfect militia system. This success is demonstrated by recently published works on the use of Regular infantry in the Civil War as a cohesive fighting unit: Timothy Reese’s Sykes’ Regular Infantry Division, 1861-1865 (1990); Mark Johnson’s That Body of Brave Men: The U.S. Regulars And the Civil War in the West (2003); and the exceptional tome, On Duty Well and Faithfully Done: A History of the Regular Army in the Civil War (2013) by Clayton Newell and Charles Shrader. However, there are a few issues. The book lacks an index. There is too much reliance on Wikipedia as a source. Several sources used are dated — Robert Henry’s The Story of the Mexican War and Carl Sandburg’s Abraham Lincoln: The War Years are examples. Vlahos’s monograph is, however, an informative and fascinating study of the mobilization of the Union army during the Civil War period. Reviewer Michael T. Russert, a member of the North Shore Round Table of Long Island and the Company of Military Historians, has a MALS plus 60 hours in American Studies.

Civil War News

April 2016

Steve Davis’ Critic’s Corner Editor’s note: With this column we launch a new feature, “Critic’s Corner,” contributed by Stephen Davis of Atlanta. In each column Steve will select a “golden oldie” of the Civil War bookshelf – one well-known work which happens to be one of his personal favorites. “Favorite books” is a topic which always elicits different opinions. Steve welcomes comments and, yes, criticism. Please email Steve at steveatl1861@yahoo.com.

Unapologetic Confederate Some years ago I gave a talk in St. Louis entitled, “From Cooke’s Books to Krick’s Licks: A Century of Reading on the Army of Northern Virginia.” Bob Krick loved the title (he was in the audience), but it also suggests my choice here, John Esten Cooke’s Wearing of the Gray (1867) as pictured below.

Is Cooke’s Wearing a memoir, a history, or a romantic novel? Well,

it’s a little of each. It’s also one of the most elegant books written by a Confederate about the war. Cooke was the consummate Virginian. Born at Winchester in 1830, he was nine when his father, a lawyer, moved his large family to Richmond. There John Esten (pron. EEstin) received good early schooling, but his father’s limited finances kept him from entering the University. He read law under his father’s tutelage, and in 1851 joined the practice of “John R. Cooke & Jno. Esten Cooke.” The younger Cooke’s real interest, however, was writing, in which he showed early talent. He published his first poem at eighteen. A novel about French chivalry, written in 1847, was later serialized in the Southern Literary Messenger, Richmond’s esteemed magazine. Publication of other novels by Harper & Brothers in New York, largely historical romances set in Virginia, allowed Cooke to give up law practice for literature. By the time of the war, he enjoyed prestige as one of the South’s leading writers. Cooke had joined the Richmond Howitzers even before John Brown’s raid. After Sumter he became sergeant in the Howitzers, and commanded a gun at Manassas. Promoted to captain, he joined the staff of Jeb Stuart, to whom he was related by marriage. Service in Lee’s army gave Cooke the war experiences he began to soon write about. In early 1863 a series of articles, entitled “Outlines from the Outpost,” began appearing in Richmond’s Southern Illustrated News. One of these, “Stonewall Jackson, and the Old Stonewall Brigade,” demonstrates Cooke’s qualities as Southern author.

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• He admired Jackson. Stonewall was “the military leader of masterly genius.” • Confederates were superheroes. “They marched, and fought, and triumphed, like war machines, which felt no need of rest, or food, or sleep.” • Yankees were incompetent on the battlefield, especially against Stonewall. They brought into battle their best troops, “only to have them put to rout. They advanced with the most magnificent trains of supplies, only to have them captured. They brought to the contest new uniforms – only to have them covered with the mud and opprobrium of defeat and disaster.” • The Confederate cause was noble. “The flag of the Republic must be borne aloft in triumph tho’ the dearest and most precious blood of the Southern land be poured forth like water.” You get the idea. Cooke was an unapologetic Confederate, serving to the very end (and never wounded). After General Stuart’s death at Yellow Tavern, he was assigned to Brig. Gen. William N. Pendleton’s staff as inspector-general of horse artillery He surrendered in this capacity at Appomattox. He buried his silver spurs there rather than give them over to the Yankees. Penniless at the end of the war, Cooke had to resume writing quickly. That meant for New York publishers, which in turn meant that he had to soften his tone when he wrote about his former enemies. He compiled his “Outlines” articles, plus others he had written, added in more, and thus developed Wearing of the Gray: Being Personal Portraits, Scenes & Adventures of the War, which was published by E. B. Treat of New York in 1867. The book carries 47 articles under such headings as “Personal Portraits.” Staff service in Lee’s army had allowed Cooke to meet lots of leading officers, and he described

them all as chivalrous, brave and noble. His compliments could be repetitious, but they were sincere. He admired Jeb Stuart the most, and dedicated Wearing to Stuart’s memory. Describing Stuart’s “boyish gaiety,” he recounted how Jeb loved to laugh, joke and sing. Douglas Southall Freeman once wrote, “Cooke ‘caught’ Stuart precisely….Nothing that has been written since Cooke’s day has changed a line in the laughing face of Stuart.” Cooke wrote of others just as touchingly. In Wearing he ends his sketch of John Mosby by recounting a scene he must have witnessed: Mosby alone, standing at Stuart’s grave in Hollywood Cemetery, breaking down in tears. A section called “In the Cavalry” allows Cooke to write a lot about Stuart, but also “Jackson’s DeathWound” – Cooke was one of the first Southern writers to recount the fatal incident at Chancellorsville. The section called “Outlines from the Outpost” reprints most of his Southern Illustrated News columns, but some of them didn’t make the cut for the New York publisher. One wartime article deriding Yankee generals (Nathaniel Banks as “a shoemaker, I believe, from Massachusetts”) was excluded from Wearing. Cooke was ever the novelist, and even some of his reminiscences in Wearing have tinges of fiction. For one he even brought in a Colonel Surry and May Beverly, characters in one of his antebellum Virginia romances. We may excuse this: if it’s not straight history, it’s still in the spirit of fun. The grind of war and the South’s course to defeat necessarily hardened Cooke, as one sees in his “Latter Days” section. “The war grows tedious,” he wrote in “On the Road to Petersburg.” At Appomattox Cooke saw an army which had been overwhelmed by enemy numbers, worn out by starvation and exhaustion. But he could still see heroism and gallantry. “The South is prouder of Lee to-day,” he wrote

in June 1865, “and loves him more, than in his most splendid hours of victory.” One of the reasons I enjoy rereading Wearing of the Gray is its timelessness. We live in a politically correct world today, in which relics of the Southern War for Independence are being taken down, moved away and packed into closets. For me, John Esten Cooke’s writing, with its unabashed Confederatism, is a welcome antidote. Stephen Davis is a longtime Civil Warrior and avid book collector. His two paperbacks on the Atlanta Campaign, A Long and Bloody Task and All the Fighting They Want, will be published this summer as part of Savas Beatie’s Emerging Civil War Series.

Wearing Of The Gray reprint.

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Speakers and Tour Guides will include: Keith Bohannon Willie Ray “Swampy” Johnson Eric Campbell Richard McMurry Charlie Crawford Jim Ogden Steve Davis Lt. Col. Ralph Peters Todd Groce James I. “Bud” Robertson, Jr.

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Civil War News

April 2016

Troops Carried Out Book Features Period, Modern Massacre In Missouri Photos From 4 American Wars Blood in the Ozarks: Union War Crimes Against Southern Sympathizers and Civilians in Occupied Missouri. By Clint Lacy. Illustrated, photos, maps, 163 pp., 2015, Poisoned Pen Publishing, mobushwhacker@gmail.com, $17 softcover. This short book is the latest sal-

vo in an apparent long-running feud between the author and two other amateur historians of the Civil War in Missouri. The bone of contention between them relates to a wartime Union cavalry raid on the Pulliam family farm nestled in the Ozark foothills of southeastern Missouri. Both sides acknowledge that two companies of Union militia cavalry commanded by Maj. James Wilson charged into a Confederate militia cavalry encampment on the Pulliam farm on Christmas Day 1863, killing at least 30 Rebel troopers while freeing about 100 Union POWs held there. Clint Lacy contends that, during the raid, Wilson’s men also indiscriminately murdered about 60 civilians who had gathered for a Christmas dinner and religious service. Calling the raid the “Wilson Massacre,” the author counts women and small children among the dead. Lacy’s two detractors deny the

Wilson Massacre. They argue, in several publications cited in the book, that only Confederate troops were killed by Major Wilson’s command. Blood in the Ozarks is Lacy’s attempt to prove the historical reality of the Wilson Massacre. Much of Lacy’s evidence is circumstantial. The most convincing evidence that he marshals involves an unpublished Civil War memoir dictated in 1918 that specifically mentions that “[s] oldiers, their families, nearby families” were “[a]ll killed” in Wilson’s raid. Readers can make up their own minds as to whether or not Lacy has carried the burden of proof for the reality of the Wilson Massacre. This lawyer views Lacy’s evidence of the massacre as falling short of proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Nonetheless, I think that Lacy makes a very believable case for the massacre. Lacy’s prose is only so-so. Lengthy and frequent quotations also interrupt the flow of the author’s narrative and sometimes make it difficult to follow. The few photos and illustrations in the book generally complement the narrative. The book contains no bibliography, but the footnotes attest to Lacy’s combing of period Missouri newspapers and other source materials. The footnotes are grouped at the end of each of the nine chapters, an improvement upon bunching them up at the end of the text. Despite its narrow focus, I recommend Blood in the Ozarks to readers interested in the Civil War in Missouri or the war’s impact on the civilian population of that state. Reviewer C. Michael Harrington is a member of the Houston Civil War Round Table and Civil War Aficionados. He has written several articles on South Carolina Confederates. A practicing lawyer, he has degrees in economics from Yale and Cambridge and a law degree from Harvard.

Ghosts: Images of War. By Carrie Zeidman. Photos, 72 pp., 2015, Swiss Creek Publications, www. swisscreek.com, $40 softcover.

This book is not about “ghosts” in the literal sense. Readers will find no pictures of phantoms, images interspersed with trees, or misty floating orbs. Instead, a journey is taken through four hallowed grounds to explore and tie the past with the present. Photos from the Revolutionary War, Civil War, World War I and World War II are combined with pictures of modern visitors or period photos to create chilling images at historical locations. Time stands still

as readers study these photos that create a “You Are There” effect. Readers are placed at the scene of horrific battles such as Gettysburg, Flanders, Monmouth, Antietam, Normandy and Pearl Harbor; cemeteries at Monmouth and Normandy; and the Nazi death camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau. I found the picture of the Children’s Memorial in the Jewish cemetery in Warsaw the most emotional. Standing in front of this memorial was a period photo of children on their way to one of the death camps. Interspersed with them is a modern image of a man staring at the monument. Another creative photo is from Appomattox Court House. A period image is combined with one of a modern visitor. This photo and dozens more can be viewed over and over as doorways to the past brought to life in the present. This work is sure to generate discussions and provide memories of times that should never be forgotten. It is an antidote to George Santayana’s warning that “Those who do not

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learn history are doomed to repeat it.” An “extras” section includes six of the author’s favorite photos. The first is the “Iron Mike” statue at Normandy, a tribute to the 82d and 101st Airborne. The second is a monument to the French Battle of the Marne. The third is of a stunning sunset at Valley Forge. The fourth photo is a view of Honolulu from Diamond Head. The fifth shows twilight on the James River near the Belle Isle Civil War prison. The last photo reminds us of the dedication and sacrifice of the American soldiers who lie at rest in the American Cemetery at Normandy. Lest we forget. This work is an excellent photo archive of our historical past intertwined with modern photographic images to create long-lasting memories. Highly recommended.

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Civil War News

April 2016

Novel Follows 2 Men’s Lives From 1858-1868 Henceforth the Bad Angel. By Philip Brewster. Novel. 376 pp., 2015, Philip Brewster, http://badangelbook.com, $15.99 softcover.

