Art
IN TRANSIT
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Fiza Jha Thesis Project
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INTRO What is this project? Why take this project?
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EVOLUTION OF IDEAS Seminar 1 Seminar 2
PROTOTYPE PHASE DESIGNURU CREATING MAP
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INITIAL RESEARCH Research lens Immersion in public art
CURATION Curatorial Process Site maps
FINAL CONCEPT Curatorial Process Site maps
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SITE ANALYSIS Context/location Looking at metro as site
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RESEARCH & EXPLORATION Understanding Context Form exploration Iterations
BIBLIOGRAPHY Curatorial Process Site maps
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INTRODUCTION
What is Art in Transit ? Art in Transit is an art and design collective, which works with the BMRCL (Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited) to further their vision of Bangalore, and create art and design interventions in metro stations. The first chapter of the collective’s work was set in the Peenya Metro Station of Bangalore. This chapter, of which I have had the opportunity to be a part of, is focusing on the upcoming metro stations of Vidhan Soudha and Cubbon Park. A lot of emphasis is placed on the rooting work in context and to evolve ideas of what site specificity is and why it is important.
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Why I took this project ? Being a spatial design student, and someone who is interested in exhibition design, set design, as well as art history and curation, the project seemed extremely exciting. The public art scene in India has started to thrive now, and as someone who is particularly interested in Biennale formats and the idea of site specificity, the project was something which seemed important to engage with. Having never dealt with the idea of the ‘public’, or worked in a public space context, it was a challenging process to keep in mind the politics of space, site, the larger themes running of the city, it’s history and narratives. Apart from just the ‘public’ nature of the project, it also seemed promising because of the affiliation with the Bangalore Metro. The metro as a transit system is a huge enabler for people, and the city. This chapter of Art in Transit was looking at the Vidhan Soudha and Cubbon Park metro station, which are centrally located, so I felt it would be interesting from a user/footfall point of view of visibility of our work, as well as context of site.
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INITIAL RESEARCH
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Mobility
I was interested in the idea of mobility in a urban city like Bangalore and what are the factors that govern it. I was keen on trying to understand the politics of mobility, how different modes and form of mobility vary in availablity and access to different classes of people and for what reasons. To understand the nature of how something like mobility plays out in a city, I realized that I would also try to understand the constraints, and for this I needed to attempt to understand the pressure of mobility, transport and transit systems and ideas of development and a growing influx of people from varied backgrounds and different classes are becoming inhabitants of Bangalore over the years.
Politics of Mobility
To further understand how these issues of urban disparity in terms of economic class, access and population play out, I studied Mobility scholar and Human Geographer, Tim’s Cresswell’s theories on the politics of mobility. He describes both the layered interesting aspects of traveling and being mobile, as well as the different layers of the politics behind it.
More than just getting from Point A to B
TRAVEL
EXPLORATION
COMMUTING
Movement - Geographical displacement. Who moves where? How do to make a line on a map more rich, socially relevant and interesting? Meaning - Who makes meanings or narratives? 1) Goverment, town planners, urban planners. 2) People from the Arts/Humanities How We Move - Leisure or toil? Private space (for eg. car) or public space (for eg. bus) ? Mobility resources distributed differently between people and classes.
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The Politics of Mobility
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The reason why we travel : An internal or external force is what drives us to want to or have to move in the first place. It could be willpower, desire, intention or compulsion. It could be wanting to go for a movie with friends, or it could be having to the construction site for the day’s work, or it could be to take a leisurely drive at night, or it could be to go visit a specialist medical centre at the end of the city. This need or want can tell us about the reasons to travel, the modes suitable to travel etc.
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Human Geography and mobility scholar Tim Cresswell talks about the hierarchy which exists in mobility. The spectrum could be seen as the rich and elite being the most mobile, comfortable and welcome everywhere they move to, and at the other end the lowest classes are relatively immobile, often forced to move around when they don’t want to or unable to move when they do want to, whilst being uncomfortable and not welcome everywhere.
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Speed of travel : This could be considered the politics of velocity, or speed. It could be said that to achieve optimal mobility could also mean being able to move from point A to point B as quickly as possible. It could be seen as the ability to have access or to be able to afford better technology or modes of transoport to move faster.
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Mobility Rhythm : This could refer to either intervals of mobility where one kind of mobility happens in particular sets of time repeatedly over and over again, or it can refer to relationship between mobility and immobility where stopping and starting happens. For eg. in terms of travelling by bus or train, where there are particular intervals or time slots which affect when you can use them, and they also have stops, so the journey has a certain rhythm, as opposed to be a more seamless journey in a personal car.
“When - how - where we move is as important as where we live.� 4
The routes that mobility takes : This refers to how mobility is channeled, and the lines and routes that are created or followed as a result of moving around. For instance, routes may be better planned and better developed for cars, than for cyclists or pedestrians. Mobility is made easy or difficult by routing the connections made. Airport highways are the best example of this. Do you have to pay for the privelege to move faster and more directly from point A to B?
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The experience of travel : There is an obvious politics in the different modes of mobility affect the experience of moving around. For instance, note the differences between flying, driving, going to by train, going by bus. Even within these modes, you pay different amounts of money based on the different experiences you want while travelling, eg. the difference in flying first class vs. flying domestic. Even for a pedestrian, what are the amenities in what area to cross a road, via a zebra crossing or a footover bridge, how wide or even, or even existent are the foothpaths.
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Friction in mobility : This refers to where and why does mobility stop, what are the points of friction that occur whilst moving around. There is no such thing as frictionless travel and the kind of friction can vary. For instance, we can think about the various forms of security that exists in urban environment, CCTV cameras, gated communities, the various kinds of spaces you can access or not access. Friction can also be created by the number of signals, the amount of traffic, the state of the roads. All these factors affect the nature of flow in or out of a city.
