ANYONE CAN
SAVE A LIFE
Annual Report 2018/19
The Save-A-Life Initiative is an ambitious undertaking by the Singapore Heart Foundation in collaboration with the Singapore Civil Defence Force to improve Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) survival rates. Cardiac arrest is a serious condition where over 2,400 persons suffer OHCA in Singapore every year.
CONTENTS 02
♥
Message from the Singapore Heart Foundation
03
♥
Message from the Singapore Civil Defence Force
04
♥
Project Teams
06
♥
myResponder
08
♥
An Authoritative AED Registry
09
♥
A Thorough Verification
10
♥
Enhanced myResponder App Experience
11
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Got Your Free AED Guide Yet?
12
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Community Roadshows
15
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Engaging Our Online Community
16
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Media Clippings
17
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AED Loan Programme
18
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A Community of Lifesavers
19
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Community Stories
20
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PAD Incentive Scheme
THE BIG PICTURE ON
OHCA IN SINGAPORE
Cumulative data on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) from 2011 to 2016 speak the truth plainly about how to save a life — it is a team effort. From community bystanders and SCDF Emergency Medical Response Teams alike, everyone needs to do his part to build a strong chain of survival for a victim’s best chance to live again. Here are key takeaways from the latest findings in the OHCA Data Update from the Unit for Pre-Hospital Emergency Care (UPEC).
BYSTANDER CPR+AED IS UP BYSTANDER CPR
56.4% in 2016
vs
BYSTANDER AED
54.1% in 2015
4.6% in 2016
vs
4.1% in 2015
Within this percentage, 69% of bystander CPR was assisted over the phone by SCDF Dispatchers.
SURVIVAL RATE IS CLIMBING SURVIVAL OF OHCA 2016
vs
2015
163
survivors in 2016
vs
125
survivors in 2015
This result is directly related to the increased involvement of bystanders in administering CPR or using an AED.
23.4%* in 2016
21.3% in 2015
* Percentages are for shockable, witnessed OHCA patients only
INTERVENTIONS ARE SHOWING RESULTS 73.4%
With of OHCA cases occurring in residential areas and in homes, our neighbours and our local community are who we must count on when OHCA strikes unexpectedly. When hearts cease to beat abruptly, speed is of the essence. The sooner CPR is started and the sooner an AED is applied, the better the odds of survival.
ANYONE CAN SAVE A LIFE. If you see someone collapse and they don’t respond to touch or sound, choose to act. You already have the tools to save a life — your phone and your hands. From calling 995 to finding the nearest AED, anyone can do their part in giving an OHCA victim the best possible chances of survival.
Save-A-Life Annual Report 2018/19 ♥
1
MESSAGE FROM
THE SINGAPORE HEART FOUNDATION
E
very day, 17 people die from cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Singapore and this accounted for more than 29% of all deaths in 2018. This means that nearly 1 out of 3 deaths is due to cardiovascular disease, making it one of the top killers in the nation. At the Singapore Heart Foundation, our aim is to improve the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival rate in Singapore by empowering individuals with the necessary CPR+AED skills so that they will be able render help immediately. We do so through CPR+AED certification courses, simplified CPR+AED awareness training, the AED loan programme as well as the CPR self-learning kiosk. Following the positive trends from the previous years, we are happy to share that the latest study (Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) Data Update 2011-2016) led by the Unit for Prehospital Emergency Care (UPEC) found that CPR performed and the use of AED by bystanders has increased to more than 56% and almost 5% respectively. This resulted in an increase in the survival rate to 23.4%.
This is due to years of hard work by both the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) and the Singapore Heart Foundation in the Save-A-Life initiative where we worked hand-in-hand to register more than 9,800 AEDs into the National Registry of Publicly Accessible AEDs and garnered over 11,000 registered responders on the myResponder app through our marketing efforts and roadshows. We are also heartened to see 17 lives saved through the myResponder app since its inception and many new fresh first responders sharing their testimonials. We are sure that this number will continue to grow as we work towards our goal to create a nation of lifesavers. Though 4 years deep into this initiative, we still have a lot of work ahead of us as we are gaining momentum in our fight against CVD. So, let’s continue our hard work and beat heart disease together!