Novels about the Civil War in the Trans-Mississippi Theater are relatively rare. Works such as Paulette Jiles’s Enemy Women and Daniel Woodrell and Ron Rash’s Woe to Live On have attempted to tell the complex story of the war in Missouri. Philip Brewster’s new novel follows two young men, one white and one African American, through three turbulent events in Kansas history in 1858, 1863 and 1868. Brewster’s novel begins with the emigration of Michael Craddock and his family from Ohio to Kansas Territory in 1857. While traveling through Missouri, they meet a slave boy named Gabriel, and a friendship develops between Gabriel and young Michael. In 1858 the boys witness the infamous massacre of Free State men at the Marais des Cygnes and then meet abolitionist John Brown. They also encounter Abraham Lincoln when the presidential aspirant makes

a brief visit to Kansas in 1859. Once the Civil War begins, the narrative moves forward quickly to August 1863 and William Clarke Quantrill’s devastating raid on Lawrence, Kan. The young men witness the attack, Michael as a civilian and Gabriel as a recruit in the recently authorized 2nd Kansas Colored Infantry regiment. In 1864, after Gabriel participates in Gen. Frederick Steele‘s Camden Expedition, he joins Michael as a courier for the Kansas militia during Sterling Price’s raid through Missouri and Kansas. They witness the fighting between the Kansas militia and Price’s men at the Mockbee farm and the Union charge against the retreating Confederates at Mine Creek. With the war over, Gabriel joins the 10th U.S. Cavalry while buffalo hunter Michael joins Maj. George A. Forsyth’s Scouts and survives the brutal 1868 battle between the scouts and the Plains Indians at Beecher Island. The narrative concludes with Michael’s visit to Nicodemus, Kansas, for Gabriel’s funeral. Brewster has penned an engaging narrative with fully developed characters and vivid, detailed descriptions of the major events. Although a few minor errors have crept into the narrative, it appears that Brewster consulted some of the standard works on the territorial, Civil War and Indian War periods in Kansas history. Those who prefer works of fiction and desire to learn more about some of the most significant events in the “Sunflower State,” all at a very reasonable price, will find Henceforth the Bad Angel quite enjoyable. Reviewer Jeff Patrick is an interpretive specialist with the National Park Service at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield in Republic, Mo. He holds B.A. and M.A. degrees in American history from Purdue University.

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Youth Novel Follows A Boy Transported To Civil War Will’s War: A Boy Travels Through Time to the Civil War. By Lynn Lowin. Juvenile novel. 474 pp., 2015, Lynn Lowin, lynnlowinwrites@gmail.com., $16.95 softcover.

This account uses William Bradford, a 13-year-old boy from Litchfield, Conn., as a time traveler. Will’s interest in the Civil War begins as he is reading a book by Bruce Catton, and he is mysteriously transported back to 1861.

Throughout the book, Will travels between contemporary Litchfield and the wartime Virginia Shenandoah Valley. He witnesses the battles of First Manassas, Port Royal, New Market and Gettysburg, as well as the surrender at Appomattox Court House. But he is more than a passive bystander. He fights with the Virginia Military Institute cadets at New Market, participates in partisan guerilla raids, and is a medic at Gettysburg. In his final travel episode, Will witnesses Gen. Robert E. Lee’s surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia and is reunited with soldiers and civilians he has interacted with over the past four years. Back in Litchfield, he learns that his great-great-grandfather fought in the war. His estranged father gives him letters from his ancestor that propel him to seek information about his ancestor and his wartime role. Will’s story reflects the tragedy and loss of war. He experiences the sorrow of friends’ deaths, hardships imposed on ordinary families and suffering of the wounded. He concludes that the war his ancestor fought represented the inhumanity of man to man. War was truly hell with its horrors of amputated limb piles, starving soldiers and civilians, and mangled bodies. Will thus becomes like all

participants in war: he longs for peace, a return home and an end to the needless slaughter. Lynn Lowin’s use of time travel provides the medium by which she combines accurate historical data with a story constructed to relate to young 21st-century readers. The book allows today’s youth to learn the basic events and tribulations of the Civil War from a person their own age who also deals with contemporary issues of divorce, work, dating and sibling bickering. Additional themes of forgiveness, strength in adversity, and the importance of family are incorporated as lessons for maturing adolescents. Will’s War is thus not aimed at the Civil War historian but provides an excellent format for the war’s basic history in a context very readable and relevant to young readers. For this purpose, it is highly recommended. Reviewer Wayne L. Wolf is Professor Emeritus at South Suburban College and the author of numerous books and articles on the Civil War including The Last Confederate Scout and Two Years Before the Paddlewheel. He is past president of the Lincoln-Davis Civil War Roundtable.

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Civil War News

April 2016

– Civil War Events Through June – Exhibits Through April, New York. Appomattox

“Appomattox” exhibit at West Point Museum with artifacts from significant participants in the April 1865 surrender and related items. Open free daily 10:30-4:15 except Thanksgiving, Christmas, New Year’s. For information, 845-938-3590 or visit on Facebook.

Through April, Tennessee. Blacks & Civil War

“Gateway to Freedom” at Chattanooga African American Museum located at the Bessie Smith Cultural Center. Focus on African American involvement in the Civil War, including United States Colored Troops stationed in Chattanooga & lasting legacy after war. Co-sponsored by Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park & Mary Walker Historical and Education Foundation. For information, 423-266-8658.

To May 1, Pennsylvania. 1865

of Mosby’s death. May 22 panel discussion, 1:30 p.m. For information, 703368-1873; www.manassasmuseum.org

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To Nov. 1, Wisconsin. Iron Brigade.

CIVIL WAR

“Faces of the Iron Brigade – A Social Network of Soldiers” exhibit at the Civil War Museum Kenosha. Words, images, equipment of the Iron Brigade. For information, 262-653-4141; www.TheCivilWarMuseum.org

Through 2016, Pennsylvania. Vice & Virture

“Tell Mother I’ve Been Good: Vice & Virtue in the Civil War” exhibit at National Civil War Museum, Harrisburg. Stories, images, artifacts about moral challenges faced by servicemen. Info: www.nationalcivilwarmuseum.org

“Wounds Healed, Wounds Inflicted: Post-Civil War Virginia” exhibit guest curated by John Hennessy at Manassas Museum in Manassas. From postwar-1902. For information, 703-368-1873; www.manassasmuseum.org

To May 30, New York. Künstler Exhibit

“Mort Künstler: The Art of Adventure: exhibit at Long Island Museum, Stony Brook. Civil War, other works from artist’s 60-year career. Open Thursday-Saturday, 10-5, Sunday, 12-5 p.m. For information, 631-751-0066.

Through May, Pennsylvania. Robert Smalls

“The Life and Times of Congressman Robert Smalls” traveling exhibit with artifacts, images, documents about the former slave and Civil War ship pilot at National Civil War Museum, Harrisburg. Opening reception June 19, free showing June 20. For information, 717-260-1861; www. nationalcivilwarmusuem.org

To June 1, North Carolina. CSS Neuse

“Treasures from the Vault” at CSS Neuse Civil War Interpretive Center, Kinston. Items not previously shown and recent donations. For information, 252-526-9600, cssneuse@ncdcr.gov; www.nchistoricsites.org/neuse

June 3-Aug. 28, Virginia. John S. Mosby

“John Singleton Mosby: Lawyer, Soldier, Statesman,” guest curated by David Goetz at Manassas Museum in Manassas. Honoring 100th anniversary

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Through 2016, Virginia. Union Aid Groups

“Union Aid Organizations during the Petersburg Campaign” at Grant’s Headquarters at City Point in Hopewell. Photos, original and reproduction artifacts, documents highlighting U.S. Sanitary Commission & Christian Commission, Northern state relief agents’ work during May 1864-spring 1865 Petersburg Campaign. For information, www.nps.gov/pete

“1865: The End of the Civil War & Lincoln Assassination” exhibit at Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia. Focus on notable 1865 participants at Laurel Hill. To October 2017, District of Columbia. Immigration Opening reception, walking tour, May 17, 1 p.m. with Andy Waskie & Russ “American by Belief” special exhibit at President Lincoln’s Cottage on LinDodge. Free by registration, 215-228-8200, tours@thelaurelhillcemetery.org coln’s little known immigration policies. Info: www.lincolncottage.org

May 6-Aug. 28, Virginia. Postwar Virginia

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Civil War News

April 2016

Events April 1-2, Indiana. Show

6th Annual Crossroads of America Civil War & Political Show at Beech Grove High School, Beech Grove, Friday 4-8, Saturday 9-4. $3 admission for both days over age 13. All proceeds benefit Beech Grove High School Incentive Fund. For information, Harvey W. Warrner, 317-784-2617; www. ironbrigaderelics.com

April 6-9, Georgia. Conference

“Atlanta, the Shenandoah, and the Turn to Total War,” Shenandoah Valley Battlefields Foundation National Conference in Atlanta. Tours, programs, receptions, special events, speakers Dr. James. I. “Bud” Robertson, Charlie Crawford, Richard McMurry, Jeffry D. Wert, Brian Steel Wills. For information, registration, 540-740-4545; www.shenandoahatwar.org

April 7-10, Pennsylvania. Symposium

Annual Civil War Trust Park Day for volunteers to help clean and restore parks across the country. All ages, abilities & new sites welcome. For information, www.civilwar.org

“Ed Bearss Symposium: Military Leadership & Combat” Chambersburg Civil War Seminars & Tours, Chambersburg. Speakers & guides include Bearss, Lt. Col. Ralph Peters, Tom Clemens, Dana Shoaf, Steve Bockmiller. Tours of Gettysburg Day 2 & Brandywine Battlefield. For information, www. CivilWarSeminars.org

April 2, North Carolina. Living History

April 8-10, Connecticut. Book Institute

April 2, National. Park Day

Civilian’s Role in the Civil War and Social Norms at CSS Neuse Civil War Interpretive Center, Kinston, 10-4. Includes period social norms & etiquette. Info: 252-526-9600, cssneuse@ncdcr.gov; www.nchistoricsites.org/neuse

April 2, Pennsylvania. Preservation Ball

12th Annual Civil War Preservation Ball in rotunda, Pennsylvania Capitol Building, Harrisburg, 7-10. Music by Philadelphia Brigade Band, dance instruction by Victorian Dance Ensemble. $35 single, $65 couple. Tickets limited, no sales at the door. Free dance classes offered Jan. 10, Feb. 7. For information, 717-732-5330, PreservationBall@CivilWarDance.org; www. CivilWarDance.org

April 2, Virginia. Real-Time Tour

Petersburg Breakthrough 151st anniversary real-time walking tour at Pamplin Park, Petersburg, 5 a.m. Covers the decisive engagement that ended the Petersburg Campaign and led to Army of Northern Virginia surrender. Reservations required. Info: 804-861-2408; www.pamplinpark.org/events

April 2, Virginia. Hill Ceremony

151st anniversary of death of Lt. Gen. A.P. Hill memorial ceremony at the deathsite across from Pamplin Park entrance, Petersburg, 12 p.m. with Patrick Falci & friends. For information, 718-525-3446

April 2-3, Missouri. Battle for the Veterans

The Turner Brigade Warrensburg Reenactment. MCWRA Maximum. The 10th Missouri Artillery Reenactors of the Missouri Civil War Reenactors’ Association (MCWRA) are proud to host the 1st Annual Battle for the Veterans. The event will consist of a battle on Saturday, a Saturday evening dance, and women’s fashion show and second general battle on Sunday. For information, 641-895-3007, oxnbibs@gmail.com or find the event on Facebook or http://www.mcwra.org/events.html

April 3, Maryland. Guided Tour of the Historic Tudor Hall

Tour the grounds and first floor of historic Tudor Hall, home of Maryland’s famous family of Shakespearian actors including Edwin Booth and John Wilkes Booth. Tour starts at 1 pm and lasts about 45 minutes. Located at 17 Tudor Lane, Bel Air, MD 21015. $5.00 cash for those age 13 and older. For information, 443-619-0008, SpiritsOfTudorHall@gmail.com; http://spiritsoftudorhall.blogspot.com

April 3, Maryland. Rosalie Booth: The Eldest Sister of John Wilkes Booth

Presented by Dave Taylor, who is the creator and administrator of the popular Boothiebarn.com. He is also an avid Lincoln Assassination and Booth researcher, writer and speaker. Talk starts at 2 pm and lasts about 45 minutes. Located at 17 Tudor Lane, Bel Air, MD 21015. $5.00 cash for those age 13 and older. For information, 443-619-0008, SpiritsOfTudorHall@gmail.com; http://spiritsoftudorhall.blogspot.com

New England Great Books Spring Institute “Making Sense of the Civil War” at Wisdom House, Litchfield. $360 registration includes room, meals, 4 discussion books. For information, http://greatbooksdiscussionprograms.org/ negbspringretreat

April 8-10, North Carolina. Symposium

19th Annual Salisbury Confederate Prison Symposium in Salisbury. Friday Banquet, lecture, music, door prizes. Saturday lectures, displays, books. Sunday 10 a.m. Memorial Service at Salisbury National Cemetery & 11 a.m. service at the Old Lutheran Cemetery. Tour of Prison site. Registration $65 by March 18, $75 after. Sponsored by Robert F. Hoke Chapter 78, UDC. For information, 704-637-6411, southpaws@fibrant.com. checks to Hoke Chapter, P.O. Box 83, Salisbury, NC 28145-0083

April 8-10, Virginia. Seminar

“The Aftermath of War” Civil War Seminar hosted by Liberty University Department of History, Lynchburg. For information, www.liberty.edu

April 9, Virginia. Herbs, Amputations, and Disease: How the Civil War Changed Medicine.