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Cycle Lanes in Bangalore BBMP along with DULT (Development of Urban Land Transport) has created cycle lanes in HSR Layout in Bangalore. Previously, they spent about Rs. 2.5 crores on creating cycling tracks in Jayanagar, but the project was a failure as there was no means of enforcement of rules and it eventually became a parking space. The new project has seen a budget of 18.5 crores, with an estimated 300-400 people who use cyclists as a daily mode of transport along with the presence of a very large cycling club in the area. Bangalore has quite a large number of cycling clubs which promote health and fitness, and see the use of expensive equipment and cycles. This project will be a 22km stretch out of which 12 km is just for cyclists and the rest will see mixes tracks for cyclists and pedestrians. There are parking spaces also being created so that that problem is looked into and does not have the same fate as Jayanagar. The tracks are made of resin based cold mix and expensive color coated glass aggregated paint which is expensive but apparently skid resistant, and there will also be barricades for them. The real challenge is enforcement of rules, as well as coordination among the various agencies involved in the project. DULT has planned and funded the project, while the BBMP will overlook the execution. And hopefully the traffic police will ensure continued enforcement of rules. Delhi has seen the creation of cycling tracks in the past where the BRT was implemented, with a clearly demarcated track and plants separating motorized road networks from the tracks, but was eventually hijacked by two wheelers bikes. The user feedback has included suggestions of instead creating nonmotorised, only cycle based zones within neighbourhoods to facilitate movement. Also, looking at long stretches of roads without junctions and fast moving areas like the outer ring road.
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Newly constructed cycling lanes in HSR
A 35 metre long cycle lane laid on a pilot basis at HSR Layout
Documentary Film : Our Metropolis
A still from the film showing displaced and demolished property. Our Metropolis, by Gautam Sonti and Usha Rao, is a documentary which talks of the negative impact of the Bangalore metro on the city. The film focuses the gap between the city and the metro, instead of being on either side of the fence, what are the ways in which the gap can be filled. The film is a great critique in terms of asking the question of how ‘development’ is aligned with vision of the future of the city, and what and whose vision this is. The questions though, that arose for me, are what lessons can be learnt? How can we actively reflect upon the things that have gone wrong, minimize damage, and come up with a model of checks and balances to assure that absolute abuse of power and oblivion grievances at the ground level does not occur again and again.
What are the ways in which we can create a collaborative and inclusive model of policy making and planning in a consultative manner, whilst taking account of macro AND micro concerns? What is really important, the macro or the micro? Or neither, because each are equally important. The narrative is woven in such a way that the film leaves you angry and heart wrenched about the ignorance of particular goverment bodies and the displacement and mistreatment of affected citizens respectively. But it also represents a narrow view of larger actions. Certain parts of the film struck chords within me and left me what lots of complicated questions, more than complaints. The one word which kept swirling about in my head while I watched the film, was balance. A need for balance, a quest for balance. The debate about what is a public space and is it really for the public space was a large theme in this movie, and is important part of mainstream discourse today at a time when private companies and parties have huge stakes in our cities. It brings up really important questions of stakeholders, entitlement and lobbying for private pursuits. But it is also a current reality that in a lot of circumstances it is efficient and profitiable for the goverment to hand over a lot of public works and building commisions over to private entities. What impact this may have to the interests of the larger public, and how democracy can be maintained is something that has to be negotiated. The film also touches upon a very strong sense of nostalgia that lingers palpably in the city, constrasted with the reality of rapid change. What is the point where we can achieve letting go of the past, and acknowledging the present, and trying to minimize damage to the essence of the physical and social fabric of the city in the future?
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Artist Talk : Aapki Sadak by Aastha Chauhan
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Trust and respect - This is crucial to earn if you are an outsider, but even if you are not, people are always suspicious and unconvinced of community efforts of others and their agenda. Trust and respect is also a mutual dynamic, one which needs to be sans bias or assumptions of any kind of superiority or inferiority of anyone.
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Listen and respond - Before making assumptions about what are the problems, why they exist and what their solutions are, it is important to listen. This involves not just conversations, but also unbiased observations over time. In Aastha’s example, she only realized the rich potential of oral histories and knowledge about home remedies by listening to people, and her response to it was to add or enhance this knowledge by archiving it and creating a radio show, in a sense for them and by them (gharelu nuskhe/muft ki salah).
Aastha’s work over that last decade in Khirkee village, an urban village of sorts bang in the middle of plush South Delhi, is inspiring but also evidently tedious. The project included a range of intervations carried out over the course of many years.The work was a combination of being simple and complex, short term and long term, fun and serious. Her account was honest one, which spoke greatly of insights she gained not only by successes but by numerous failures. These are a few things I took away from her presentation and her body of work with respect to community art practice, context building and finally affecting change.
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Time and patience- Her efforts in Khirkee showed that engagement only runs true and deep, and even fruitful, over a large period of time. There are no overnight solutions, and to really understand a space and a set of people, interaction and relationships must be maintained across a considerable span of time to yield results.
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What really is a community effort - Aap ki Sadak involved everyone from KHOJ, to the local people of all classes and all ages, it involved architects who lived in the area and understood it’s problems, it included residents of not only Khirkee but Malviya Nagar and other nearby neighbourhoods, it involved the children of the neighbourhood, it involved artists, designers, some NGOs and finally the muncipality and the goverment.
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Big and small picture - From conducting art workshops to engage the children of the neighbourhood, to introducing them to hip-hop culture, to trying to be inclusive of the African community by hosting a food festival, to involving the entire community in a sustained and collaborative manner to figure out issues of parking, water logging and congestion, big and small issues of culture building, civic organistion, community building were addressed simultaneously.
Insights and reflection All this research made apparent the fact that community related projects require long and sustained efforts. Artists and designers have the unique role to be both and a listener, and someone who expresses and creates a platform for themselves to be heard, and the potentially in that process, make others heard as well. Projects also can be varied in their form, content and magnitude. There is a lot of trials and errors to be made. One must maintain a balance in their oppinions and approaches, and work over time to understand space, people and communities. Entering a new space and creating an intervention is a huge responsibility and to be an effective public art practitioner is a complex process where one has to play various roles.
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SITE ANALYSIS
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This project is in collaboration with the BMRCL. The rapid transit system in Bangalore aims to create a more connected and mobile city. It is in it’s first phase of construction, and the two stations we are working with fall on the purple line. Cubbon Park and Vidhan Soudha are centrally located and both very important places in Bangalore, falling under the Central Business District of the city.
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Vidhan Soudha The Vidhan Soudha metro stations sits in the central part of the city which is the seat of power. The stations are placed right outside the gates of the State secratariat office of Vidhan Soudha and the High Court. Apart from that, it is also walking distance from other goverment offices such as the BESCOM office, the Karnataka State Pensioners Associations, GPO etc. So the footfall will be one of regular commuters, of lawyers, beaureacrats, goverment officials etc.