Mr Vernon Kang Chief Executive Officer
At the Singapore Heart Foundation, our aim is to improve the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival rate in Singapore by empowering individuals with the necessary CPR+AED skills so that they will be able render help immediately.
2
♼ Save-A-Life Annual Report 2018/19
MESSAGE FROM
THE SINGAPORE CIVIL DEFENCE FORCE
T
he Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) embarked upon its transformation journey in 2013, aiming to achieve its vision of “A Nation of Lifesavers” by 2025. An integral part of the vision is to “Enable and Empower the Community” to be Community First Responders (CFRs). CFRs are ordinary people actively coming forward to render assistance before SCDF’s arrival. There are over 2,400 outof-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) cases annually and it is projected that OHCA incidences will only continue to rise. For every minute without cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) done on a cardiac arrest victim, their survival rate drops by 7-10%, so every minute counts! Local academic studies have found that 73.4% of all OHCA cases happen in residential areas. Thus, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MOH), Singapore Heart Foundation (SHF), and the People’s Association (PA), SCDF launched the Save-A-Life initiative with the aim of enhancing community first response rates to cardiac arrest cases in residential heartlands. This is done through a three pronged approach – the Hardware: the installation of publicly accessible automated external defibrillators (AEDs) at the lift lobbies of HDB blocks; the Heartware: the training of residents with a simplified CPR+AED programme at the constituency level; and the Software: the mobilisation of community first responders via the SCDF myResponder mobile application. Creating a digital community of first responders by alerting members of public to potential cardiac arrest cases in the vicinity, the SCDF myResponder application taps onto the Registry for AED integration (R-AEDi) to show the location of nearby AEDs. By harnessing technology, citizens are galavnised to assist with bystander CPR and use an AED until paramedics arrive at the scene. In collaboration with SHF, SCDF has further enhanced the myResponder application, making it possible to register with a One Time Password (OTP), such that everyone, including tourists and foreigners, are able to report and respond to cases using the application. More will be done to improve awareness and engagement amongst the community to help provide community first response and we look forward to the continued collaboration with SHF to achieve this.
AED for every 2 HDB blocks, and the upcoming Built-ToOrder (BTO) blocks will also gradually have AEDs installed. Besides public housing blocks, SCDF and SHF are also actively seeking other locations to situate AEDs. Through collaboration with the National Parks Board (NParks), AEDs are now also being placed in public parks. To date, we have installed 111 AEDs in public parks across the island which are also mapped into R-AEDi, increasing the accessibility of AEDs for OHCA cases in public places. To extend the ecosystem of CFRs under the Save-ALife initiative, SCDF has also been steadily expanding its collaboration with various transport operators to train their drivers in lifesaving skills, as well as retrofitting their vehicles with AEDs. Using the SCDF myResponder application, the drivers of the specially equipped taxis are then mobilised to respond to cardiac arrest cases in their vicinity while plying the roads. Having the transport operators come on board the Save-A-Life initiative not only increases the pool of CFRs available to respond to emergency incidents, it also further increases the availability of AEDs within the community. As of October 2019, the myResponder application has seen over 133,904 downloads, with close to 59,955 Singaporeans having registered themselves to be community first responders. In addition, these community first responders have responded to some 20,568 incidents. Bystander CPR has been shown to double OHCA survival rates. Therefore, I encourage everyone to download the myResponder application and register as a CFR, contributing towards building a nation of lifesavers.
AC Yazid Abdullah Director, Volunteer and Community Partnership Department
I am glad that we have completed the installation of AEDs in public housing blocks in February 2019. There is now 1
By harnessing technology, citizens are galavnised to assist with bystander CPR and use an AED until paramedics arrive at the scene.