11 a.m. – 4 p.m.; $5 per person, children six and under are free. Medicine before the Civil War was vastly different than the medicine that we are used to today. Learn about who practiced medicine and what types of medicines and cures were commonly used during the nineteenth century. Learn about how the Civil War changed medical practices of the time and what many Civil War soldiers had to suffer through. Ben Lomond Historic Site, 10321 Sudley Manor Drive, Manassas, VA. For information, 703-367-7872

April 9, Virginia. Lecture

“A Statistical Study of Modern Greece Cargo: Blockade Running off Fort Fisher, NC” by Chelsea Freeland, Civil War Lecture Series at The Mariners’ Museum & Park, Newport News, 2:30. For information, 757-596-2222; MarinersMuseum.org

April 9, Virginia. Living History

”Herbs, Amputations, and Disease: How the Civil War Changed Medicine” at Ben Lomond Historic Site, Manassas, 11–4. $5 over age 6. For information, 703-367-7872

April 9, Virginia. Seminar & Tour

“Like Mad Demons”: The Battles of Cross Keys & Port Republic, Lord Fairfax Community College’s Center for Civil War History annual spring seminar & tour at Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, Dayton. Lecture by Prof. Jonathan A. Noyalas. Sites include Turner Ashby death site, Union Church, Widow Pence Farm, North River Bridge, the Coaling. $20 includes lecture,

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Siege Weekend living history commemorating 154th battle anniversary. Soldiers’ life programs, musket & cannon demonstrations, ranger battle talks. For information, 912-786-5787; www.nps.gov/fopu

April 9-10, Virginia. Living History

49th Virginia / 3rd ANV Regiment encampment and drill weekend at Brentsville Courthouse Historic Centre, Bristow, 11-4. Recreating April 1861 formation of local military units. For information, 703365-7895

April 10, Pennsylvania. Symposium

17th Annual Meade Society Symposium, “The History of the Grand Army of the Republic — The Union Veterans of the Civil War,” at West Laurel Hill Cemetery Conservatory, Bala Cynwyd. 12-5 p.m. Historians, authors, books, prints, raffles. $40 includes lunch. For information, Jerry McCormick 215848-7753, gedwinmc@msn.com

April 13-17, Virginia. 1864 Tour

Shenandoah Valley 1864 Battlefield Tour based in Winchester. Guides include Ed Bearss, Eric Campbell with stops at New Market, 2nd Kernstown, Berryville, 3rd Winchester, Fisher’s Hill, Tom’s Brook, Cedar Creek. Hosted by The Chicago Civil War Round Table. For information, registration, 630460-1865; www.chicagocwrt.org/ battletour

April 15, 16, Missouri. Balls & Living History

Two Civil War Balls at the Mahler Ballroom & Living History Weekend in St. Louis. Friday afternoon optional Regency dance workshop. Friday Regency Ball called by Deborah Hyland. Saturday 1860s

April 7-10 Ed BEArss symposium Based in Chambersburg, Pa.

Tours of Gettysburg and Brandywine Battlefield with Ed Bearss, Tom Clemens, Dana Shoaf, Steve Bockmiller, and others. Covering Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Civil War, WWII.

mAy 19-22 stonEwAll JAckson in thE VAllEy Based in New Market, Va.

Tours of Lexington, Va., Jackson Battle sites of 1862 in the Valley. Speakers include Ed Bearss, Jeff Wert, Keven Walker, Jerry Holsworth, others.

July 27-31 GEttysBurG dAy thrEE & BEyond Based in Chambersburg, Pa.

DiPrete Promotions, Inc.

April 9-10, Georgia. 154th Fort Pulaski

Hosting Civil War tours sinCe 1989.

Loyal Legion of the Confederacy

CSA National Defense Medals & other banned internet items

handouts & tour, bring lunch. For information, Jonathan A. Noyalas, 540-868-7191, jnoyalas@1fcc.edu. Registration, 540-868-7021, www. LFCCWorkforce.com

Tours of Gettysburg off the beaten path, East Cavalry Field, the Retreat, and more. Speakers include Ed Bearss, Jeff Wert, Carol Reardon, Eric Wittenberg, Wayne Motts, Steve French, & others.

FAll 2016 lincoln At GEttysBurG Based in Chambersburg, Pa.

Featuring Joe Mieczkowski, John Schildt, David T. Dixon, Ed Steers, and others. Includes bus tour following Lincoln’s path to giving the Gettysburg Address, sessions, and tour of sites in Harrisburg.

“ExcEllEnt as always. I always lEarn so much that I can latEr dElvE Into.” - donna m., 2015 attEndEE

717-264-7101

/CivilWarSeminars

Special thanks to our Sponsor:

Civil War News

April 2016

immersion living history outing. Saturday evening 1860s Civil War Era Ball with music by Martha Edwards called by Deborah Hyland. Individual & package tickets. Sponsored by Civil War Lady, Joy Melcher. For information, 712-310-9383, joymelcher@hotmail.com; www.St.LouisCivilWarBall.com

Located at 17 Tudor Lane, Bel Air, MD 21015. $5.00 cash for those age 13 and older for each tour. For information 443-619-0008, SpiritsOfTudorHall@ gmail.com; http://spiritsoftudorhall.blogspot.com

April 16, Georgia. Junior Ranger Day

11th Annual Pamplin Park Spring Tour: Defending Washington. With A. Wilson Greene & local historians to sites of campaigns that threatened Washington from 1861-1864. Includes Manassas, Ball’s Bluff, Monocacy, Fort Stevens, Frederick Douglass House, Lincoln’s Cottage. For information, 804-861-2408; www.pamplinpark.org/events

9:00 to 5:00 p.m. | Fort Pulaski National Monument | National Park Service. National Park Week kicks off with Junior Ranger Day. With the assistance of Savannah Technical College, Fort Pulaski will offer free, fun, hands-on activities for Junior Rangers and their families all day long inside the fort. As the National Park Service celebrates its 100th anniversary, let the kids lead the way and learn about preservation efforts at this nineteenth-century marvel.

April 16, Virginia. Civil War Institute

Bridgewater College Civil War Institute “Civil War Memory-Reconciliation” in McKinney Hall, Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, 9-4. Speakers include Dr. Elizabeth Varon, Dr. John Coski, Dr. Peter Wallenstein, Waite Rawls. Free. For information, npicerno@bridgewater.edu

April 16, 17, Kentucky. Shows

National Gun Day antique, modern, Civil War & JAG Military Show at Kentucky Expo Center, Louisville. Saturday 9-5, Sunday 9-3. For information, Ron Dickson, 513-523-3574, Ron-Dickson@Nationalgunday.com; www.Nationalgunday.com

April 21-24, DC, Maryland, Virginia. Tour

April 22, 23, Georgia. Show

Atlanta Antique Gun & International Military Show, IAMAW Local 709 Union Hall, Marietta, Saturday 9-5, Sunday 10-4. $7 adults, $1 ages 7-12, 2 days $10. For information, Carolina Trader Promotions, 704-282-1339; www.TheCarolinaTrader.com

April 22-24, North Carolina. Living History

26th annual Battle of Plymouth Living History Weekend. Battles, boat rides, artillery, lectures, tours. Port O’ Plymouth Museum, 252-793-1377; portoplymouthmuseum.org

April 22-24, Pennsylvania. Reenactment

Civil War Days at Daniel Lady Farm in Gettysburg. Living history, daily skirmish, evening tactical. CS/US Infantry. Artillery by invitation. Sutlers welcome. Registration $5 over age 10. Proceeds benefit the farm. Hosted by 2nd Maryland Artillery CS. For information, John, 717-698-4327, johnwelker117@gmail.com

27th Annual Neshaminy Civil War Living History & Reenactment at Neshaminy State Park, Bensalem. Actions at the First Bull Run/Manassas. Camps open 9 a.m. Battles at 2 on Saturday, 1:30 on Sunday. Military demonstrations, music, sutlers. Registration required. Free spectator admission & parking. Sponsors 28th PA Regiment, 1st Battalion, Army of Northern Virginia, Historical Society of Bensalem Township, Grand Army of the Republic Civil War Museum & Library, Delaware Valley CWRT, Neshaminy State Park, Waste Management Inc. For information, 267968-4809, cdgilson5@comcast.net; www.neshaminyreenactment.org

April 17, Maryland. Guided Tour of the Historic Tudor Hall

April 23, Illinois. Show

April 16, 17, Pennsylvania. Living History

Tour the grounds and first floor of historic Tudor Hall, home of Maryland’s famous family of Shakespearian actors including Edwin Booth and John Wilkes Booth. Tours at 1 pm and 2 pm and lasts about 45 minutes for each tour.

Chicagoland’s Civil War & Military Collector’s Extravaganza at DuPage County Fairgrounds, Wheaton, 9-4. $9. For information, 715-526-9769; www.zurkopromotions.com

April 23, North Carolina. Ball

The Grand Blue & Gray Ball hosted by Bennett Place Support Fund Inc. at Historic Hillsborough Barn, Hillsboro, 7-11 p.m. Couples $50, singles $35. For information, 919-383-4345, Bennett@ncdcr.gov; www. bennettplacehistoricsite.com

April 23: Ohio. Marker Dedication

Historical marker dedication for Camp Putnam in Marietta, 12 p.m. at Indian Acres Park. Day long living history presentations depicting Co. B, 18th Ohio & 1st Ohio Light Artillery. For information, mariettacastle@gmail.com

April 23, Virginia. Seminar

“Heroes, Scapegoats, and Villains: Creating the Legacy of Civil War Generals” Shenandoah University McCormick Civil War Institute Annual

Spring Seminar at Cool Spring Battlefield, Bluemont, 9-5. Speakers & panelists include James Broomall, Keith Gibson, Lesley Gordon, Jonathan Noyalas. Panel & tour of University’s portion of the Cool Spring Battlefield. Registration $50 includes lunch. For information, registration, Colleen Pfiester, 540-665-4587, cpfieste@su.edu; Jonathan A. Noyalas, jnoyalas01@ su.edu.

April 23, 24, Indiana. Living History

Sassafras Tea Festival & Civil War Living History at Jennings County Historical Society in Vernon. Living history, camps, skirmishes, battles, skits, Blue Gray Ball. For information, 812-346-8989

April 24, New York. Grant Ceremony

194th Grant’s Tomb Birthday Commemoration at General Grant National Memorial, Manhattan, 11 a.m. All Civil War groups, Scouts invited to join color guard. For information, Capt. George Weinmann, 718-383-3180

April 29-May 1, Virginia. Reenactment

Annual Civil War Weekend in Buchanan, a James River supply depot. Street battles reenact Union Gen. David Hunter’s troops entering town June 13, 1864, after crossing the upstream shallows. Registration fee $10 by April 1, walk-ons allowed. For information, townofbuchanan.com or Facebook

April 29-May 1, Washington. Living History

Fort Simcoe Living History & School of the Reenactor in White Swan. Friday school day. Sponsored by Washington Civil War Assn. For information, Shane Colgazier, 253851-5108, cretetard@centurytel.net

Shenandoah Civil War Associates presents

J.E.B. STUART at Gettysburg

JUNE 17-19, 2016 Join us on a tour with noted historian & author Jeffry D. Wert as we visit sites associated with Stuart’s ride and the Battle of Gettysburg:

The Actual Battle Anniversary Dates!