Above - Map of location of metro stations Front page - views of Vidhan Soudha and High Court from the entrance of the metro station.
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Floor plans of the Vidhan Soudha Metro station
Unpaid Area - Entrance/Foyer, Payment Counter, Paid Area - Area beyond turnstand, Concourse
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Platform
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Cubbon Park Cubbon Park is considered the ‘lung of the city’. The stations are close to the park itself, the big goverment and commerical offices on that street like Canara Bank, BSNL, the Press Club, Hindustran Aeronatical Limited (HAL). One exit is also close to the Chinnaswamy Stadium, which can be expected to be the cause of major footfall.
Above - Map of location of metro stations Cubbon Park Front page - views of Vidhan Soudha and High Court from the entrance of the metro station.
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Floor plans of the Cubbon Park Metro station
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Food Culture Map As part of an initial exercise to understand context, and find lenses through which we could understand context and immerse ourselves in it, we were given the task of trying to understand the food culture of the space. My group looked at Dr. Ambedkar Road, which apart from housing the High Court and Vidhan Soudha, has a number of other goverment offices like the GPO, Karnataka State Coffee Board, BESCOM Office etc.
Hence, the crowd was one of office goers, lawyers, beaureacrats, apart from guards, auto drivers etc. What we found was there was a combination of office canteens and food vendors at play, but what was surprising was the number of people who visited the multiple fruit vendors for lunch. We also found an interested Mutton brain (bheja fry) stall, and a small vegetable market catering to the employees of the buildings around.
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We ended up creating a map of what we found, in terms of types of different options and experiences that were found in the area, to the usage patterns in terms of time.
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Site Visit Going to the site was extremely exciting. First, of all it set my imagination go wild. Studying Spatial design in Srishti has often involved just a lot of imagining, and hypothetical scenarios. To be in this live site, and also one that is under construction importantly, was very interesting. On gaining access to this restricted site of a public metro station in the midst of it’s completion, the knowledge that we have an opportunity to contribute it to it’s structure, and subsequently be part of the everyday routines of all it’s commuters, made the privelege of being a part of this project apparent. Creating art, or in this case, some visual art, or a sculptural installation was always something to think about in this context. But upon visiting the site, I also started actively thinking about how design intervention could be very fruitful in creating smoother systems, or even making mundane tasks or experiences more memorable. I started beginning to veer to making something functional.
My on-site analysis was carried out by 1) Observation 2) Sketching 3) Photographs 4) Conversations with the metro’s staff- construction workers, security heads etc. I was looking at : 1) Scale and Size 2) Areas which would have heavy footfall 3) Potential circulation patterns, navigation and eye-movement 4) Rhythm of spaces - waiting areas, rushed areas 5) High usages vs less usage areas 6) Ergonomics of space - Width of staircase, platforms etc.
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EVOLUTION OF IDEAS
TEXT AS ART/ WAYFINDING CREATING A GRAPHIC LANGUAGE AND VOICE THROUGH THE SPACE SUBVERSIVE, WITTY OR THOUGHT PROVOKING
INTERNAL/ EXTERNAL WAYFINDING WORKING ON ORIENTATION INSIDE THE METRO STATION AS WAYFINDING OR INFO ABOUT WHAT IS ABOVE, AND OUTSIDE AS INFRO ABOUT SITE AND PART O F THE CITY
PEDESTRIAN WAYFINDING FOR CUBBON PARK
DRAWING PEOPLE TO WALK IN THE PARK - TO EXPLORE IT, OR USE GREEN PATCH IN THE HEART OF THE CITY TO WALK THROUGH TO GET FROM POINT A TO B. LOOKING AT WAYFINDING
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MAPPING CUBBON PARK CREATING AN EXPERIENTIAL MAP OF CUBBON PARK - IN TERMS OF PEOPLE’S INTERACTION, MEMORY, WAYS OF INHABITING SPACE, ECOLOGY, LEISURE. TRYING TO FIND WAYS OF VALUE ADDITION
My concepts and plans for the project kept changing from day one to the end of the project, based on what aspects of ‘public art’ projects seemed interesting to me, what facets of the site appealed to me, what research I was engaging in and finally what references and inspirations I was drawing from in informing my work. This chapter look at the evolution of my ideas through the course of this term of Art in Transit, by looking at the references and projects I was inspired by and why I wanted to adapt them, or derive from them while working on our site and context.
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Seminar 1
Wayfinding/ Text as Art I started look at text as form. These were some of my reasons for doing so; 1) Firstly, the ability to consume the text quickly in what can be imagined as a fleeting experience of transit in a public space. 2) Secondly, the ability of the text placed in different places to tie up the space in some way, with the same tone and voice talking to you throughout, like a tight curatorial strategy. 3) It’s ability to take on different themes and meanings 4) Depending on form, it’s ability to blend in with the environment or space.
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Simultaneously I was also looking at the concept of wayfinding, as something that has it’s own graphic language and identity and is able to make a place unqiue, also providing sense of orientation and navigation. These were some of my initial research questions guiding my process.
How can the dynamic between the user and the space be questioned and used as material for an intervention or an experiment? How can wayfinding and the concept of place-making activate the space around and within the metro station, in functional or meaning-making ways? How can my project aid, enhance or enrich navigation/ movement within, to or from the site? How can the written word, or text, be used in the space to engage viewers in different ways – aiding the transit process in a functional way, make meaning of the experience, or act as a tool to provoke thought?
In This work at Peenya was doing by Srishti students, text was generated through a series of conversations with different passengers going in and out of the metro.
Jenny Holzer’s ‘PROJECTIONS’ series looks at light and space, in a public setting at a massive scale making it a dramatic set of work.
The Southwark Council and the Cross River Partnership created a project back in 2002 called Light at the End of the Tunnel, where a number of light instillations have been installed to improve safety and aid the regeneration of the area, with artist Ron Haselden.
Art on the Underground is an organisation and artist collective who have been working with the London Tube Metro for almost a decade.This image was part of a final year project by a student of Central Saint Martins pursuing Art Writing, where he created text based interventions relating to the poetics of traveling by the Tube.
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Urban Wayfinding ‘Tate to Tube’ is a signage system which uses existing street furniture to guide the way from Southwark tube station to Tate Modern and back. What I found interesting : The use of ‘street furniture’ of the cityscape, as a means of breadcrumbs which lead you places.