Save-A-Life Annual Report 2018/19 ♥
3
PROJECT TEAM
SINGAPORE HEART FOUNDATION
1 Mr Vernon Kang Chief Executive Officer 2 Ms Jeslin Sin Director, Programmes 3 Ms Stephanie Ho Senior Manager, PR & Communications
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4 Mr Lim Kiat Deputy Manager, Programmes 5 Mr Kenneth See Assistant Manager, Marketing 6 Ms Joanne Su Executive Officer, Marketing 7 Mr Emmanuel Ang Operations Executive 8 Mr Lin Zicheng Operations Executive 9 Mr Muhammad Khairil Operations Executive
4 ♥ Save-A-Life Annual Report 2018/19
PROJECT TEAM
SINGAPORE CIVIL DEFENCE FORCE
1 AC Yazid Abdullah Director, Volunteer and Community Partnership Department
1
2
3
2 AC Yong Meng Wah Director, Emergency Medical Services Department 3 COL (Dr) Shalini Arulanandam Chief Medical Officer
4
5
6
4
LTC Bob Tan Senior Assistant Director, Community Preparedness & Response Branch
5
LTC Esther Low Senior Assistant Director, Emergency Medical Services, Development
6
CPT Carl Ross de Souza Senior Staff Officer, Emergency Medical Services, Technology
7 Ms Ng Yun Shiean Team Leader, Community Management 8 Mr Galvin Lim Senior Consultant (Mobility)
7
8
9
9 Mr Yeo Wee Teck Assistant Director, Medical Analytics
Save-A-Life Annual Report 2018/19 ♥
5
AN AUTHORITATIVE
SCDF completed all installations of SAL AEDs designated for HDB estates as of Feb 2019. This fulfils the promise made by then Senior Minister of State for Home Affairs, Mr Desmond Lee, in Parliament on 3 March 2017, that there would be one automated external defibrillator (AED) for every two Housing Board blocks islandwide by 2019.
AED REGISTRY
S NEW H FLAS
SHF has partnered closely with SCDF during each phase of installation, promptly registering new AEDs into the National AED Registry to ensure that all AED information on the myResponder app is accurate and up to date.
Source: The Straits Times, “Parliament: AED for every 2 HDB blocks islandwide by 2019”, 3 Mar 2017, https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/parliament-aed-for-every2-hdb-blocks-islandwide-by-2019
TOTAL NO. OF VERIFIED AEDs Category
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Total
3
0
1
1
5
155
15
7
0
177
Commercial Building
39
88
29
77
233
Educational Institute
619
450
834
10
1913
33
29
128
0
190
HDB Block
183
323
2434
1932
4872
Healthcare
101
29
30
7
167
83
49
18
3
153
Place of Interest
177
64
25
0
266
Place of Recreation
308
28
15
0
351
Private Company
96
209
140
0
445
Private Residence
14
35
27
46
122
163
68
19
1
251
Social Service Agency
25
7
6
0
38
Transportation
95
89
31
0
215
190
112
59
81
442
2284
1595
3803
2158
9840
Association Club
F has SAL AEDs, SH In addition to AED r approach othe the continued to to in s D ster their AE uct owners to regi nd co so al e app. W Ds myResponder AE l rification on al re AED annual ve su en to rlier years, ue registered in ea sc re s ay w al unit is that every AED ready. k handand SCDF wor Together, SHF goal of ed ar sh ds the in-hand towar database mprehensive building a co is serves Th Singapore. of all AEDs in e public, th r fo source as a reliable re ers to and research government edical m g safety durin improve public emergencies.
Government
Hotel
Shopping Mall
Others Total
8 ♥ Save-A-Life Annual Report 2018/19
A THOROUGH
VERIFICATION EXPIRED AED PADS OR BATTERIES A common issue our team encounters during site visits is expired AED pads or batteries in AEDs that continue to be accessible to the public, and thus assumed to be usable. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO FIX THIS ISSUE? AEDs run on battery. If the battery is expired it may leak or drain to depletion, rendering the AED inoperable. When AED pads expire, their gel adhesive layers dry up. Without the gel, pads may not adhere securely to the skin. If they slip off a patient’s chest, the AED will not be able to perform analysis or treatment of the patient’s heart properly. Sample of expired batteries in an AED that was checked in June 2019
Sample of expired pads in an AED that was checked in June 2019
The adage “prevention is better than cure” applies to more than one’s health and wellbeing. Like us, AEDs need care and maintenance too. Regular maintenance is key to ensuring that publicly accessible AEDs are in a ready state to save a life, rain or shine. But this is not always the case. Here, we illustrate two common lapses in maintenance that we find during annual verification visits to inspect publicly accessible AEDs in our registry.