• Rector’s Crossroads (now Atoka, Va.), Stuart’s headquarters • Sykesville, Md., burning of B&O Railroad bridge • Westminster, Md.,clash with companies C and D, 1st Delaware Cavalry and graves of two Confederates • Union Mills, Md., Stuart’s breakfast with local family, museum visit • Hanover, Pa., cavalry engagement between Stuart’s brigades & Judson Kilpatrick’s division, June 30 • Carlisle, Pa., burning of the Cavalry Barracks & clash with Union troops, July 1 • Harrisburg, Pa., local sites & Susquehanna River boat ride • Hunterstown, Pa., rear guard clash with Kilpatrick’s cavalrymen, July 2

Event Location: “The Gettysburg Movie Site” 9 6 5 P u m p in g S ta t io n R o a d , G e t t y s b u rg

For Information and Registration Log Onto:

W W W. G e t t y s b u r g Re e n a c t m e n t . C O M Gettysb urg Anni versar y Committee P . O . B o x 3 4 8 2  G e t t y s b u r g  P A 1 7 3 2 5  7 1 7 - 3 3 8 - 1 5 2 5

• Gettysburg, Pa., East Cavalry Battlefield, engagement Stuart vs. David Gregg, July 3 • Friday evening speakers Ted Alexander & Eric Wittenberg • Saturday evening dinner cruise on the Pride of the Susquehanna and Stuart presentation with Jeff Wert

For information: shencivilwar@gmail.com

To register call: Bonnie Powell, Conference Services, James Madison University

(540) 568-8043

Civil War News

April 2016 April 30, Alabama. Symposium

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Look-back at the Civil Warâ&#x20AC;? Tennessee Valley Civil War Symposium at Huntsville-Madison County Public Library, Huntsville, 9:15-4:15. Keynote speaker Steve Woodworth, plus Thomas Flagel, Greg Biggs, Brig. Gen. John Scales, Peggy Allen Towns, interactive panel Q & A. $40 required by April 20. Hosted by Tennessee Valley Civil War Round Table. For information, registration, Emil L. Posey, 256-278-5533; emilposey@ardmore.net; tvcwrt.org

April 30, Alabama. Living History

Civil War Living History at Confederate Memorial Park, Marbury, 10-11:30, skirmish at 1 pm. Self-guided tours of stateâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s only Confederate veteransâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; home & 2 cemeteries. Confederate Memorial Museum, $2 admission. Living history free. For information, 205-755-1990; www.confederatepark.com

April 30, Illinois. Civil War Symposium at Joliet Jr. College

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Legacy, Social Change and Remembrance.â&#x20AC;? Speakers include Professor Don Doyle, on â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Cause of All Nations: The International Impact of American Civil Warâ&#x20AC;?; Rob Girardi, on â&#x20AC;&#x153;Illinois in the Civil Warâ&#x20AC;?; Professor Doug Hurt, on â&#x20AC;&#x153;Agriculture, Food Production and the Civil Warâ&#x20AC;?; Professor Ted Karamanski, on â&#x20AC;&#x153;Chicago during the Civil Warâ&#x20AC;?; and Professor Nicholas Sambaluk, on the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Revolution in Technology during Civil Warâ&#x20AC;?. For information, contact Prof. Dennis Doyle at ddoyle@jjc.edu

April 30, Michigan. Ball

Coldwater Civil War Spring Ball at Historic Masonic Temple, Coldwater, 7-10. Music by Glen Morningstar Jr. & the Ruffwater String Band. Information, tickets, www.cwcwmi.com or Facebook

April 30, May 1, New York. Artillery School

28th Annual Artillery School at Old Fort Niagara, Youngstown. Open to all branches of service, Federal & Confederate, & civilians. $7. Sponsored by National Civil War Artillery Association & Reynoldsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Battery L. For information, registration, John Beatty, 716-432-0456, jrbeatty21@aol.com; www.reynoldsbattery.org

April 30, May 1, Ohio. Civil War Show

39th Annual Ohio Civil War Show & 24th Annual Artillery Show at Richland County Fairgrounds, Mansfield, Saturday 9-5, Sunday 9-3. Seven buildings, living history, cannon firing, field hospital, music, demonstrations. $7 ages 12 up. For information, 419-884-2194; www.ohiocivilwarshow.com

May 1, Maryland. Junius Brutus Booth and Tudor Hall

Presented by Jim Garrett, a life-long Lincoln Assassination and Booth enthusiast. Talk starts at 2 pm and lasts about 45 minutes. Located at 17 Tudor Lane, Bel Air, MD. $5.00 cash for those age 13 and older. For information, 443-619-0008, SpiritsOfTudorHall@gmail.com, http://spiritsoftudorhall. blogspot.com

May 7, New Jersey. Confederate Memorial Day

Honor Ceremony Finns Point National Cemetery, 454 Fort Mott Road Pennsville, NJ 08070. The cemetery is adjacent to Fort Mott State Park. We will meet in the Fort Mott Parking lot at 10:00. This event is done in conjunction with Private Meredith Pool Camp # 1505, SCV, 12th Virginia Infantry, 7th New Jersey Infantry, Sons of Veterans Reserve, and the Col. Francine Camp # 7, Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War. For information contact David Hann at Dhann59@aol.com or Rich Silvani at RR1863@aol. com

May 7, 8, West Virginia. 155th Jacksonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Raid

Jacksonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Raid 155th Anniversary at Martinsburg Roundhouse Center, Martinsburg. Battle, living history, dance. Sponsored by MartinsburgBerkeley County Convention & Visitors Bureau. For information, registration, 717-338-1776; ALHES.com

May 13, Virginia. Cemeteries Tour

Explore Your Park: Historic Cemeteries at Bristoe Station Battlefield Heritage Park, Bristow, walking tour at 7 p.m. Free, donations encouraged. For information, 703-366-3049

May 14, Virginia. Lecture

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Ramming Speed: The Rise & Fall of the Ram as a Naval Weaponâ&#x20AC;? by John V. Quarstein, Civil War Lecture Series at The Marinersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Museum & Park, Newport News, 2:30. For information, 757-596-2222; MarinersMuseum.org

May 14, 15, North Carolina. Reenactment

Battle of Warm Springs reenactment in Hot Springs area of 2nd N.C. Mounted Infantry activity and skirmishes. $5 registration by April 1, $10 later. For information, www.2ncmi.org

May 15, Pennsylvania. GAR 150th

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Grand Army of the Republic Tour of Veterans of the Civil Warâ&#x20AC;? at Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia, 1 p.m. Featuring notable founders & leaders, led by Dr. Andy Waskie & Russ Dodge. Related 150th anniversary exhibit 12 p.m. $12 tour donation requested. For information, 215-228-8200

May 19-22, Virginia. Seminar & Tour

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Stonewall Jackson in the Valleyâ&#x20AC;? Chambersburg Civil War Seminar & Tours based in Harrisonburg. Tours of Lexington, Jackson 1862 battle sites in Valley. Speakers & guides include Ed Bearss, Dr. James Robertson, Keven Walker, Jeff Wert, Jerry Holdsworth. For information, www.CivilWarSeminars.org

Civil Weekend â&#x20AC;˘ May 21 and 22 @M@C 08IWar 0<<B<E; a &8P 8E;

May 6-8, Virginia. Grant Association

Ulysses S. Grant Association Annual Meeting in Richmond. For information, www.usgrantlibrary.org

May 7, California. Living History

Fort Ord Warhorse Days at Fort Ord in Marina. Civil War mounted artillery, Hussars, current mechanized artillery. For information, fortordhistory@gmail. com; www.fortordwarhorse.org/home.html

May 7, Illinois. Civil War Grave Marker Dedication

The Philip H. Sheridan Camp of the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil WAR (SUVCW) in conjunction with the Oswego Township Cemetery will dedicate new headstones on the graves of 22 Civil War veterans buried in Oswego Township Cemetery in Oswego. The ceremony will be held on Saturday, May 7, 2016, at 1 pm at the Cemetery located at 503 South Main Street in the Village. In addition to local civic leaders and historians, speakers will include representatives from Civil War heritage groups. Local reenactors will provide rifle and artillery salutes. For information, 630-388-8675, robtrogers@aol.com

May 20, Maryland. Lecture

Letterman Lecture on patient extraction from the battlefield at National Museum of Civil War Medicine, Frederick, 4 p.m. Speakers Dr. Gary Gilbert and Don Choate. For information,civilwarmed.org

May 20-22, Georgia. 152nd Resaca

152nd Anniversary â&#x20AC;&#x153;Battle of Resacaâ&#x20AC;? reenactment on over 650 acres of original battlefield in Resaca. Battles both days, period dance, medical demonstrations, cavalry competition, ladiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; tea, civilian refugee camp, memorial service at Confederate cemetery. $125 bounty to first 14 57-inch cannon & crews registered by May 1. Registratopn $10 by May 1. Portion of proceeds to Friends of Resaca Battlefield. Sponsored by Georgia Division Reenactors Assn. For information, www.georgiadivision.org

May 20-22, New York. Reenactment

17th â&#x20AC;&#x153;Fire on the Geneseeâ&#x20AC;? reenactment, Letchworth State Park, Mt. Morris. Friday education day. Battles both days, Saturday dance, Sunday morning church service. Bounty for artillery on field. $5 by May 7, $8 at registration table. Proceeds to maintain parkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Civil War Parade Ground & Museum. Hosted by 5th Virginia Cavalry, 28th New York & Fire on the Genesee Committee. For information, Tim & Diana Bucknam, 585-507-6847, HTBuck@aol.com; http://fireonthegenesee.com

May 20-22, Pennsylvania. Reenactment

9th Annual Lehigh Valley Civil War Days (aka Camp Geiger) at Whitehall Parkway, Whitehall. Early-war

1 th Annual 19 TH ANNUAL Reenactment

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Civil War Reenactment

The Battle of Bethesda Church

Locust Grove Plantation

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JACKSONâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S RAID th 155 Anniversary

at the Martinsburg Roundhouse Center located at 100 E. Liberty Street

Walkertown, VA.

Nov. 5 &6, 2016

10 am - 6 pm

www.peninsulaartillery.com (804) 769-8201 â&#x20AC;˘ (804) 744-6224

Two Historical Balls

Regency Ball - April 15 Civil War Ball - April 16

Period Dance â&#x20AC;˘ Civil War Camps Hourly Promgrams â&#x20AC;˘ Battle at 2 pm

May 7th & 8th 2016 MARTINSBURG, WV Reenactor Registration at ALHES.com or by calling 717.338.1776 Sponsored by Martinsburg - Berkeley County Convention & Visitors Bureau

A wonderful weekend in St. Louis at the Historic Mahler Ballroom Dance Workshop ~ Living History Activities ~ Tours ~ Luncheon Friday Night Regency Ball ~ Saturday Night 1860s Military Ball Purchase tickets for any or all of the weekend activities! Lodging available $99 per night, limited availablity. Period attire required. Contact us for more info.

(712) 310-9383 joymelcher@hotmail.com

CivilWarLady.net by Joy Melcher

Civil War News

40 battles both days. Living History Street with medical, Sanitary Commission, historical personages. Artillery & cavalry demonstrations, music, speakers. Saturday concert & night artillery firing. Cavalry, artillery & sutlers by invitation. Registration $10 until March 15, $15 to April 30, $20 after. For information, www.friendsofcampgeiger.webs.com

May 20-22, Virginia. N-SSA 133rd National Competition

Event held at Fort Shenandoah near Winchester, Virginia. Member units compete in live-fire matches with original or authentic reproduction Civil War period muskets, carbines, breech-loading rifles, revolvers, mortars and cannons. It is the largest Civil War event of its kind in the United States. The N-SSA is the country’s oldest and largest Civil War shooting sports organization with over 3,200 individuals that make up its 200 member units. Each unit represents a Civil War regiment or unit and wears the uniform they wore 150 years ago. Spectators are welcome and admission is free. There is a large sutler area and food service is available. For more information, visit the N-SSA web site at: www.n-ssa.org.