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Subway Poetry The poem “A Commuter’s Lament, or a Close Shave,” by Norman B. Colp, in Eighth Avenue and Seventh Avenue subway lines at Times Square in New York. What I found interesting : The play on the mundane experience of every day commute, and the sense of wit in the poetry. The breaking up of the poem in different parts of the space is also an interesting tactic.
“ Overslept / So tired / If late /
Get fired / Why bother? / Why the pain? / Just go home / Do it again.
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Text - art, poems, narratives I began to look at the idea of using text as art - how it was used as fragemented poem, or related to the journey of the metro, or was displayed in interesting ways like lenticular or anamorphic effects. Photos above - clockwise :
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Wayfinding - graphics, directional signage I also looked at interesting ways of applying wayfinding graphics to space. I looked at scale, color and application in space.
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Visualisations I had decided to base my interventions inside the metro station. The idea was create a sense of orientation for the passenger from the point of arriving at the platform, to leaving the station. On the following page are Some visualisations of ideas I was working with. 1) Text on the staircase, to give an idea of what which particular exit leads to.
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2) Creating information about which side what exit leads to right from the platform. 3) Creating a kiosk at the exit, which could you give you further information about the area, what to do, and how to navigate through it. 4) Text which could serve wayfinding purposes as well as have a playful tone, and have some bits of poetry or thought provoking messages.
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Insights and Feedback Text - In terms of looking at text as an interesting element of the space, I was interested in the graphic quality of it, and was interested in the idea of creating narrative. But I did not really have any concrete ideas on how to build these narrative, or who it would really be speaking to. Language is a loaded tool, and also a political one. Wayfinding - In terms of wayfinding, I was essentially interested in the idea of orientation and disorientation. But I realised I was looking at it too simplistically. On one end, I wanted to create a continuous sense of orientation and informed decision making in terms of navigation right from the point of getting off the platform, till the point of exiting. But I was also interested in the journey, post leaving the metro station. So it was become too widespread, and since there already exists internal wayfinding, and I would only be playing the role of plugging the wholes in the current system, I decided to focus my interest on the journey, or the movement of the passengers after leaving the metro station.
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Seminar 1
Pedestrian wayfinding Although a system like the metro will be a great enabler for mobility and commute in a large, urban city like Bangalore. It doesn’t address the issue of last mile connectivity. In the particular case of the Cubbon Park metro stations, which is where my intervention will lie, a lot of the places around are very easy and accessible to walk to. So I wanted to explore the idea of pedestrian wayfinding. I wanted to do this through Cubbon Park, because firsly being an almost 300 acre park, it could be helpful for people to find their way through the park itself. In a lot of instances, it is also a shorter and more enjoyable walk through the park, and it opens out to many important streets and circles of the area. Furthermore, I wanted to explore what are the routes of interest, or value, that I could bring out or highlight. So I was also looking at the idea of curating walks, or trails in the space.
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WAYFINDING?
Spatial problem solving
Routes/ Pathways Easier navigation
Creating cognitive/mental maps Environmental Graphics Form, Color, Shape
Visual Cues Routes, pathways
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Pedestrian wayfinding This city map of London is extremely comprehensive, very easy to use, and is installed regularly as ‘You are here’ maps. You never have to ask for directions while finding your way. Furthermore, apart from connecting you to the Bus line and the Tube line, it allows you to orient yourself well and walk large distances. It also gives some information about where to go, where to eat etc.
What interested me : The vast amount of useful information this map has the ability to convey. It allows you to explore the city at your own pace, but also make inform walking/travelling decisions.
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Trail Maps I began to look at trail maps, as a way to get ideas of how to create routes or ‘curated pathways’. What I found was mostly biking and hiking pathways. What interested me: The way in which the idea of trail adds a human, ‘user’ element to an almost informational document like a map. I also was interested in the time x distance aspect of it.
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Walk NYC This was a pedestrian wayfinding project done in New York. What was unique about the project was the ‘heads up’ navigation system employed to create the maps. This is similar to the navigate on Google Maps or on our phones, where you see the city from your perspective and orientation as opposed to the traditional conventions of a north on top, south at the bottom way of creating and looking at maps.
Legible London The Legible London is a huge project in London, it’s concept represents the most comprehensive and innovative approach to implementing a wayfinding system in a global city and seeks to provide better support for the millions who walk around the city every day. Most people would use the Tube map of London to navigate through the city till this project came along.
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Insights and Feedback The feedback I received was about how the project aimed to be functional and usable, but lacked the personality of cubbon park, and I needed to make the project more artistic. I need to further work on the layers, and articulate them. What was needed was to step back, and look at the larger idea of what the park was and what it meant as a public space. I then proceeded to work on the ‘experiential’ aspects of the park more, and try to sharpen those. The next phase was just looking at the project in a less functional, but conceptual sense, and tried to interact with people, go for a series of walks, and generate insight and content. An aesthetic and experiential layer is what I needed to work on, to draw people to the park, and also in terms of interacting with my structure/ piece itself. I also began to move away from the idea of many repeating elements, giving cues of wayfinding, as I felt that would not be in sync with the visual nature of the park, and also felt that the park did not need any added elements because the flora and fauna of the park is rich and beautiful. The idea of walks and trails started to seem dictative.
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RESEARCH AND EXPLORATION
What is Cubbon Park? Where is it? Cubbon Park is a landmark located in the heart of the city, and is considered the ‘lung’ area of the Bangalore city. It is located in the Central Administrative Area, as well as extremely close to commercial spaces such as UB City, St. Mark’s Road, and is considered a tourist haven. The park can be seen as a gateway to learning history of the politics of Bangalore, in terms of the buildings, statues and monuments that can be found here, as well as of the flora and fauna. It also has a rich cultural identity with the Goverment museum, gallery, Aquarium etc, all located within or around. Over the years it has seen a shift from being the centre of social activity, to eventually becoming synomous with Bangalore’s identity of being a ‘Garden City’, and eventually now a hub for exercise and fitness enthusiasts, tourists, apart from anyone just seeking leisure and quite in the bustling city. It is probably the only traditionally non-fenced park.