MISSING AED UNITS The verification team often finds that publicly accessible AEDs are either missing from their cabinets or have been moved to another location within the vicinity, while the myResponder app still displays the previous location. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO FIX THIS ISSUE? Every minute without CPR+AED sees a drop by 10% in the chance of survival. Outdated location information or missing AEDs pose a significant risk to victims of sudden cardiac arrest because they waste time. When community responders are unable to retrieve an AED at a location where they thought one was available, they must use more time to find another working unit for the victim.
An AED Cabinet with no AED inside, at a HDB block of flats
HOW DOES ANNUAL VERIFICATION ADDRESS LAPSES AND OTHER ISSUES? SHF’s verification team promptly notifies AED owners of the lapses onsite or through written notice once site visits are completed. This is often helpful to AED owners who do not have a strong system of monitoring and maintenance in place. To help owners better manage their AEDs, we provide them with a free copy of the AED Maintenance Guidebook which was jointly produced by SHF and SCDF. R-AEDi also has an incentive scheme to subsidise the cost of replacing AED batteries or pads if an AED owner’s AED was used in an area outside of the duty-of-care of the owners’ premises.
Save-A-Life Annual Report 2018/19 ♥
9
ENHANCED
myResponder
APP EXPERIENCE
Many improvements have been made to the myResponder app since it first launched in 2015. These updates to the app are designed to improve user experience and to enhance the quality of response to cardiac arrest emergencies. Here, we highlight 3 ways in which we recommend users to use the myResponder app for maximum advantage to save lives.
ATTEND TO A CASE QUICKLY WITH COUNTUP While app users may not realise it, they might be responding to cases more quickly than before thanks to the CountUP timer feature that was introduced to the myResponder app. The CountUP timer was introduced as part of the app’s behavioural design to nudge users into a sense of urgency to attend to cases. This app enhancement, along with complementary initiatives, have seen response rates moving towards an upward trend in general.
CLICK ON ‘TAP WHEN ARRIVED’ AFTER YOU REACH THE VICTIM HOW?
BE PART OF A NATIONWIDE AED NEIGHBOURHOOD WATCH HOW? While the myResponder app is a crowdsourcing tool for nearby help with sudden cardiac arrest cases, it is also a live registry of all the AEDs in Singapore. AED information in the live registry has been enhanced to include AED images and other important details that are specific to the AED and its location, like opening hours for instance.
After choosing ‘Accept’ for an active case, the app will display another page with the “Tap when Arrived” button.
In the updated myResponder app users simply tap on the AED icons in the map to access full AED information. Look at the images below to find out more.
Upon arrival at the victim’s location, press the “Tap when Arrived” button.
And now, true to its crowdsourcing roots, myResponder app users will also be able to give instant feedback about faulty or missing AEDs through the app!
WHY? Pressing “Tap when arrived” allows for other app users to know if additional help has arrived for the same case. This influences other responders’ decision-making process. For instance, knowing there is only 1 responder on scene might result in a second responder deciding to take time to retrieve an AED before heading straight to the victim’s location. Additionally, the benefit of pressing “Tap when arrived” also extends to backend statistics collection. The statistics collated helps SCDF to get a sense if more public awareness efforts are required to recruit more community responders in a particular area of Singapore.
10 ♥ Save-A-Life Annual Report 2018/19
WHY? AED faults and feedback received through the app are received by both SCDF and SHF. We would then follow up on the report by contacting the AED owner to verify the fault reported before delisting the AED from the myResponder app. A delisted AED will not be shown on the myResponder app, thus saving app users from being misled to faulty AEDs if they are reported early.
GOT YOUR
FREE
AED GUIDE YET?
The AED Maintenance Guidebook is produced by SHF and SCDF to help answer commonly asked questions about AEDs, such as the best place to install AEDs in a premise or the best method to maintain an AED to keep it operationally ready. This guidebook equips you for effective AED maintenance and safety preparation. It is a key resource in creating a heart-safe work environment for all.
Contact us at
r-aedi@heart.org.sg for your free copy today!
Save-A-Life Annual Report 2018/19 ♼ 11
COMMUNITY ROADSHOWS The Save-A-Life community roadshow is entering its second phase of community outreach and we are inspired to step up our efforts to educate and equip more people with the essential lifesaving skills of CPR+AED for the years ahead.