April 2016

demonstrations, drills, battle, Saturday ball, Sunday church service. For information, www.cwcwmi.com

May 27-30, New York. 150th Commemoration

150th Memorial Day Commemoration in Waterloo, birthplace of the day. Friday evening ceremony at American Civil War Memorial. Weekend living history, demonstrations, historical figures, Saturday parade. Monday decoration ceremonies at cemeteries, 150th parade, ceremony. All units & branches welcome. Sponsored by Waterloo 150th Celebrate/Commemorate, VFW & American Legion. For info: Marty Hillman, 315-878-6302; Caren Cleaveland, 585-703-6489, ccleave1@yahoo.com; www.waterloony.com

May 28-30, Maryland. Memorial Day

Memorial Day Weekend at Monocacy National Battlefield, Frederick, with 2,200 flag memorial display honoring those who fell during the battle, special programs throughout weekend. For information, 301-662-3515; www.nps. gov/mono

May 28-30, Virginia. Memorial Day

Grand Victorian Ball for Peace at Lakewold Gardens, Lakewold. Sponsored by Washington Civil War Assn. For information, Victoria Cady, 360-6492546, stickyvicki@msn.com

Memorial Day Weekend at Pamplin Historical Park, Petersburg. Walk of Honor Breakthrough tour, living history programs, ceremony with artillery, color guard, Taps. For information, 804-861-2408; www.pamplinpark.org/ events

May 21-22, Virginia. 152nd Fort Pocahontas

May 28-30, Washington. Reenactment

May 21, Washington. Victorian Ball

152nd Anniversary of The Action at Wilson’s Wharf at Fort Pocahontas (May 24, 1864), Charles City, 10-4. Daily 1 p.m. battles, presentations, self-guided fort tours, Saturday dinner, dance, artillery fire, night tactical. All proceeds to Fort Pocahontas preservation. For information, registration, 804-829-9722, www.fortpocahontas.org

May 22, Philadelphia. Gravesite Placement Of Veterans’ Flags At Laurel Hill

Meet at the gatehouse of Laurel Hill Cemetery, 3822 Ridge Avenue, in Philadelphia at 10:00 AM. The group will place US flags on the graves of veterans’ of all wars. As time and manpower permit, the cemeteries to be covered include Laurel Hill, Mt. Peace & St. James the Less. Refreshments and lunch provided. Open to the Public. Laurel Hill Cemetery, 3822 Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19132. Free Parking is available. For information, 215- 228-8200, www.thelaurelhillcemetery.org

May 27, 28, Virginia. Symposium

16th Biennial Stonewall Jackson Symposium at Virginia Military Institute, Lexington. Speakers include Keith Bohannon, Robert E.L. Krick, Robert K. Krick, John W. Mountcastle, Elizabeth Parnicza, Frank A. O’Reilly, Jeff Shaara. Sponsored by VMI & Stonewall Jackson House. Registration deadline May 18. For information, registration, www.stonewalljackson.org

May 27-29, Michigan. Living History

Branch County Civil War Days at Heritage Park, Coldwater. Friday evening train ride (fee) at the Little River Railroad. Free weekend living history,

Battle of Deep Creek reenactment at Medical Lake near Spokane. Sponsored by Washington Civil War Ass. For information, Bob Davisson, 509-995-8619 (evening), bob@14virginiacavalry.org

May 29, Pennsylvania. Memorial Day

Recreation of Meade Post 1’s original 1868 G.A.R. Decoration Day Service at Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia, 12 p.m. Dedication of veterans’ markers, ceremonies followed by traditional service honoring all veterans at Gen. George G. Meade’s grave. Wreaths, military contingents, color guards, music, period civilians invited. Co-sponsored by General Meade Society of Philadelphia; Friends of Laurel Hill; American Legion Post 405; MOLLUS, Union League; Sons of Union Veterans. For information, 215-228-8200

May 30, Pennsylvania. Special Memorial Day Observance

National Holiday at Christ Church Burial Ground at 5th & Arch Street at 12 noon. The final resting place of five (5) Signers of the Declaration of Independence, including Benjamin Franklin! The Benjamin Franklin American Legion Post #405 of the Union League will place a wreath representing the American Legion Post, commemorating the services of all veterans! American Legion Post #405; MOLLUS, Union League; Sons of Union Veterans. For information, 215-228-8200

June 2-5, West Virginia. 155th Philippi

28th Annual Blue & Gray Reunion commemorating war’s first land battle on June 1, 1861, in Philippi. Commemorative battle, skirmishes, living history, tea, ball. For information, Ed Larry, 304-457-3773, frank.larry45@gmail.com

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June 4, California. Conference

American Civil War Conference – 1861: Marching to War at Temecula Conference Center, Temecula, 8:30-5 with lunch. Seven historians commemorate first year of the war. Registration required. For information, registration, www. gazette665.com/cw-conference-2016

June 4-5, Alaska. Living History

Civil War Living History Weekend at Chena Lakes Recreation Area, Fairbanks. Living history, drill demonstrations, presentations. For information, Lt. Ed Forquer, hq4thus@yahoo.com

June 4-5, New Jersey. School of Soldier

7th Annual School of the Soldier Encampment at Allaire State Park, Farmingdale. Skirmishes, tactical, lantern tour & night firing. Registration opens in February. Info at Facebook: Allaire “School of the Soldier” Civil War Encampment

June 4-5, North Carolina. Show

Old North State Antique Gun & Military Collectors Show, North Carolina State Fairgrounds, Raleigh. Saturday 9-5, Sunday 10-4:30. $8 adults, $1 ages 7-12. For information, Carolina Trader Promotions, 704282-1339, TheCarolinaTrader.com

June 10-12, Pennsylvania. Women’s Weekend

Women’s Contributions & Challenges of the Civil War: Mentoring Weekend at Daniel Lady Farm, Gettysburg. Camping available, meals, learning about reenacting. $10 registration by May 31. Hosted by Gettysburg Batlefield Preservation Assn. For information, organizer Melynda Wrightstone, melwinna1@yahoo. com and Facebook; www.gbpa.org

Civil War News

April 2016

Promoters of Quality Shows for Shooters, Collectors, Civil War and Militaria Enthusiasts

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April 30 & May 1, 2016

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June 4 & 5, 2016

Columbia Gun & Knife Show South Carolina State Fairgrounds 1200 Rosewood Drive Columbia, SC 29202

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Capital of the Confederacy Civil War Show Richmond International Raceway 600 East Laburnum Avenue Richmond, VA 23222

November 12 & 13, 2016

Middle TN (Franklin) Civil War Show

Williamson County Ag Expo Park 4215 Long Lane Franklin, TN 37064

December 3 & 4, 2016

Mike Kent & Associates, LLC • PO Box 685 • Monroe, GA 30655 770-630-7296 • Mike@MKShows.com • www.MKShows.com

Civil War News

June 11, Maryland. Living History

“Living With War - Soldier and Civilian Life on the Battlefield” at Monocacy National Battlefield, Frederick. Military & civilian living historians, weapons demonstrations. For information, 301-662-3515; www.nps.gov/mono

June 11, Virginia. Lecture

“Where are we in the conservation of the Turret?” by Will Hoffman, Civil War Lecture Series at The Mariners’ Museum & Park, Newport News, 2:30. For info: 757-596-2222; MarinersMuseum.org

June 11, Wisconsin Living History

“A Salute to Freedom” at the Civil War Museum, Kenosha, 10-4. Reenactor demonstrations, displays, booths, presentations, music. Free. For information, 262-653-4141, www.TheCivilWarMuseum.org

Lyme Village, Bellevue. Stone soup Saturday dinner, $5 poll tax. Artillery bounties. For information, www.lymevillage.com or Facebook

June 25-26, Alaska. Living History

Civil War Living History at Pioneer Park, Fairbanks. Demonstrations, presentations. For information, Lt. Ed Forquer, hq4thus@yahoo.com

June 25-26, Maryland. Living History

Corbit’s Charge Living History Encampment at Emerald Hill Park, Westminster, 9-4. Highlighting Carroll County & Battle of Westminster. Saturday parade, wreath-laying ceremony, battle tours, evening event. Sunday church service. Participants, especially mounted cavalry, wanted. Registration $5. Hosted by The Pipe Creek Civil War Round Table of Carroll County. For information, registration, Steven Carney, swcarney13@aol.com 43rd Annual Civil War Collectors’ Show, Al1Star Expo Hall at Eisenhower Inn. Gettysburg. Sarurday 10-5, Sunday 9-2. Sponsored by Gettysburg Battlefield Preservation Assn. For information, Bill or Brendon Synnamon, 717-339-0009; bill@unioncigarclub.com

Shenandoah Civil War Associates’ “J.E.B. Stuart at Gettysburg” tour of sites including Maryland & Virginia associated with Stuart’s ride & Battle of Gettysburg with Jeff Wert. Friday speakers Ted Alexander & Eric Wittenberg. Saturday dinner cruise on Susquehanna. For information, shencivilwar@gmail.com. Register, Bonnie Powell, Conference Services, James Madison University, 540-5688043

June 18, Virginia. Battlefields Tour

Forgotten Battles of Northern Virginia from Bristoe Station Battlefield Heritage Park, Bristow, 8–5. Local historians explore smaller, hidden battles in the region from 1861 to 1865. Reservations required, $80 includes lunch. For information, 703-366-3049

June 18-19, Maryland. Monocacy Open House

Open house at the Best Farm, Monocacy National Battlefield, Frederick, 11-4. Historic buildings, main house, site of slave village spanning 3 centuries. House tours, living historians. For information, 301-662-3515; www.nps.gov/mono

June 18-19, Washington. Reenactment

“Battle of Chehalis River,” Chehalis. Sponsored by Washington Civil War Assn. For information, Kevin Saville, 360-292-0966, Kevin@saville.net

June 24-26, Kansas. Reenactment

Reenactment of the Battle of Malvern Hill in Moline. Seeking Union & Confederate artillery & infantry. For information, R. Durbin, 785-4532185, Facebook

June 24-26, Ohio. Living History

“The Road to Manassas” at Historic

770-630-7296

June 17-19, Pennsylvania. Tour

152ND ANNIVERSARY REENACTMENT May 20-22, 2016 in Resaca, Georgia Sponsored by the Georgia Division Reenactors Association For more details visit our website

www.georgiadivision.org

Camp Nelson, Ky Civil War Days September 10 & 11, 2016 Experience military & civilian life during the Civil War and a skirmish reenactment on one of the best-preserved Union Army Supply Depot and recruitment sites in the nation. Living historians tell the stirring story of Camp Nelson and its impact on not only the Civil War but on African-American History. (859) 881-5716. www.campnelson.org

National Gun Day antique, modern,  Civil War & JAG Military Show at Kentucky Expo Center, Louisville. Saturday 9-5, Sunday 9-3. For information, Ron Dickson, 513-523-3574, Ron-Dickson@ Nationalgunday.com; www. Nationalgunday.com

24th Annual Peterboro Reenactment in Peterboro. Skirmish both days at 2 p.m. No registration fee before June 1, $5 after & walk-ons. Hosted by 12th U.S., Co. A. For information, Carol Mayers, 315-633-8844, caroljmayers@yahoo.com; www. the12thus.com

Battle of Resaca

June 25-26, Pennsylvania Collectors’ Civil War Show

June 11-12, Kentucky. Gun Show

June 11-12, New York. Reenactment

April 2016

f f Admission Coupon O 1 $ To Any MKShows Event

Mike@MKShows.com • www.MKShows.com

April 2016

Civil War News

Texas Civil War Museum Begins Its Second Decade FORT WORTH, Texas — The Texas Civil War Museum began its second decade on Jan. 25 with new exhibits. U.S. Maj. Gen. Phillip H. Sheridan’s sword, scabbard, saddle blanket and one of his headquarters’ flags joined the collection of artifacts from Gens. U.S. Grant, Benjamin Butler, Robert E. Lee, J.E.B. Stuart and Joseph Shelby. In addition to the new exhibit, more than a dozen flags, many from Texas Confederate units, will rotate on display. Sheridan has a connection to Texas. In May 1865 he assembled 50,000 men to patrol the U.S.-Mexico border. The Army’s presence helped induce the French to abandon their claim to Mexico. In March 1867, Sheridan was appointed the military governor of the Fifth Military District (Texas and Louisiana). Shortly after Sheridan dismissed Texas Governor James W. Throckmorton, a former Confederate, on July 30, 1867, President Andrew Johnson removed him. Sheridan was unpopular in Texas. In 1866, he reportedly quipped: “If I owned Texas and Hell, I would rent Texas and live in Hell.” In its first 10 years the Texas Civil War Museum conducted over 1,250 school field trips involving 51,000 students. More than 200,000 visitors came from all 50 states and 105 countries. Over 100 volunteers donated 32,000 hours at the museum which is a popular educational venue and tourist destination. National Park Service Chief Historian Emeritus Ed Bearss on a recent visit said, “The Texas Civil War Museum is one of the finest museums in the nation.” Information is available at 817246-2323 and www.texascivilwarmuseum.com

THE ARTILLERYMAN magazine is a quarterly magazine for enthusiasts who collect and shoot cannons from the Rev-War to World War II. $25/ year. Historical Publications LLC, 6175 Hickory Flat Hwy. Suite 110-355, Canton, GA 30115. 800-777-1862. ArtillerymanMagazine.com

This guidon flew at Gen. Phillip Sheridan’s headquarters.

Gen. Phillip Sheridan artifacts at the Texas Civil War Museum include his saddle blanket and sword.

Deadlines for submissions or advertising is April 1st for the May issue.