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As the map in the following page shows, the park is located in the prime central part of the city. There are many different layers operating in this space, which all have their own distinct identity; The area holds the power institutions of politics and beauracracy - the High Court,Vidhan Soudha, goverment offices like Reserve Bank of India. The area has a lot of cultural institutions, some of which are popular tourist spots - Visveraya Industrial and Technological Museum, Goverment Museum,Venkatappa Art Gallery, State Central Library, Goverment Aquarium. These places can also represent the idea of leire for the masses, There are also places like UB City, and Lavelle Road in the vicinity which represent a new era of commercial, capitilistic spaces, with shops, expensive restaurants and high value property.
M CHINNASWAMY STADIUM
BAL BHAVAN
TENNIS ASSOCIATION
RESERVE BANK OF INDIA
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Why this intervention? - To draw users of the metro to Cubbon Park, creating curiosity and a sense of exploration - To enable easier navigation - To create a sense of identification, association with the space - enable them to create mental maps of the space. - To move away form GPS technology of maps and encourage people to engage with their surroundings - To explore the question of “What does Google Maps not tell you about a place?� - and try to fill that gap - To encourage pedestrian activity - A project mapping Cubbon Park is full of potential and possibilities
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Open street map of Cubbon Park with pathways
Google Map of Cubbon Park with only roadways
EXITS WALKING ROUTES (GOOGLE) WALKING ROUTES - ROADS AND PATHWAYS
Movement/Navigation To study the movement in Cubbon Park, I looked at Google Map’s and it’s suggested routes for pedestrian and motor activity. The routes for pedestrian activity were extremely limited, showing footpaths along the roadsways within and around Cubbon Park. This does not only not foster a sense of exploration, and an urge to really go through Cubbon Park, but also is not economical in terms of time.
I looked at the major roads, and circles, and areas of interest around Cubbon Park, the exits and entrances - to look at how Cubbon Park is placed and is accessed in relation to the rest of the city. The most commonly used or popular entry point to it is the entrance from the Queen Victoria/ Govt. Aquarium side.
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Analysis of activities/ usage of Cubbon Park Weekday Early mornings in Cubbon Park are completely full of exercise or fitness enthusiasts - running, jogging, playing sports.You can find people tying up their badminton nets across trees, people using park penches as excerise equipment, yoga mats everywhere, and small groups of elderly people in their laughter clubs. The parking is bustling and alive. From then on, it is lazy and quiet, with few people strolling aimlessly, some couples on benches here and there, some people sitting on their laptops in a shaded spot. Later in the afternoon, you can find lots of people taking naps under a tree or in the gazebos.
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Weekends Weekdays a time when tourists, families, and people looking for a good day out, come to the park. There are lots of picnics, a lot more food stalls crop up, and there are people everywhere. Sundays especially are buzzing. Early morning you will find people coming to excersie, but a lot of also people bring their dogs to play in the dog park. Roads are non-motorised in the morning, so adults and children bring their cycles, or rent from the bycyclse stand set up by the BMTC. There are groups who meet and do slacklining, there are groups who do yoga, and there are groups which are walking and runners clubs. The usual hopcom stalls have additional stalls selling organic fruits, vegetables, seeds, plants, products. There are musical, dance related events which happen at the Bandstand every Sunday. So the Bandstand area in particular becomes a focal point in all the activity. There is a even a golf cart service, which gives a trip around and through all of Cubbon Park.
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Analysis of existing wayfinding system In terms of existing wayfinding and signage existing in the park, there is mostly signage which relates to the roads, and the major buildings in and around Cubbon Park. All the signage is placed on the roadways and intersections, and references which roads lead to which exit. There are none inside the park itself. Most of them look like, and play the role of road signs, meant to be seen from a vehicle, not really for pedestrians. Even in terms of visual langugae, as illustrated below, they are of standard colors of green, yellow and bits of red, and standard shapes of circles and rectangles. They are in English and Kannada.
Shapes and colors of signage in Cubbon park.
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There are five main types of sign one can find (as shown in the photographs above taken of signage found in the park) : 1) Road Signs 2) Directional Signs 3) Interpretive Signs (with bits of history about the park, who commissioned what statue etc.)
4) Signs for Amenities (sign boards for toilets etc). 5) Ads or Infographs ( Information about goverment’s interventions in the park, Cubbon Park Sundays etc. 6) Park rules - do’s and don’ts
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ADDED LAYERS
THEMES/ SUBTEXT
CHARACTER
PLACEMAKING
WALKS/ TRAILS
VALUE ADDITION
STAKEHOLDERS TOURIST ATTRACTIONS NATURE
HISTORY
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EXERCISE
LEISURE
SURVEY
For my initial research I conducted an short online survey, through a Google Form. The sample size was small, and I only ended up interviewing people from certain classes so it wasn’t a comprehensively conducted survey, but it was helpful as a starting point. I intervewed people of different age groups and different professions, some originally from Bangalore, some who have moved here for work etc.
1. Age * Gender 2. Occupation 3. What part of Bangalore do you stay in? 4. How long have you stayed in Bangalore? 5. How do you travel in Bangalore? o Car o Bus o Auto o Bike/Scooter o Cycle o Metro o Cab o Other: 6. How often do you go to Cubbon Park? o A couple of times a week o Once a week o Once a month o Once in six months o Once a year o Have only been once 7. How do you travel to Cubbon Park? o Car o Bus o Auto o Bike/Scooter o Cycle o Walking o Metro o Cab o Other: 8. What entrance or which side do you enter from? o HAL Jet Plane
o UB City o Goverment Aquarium o Chinnaswamy o KR Circle o High Court/Vidhan Soudha o Other: 9. Which is your favourite spot in Cubbon Park? 10. What do you do in Cubbon Park? o Walk o Go for picnics o Rest/sit o Nap o Exercise - yoga, jogging, slacklining etc. o Go for cultural events - theatre, poetry etc. o Walk through it to reach another destination o Other: 11. Have you visited these places in and around Cubbon Park? o Goverment Aquarium o Bal Bhavan o Venkatappa Art Gallery o Visvesvaraya Industrial and Technological Museum o Goverment Museum o State Central Library 12. What are the other areas around Cubbon Park you visit? 13. Are you able to navigate in and around Cubbon park efficiently? 14. Have you explored one portion of it or the entire park? 15. Did you know Cubbon Park has Pay-andUse public toilets? o Yes o No
16. Have you/would you use them? o Yes o No 17. Have you visited the food vendors in Cubbon Park? o Yes o No 18. When reading signage, what language are you most comfortable reading? o English o Kannada o Tamil o Hindi o Telugu o Other 19. What would you change about Cubbon Park? 20. What is your fondest memory of your time spent in Cubbon Park? 21. What are your markers or points of reference to which you orient yourself in Cubbon Park? o Exits/Entrances o Buildings around o Tree avenues o Statues o Other 22. On what day of the week do you visit Cubbon Park? o Weekday o Weekend 23. At what time of the day do you visit Cubbon Park? o Morning o Afternoon o Evening
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BREAK DOWN OF A MAP In order to create a map, I started analysing components of maps, especially wayfinding maps. I looked at : 1) The key - How and what information was conveyed in the legend, and how effectively 2) Pictograms - How readable they were, how culturally relevant and recognizable they were. 3) Scale - Walking distance scales, in terms of time and distance 4) Orientation - the view and orientation of looking at different maps. For Cubbon Park’s map and information, I worked back and forth between the Google Map, and it’s earth view. Then eventually I relied on Open Street Map because it had a lot of comprehensive detailed information, and offered a balance between Google Maps and Google Earth, in the sense that it gave you a clear ideas of routes and roads, as well as some feeling
From top to bottom : Google Map, Google Eart, Open Street Map of Cubbon Park and areas around
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These are components of the project I had proposed I would explore and do in my second seminar. I went ahead and evolved some of them - like the map and the ‘You are here’ map and some of them I eventually discarded as my project progressed, and some I tried out.