2,095 downloads of the myResponder app and registrations for Project Year 4
ANYONE CAN SAVE A LIFE
We opened the fourth year of the Save-A-Life roadshow with a refreshed roadshow concept that complements this year’s theme of ‘Anyone can Save A Life’. After placing the spotlight on CPR with the Power To Save A Life game, we have shifted our emphasis to AEDs. Our new set of roadshow structures drive home the key message that anyone can use an AED to save a life, not just medical professionals.
12 ♥ Save-A-Life Annual Report 2018/19
Replacing informational posters on which covers AEDs and their function, we introduced an AED quiz wall, which requires roadshow visitors to flip the answer board for commonly asked questions about AEDs.
an nds-on with ance to be ha ch w e llo th t fo d ge rn it on an Visitors also arn how to tu le ’s ey im ct Th vi t. a se pads to AED trainer ply mock AED ap D to AE s e pt iv ct om r intera the voice pr cut out on ou a by d te en chest, repres exhibit. fear remove the , we aim to ity iv ct ce ra an te st in si rrier of re Through this lower the ba d ic bl an pu n e ow getting th of the unkn g an AED by d in an us x, d an bo t of the to touching looks like ou e on w ho familiar with is to use. how simple it s e of the way l method is on na io P at KA uc ed nt the rece This hands-on e results of ns onding to th sp re e misconceptio ar on e w ed comm ht D lig AE gh n hi “A cluding survey, which ing an AED, in us t ed ou w ab lo al ld I am the public he do not think to use” and “I lt cu ffi di s ok lo D”. to use an AE
n a c e n o y n A e! f i l a save
Save-A-Life Annual Report 2018/19 ♥ 13
CAPITALISING ON EXISTING NODES OF ENGAGEMENT
For Project Year 4, we have achieved a total of 2,095 downloads of the myResponder app and registrations to become volunteer first responders. The bulk of these downloads and registrations were a result of our community roadshows. We also received many registrations from participants of Singapore Heart Foundation’s CPR+AED and BCLS+AED courses. These participants add value to the quality of community first responders in the myResponder database, as they are formally trained and certified in lifesaving skills.
COMMUNITY ENDORSEMENT OF THE myResponder APP Through the platform of community roadshows and support from local parliamentarians, such as Senior Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs & Ministry of National Development, Ms Sun Xueling, we have increased the public’s awareness and adoption of the myResponder app as a vital tool in saving lives.
14 ♥ Save-A-Life Annual Report 2018/19
ENGAGING OUR
ONLINE COMMUNITY This year, Save-A-Life’s Facebook Page has continued to grow in audience reach. Our followers have increased by 36% to 3,565 in August 2019, as we strive to provide content that is relevant and appealing to our audience.
If content is king, then community is surely queen on social media. The Save-A-Life marketing team has tweaked our social media marketing approach to boost rapport and engagement with our followers this year. Building on last year’s theme of getting the ‘Power to Save a Life’, this year’s message is ‘Anyone can Save A Life’. This theme builds up confidence and commitment to the idea of community bystander response during a sudden cardiac arrest emergency. Our social media content has been focused on educational information, such as SCDF’s emergency medical response resources, CPR+AED, and heart health. We also share inspiring news on local heroes who have saved lives by using the myResponder app to dial 995, find the nearest AED or respond to a case alert.
FACEBOOK STATS:
INSTAGRAM STATS:
3,565
321
in Aug 2019
in Aug 2019
vs
vs
2,612
311
in Sep 2018
in Sep 2018
In May 2019, we held a highly successful Facebook contest that put the spotlight on the correct technique for chest compressions. This marketing activity enabled us to test the quality of our followers’ knowledge on CPR and debunk myths or correct misunderstandings on CPR.