U.S. Major General Philip Henry Sheridan. (Library of Congress)

Civil War News

April 2016

Regimentals & State Interest LINCOLN

LOUISIANA

NEW YORK

PENNSYLVANIA

VIRGINIA

THE LINCOLN Group of New York. Three dinner meetings each year with nationally acclaimed guest speakers. Come enjoy camaraderie and provocative discussions on Abraham Lincoln. For information, visit www.lincolngroupny.org. 6.15.16

POLIGNAC 2ND Texas Brigade in Red River Campaign: anything related to Crescent Rgt. 18 & 28 Louisiana Infantry, 15th Texas Infantry and 17th, 22nd, 31st & 34th Texas Dism. Cav. Regts and Gen. Polignac. Details about these units and the Veterans’ meetings after the war. Daniel J. Frankignoul, 64 Clos des Peupliers, 1200 Brussels, Belguim or email me at dan.franki@hotmail.fr. 11.15.16

2ND NEW YORK Mounted Rifles - Recruited largely in Erie and Niagara Counties. All information including letters, stories, diaries, photos, burial sites. Bill Crowlev, 9 Jasmine Lane, Kings Park, NY 11754 or wjcrowley@gmail.com. 12.15.16

“MAJOR GENERAL James Scott Negley and Mutiny Camp Negley.” Scapegoat of Chickamauga. Not a novel. $12.95 postage paid. Steward Cruickshank, 95 Lutie St., Nashville, TN 37210. 6.15.16

1ST COMPANY Richmond Howit zers. Seeking information, letters, journals, accounts for history. Wayne Rowe, 45 Starboard Dr #370, Tivertown, RI. Email newave99@yahoo.com. 4.15.16

WANTED: PENNSYLVANIA CDV’S, letters, images, artifacts, diaries, swords. Especially 61st, 62nd, 63rd, 77th, 78th, 101st, 155th, cavalry, artillery and Bucktails. Contact KC Turner, PO Box 911, Ellwood City, PA 16117. CivilWar@zoominternet.net. 6.15.16

“MONTGOMERY GUARD”’ Co. C. 1st Virginia. Looking for any information. Contact William Rose 9177 Ruth Wood Ct., Mechanicsville, VA 23116. Email canonballz@hotmail.com. 3.15.16

PETERSBURG PLEASE CONTACT me if you have unpublished material from soldiers of Mahone’s Division during the Siege of Petersburg. johnedwardhorn@gmail.com 3.15.16

DAKOTA TERRITORY SEEKING INFORMATION: Pvt. John McClellan, First Dakota Cavalry 1862 1865. Sgt. James McClellan, 3rd Cavalry 1872-1877, Sioux Indian Wars. Contact Greg Olsen. cwshiloh@sio.midco.net. 5.15.16

GEORGIA 24TH GEORGIA Volunteers: Seeking information including letters, items, photos of soldiers and the regiment. teamkon@aol.com. 3.15.16 WANTED: LETTERS, documents related to Simeon B. David, 14th Ga., Hora1io J. David, l6th Ga., M. P. Alexander, 43rd Ga., Contact Ted Pulliam: 703-836-1094, pu1liams3@comcast.net. 5.15.16

ILLINOIS WANTED: 104TH Illinois letters, diaries, CDVs, relics. Will pay for originals or copies for my collection and book underway for publication. Steve Adolphson, 196 Main St., West Newbury, MA 01985. 978-363-5543. judil96@gmail.com. 3.15.16

INDIANA INTERESTED IN Civil War info, letters etc. of soldiers from Elkhart County, Ind. Contact Tom at tomandlouise@comcast.net. 8.15.16 LOOKING FOR letters, notes etc. of/on 39th Indiana Infantry, 39th Indiana Mounted Infantry, 8th Indiana Cavalry for regimental history. Mike Baker, psufan79@ yahoo.com

IOWA IOWA TERRITORY & Midwestern collector buying Iowa and Indian Territory, Midwes1ern and Wes1ern Army post documents, general orders, photos, relics, 1830-1880s. Mike Brackin, PO Box 652, Winterville, NC 28590. 252-565-8810. tf

MASSACHUSETTS 25TH MASSACHUSETTS Volunteer infantry. Want to buy letters, documents, artifacts, images, diaries, and any relics associated. Especially items identified to 1st Lieutenant Charles Francis Tew, Co. K and D, 1861-1864 and anything G.A.R. Post #10, Worcester, Mass., and Hancock’s Veterans Volunteers Co. G 1865-1866. Contact John Tew, 3 Yale Place, Merrick, N.Y., 11566. Home: 516-3782831. Cell: 516-376-7129 jtyankees@aol.com. 5.15.17 INTERESTED IN anything relating to Civil War Signal Corps, CDVs, letters, documents. Also the 40th Massachusetts Infantry. Contact Wayne Augustine, 3701 W. 70th Place, Chicago, IL 60629, 773-581-6492 or email wayneaugie@comcast.net. 10.15.16 WANTED: IDENTIFIED items, photos, letters from the 15th, 25th, 21st. 36th, 51st or 57th Massachusetts regiments. Also anything from Worcester, Mass. Contact Mark Savolis, PO Box 3A, 1 College St., Worcester, MA 01610 or email msavolis@holycross.edu. 5.15.16 WANTED: COPIES of letters, etc. from Gallops Island, Georges Island, Castle Island, Fort Warren or Fort Independence, all located in Boston Harbor. Contact: Bob Hearsey, 311 Sherman St., Canton, MA 62021. 781- 828-3183. 3.15.16

NEW HAMPSHIRE WANTED: 12TH New Hampshire Volunteers Brig. General Joseph H. Poller and 9th New Hampshire Volunteers Private Phendeus Potter photos and papers. Contact Jim Grismer, 5 Grove Park Way, Savannah, GA 31419; 912-308-8925 jimmygriz@aol.com. 6.15.16

NEW MEXICO NEW MEXICO wanted. Civil War and Indian Wars documents, photos and relics. Will Itoh, 5005 San Adan Ave. NW, Albuquerque, NM 87120-1835. 6.15.16

154TH NEW YORK: Seeking anything having to do with the “Hardtack Regiment” Letters, diaries, relics, photographs, veterans’ memorabilia. Visit our website www.hardtackregiment.com 6.15.16 ONONDAGA GAZETTE - Seeking any original or copies of this weekly newspaper published in Baldwinsville, New York during years 1860-1866. Gary Slate, 7599 West Sorrell Hill Road, Baldwinsville, NY 13027. 3.15.16 REQUESTING ORIGINAL or copies of photos, letters, journals of these regiments: 116th NY Infantry, 10th NY Cavalry, 64th NY Infantry. Collecting data: Brant NY CW veterans. Contact Patti Friend at historian@brantny.com. 5.16.16

NORTH CAROLINA SALISBURY CONFEDERATE Prison Association seeking information on prison personnel, guards and prisoners of Salisbury Confederate Prison, December 1861 – February 1865. Contact Ed and Sue Curtis, PO Box 393, Salisbury, NC 28145-0393; 704-637-6411; southpaws@fibrant.com. 6.15.16

OHIO WANTED: 25TH Ohio Light Artillery Battery images, diaries and letters. Also 2nd Regiment Ohio Cavalry images, etc. Contact James at dwestew@aol.com or 903-4525526. 5.15.16

PENNSYLVANIA 150TH PENNSYLVANIA: Seeking information, CDVs, letters, documents, etc. Special interest in Keplers & Peiffer. Copies are acceptable. William R. Brown, 7104 Autumn Bent Way, Crestwood, KY 40014. 3.15.16 54TH PENNSYLVANIA Infantry Regimental Band. Looking for photos, letters, documents, etc. Also 176th Pennsylvania Drafted Militia, Company A. Macungie Historical Cociety, PO Box 355, Macungie, PA 18062. 610965-0372. MHS@macungie.org. 6.15.16

US NAVY INFORMATION NEEDED: Trying to verify a 16 star U.S. flag flew on the USS Monitor, possibly as a boat flag or ensign’s flag, according to a note attached when donated to a local historical society by family of a sailor. Any information appreciated. Contact JonHeitland@gmail.com. 4.15.16

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SEEKING PHOTOCOPY of letter from Edwin G. Lee to his wife Susan Pendleton, dated 15 July 1861 from “Headquarters Camp near Winchester’’. Purchased from the collection of Tony Marion in Tennessee, but current whereabouts unknown. Gary Gimbel, 401 W. Race St., Martinsburg, WV 25401. 304-263-7242. Email ggimbel@citlink.net. 5.15.16

WEST VIRGINIA WANTED WEST Virginia Civil War images, letters and documents. Richard A. Wolfe, 38 Gregory Lane, Bridgeport, WV 26330. Call 304-592-5851 or email ra_wolfe@msn.com. 8.15.16

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AFFORDABLE CLASSIFIED ADS.

ONLY $30 FOR THREE ISSUES. $50 FOR 6 ISSUES AND $90 FOR A FULL YEAR (11 ISSUES). 40 WORDS. 25¢ FOR EACH ADDITIONAL WORD AFTER 40. SEE THE CLASSIFIED ORDER FORM AT THE END OF THE PAPER.

Civil War Books MAIL ORDER 1ST EDITION Civil War Books. Many 100 years old. Collections purchased. C. Clayton Thompson, Bookseller, 584 Briarwood Lane, Boone, NC 28607. 828-265-4970. greatbooks@aol.com. www.civilwarmall.com. tf ATTENTION ALL bookworms: Forage Blue Acorn Press’ on-line catalog of Civil War and WWI titles. Heavy emphasis on Western Theatre subject matter. Original works and reprints. www.blueacornpress.com. 8.15.16 CIVIL WAR books: scarce, out-of-print. Specializing in regimental histories. Free catalog. Buy, sell, trade. Richard A. LaPosta, 317 Turnpike Rd., Somers, CT 06071. 860-763-0481, email: ralapost@aol.com. tf

MIXED

“Can You Find It?” Hidden locations on the Gettysburg battlefield. Iron Posts on Little Round Top. Nine Confederate Burials in the Gettysburg National Cemetery, Dinosaur Footprints, The Boy Colonel, Mount Rushmore, Witness Tree Tags, JFK, Actor Jimmy Stewart, Notre Dame, The God Tree, Christmas in July, Alexander Gardner’s “All Over Now” photograph plus 100 more locations. Take the challenge. How many can you find? Softcover, 8-1/2" X 11", 104 pages, 165 color photographs. $21.95 to Dan G. Siderio, PO Box 3074, Gettysburg, PA 17325. 11.15.16

Civil War News

April 2016

Civil War Books MIXED

NOVELS

“MARYLAND LINE Confederate Soldiers’ Home and Veterans’ Organizations in Maryland” $20; “Union Civil War Veterans’ Organizations in Maryland” $10; both titles by Dan Toomey. All prices include taxes and shipping. Visa, Mastercard or check to Toomey Press, PO Box 122, Linthicum, MD 21090 or toomeypress@aol. com. 6.15.16

A CIVIL WAR Naval Adventure...”August 1864”. The Confederates attempt a daring raid that may change history. Can the U.S. Navy stop them in time? www. TheWriteThought.com or Amazon or B&N. Henry Rhodes, PO Box 320938, Cocoa Beach, FL 32932. 321-799-1219. 8.15.16

NEW CIVIL War biography by Gregory Wilson. “Jonathan Roberts: The Civil War’s Quaker Scout & Sheriff” details his life in northern Virginia. Available from Amazon.com, Barnes & Noble. www. civilwarquakerscout.com. 9.15.16

CAMP POPE Publishing. Complete publishing services, editing, proof reading, typesetting, design, layout, printing and binding. Paperback or hardcover. Specializing in books on the Civil War. View our portfolio and get a free quote at www.camppope.com. 4.15.16

SELLING MY collection of over 200 Civil War books as a lot. Estimated value $2,800. Asking $1,300 or best offer. Call 603-5326415 for list. 3.15.16 “CONSPICUOUS GALLANTRY: The Civil War and Reconstruction Letters of James W. King, 11th Michigan Volunteer Infantry,” from KSU Press in 2015 is now in print. Available from your local bookseller or on-line. 6.15.16 LEECHDOM BY Lee Tyler Williams of the 2014 Robert Penn Warren award for fiction. A horrific tale of life in a leprosy colony on the Mississippi during the Civil War. Order at www.newplainspress.com or check or money order written to Summerfield Publishing for $20 to PO Box 1946, Auburn, AL 36831. AL residents add 9% sales tax. “DIVIDED WE FALL: The Confederacy’s Collapse from Within, A State-by-State Account” by Calvin Goddard Zon. Available from Amazon in paperback and e book. Highly recommended by Civil War News reviewer. 6.15.16 INTERESTED IN the role of religion in the Civil War? Get the widely acclaimed “Both Prayed To The Same God” by Robert J. Miller. Go to Amazon.com or civilwarreligion.com. 12.15.16 “JOURNALS OF the House of Burgesses of Virginia 1619-1776.” Limited/numbered edition, published 1905-1918, 13 volumes. Volumes 1-12 excellent condition. Volume 13 is a replacement with different binding and paper. Contact Dr. Walter Pittman at 575-4914235, wpittman@uwa.edu. 3.15.16 “REMINISCENCES OF the Women of Missouri During the Sixties.” Personal stories compiled by UDC. Hard reprint of the 1913 edition. Hard Cover. Limited Quantity. Contact Burnt District Press at ordernoll@aol.com 816-668-5862. 6-15-16