PROPOSED FORM
MAP with Trails/ Themes
‘You are here’ maps
Pocket Map
Soft board + notice board
Directional signage
Walk
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Iterations for the 3D structures These were some of my initial ideas for exploring form. I had proposed a three tier system of wayfinding. 1) A large map which had a softboard attached to it, to be placed at the metro station entrance/exit. 2) Directional signage 3) A smaller map, ‘You are here’ map to be placed at intervals through the park.
10’ 1’
4’
5.5’ Main map+ softboard
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9’
2’
1’
Directional sign
2.5’ ‘You are here’ map
7.5’ 10’ 3’
6’
2.7’
5.5’ 1’
2.5’
5’
6’
2.5’
4’
2’
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Mapping Softwares To carry out the mapping process accurately, I used Open Map Software, which is an open source mapping softwareto get the map. This is a summary of the process: 1. I found a very comprehensive map of Cubbon Park in Open Street Map and then I exported the OSM file to QGIS 2. On QGIS, I extracted all the roads, paths ways, concrete blocks, grass patches into a wire frame map and exported it to Tile Map -
3. On TileMill, I had the opportunity to edit the map - mostly importantly accurately plot coordinates of certain places in the map - for eg. a particular tree, or a rock. 4. I added a coordinates by putting in the latitude-longitude cooridinates onto an excel sheet, and exporting that as a .csv file onto TileMill. 4. From TileMill, I then exported a SVG to Adobe Illustrator, where I could edit it, make it look attractive and legible, and also text, pictograms etc.
Photo above : Exporting the .osm file from Open Street Map Photos on facing page : Working on the file in QGIS; then Tile Mill ; adding the .csv file from Excel.
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Exploring pocket maps
Above - WALK NYC Pocket Map, Pocket Card map for Paris Subway Left- Pocket maps of different sizes and folds I experimented with.
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Collaboration and new inspiraton After seminar 2, I realized I had proposed too much, and taken on too much and hence would not be able to focus on any one thing properly. Typically, when wayfinding systems are created for cities, there is an entire team working on them - from graphic designers, to urban planners, to researches, to spatial designers, to fabricators etc. So to propose that I would create an entire system by myself was seeming far fetched. Thus, at some point Swati - a student from my curatorial group ‘Participative Networks’ realized that a lot of our ideas had begun to overlap and a lot of our research till that point complemented each other. We looked at the possibility of collobarting, pooling together our research, concepts, ideas and skills, and trying to execute different facets of our project well. We decided that she would look at the 3Dstructural part of the project, while I looked at the information design aspect. We went into a content development phase, where we analysed all our research and looked at potential aspects of the park and it’s users we could substantiate upon further. It was also at this point that we started look at the experiential qualities of the park as also part of our concept and content, as well the experiential qualities of the piece that we were creating.
I personally began to look at the map as an art form and immerse myself in that research. On the right are some new references I was thinking about ; - The top two maps ; The Norman Kingdom of Sicily by Chris Kelly and Stan KLR BAC by Nathan Carter, are fairly abstract in their. I am interested in their use of shapes and colors, and their use of techniques of collages to create overlapping and 3D elements, as well as transparency and lightness due to the use of positive and negative space. -The bottom map : The Zelda Map, this a DIY map kit made by a gaming company. I like the use of layers, and the fact that you can easily read and understand the space through the map.
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Walk with Aliyeh Rizvi Aliyeh Rizvi is a travel writer and an informal archivist/historian of the city of Bangalore, who over the last couple of years started an organisation called Native Place. She started it as a response to her own sense of disconnect she was experiencing with the city she and her ancestors called their home because of the rapid change in every sphere of life. She follows a very interesting principle which articulated some parts of what we were trying to explore in our own project.
“Instilling a sense of entitlement and ownership in a space by means of : 1) Orientation 2) Identification 3)Association ” Aliyeh’s walk was a like a story telling session through the park. She seamlessly moved between anecdotes, childhood memories, history, interpretation, conversations about the park as a public space and how people inhabit it and how that has changed over time, information about nature, exercises for us to look at, and feel the nature around us. Her ability to create associations, which crossed boundaries of time, space, cultures and people, helped us relate, imagine, and vividly see picture the story she was superimposing upon the park. We were in the past, looking at British officers ride up to the Bandstand to court young women, we were observing children play their fictitious games on the rocks, and we could also feel the crunch of the autumn leaves under our feed as we walked trying to collect the beautiful seeds under the Mahogany avenue of Queen’s Park.
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Photos above : Queen Victoria’s statue in Queen’s park; A poem about fanning etiquette - representing the complex social norms and customs which manifested in the park in various ways.We discussed the ‘Victorian Age’, coined based on Queen Victoria’s staunch ideas of morality and social conduct.
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Photos above :The bamboo grove which at once represents mystery, privacy, curiosity, sometimes fear and eeriness ; The Strangler Fig tree, or the ‘Kiss of Death Tree’ as we coined it, the Banyan growing as a parasite on the Gulmohar.