Save-A-Life Annual Report 2018/19 ♥ 15
MEDIA CLIPPINGS
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SCDF for Two lauded by s that se on quick resp saved lives They win Commun
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rds for public-s
piritedness
16 ♥ Save-A-Life Annual Report 2018/19
app for The Singapore tims that heart attack vic ready for: ’t isn ng Ko Hong r would de on sp Re why my king CPR lac y cit flounder in knowledge
an With Civilians Help M DB Flat; H In Heart Attack Help Prove AEDs Can s ve Save Li
A COMMUNITY OF
LIFESAVERS
On 28 August 2019, SHF and SCDF celebrated the 4th anniversary of the myResponder app and the Save-ALife initiative. Since its launch in 2015, many lives have been saved with the aid of community first responders who were alerted to sudden cardiac arrest cases through the myResponder app. AC Yazid Abdullah, Director of SCDF’s Volunteer and Community Partnership Department, kicked off the event with a welcome speech and shared key milestones of the Save-A-Life initiative and the myResponder app with guests. As part of the night’s programme, Deputy Commissioner (Operations & Resilience) Anwar Abdullah awarded 3 community first responders with the Community Lifesaver Award (CLA). A survivor, Mr Soh Chee Meng, Senior Lecturer and CD Lionhearter Club Advisor of Singapore Polytechnic, also attended the event and shared how he was revived by his friends when he suffered a cardiac arrest while playing badminton last year. AC Yazid Abdullah also thanked the Singapore Heart Foundation for increasing awareness of sudden cardiac arrest, equipping the community with awareness and knowledge on calling 995 for medical emergencies
18 ♥ Save-A-Life Annual Report 2018/19
and performing quality CPR+AED through social media platforms and islandwide roadshows. Mr Vernon Kang, CEO of Singapore Heart Foundation, wrapped up the night of celebrations with a speech of thanks and appreciation to all who were present and encouraged everyone to continue working towards becoming a nation of lifesavers.
COMMUNITY STORIES SAVED BY COURAGE — MR SOH’S STORY On 20 May 2018, Mr Soh was playing badminton with his friends, when he collapsed from sudden cardiac arrest. The acts of courage from his friends and strangers in the badminton hall secured Mr Soh a second shot at life. Here’s what Mr Soh had to say: DO YOU REMEMBER WHAT HAPPENED? I have no recollection whatsoever, but one of my friends took a video and others have related that day’s events to me. From what I know, what they did was instantaneous -- my badminton partners first called the ambulance, then others came over and started doing CPR on me. After that, another group of people ran to take the AED to put it on me. My heart actually stopped. The doctors who attended to me afterwards said I’m very lucky. Can you imagine if my heart stopped and nothing was done? I wouldn’t be here talking to you. HOW HAS LIFE CHANGED FOR YOU? Now I pay attention to the myResponder app. I have tried to respond and I’ve gone to locations that are within a radius of 400m. If we are within the radius,
we should respond, and not hesitate to look for the AED and bring it along. WHAT WOULD YOU SAY TO SOMEONE WHO IS HESITANT TO DO CPR OR USE AN AED ON A STRANGER? When I received my first case notification from the myResponder app, I was a bit hesitant. But after a moment I thought, “Well, I better be there. Just to do the job with the intention of saving lives.” [When you respond], don’t think about whether the person is going to be hurt or whatever, because the person is really in need of help. They are lying down there motionless, so we have to do something to help revive them.
CHOOSE COURAGE— RESPONDERS TALK ABOUT WHAT COUNTS Viknesh & Annjee are part of a growing community of volunteer responders, who rush to the scene of a medical emergency once they receive a notification from the myResponder app. We asked them what they would say to anyone who thinks they can’t help much in an emergency because they’re not trained in CPR+AED. This is what they had to say:
Vikneshwaran s/o Kanan
I can understand the hesitation, but I strongly encourage you to move forward anyway and take that first step to help, even if it’s really minimal. It really does matter to the patient and to the patient’s family. It’s really empowering when a community rallies together to help someone in need.
Teo Annjee
There’s always the fear - You’re scared because there’s a potentially dead person in front of you. But if you don’t do anything at that moment, the person might pass away. Even if a person is not trained, the SCDF operator will say press hard & fast. It is not difficult. The instructions over the phone are enough for you to be able to save someone. You will never know what you’re capable of until you take that first step. It’s someone’s life, so put your fear aside and take the leap of faith!
Save-A-Life Annual Report 2018/19 ♥ 19
TO OUR STAKEHOLDERS
Pantone Yellow 136C - 0c 45m 100y 0k Pantone Blue 2935C - 100c 55m 0y 0k
www.scdf.gov.sg/savealife savealife@heart.org.sg savealife.sg savealife.sg
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