PUBLISHER

REFERENCE BARGAIN SALE - Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of Rebellion. Complete set of 30 vols. Published 1894-1921. Includes 1 or 2 later volumes. $499 price includes costly shipping. 717-464-4936. tf “FOLLOWING IN Lincoln’s Footsteps” and “The Presidents Were Here” identify and illuminate thousands of places in the lives of the presidents. Available on Amazon, Barnes & Noble, etc. 4.15.16 NEW BOOK on Civil War Kansas forts on Amazon.com. Search on Amazon for “William Pollard Forts and Posts in Kansas.” $12.20 plus tax. Shipping varies by region. 4.15.16 REMEMBERING MICHIGAN’S Civil War Soldiers. New book by authors David Finney and Judith McIntosh. Over 200 images, most have never been published. Send check for $26.99 to Michigan Civil War Book, PO Box 2063, Howell, MI 48844. 7.15.16

REGIMENTALS 113TH Illinois Infantry Co. B, firsthand account: Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Brice’s Crossroads, Surviving Andersonville, Savannah, Millen, Florence. Artful prose and typography, maps, references, Colorado legacy: The Chatfield Story. www.chatfieldstory.com 3.15.16 LOOKING FOR book related to 6th Georgia Cavalry or 49th Indiana Infantry. Are there any out there? Contact John Seibert, 800 Leeman Drive, New Franklin, OH 44319-4734 5.15.16

Relics & Artifacts

General & Information

ARTILLERY

ART

FIREARMS

12-PDR Mountain Howitzer, “new” Prairie carriage, 3.5-inch bore. $5,000. Contact Jimmy White at 205-594-0136 alabamabattery@yahoo.com. Last one. Retiring from cannon making. 5.15.16

MORT KUNSTLER LTD. ED. PRINTS - Private collection of un-

PARKER-HALE reproduction rifles wanted. British/English made 1853 Enfield Rifle musket or 1858 Enfield Rifle or 1861 Enfield Musketoon .577 caliber. New in box, unfired with paperwork. No Italian reproductions. The above made are Parker-Hale English made reproductions. Also, looking for new in box Colt 2nd generation percussion revolvers. Contact Blair Clifford 219-680-0490. 5.15.16

LEAVING HOBBY. Reproduction Model 1841 6-pdr bronze, limber, all implements and enclosed trailer. Will deliver. Call 843-7059049. 4.15.16

AUTOGRAPHS FOR SALE: Civil War autographs, letters, diaries, stamps, currency. Price list upon request. Top prices paid for quality material. Brian & Maria Green, PO Box 1816 N. Kernersville, NC 27285-1816. 336-993-5100. Website: shop.bmgcivilwar.net or BMGcivilwar@traid.rr.com tf

GAR, UCV G.A.R. MUSEUM and Library, 4278 Griscom St., Philadelphia, PA 19124. Open first Sundays or by appointment. G.A.R. records, CW artifacts, extensive library. Admission free. Inquiries welcome. Memberships $20 yearly. 215-2896484. tf

GENERAL INTEREST WWW.HORSESOLDIER.COM. Visit the Horse Soldier’s expansive on-line catalog of Civil War military antiques & collectibles. Thousands of photographed items featured with new items added daily. Shop at 219 Steinwehr Avenue, Gettysburg, PA. info@horsesoldier.com. 717-334-0347. tf

MAIL ORDER REB ACRES: Specializing in Civil War Memorabilia bought and sold. Priced right for the beginning collector. Something for everyone. Send 3 first-class stamps for complimentary 32-page catalog. S. Coleman & Co., PO Box 215, Raphine, VA 24472. 540-377-2057. www.rebacres.com. tf

MEDICAL MEDICAL instruments from the Civil War and before. Loose instruments as well as sets. Collum Antiques, 580A Indian Rocks Rd., Belleair Bluffs, FL 33770. 727581-6585. Email collumantiques@verizon.net See our display ad. tf

AFFORDABLE CLASSIFIED ADS.

ONLY $30 FOR THREE ISSUES. $50 FOR 6 ISSUES AND $90 FOR A FULL YEAR (11 ISSUES). 40 WORDS. 25¢ FOR EACH ADDITIONAL WORD AFTER 40. SEE THE CLASSIFIED ORDER FORM AT THE END OF THE PAPER.

framed Mort Kunstler Civil War prints - Rare - LTD. Editions. Contact Paul P. 631-756-0693. pposil756@ aol.com (For titles/prices). 9/15/16 DON TROIANI, “Bronze Guns and Iron Men” 262/950 museum framed, with COA, $900. Pick up only in Chicago, IL. Call 773-7758340. 3.15.16 MORT KUNSTLER, artist print XCV/C “Wayside Farewell.” Gold frame, 27" X 39" triple mat. Certificate of authenticity. Best offer. Call 772-979-2205. 3.15.16 MORT KUNSTLER, signed and numbered 1306/2700 “Until We Meet Again.” Gold frame, 27" X 39" double mat. Certificate of authenticity. $1,000 or best offer. Call 772-979-2205. 3.15.16 “LEE AT Fredericksburg, Princess Anne Street, 9:40 a.m., November 20th, 1862,” by Mort Kunstler, signed and numbered 446/2000 with COA. Triple matted, museum framed under UV glass w/metal nameplate. $600. Call Jim at 716345-1897. 6.15.16 DON TROIANI: “High Water Mark,” $500. “Burnside Bridge,” “Concord Bridge,” “For God Sake Forward,” “Jackson Is With You,” “The Black Hats,” $200 each or reasonable offer. Call Rick Baker at 617-304-9497. 5.15.16

BED & BREAKFAST LA CLE D’OR GUESTHOUSE, 226 North Union Ave., Havre De Grace, MD 21078-2907. Phone: 410-939-6562 or 410-458-2646. www.lacledorguesthouse.com. Historic Johns Hopkins family home, 1868. Provides ambiance of quaint European hotel with exquisite suites. Full breakfast, private baths, a/c, wifi, Civil War and Railroad collections, antiques. 4.15.16

DANCE WE CALL dances as the Shenandoah Valley Civil War Era Dancers. All-volunteer and non-profit. Visit our website for event and practice schedules https://sites.google.com/site/ svcwed. Like us at www.facebook. com/SVCWED. 3.15.16

EVENTS JUNE 2-5, 2016 in Philippi, WV, 28th Blue & Gray Reunion commemorating first land battle of the Civil War. North and South camp sites, reenactments, ladies’ tea, Civil War ball. Contact Ed Larry at 304-457-3773 or frank.larry45@gmail.com. 6.15.16

WANTED: REAR sight (folding leaf) for 1863 Frank Wesson .44 rimfire rifle issued by B. Kitteredge & Co. Send photo and price to dbespalec@hotmail.com. 5.15.16

FUND RAISING SUPPORT MARIETTA Confederate Cemetery. 2nd Largest Confederate cemetery. Email: jkwrightesa@yahoo.com. 6.15.16

HERITAGE GROUPS CIVIL WAR descendants are invited to join Lincoln Cushing Camp No. 2 SUVCW. Our camp serves the Washington DC Metro area. www.lincolncushing.org. 6.15.16

HISTORIC SITES FORT DELAWARE Society: non profit, chartered 1950, dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of Historic Fort Delaware. www.fortdelaware.org. 5.15.16

INFORMATION WANTED G.R. WILSON inscription on scabbard for Ames Model 1850 Field and Staff Officer’s sword. Guard has been altered to CS. What is the story? Robert Bailey tombeetle@hotmail.com. 12.15.16 INFORMATION WANTED on 54th Indiana & 41st Alabama. Contact David Boswell 419-308-1447, deboswell@wcnet.org or write to 806 Brittney Ave., Bowling Green, OH 43402. 11.15.16

INTERNET CIVIL WAR reproduction muskets, uniforms, equipment, accoutrements, shooting supplies, leather goods, original musket parts and a host more. Visit www.regtqm.com for latest listing. The Regimental Quartermaster, Inc., 49 Steinwehr Ave., Gettysburg, PA 17325. 717338-1850. tf

MAIL ORDER CONFEDERATEPLANET.COM. News, articles, Civil War show calendar, blog. All collectors information on-line. 5.15.16

Civil War News

MEMBERS/ RECRUITING 10TH VIRGINIA Co. B is recruiting members. For information, please visit www.b10va.com. 12.15.16 ATTENTION TO arms. The 4th New Jersey Co. A based at the Jersey Shore is actively recruiting. Military and civilian impressions wanted. Family oriented unit participating in battles, living histories and parades. Capt. Anthony Chadwick 773-920-3039. 4.15.16 BATTERY A, 5th US Artillery “Portsmouth Light-Huger’s” is recruiting in Virginia, North Carolina and pretty much anywhere for cannoneers. Please contact Captain G at drrickgist@hotmail.com or 225326-8942. 12.15.16 CIVIL WAR Heritage Foundation is looking for individuals to portray Union & Confederate Generals. Contact Lee Houser at Lhouser2@rochester.rr.com 315462-3287. 3.15.16 93RD PA Vol. Infantry Senior member 1st Regt. FVB. Over 30 years in reenacting. Spend a weekend with us and then decide. Family-oriented. Located in South Eastern Pa. Contact Capt. D.R. Shirk: 717-933-4294. Dshirk93@comcast.net. 6.15.16 COME IN out of the draft. The 150th NY Volunteer Infantry, Dutchess County Regiment is recruiting. Eastern and Western impressions. Contact Pete Bedrossian ltpete@verizon.net or Rich Schisler rschisler@juno.com 12.15.16 ENJOY THE fun, thrill, and excitement of Civil War Reenacting. Join the 104th Pa. Volunteer Infantry, Co. C. pa104@hotmail.com or call 215-672-7791 for more information. 5.15.16 F CO. 21ST Virginia Infantry. Experienced, motivated, high standard company recruiting throughout Mid-Atlantic. Battle reenactments, living history, anniversary & educational programs. Training with experienced officers and NCOs. Become part of the best in the field. Contact Capt. Tony Turley, 804-347-0822; www.21vafco.org. 11.15.16

MIXED

ROUND TABLES

WRITER SEEKING stories from people who are unexplainably “drawn” to Gettysburg. Free copy of book for published cases. Anonymity assured. Email me at epalexander63@yahoo.com 7/15/16

BRUNSWICK CIVIL War Round Table, Southport, NC, meets on the first Tuesday of the month. Contact Wally Rueckel, president, at 910253-7382. wrueckel@questor.com brunswickcivilwarroundtable.com.

CWRT OF FREDERICKSBURG. Founded in 1957, ours is one of the oldest round tables in the nation. Four major battles of 1he Civil War were fought within 20 miles of here. We meet monthly for a catered dinner followed by a presentation by a guest speaker, frequently a nationally known author. Reservations are required, so please call 540-361-2105 for info on the next meeting. www.civilwarroundtablefredericksburg.com. Email: FredCWRT@yahoo.com. tf

HOUSTON CIVIL War Round Table meets monthly on the Third Thursday, September through May at the HESS Club, 5430 Westheimer. Visitors are welcome. Visit www.houstoncivilwar.com for additional information. tf

MUSEUM MUSEUM & CIVIL WAR TAVERN.

Open April 1 thru Oct. 15. Wade Hampton had his headquarters here during Battle of Trevilian Station. Most unusual place to see. You won’t be disappointed. Come visit us at 440 Oakland Rd., Louisa, VA 23093. 8/15/16

GRANT COTTAGE: Exit 16 off the Adirondack Northway to Mt. McGregor in New York. Open Memorial Day weekend through Columbus Day. Check hours at www.grantcottage.org or call 518584-4353. 5.15.16

PHOTOGRAPHY IMAGES FOR Sale: Stereoviews, Trans-Miss Generals & other CDV’s, Iowa GAR large format photos. Located in KC area if you want to view in person. I will travel 30 miles. Morebel50@yahoo.com or call 816-591-4457. 7.15.16 CIVIL WAR sesquicentennial photographic project. All proceeds donated to the preservation of Civil War battlefield sites. www.civilwar150photos.org. tf

POSTAL SESQUICENTENNIAL FIRST day postal covers. #6 envelopes $4-$5. Art-craft design. #10 silkscreened envelopes $8-$10. Contact Matt Farina at mafarina@aol. com for details and availability. All proceeds go to battlefield preservation.