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This is a mapping of how Aliyeh had mapped the site of Cubbon Park. As is illustrated, the park can represent varied layers of the park, over time and in the present.
VCE
JCP POLYTEC
GAS COLLEGE
PRIVATE - PUBLIC
MORALITY
PRIVATE PUBLIC C CLUB
MODERNITY
CONTAINED OPEN SPACE
SHESADRI MEMORIAL HALL
VAG PUBLIC
CHILDREN’S LIBRARY VIKAS SOUDHA
CW STATUE
MUSEUM
BANDSTAND BAL BHAVAN
MARK CUBBON STATUE
ATTARA KACHERI
VIDHAN SOUDHA
PLAYFULNESS POWER
BAMBOO GROVE
PUTANI EXP.
OPEN CONTAINED SPACE PUBLIC
AQUARIUM
PRESS CLUB
POLICE STATION
POLITICS, TENSIONS OF THE PARK
GOVERNORS VICTORIA
PRIVATE PUBLIC
RESIDENCE EDWARD
RELATIONSHIPS
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CURATORIAL FRAMEWORK 87
Curatorial Process We engaged in a democratic curation process, wherein after going through the entire group’s projects in terms of site and concept (mostly marked by role they wanted to play. for instance- I was playing the role of a guide and a wayfinder), we drew out themes which then were applied to certain spaces. We first entered the project through a certain lens. In my mind, I was looking at transit as an experience, and also as a social network. I then fell under the theme of partcipatory network.
Participatory Network Participatory Networks at its core relies on, requires and facilitates participation and interaction with it’s users. It is here that the interface becomes the intervention. These users are not limited to commuters but include pedestrians, joggers, hawkers, vendor, workers and people passing through site. In this group, we are trying to access the city through it’s networlks and systems. My project, under this theme, began looking at the idea of these systems in terms of navigation and movement in a city. But eventually it also looked at the idea of the metro as a public space, and Cubbon Park as a very important public space - the potential relationship between the two, and trying to look at Cubbon Park in terms of not only how people move through it and navigate within in, but how they inhabit it and use it as a public space.
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Participatory Networks Looking at acessing the city through its systems and networks. It aims at accessing the nature of place in an urban place, with specific focus on the idea of placemaking and public spaces being defined by those who inhabit them and how.
CITY- PAST PRESENT FUTURE
Aesthetics and Aspirations These are research intensive projects responding to the complex urban location of the site, looking at history, architecture, ecology, concepts of gentrification, aestheticisation etc.
TRANSIT AS EXPERIENCE The Otherland
TRANSIT AS A SOCIAL NETWORK
The idea of the ‘otherland’ was sparked of by the curiosity about ‘inside vs outside’, especially in context to the underground nature of the site. How far can this idea be pushed to almost create a hypothetical, fantastical world underground.
The Traveller Focusing on the traveller in relation to transit, the transient city, the ever changing face paced nature of it. Changing face of the urban city, it’s demographic, what are the poetics of a transient traveller in this transient city?
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auxilary structures
-harvesting data pool from people -what are the relations between tree and place? pace and rest? - evo ing hidden/unseen areas through interaction. - interactions and cowor ing
-building social networ s and personal interactions. -incorporating isual cues. -characteri ation and Identity of the metro. Cubbon C Cu bbon Road a -helping orient the passenger. Cubbon Road
t
t
-evo ing the inside outside. -engaging the community. -orienting the traveller -encouraging exploration
HAL Entrance
-instilling identity through interaction. -what role do light and shadow play in identity of a space?
et Entrance
creen n area
Raj R Ra aj Bhavan Bha h v road
Coolant
Raj Bhavan road
Raj Bhavan road
-what would the object (coolant) become in the future? using the coolant to engage the traveller -what role do light and shadow play in Identity of a space? -instilling identity through interaction.
d Roa ens Que
CUBBON PARK (EXTERIOR) N
bmrcl property
ad Ro
Entrance
(ENTRANCE / EXIT)
.G M rd wa To
na a
metro structures
Bangalore Metro Rail
This plan maps the overground space in terms of concept and how our group has curated itself. The yellow highlight shows my intervention.
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auxilary structures
(ENTRANCE / EXIT)
bmrcl property
G M. rd wa To ad Ro
Chinnaswamy Entrance
Fighter Jet
et Entrance
screening area
Cubbon Road Cubbon Road
Raj Bhavan road
HAL Entrance
Raj Bhavan road
Raj Bhavan road
Coolant
d Roa ens Que
CUBBON PARK (EXTERIOR) N
metro structures
Bangalore Metro Rail
The projects in the overground area of the Cubbon Park exit in their curated groups.
Aesthetics and Aspirations Participatory Networks Participatory Networks
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FORM AND PROTOTYPE
DESIGNURU A few of us had the opportunity to take part in Designuru, an art and design festival which took place from the 2nd of April to 10th of April at the Rangoli Metro Pavillion at the MG Road metro station. The idea for us to take part in the festival was to take advantage of the number of people coming for the event and prototype our projects and get feedback. For Swati and I, we saw it as an opportunity to generate content. We proposed two things for the festival. The first was interaction boards, or black boards, on which we could pose different questions along the course of the day, and observe people’s reactions to them and record their responses. The questions we asked were a combination of generic quetsions about Bangalore’s changing nature, the idea of a public space in such an urban city, the idea of a park, or leisure and free time on weekends to more specific questions about Cubbon Park. Here are some of the questions we asked.
What is your favorite green spot in Bangalore? How has Bangalore changed for you after the last 5-10 years? What does a public space mean to you? What are some of your favorite memories of Cubbon Park? What is your favorite thing to do in Cubbon Park? Where do you like working out in the city - in a park or outdoors?
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Walk in Cubbon Park We participated in a walk held by INTACH in Cubbon Park, as a part of Designuru. We also took part in a walk run by Aliyeh Rizvi in Cubbon Park for a few of the Art in transit students. We analyzed both these walks, debated the structure, what worked and didn’t work. Finally, when we planned our own walk we wanted to try to take inspiration from portions of the walks we had participated in, particularly Aliyeh’s walk because it had been extremely enjoyable. The Intach walk was very information heavy in a text book history kind of way, and didn’t not really take us into the park to experience it fully, we were at a distance. We wanted our walk to be experiential and explorative, and for it to be a generative exercise in terms of mapping.
Here is the brief we created for the Facebook page. Join us to explore Cubbon Park in a walk that will explore memory, narratives and experiences. Often in our busy urban lives, we may ‘look’ at spaces but not really ‘see’ them. We’re trying to bring back curiosity and imagination.The walk will double up as a mapping workshop, too see how we engage with spaces in terms of touch, feel, light, texture and help us to develop new lenses of looking at and exploring the living, breathing lung of the city. We will look at these maps as a narrative tool to shape our voices and the unique contours of our experiences.
Screenshot of the Facebook page event- as part of the Designuru’s facebook page.
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Exploring the Bamboo grove and discussing the sounds, and experiences attached to the space. Everyone was intrigued and fascinated by it. We had about ten people take part in the walk - they were of varying age groups and professions. But most of them were above the age of 25, and were architects. Most of us were not from Bangalore, had come to the city for work or educational opportunities. Most of the participants had never been to Cubbon Park before, or had only come once or twice before. We covered a bit of history, a bit of anecdotal narratives which
we remembered from Aliyeh’s walk, we walked around look at all the trees, the leaves, collected seeds, observed patterns of the way leaves fell. The conversation was two way, with Swati and I started it off and then others pitching in constantly. Everyone was generally quite enthusiastic and fascinated by the park.
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Reactions It worked as a prototype for us in the sense that we could test out bits of content or information, and see how people would respond to it. For instance, in Aliyeh’s walk some things that really interested like the stories about children playing on the rocks, and stories about how people would use the park did not interest our group, because for that we would have to tell a story from start to finish. But the Strangler Fig tree fascinated them a lot. We had a picnic, we climbed trees. We talked a lot about Cubbon Park in relation to other cities, in terms of the size of the park, and even the way certain trees grew for instance. the Gulmohar, differently here as opposed to in Mumbai. Hence, the walk was helpful for us in terms of ascertaining what could be interesting to people, without having to be possibly be physically present to tell an entire story.
Target Audience The walk also helped us answer a question that had been bothering us for a long time, about who our target audience was. We established that my map would be particularly helpful to tourists, people not from the city and people who are new to Cubbon Park. It would be to make people explore and to incite curiosity.
Mapping Excercise We asked everyone to take a half an hour walk by themselves, and urged them to keep their sense of observation sharp and their eyes and ears open, and explore parts of the park that intrigued them. On meeting back, we discussed what we found, felt, saw, and tried to collectively plot our experiences and observations on the map. These were a combination of feelings, things we saw, things we felt like doing, sounds we heard and saw. Some examples include - “Sat and closed my eyes, and heard the birds create an orchestra.” , “Played with the most adorable dogs.” , “Saw the softest cotton flowers.”, “The leaves were falling like butterflies.”
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Photos from the mapping exercise we conducted.
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Creating the map
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Above is the image of the map which is work in progress.
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A paper prototype of the form I started to explore. I started to look at how to create layers with paper. Above - A scaled down model of the whole map. Facing page : One layer, of the roadways
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Layered Map - Fusion Board For the prototype of my map, I created a small portion of my map to true scale and experimented with layers and overlaps by digital printing and laser cutting of fusion board. Once I had my separate layers and components laser cut, I assembled the map and put the layers at
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different heights, and played with overlaps in some components such as tree. I made variations the thickness of the backing I was creating while sticking the layers or components.
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FINAL CONCEPT
Swati’s structure This model (left) and render (below) illustrate Swati’s design and concept of trying to create a waiting area/resting spot which provides seating and shade right outside the metro station. The extruding triangular column is the piece upon which I will create my structure and mount my map.
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7’
My piece
3’
Since my map shall be of a kind of layered, paper diorama, I need to create some kind of casing for it to ensure longevity. The render on the right is the proposed design to hold my map. The box will be fixed on to the extruded column as showed in Swati’s model. The box will be ply, with glass casing.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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BIBLIOGRAPHY “Public Art, History and Meaning.” http://mysite.pratt.edu/~morourke/dda500_LargeImg/readings/ PublicArtConstructsAPublic.pdf. Rendell, Jane; Critical Spatial Practice; Art and Architecture: A Place between. London: I.B. Tauris, 2006. “Mobility between Movement, Meaning and Practice.” Mobility between Movement, Meaning and Practice. Accessed January 13, 2016. http://en.forumviesmobiles.org/video/2013/09/13/mobilitybetween-movement-meaning-and-practice-1164. Jacobsen, Kathrin. “Tate to Tube Signage.” Kathrin Jacobsen. Accessed January 20, 2016. http://www. kathrinjacobsen.com/index.php?/projects/tate-to-tube-signage/. “Art in the Arches, Southwark South East LondonPigeon Talks.” Pigeon Talks. Accessed February 5, 2016. http://www.pigeontalks.com/art-in-the-arches-southwark-south-east-london/. “Commuters,Your Despair Is Restored.” City Room Commuters Your Despair Is Restored Comments. Accessed January 25, 2016. http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/11/30/commutersyour-despair-is-restored/. ““PROJECTIONS” by Jenny Holzer (1996-2011).” F15 54498547986044660746 Expanded Theater. Accessed February 8, 2016. http://courses.ideate.cmu.edu/mediadesign/f15/54-498/projections-byjenny-holzer-1996-2011/. Steinfeld, Edward, and Jordana Maisel. Universal Design: Creating Inclusive Environments. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2012. Akshatha M. “HSR Layout to Get Cycle Lanes - Here’s Some Background: Akshatha M - Citizen Matters, Bangalore News.” HSR Layout to Get Cycle Lanes - Here’s Some Background: Akshatha M - Citizen Matters, Bangalore News. Accessed April 22, 2016. http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/ articles/hsr-layout-to-get-cycle-lanes-here-s-some-background?utm_source=copy. Thomas, Tara Rachel. “This Space Is Mine.” The Hindu Business Line. 2015. Accessed April 22, 2016. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/know/this-space-is-mine/article7085529.ece. Schwartz, Ariel. “A New Wayfinding System Brings Maps To New York’s Pedestrians.” Co.Exist. Accessed March 10, 2016. http://www.fastcoexist.com/1682642/a-new-wayfinding-system-bringsmaps-to-new-yorks-pedestrians. “Axel Peemöller — Eureka Tower Carpark.” Axel Peemöller — Eureka Tower Carpark. Accessed February 7, 2016. http://axelpeemoeller.com/eureka-tower-carpark/.
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