RESEARCH SERVICES

JOIN THE 8th Ohio. Reenacting for over 30 years. Authentic unit and founding member of the National Regiment. Be part of one of the oldest and best units still active in the hobby. Location not an issue, we have members from Michigan to North Carolina, centered in Northern Ohio. 8thovi@att.net. 5.15.16

“RECORDS OF History”: Pension and military records from the National Archives, American Revolution to Spanish-American War. Great for collectors or family history. Reasonable fees, no charge until found. John Emond Phone: 301-384-2809. Historyrecords@aol.com 01.15.17

REYNOLDS’ BATTERY L, 1st NY Light Artillery, the largest reenactment batter in NYS is seeking members from upstate NY, Northern PA and Northeastern Ohio to help service its complement of three 3” Ordnance Rifles and traveling Battery Forge. Calendar includes full schedule of school days, living histories, local, regional and national reenactments. Family friendly and all impressions related to the life of a Civil War cannoneer including civilian welcome. www. Reynloldsbattery.org

ROUND TABLES

ACTIVELY RECRUITING for the 13th Massachusetts in the New England area. You can follow us and join our Facebook page. 6.15.16

April 2016

ALABAMA CIVIL War Round Table in Birmingham, Alabama meets at 6 p.m. the second Thursday of each month except Dec., June, July and Aug. at the Vestavia Hills library on Highway 31. For more information, see our website at www. civilwaralabama.org. 8.15.16 AUSTIN, TX CWRT meets 3rd Thursday, September to June for dinner followed by a guest speaker, frequently a nationally known author and/or historian. Visit www.austincivilwar.org. Questions, contact electronic mailbox: 512-916-3412. 11.15.16

CINCINNATI CWRT meets at Drake Center, third Thursday each month, September through May. Reservations for dinner are required. Details can be found at www.cincinnaticwrt.org. Like us on Facebook. 12.15.16 FRANKLIN CWRT meets second Sunday every month in the “Community Room” at the Franklin Police Complex. Speakers and authors on various Civil War related topics. Primarily Middle Tennessee focused. Free and open to the public. Contact Greg Wade at Greglwade@yahoo.com. KNOXVILLE CIVIL War Round Table meets 7 p.m. 2nd Tuesday each month at the Beardon Banquet Hall, 5048 Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN For more information see our website at www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/-tnkewr/KCWET/Welcome.html. 5.15.16

New Meeting Location Civil War Round Table of

Chicago. Holiday Inn O’Hare, 5615 N. Cumberland, Chicago IL; free parking; Second Fridays. Come for dinner or attend lecture only for $10. 630-4601865; chicagocwrt.org. 3.15.16

MICHIGAN REGIMENTAL CWRT meets 6:30 pm 1st Monday of month except for May (preceding Monday) and December (no meeting). Farmington Public Library, 23500 Liberty St., Farmington, MI 48335. www.farmlib.org/ mrrt. 6.15.16 NEW YORK City’s original Round table. Founded 1951, September-June meetings, location mid-Manhattan, dinner speakers, battlefield tour, prestigious Fletcher Pratt and Barondess/Lincoln awards. Guests and new members always welcome. Contact cwrtnyc1@gmail.com 718-3419811; www.cwrtnyc.org. 5.15.16 THE CIVIL War Round Table of Greater Boston meets on the 4th Friday of each month from September to May (except November and December) at 7 p.m. at The Community Room, downstairs, of The Arthur Clark Government Center Building on 119 School St. Waltham. Contact: Dave Smith at 781-647-3332, www.cwrtgb.com cwrtmass@comcast.net. tf

Advertisers In This Issue: American Digger Magazine....................... 23 Antietam Battlefield Guides.......................33 Antique Ordnance Publishers....................21 Army of Tennessee Relics.............................7 Artilleryman Magazine...............................35 Bear River Powder........................................18 Beaufort Naval Armorers............................22 Brian & Maria Green...................................18 C. Clayton Thompson.................................27 Canister Publishing.....................................11 Civil War Antique Shop..............................22 Civil War Recreations..................................37 Civil War Trust.............................................43 Collum Antiques............................................8 Dell’s Leather Works................................... 11 Dixie Gun Works Inc................................. 23 Eel River Traders..........................................24 Fair Oaks Sutler............................................10 Fugawee.com..........................................12, 43 Gettysburg: The Quest For Meaning.........27 Gunsight Antiques...................................... 25 Harpers Ferry Civil War Guns...................23 Heavenly Harvest Inc.................................. 22 Henry Deeks.................................................10 Historical Ordnance Works........................35 The Horse Soldier.........................................20 James Country Mercantile..........................26 Kimberly Brigance Appraiser.....................31 Legendary Arms Inc.....................................7 Long Bay Salvage......................................... 10 The Maine Powder House.......................... 23 The Maryland Sutler....................................22 Mercury Supply Company Sutler...............28 Mike Brackin................................................28 Military Images Magazine.......................... 27 Mowbrary Publishing................................. 33

THE ROCKY Mountain Civil War Round Table meets the second Thursday every month at the Columbine United Church, 6375 South Platte Canyon Road, Littleton, Colorado, at 7:00 pm. Website: www.rockymtncivilwarrt. com. 6.15.16 ST. LOUIS, Missouri Civil War Round Table meets the 4th Wednesday each month from September 10 May (except November) and 1st Wednesday of December at Royale Orleans. www.civilwarstlouis.org for more information. 3.15.16 TENNESSEE VALLEY Civil War Round Table, Huntsville, Alabama. Meets the second Thursday every month (except December) at 6:30 pm. Visit www.tvcwrt.org or call 256-278-5533. Come share our passion! 11.15.16 WESTERN RESERVE CWRT - our 50th year. Cleveland area. Meets at Baldwin-Wallace University student union, Berea, Ohio at 6:30 p.m. on the second Wednesday. Contact George 440570-0009, grolleston@aol.com. 11.15.16 YORK CWRT meets the 3rd Wednesday of each month except December, 7 p.m., York County Heritage Trust, 250 E. Market St., York, PA. Please contact: Lila Fourhman-Shaull at 717-8481585. Ext. #223. 5.15.16

Deadlines for advertising is April 1 for the May issue. Panther Lodges.................................................................. 11 The Regimental Quartermaster....................................... ..8 Richard A. LaPosta........................................................... 25 Sharpshooter Book CFS Press.........................................26 Suppliers to the Confederacy...........................................29 Trail Head Graphics..........................................................15 Quartermaster Shop..........................................................19 W. Britain..............................................................................9

Events:

The Aftermath of War.......................................................36 Atlanta, The Shenandoah, & The Turn To Total War....33 Battle of Bethesda Church................................................39 Battle of Resaca..................................................................42 Battle of Sacramento.........................................................38 Camp Nelson Civil War Days..........................................42 Civil War Tours..................................................................37 DiPrete Promotions, Inc...................................................37 Fort Pocahontas Civil War Weekend..............................39 Gentell Arts Academy.......................................................42 Gettysburg Civil War Battle Reenactment.....................38 Image of War Seminar...................................................... 36 Jackson’s Raid 155th Anniversary....................................39 J.E.B. Stuart at Gettysburg................................................38 MKShows, Mike Kent.................................................18, 41 Ohio Civil War Show..................................................26, 29 Paths of Destruction.........................................................33 Remembrance Day Dinner & Ball..................................42 Rock Island Auction Company.......................................48 St. Louis Civil War Ball.....................................................39 Union Bound Movie...................................................14, 30 White Plains, KY Civil War Festival...............................36 Zurko’s Midwest Promotions.......................................7, 40

Civil War News

April 2016

SOUVENIRS

USED GEAR

WANTED: 150th Civil War Anniversary “diamond shaped” lapel pins. Need Kennesaw Mountain, Shiloh, Corinth, President Street Station pins. Were a common design issued for many NPS battlefields and forts. Contact Walt, wha2kasper@yahoo.com. 4.15.16

WANTED: CASH paid for your used muskets, pistols, tents, camp gear, uniforms, brogans, and anything that the reenactor could possibly use. Email: marylandsutler@pa.net. tf

TOURS

AWARD WINNING DVDs “Spotsylvania”, “Perryville!” “Franklin: Five Hours in the Valley of Death!” (Emmy Winner) Order via paypal at robertleehodge.com. Historians agree that these films are the best films made on these battles. 4.15.16

DC MILITARY Tours. Booth escape tour, Manassas staff rides and defenses of Washington tour guided by a trained military historian. Get inside access to Capitol Region Civil War sites. www.dcmilitarytour.com; info@dcmilitarytour.com. 7.15.16

UNIFORMS MISS SUSAN’S Socks. Period correct, 100% wool, hand-knit, warm, comfortable. $25. Orderline 315-276-1878. Available at East Coast events from Tophat’s Sutlery. www.tophatssutlery.com 5.15.16

VIDEO

Last Raid at Cabin Creek – Ride along with Stand

Watie on one of the most daring raids of the war – the Confederacy’s greatest victory in the Indian Nations. Award winning 90-minute documentary available as a download rental, download purchase or as a DVD at Amazon.com. 4.15.16

WAGONS

USED GEAR BERDAN SHARPSHOOTER frock coat, dark green, lined, $100. U.S. light blue great coat, size 48/50, from Jarnagin, $100. Civil War “A” tent, approximately 7’x7’, no poles, $100. Call 703-906-5621. 6.15.16 CONFEDERATE PANTS, size 40, length 30 inches, jean wool, slightly used. $40 plus shipping. Email pasnyder@yahoo.com. 6.15.16

FOR SALE: Civil War style covered wagon. Used at reenactments. Located in upstate NY. $500. For pictures email: mmarchand@americoninc.com. 5.15.16

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WOOD HAYCOCK WOOD Company: Civil War reproductions. Lanterns, tables, stools, toys and more. Norman and Arlene Scott, 1200 Mountain View Dr., Quakertown, PA. 18951. 11.15.16

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Civil War News

April 2016

ROCK ISLAND AUCTION COMPANY® PRESENT A

PREMIERE FIREARMS AUCTION

APRIL 29 , 30 TH

3 Day Live Public Auction

MAY 1

ST Over 2700 Lots

True to form, RIAC once again offers collectors and investment buyers an unbelievable opportunity to own world class firearms that are not only exceedingly rare but historically significant. We are proud and deeply honored to have been chosen to market at auction the legendary Robert “The Bear” Bretherton Collection of European and American Semi-Automatic pistols, American Civil War Arms, Classic European high art arms, American and European sporting rifles and swords, incredible Colt revolvers, Winchester rifles and their competitors of the west, and combat and prototype arms of the allied and axis powers. Along with the Bretherton Collection we are equally proud to welcome the return of the Putnam Green/Sycamore Collection, the Piedmont Collection of World Class Kentucky Flintlocks and High End European Arms, the Royal Hunt Collection of Imperial German Hunting Trophies, the Walker West Collection, the Dr. Peters Collection and the John H. Bill Collection of Rare European Semi-automatic Pistols.

Extraordinary Civil War Ball Repeating Carbine

Scarce Confederate Fayetteville Armory Percussion Rifle-Musket Magnificent Deluxe Factory Hoggson Engraved, Gold-Plated New Haven Arms Co. First Model Henry Lever Action Rifle

Rare and Excellent U.S. Contract Civil War Ball & William Ballard Rimfire Carbine

Scarce and Extraordinary Warner Carbine

Historic Presentation Inscribed Early Production New Haven Arms Co. Henry Lever Action Rifle Serial Number 1111

Superb Gilt Decorated and Cased Civil War Era Ball, Tompkins & Black Honor Sword, Presented by the Governor of Illinois to General John Cook for Gallant Action at the Siege of Fort Donelson

Rare Butterfield Army Model Percussion Revolver

Historic Ball, Thompson & Black Presentation Grade Sword with Gilt Silver Figural Hilt and Scabbard Inscribed to William H. Bissell, Colonel in the MexicanAmerican War, Veteran of the Battle of Buena Vista, and Governor of the State of Illinois

Rare Documented Civil War Confederate Leech and Rigdon Percussion Revolver

Historic, Inscribed, Civil War Savage Navy Revolver

Rare Civil War Confederate LeMat 2nd Model Revolver

Rare Confederate Griswold & Gunnison Navy Type Revolver with Civil War Holster

Nearly 300 Civil War and early U.S. Military arms in this auction

Exceptional Historic Christmas Dated Presentation Deluxe Cased, Factory Engraved, and Silver Plated Starr Arms Model 1858 Army Double Action Revolver with Accessories

® The World Leader for Quality Collectable and Antique Firearms

Extraordinary Factory Cased Colt Model 1848 Baby Dragoon Pocket Revolver with Rammer

FULL-COLOR ONLINE CATALOG COMING SOON!

To Order Your Full-Color 3-Volume Set Catalog Call (800) 238-8022 ($60 Inc. S&H)

RIAC IS ALWAYS ACCEPTING CONSIGNMENTS!

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THERE IS NO LIMIT TO WHAT WE CAN BUY!

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