فصلنامه شکار | Hunting Seasonal Magazine

‫‪H U N T I N G & N A T U R E C O N S E R V A T I O N‬‬ ‫ﺤﻪ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻔ ﺭﻧﮕ‬ ‫‪ 1‬ﺻ ﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪ 00‬ﺗﻤ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻼ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ‪ /‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪13‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴـﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫‪ 2000‬ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪Volume 4 / No 13‬‬ ‫‪Autumn 2008‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩﻱﺳﻬﻤﮕﻴﻦﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓ؛‬

‫ﻳﻜﻪﮔﺮﺩ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻗﻮچ ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻩ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺼﺎﻑ ﺑﺪﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻧﺨﻮﺍﺭﺗﺮﻳﻢ؟!‬ ‫ﻳﻢ؟!‬ ‫ﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻮ ﻮ ﺭﺗﺗﺮﺮﻳ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻛﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺳﺮ ﻣﻣﺎﻛﻛﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻴﻴﺎﻭﻭﺭ‬

‫ﻏﻮﻝ ﭘﻴﻜﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮓ ﻛﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‬

‫ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺧﻪﺣﺼﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻠـﻔـﻦ‪0191-2222568 :‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻜﺲ‪0191-2221124 :‬‬ ‫ﻫـﻤﺮﺍﻩ‪09121912124 :‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﭘﺴﻨﺪﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺑﻪﻧﺎﻡ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻨﺪﻩﻱ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻣﺴﻮﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺩﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺣﻤﻴﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﻧﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻣﺰﻳﻨﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺩﺑﻴﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺣﻤﻴﺪ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻫﻨﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺍﺣﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﻮﻧﺲ )ﺁﺭﻭﻳﻦ(‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺟﻌﻔﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﺰﺍﺩ ﻳﻮﺳﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﺳﻲﺧﺎﻧﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﺑﻚ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮﻳﻪ‬ ‫ ﺩﺑﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮﻳﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‪ :‬ﻣﻣﻌﺼﻮﻣﻪ ﺻﻔﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴـﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻮﺍﻟﻔﻀــﻞ ﺍﺣﻤــﺪﺯﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒــﺎﺱ ﺟﻌﻔــﺮﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿــﺎ ﻣﺤﻤــﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻴــﺪ ﻣﻮﺳــﻲﺧﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳــﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬــﺰﺍﺩ ﻳﻮﺳــﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﻳﺲﻛﺴــﺎﻳﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴــﺮﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻮﺣﻤــﺰﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺣﺴــﻴﻦ ﺳــﺪﻫﻲﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬــﺪﻱ ﻗﺒــﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻇﺮﻳﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳــﻴﺪﻋﻠﻲﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﻳﻲﻧﻈﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺫﺭ ﺻﻔﺎﻳــﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺯﻳﺎﺭ ﻏﻔﺎﺭﻳﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺠﻴﺪ ﺳــﻴﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻬــﺪﻱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﺪﻱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺣﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﻱ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‪ :‬ﺁﺭﺵ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﺗﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ‪ :‬ﺋﺎﺳﻮ ﺧﺎﻥﻣﺤﻤﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﻤﺪﻱ ﻣﻮﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﮔﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻧﺎﻃﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺪﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﺳﻢﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ‪ :‬ﺯﻫﺮﻩ ﻛﺮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﭼﺎپ‪ :‬ﻫﻨﺮ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﺒﺰ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪ :‬ﻧﺸﺮﮔﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ،45‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪ (021) 88 51 54 70 :‬ﻧﻤﺎﺑﺮ‪(021) 88 51 54 70 :‬‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ‪magazine@irshna.com :‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ‪ /‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ / 13‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﺒﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻉﺭﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫‪ / 8‬ﺳﺨﻦﻣﺪﻳﺮﻣﺴﻮﻭﻝ • ﺩﺭﺩ ﺩﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﺭﺷﺎﺩ‬ ‫‪ / 9‬ﺳﺨﻦ ﺳﺮﺩﺑﻴﺮ • ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ »ﻏﻴﻦ« ﻭ »ﻗﺎﻑ« ﻧﻴﺴﺖ!‬ ‫‪ / 10‬ﺷﻌﺮ • ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ / 12‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫‪ / 14‬ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ • ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ / 20‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ • ﺑﺤﺜﻲ ﺩﺭﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ / 22‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ • ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺖﻭﺩﻟﺒﺎﺯﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ / 24‬ﺗﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ‬ ‫‪ / 28‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ • ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ؛ ﭼﺎﺷﻨﻲ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺗﺼﺎﺣﺒﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪ / 31‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ • ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻭﺍ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪ / 32‬ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ • ﺑﺒﺮ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﺯﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫‪ / 34‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ • ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻱ ﻻﻏﺮﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ؛ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﺔ ﺷﺎﺥ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ‬ ‫‪ / 36‬ﺳﻼﺡ • ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﻛﺸﻦ‬ ‫‪ / 38‬ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺳﻼﺡ • ﻧﺮﺥ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪ / 40‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ • ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪ / 44‬ﻃﺒﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ • ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻱﻛﺸﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪ / 52‬ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ • ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻱ‬ ‫‪ / 54‬ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ • ﭘﺎﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻔﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ / 56‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ • ﻣﻬﺮﻳﺸﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ / 59‬ﺳﻔﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ • ﺳﻼﻃﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪ / 60‬ﻋﻜﺲ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ • ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻳﺮ )ﺳﻴﺎﻩﻛﻮﻩ(‬ ‫‪ / 64‬ﻋﻜﺲ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ • ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺧﺠﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪ / 68‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ • ﺧﺸﻜﺴﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﻣﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫‪ / 70‬ﻛﻮﻩ • ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﺑﺮﻑﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ‬ ‫‪ / 72‬ﻛﻮﻩ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ • ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﻛﻮﻩ!‬ ‫‪ / 74‬ﺣﺸﺮﻩ • ﻣﻴﻦﻳﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻲﺧﻄﺎ!؟ | ﻻﺭﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ / 80‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ • ﻗﻮچ ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪ / 82‬ﺧﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ • ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻗﻮچ ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪ / 86‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺟﻠﺪ • ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫‪ / 98‬ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎ • ﻧﻘﺶ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﺣﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻘﻠﻲﺁﻗﺎ‬

‫‪Hunting & Nature‬‬ ‫‪Conservation‬‬ ‫‪Vol. 4 | NO 13 | Autumn 2008‬‬ ‫‪Founder & President:‬‬ ‫‪Hamidreza Nateghi‬‬ ‫‪Editor in Chief:‬‬ ‫‪Hamid Zakeri‬‬ ‫‪Art Director:‬‬ ‫)‪Davoud A. Mouness (Arvin‬‬ ‫‪Layout & Designers:‬‬ ‫‪Marie Nouri, Hamed Zekeri‬‬ ‫‪Picture Editor:‬‬ ‫‪Abbas Jafari‬‬ ‫‪Photography:‬‬ ‫‪Behzad Yoosefi, Babak‬‬ ‫‪Moosavi, A. Kazemi‬‬ ‫‪Editorial‬‬ ‫‪Editor:‬‬ ‫‪Mina Mokhtari‬‬ ‫‪Reporters:‬‬ ‫‪Masoomeh Safaiee, Reza‬‬ ‫‪Majzoobi, M. Mohammadi‬‬ ‫‪Writers:‬‬ ‫‪A. Ahmadzadeh, M.H.‬‬ ‫‪Sedehinia, Kh. Abuhamzeh,‬‬ ‫‪Majid Moosakhani, Mahdi‬‬ ‫‪Ghobadi, Ahmadreza Jamali‬‬ ‫‪Translators:: Arash nazari,‬‬ ‫‪N. Mehdipoor, P. Hakimian‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭﺩ ﺩﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﺭﺷﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺣﻤﻴﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﻧﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻣﻣﺰﻳﻨﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺪﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﻢ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺳ‬ ‫ﻼﺕ‪ -‬ﺍﺭﺷﺎﺩ«‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺮﺭ »ﺍﺭﺷﺎﺩ‪ -‬ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﭼﻪ؟‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﺶ ﺩﺭﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﭼﺎپ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ -‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ ﭼﻪﻗﺪﺭ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﻮﻮﺭ‬‫ﻭ ﻋﺸﻖ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺩﺳﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺗﻼﺷﻲ ﺟﺪﻱ ﻧﻜﻜﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻧﮕﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺳﺎﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ‪ -‬ﻛﻪ ﻧﻧﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﺵ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ! ﻭ ﻣﺎﺟﺮﺍﻫﺎﻱ ﺵ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺰﺍﻑ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﺎﻓﻴﻢ ﻣﺜﻨﻮﻱ ﻫﻔﺘﺎﺩﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺭ ﺣﻮﺻﻠﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﻦﻗﺪﺭ ﺑﭙﺬﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﻃﻮﺭ ﭼﺮﺗﻜﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﺪﺍﺯﻳﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﻴﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﻞ» ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ« ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉﺍﺵ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﻓﺪﺍﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ )ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻲﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻧﺎﺗﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﻣﺎ(‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﺶ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻌﺠﺰﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺎ‪ -‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺩﺑﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ -‬ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﻗﻄﻌ ًﺎﭼﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻡ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺍﻋﻼﻱ ﮔﻼﺳﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﭼﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﺭﺍﻩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺯﺭﺩﺗﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ)!( ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺿﻌﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ!‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺮﭘﺎ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻴﺪﻭﺍﺭﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﻫﺮﺩﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﺎﻡ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻔﺘﺎﺩﻩﺍﻳﻢ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﻲﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺰﻧﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻧﻬﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺁﮔﻬﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﻤﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﻜﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺣﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﺫﻳﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﺭﺷﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﮔﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻧﻚﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ »ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ«‪ -‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﺨﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﮔﻔﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﮕﺬﺭﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ؛‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺣﻼﻭﺕ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ )ﺩﺭ ﺧﻠﻊﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﺧﻪ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﻳﻜﺴﺮﻱ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﺧﺬ ﺳﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ( ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻲﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺖﻣﺮﻳﺰﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﮔﻔﺘﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺒﺮﻱ ﺗﺎﺛﺮﺁﻭﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺪﻭﺭﻩ‪ -‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ -‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍً ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ 28‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺪﻭﺭﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ -‬ﺧﺪﺍﻱﻧﺎﻛﺮﺩﻩ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺼﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺗﻨﺪﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ‪ 20‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻭﺳﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻋﻘﺐﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﺺﻛﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺒﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﺹ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ‪ -‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺲ ﻣﻈﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ -‬ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬

‫ﻳـﺒـﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳ ﺒ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪﺑﺮﺳﺮ»ﻏﻴﻦ«ﻭ»ﻗﺎﻑ«ﻧﻴﺴﺖ!‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻴﺪ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﻱ‬

‫ﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺍﻱ ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻮﺍﺭ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﻣﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫‪Anne George March‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ »ﺷﻜﺎﺭ« ﺑﻪ »ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ« ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮﻳﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺎﺳ ًﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﭼﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺯﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻓﺮﺍﮔﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺗﻚ ﺳﻴﻼﺑﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ »ﺑﺮﻧﺪ« ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﻭ ﭼﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺰﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ‪ :‬ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﻫﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲﺍﺵ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪﺗﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ‪،،‬ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭﺧﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ »ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ« ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻪ ﺣﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻲ ﺷﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻋﺰﻳﺰﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﻗﻒ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍژﻩ ﺗﻚ ﺳﻴﻼﺑﻲ‪ -‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺗﻲﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﭼﺮﺧﺪ ﻭ ﻃﺮﻓﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻴﺮﺍژ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺼﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‪ -‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﻪ ﻭﺍژﻩﺍﻱ‬ ‫»ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ« ﺗﺒﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﻑﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺼﻞﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﻣﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺳﺮﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻭ ﺧﺮﺟﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ!‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪ؛ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻳﻦﻫﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲﻛﺸﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺧﺘﺎﻡ ﺑﺪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫﺨﺪﺍﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻮﺍﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺳﻔﺮﻩ ﺳﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ »ﻗﺎﻑ« ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ »ﻏﻴﻦ«؟ ﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﺷﭙﺰ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺸﻘﺎﺏﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻠﻮ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ :‬ﻏﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻗﺎﻓﺶ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؛ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖﺍﺵ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺵ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺁﺷﭙﺰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺨﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﺜﺮﺕ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﻢ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺭﺍ ﭼﺎپ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ ""ﺻﺪ ﻳﺎﺩﻱ" ﻛﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﻢ ﺍﻧﺸﺎﺍﷲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻄ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺸﻤﻴﻦ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﺗﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﭼﺎپ ﻭ ﺗﻴﺮﺍژ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸـﺎﺭ ‪ 5‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖﻣﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺷـﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻧﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻗﺒﺎﻝ ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﻭﺳـﺘﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺸـﺮ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑـﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺷـﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻳـﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻜـﺮﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺳـﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋـﺎﺕ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺜـﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻩﻫـﺎ ﻧﺸـﺮﻳﻪ ﺍﻋـﻢ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﻟﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣـﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻔﺘﻪﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋـﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴـﻢ ﺣﻴﺎﺗـﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴـﺖ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣـﺶ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺵ ﻧﻜﻨﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺸﻨﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﭘﺎﺳـﺦ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﻭ ﺁﮔﺎﻫـﻲ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻞ ﺯﻳﺴﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷـﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸـﺮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺟـﺪﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﺖ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣـﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻭ ﺧﺪﺍﭘﺴـﻨﺪﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒـﻂ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﺷـﻌـﺮ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺸﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﺍﺧﻮﺍﻥ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫‪134‬‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺩﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﻩ ‪45‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ »ﺷﻜﺎﺭ« ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺚ ﻋﺒﺚ ﺑﺮ ﺫﻫﻦ ﻭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﻋﺮﻱ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﻲﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ )ﺯﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ( ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻈﻴﺮﺵ ﺭﺭﺍ ﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻲ ﻓﻜﺮﺵ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮ »ﺷﻜﺎﺭ« ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺸﻜﺶ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻫﻴﺨﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﮔﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺩﺑﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺮ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻣﺰﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺯﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺑﻪﺭﻭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﺪ‪ - .‬ﺳ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﺩ ﭘﻴﺮ ﮔﻨﺞ ﻛﻬﻦﺳﺎﻝ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﭘﺸﺘﻮﺍﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻔﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺷﻨﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﺴﺘﻪ ﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ ﺯ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺑﺮﻭﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﻪﺑﻨﺪ ﺳﺤﺮﮔﻬﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺧﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﺴﻲ ﺭﺍﺯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺳﺤﺮﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺤﺮﺧﻴﺰ ﻣﺮﻏﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﻜﻨﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺯ ﺁﻭﺍﺯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻭﻃﻴﺮ‪ -،‬ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺳﺒﺰﭘﻮﺵ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺯﻧﻮﺷﺨﻮﺍﺏ ﺳﺤﺮ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻭﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﮔﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺮ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﻭ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪...‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺟﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺧﻴﺰ ﻭ ﻏﺮﺵ ﻭ ﺧﻤﻴﺎﺯﻩ ﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﺯ؛‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﮔﻮﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﭘﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﺩ ﭘﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﺎﺭ ﭼﻮ ﺁﺋﻴﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺯ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻭ ﺷﺐ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺍﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﭘﻴﻜﺮﻩ ﻛﻮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻜﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫»ﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭼﻪ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺗﻮ‬‫ﺳﺮﭼﺸﻤﻪﺍﺕ ﻛﺠﺎﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺯﻣﻬﺮﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؟‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﭘﻴﺮ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻛﻢ ﻃﺎﻗﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻫﺮ ﺳﺮﺩﺳﻮﺯ ﺗﺮﺍ ﻫﻢ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﻪ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲﺍﻡ! ﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﺩ!‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﺭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺸﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎ ﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﺎﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩ ﺩﻻﻭﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﺯﻧﻲﺳﺖ ﺧﺮﺩﺳﺎﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭼﺘﺮ ﻧﺎﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺁﺭﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺷﺎﺧﻜﻲ ﺯ ﺑﺮگ ﺗﻬﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺥ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺵ ﻧﮕﻬﺶ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺷﺎﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺩﺳﺖ ﺧﻠﻮﺕ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻩ‪ -‬ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﺭﺍ‪ -‬ﻧﮕﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺩ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﺨﻮﻩﻩ ﺧ ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺩﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﻓﻜﻨﺪ ﺑﻪﻪ ﻨﻈ‬ ‫ﺎﺯ‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﻲﭼﻤﺪ ﺧﻮﺵ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻨﮕﻨﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﭼﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻇﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﻨﻪﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻻﺷﻪ ﻛﻮﻳﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺵ ﺧﻮﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﺭﻩ ﺳﺮﺍﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺗﻮ ﺍﺯﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﮕﻨﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺗﻦ ﮔﺸﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﺮ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﺒﺰ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻠﺲ ﺳﭙﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍ ﺟﻠﻮﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺨﻤﻞ ﭘﺮ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻭ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺳﺒﺰ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﺟﮕﺮﺵ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﭘﺮ ﻋﻄﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻬﺎﻥ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺷﺎﺥ ﻭ ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺳﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺖ؛‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺵ ﺍﻭ ﺻﻔﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﺪ ﭘﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺮگ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﻥ‪،‬ﻟﺮﺯﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﻮ ﺑﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭﻳﻎ! ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺧﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺩﺭﻩ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﭘﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺘﻲ ﺳﻜﻮﺕ ﭼﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺳﻨﺎﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺷﺮ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻳﻲ ﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﮔﺮگ ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﻩﺳﺖ ﻣﻴﺶ ﺭﺍ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻡ ﺳﺒﺰﻣﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﭘﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﺩ ﻏﻢ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ‪،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺷﺐ ﻧﻴﺎﻣﺪﻩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﺧﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺧﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻔﺲﺯﻧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻻﺷﻪ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻢ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻣﺶ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺗﻮ‪ ،‬ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻣﺮ ﺯﻻﻝ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺗﻮ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺩﺧﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﻤﺶ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮ ﺩﻳﺪﻱ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻦ ﭼﺸﻴﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺷﺴﺘﻲ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻥ ﻛﺒﻮﺩ ﺗﻴﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺮگ ﺳﺎﻟﺨﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻥ ﺑﻨﻔﺶ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻳﻮﺯ ﺧﺮﺩﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﮔﻮﺭ ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻥ ﺯﻻﻝ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺮﻡﺗﻦ ﻏﺰﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﻪ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲﺍﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﺩ!‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻱ ﺗﺗﻮ؛؛‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺮ ﺍ ﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻔ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺎﺯﮔ ﺩ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﮕﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﮔﺮ ﺳﻮﻱ ﻧﻨﮕﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﭘﺸﺖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮﻡﺗﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﺩ ﭘﻴﻜﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻥ‪،‬ﺁﺑﺸﺎﺭ! ﻣﻦ ﺩﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎ ﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻲﻣﻬﺮﻱ ﺧﺰﺍﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻩ ﻣﺮگ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺩﻩﺍﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‪،‬ﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻤﻞ ﺳﭙﻴﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ‪،‬ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﮔﻮﺵ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻟﺶ ﺳﻔﺖ ﻭ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪-‬‬‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻭﻧﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺩ؟‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺏ ﺗﻮ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﺧﺼﺖ ﺻﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻣﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﭘﻴﻞ ﭘﻴﻜﺮ ﻓﺤﻞ ﺩﻻﻭﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﺯ‪ -‬ﻭﻩ ﭼﻪ ﺑﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ -‬ﺍﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺯﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻩﺍﺵ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻭ ﺻﻴﺪ ﻻﻏﺮﻡ‪...‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﺴﺖ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺷﻴﺮﮔﺮﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﺩ ﭘﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻏﺮﻗﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺳﺒﻠﺘﺶ ﺁﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﭼﻜﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻴﻨﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺭﻳﺶ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮ ﻛﺮﺩ ﮔﻮﺵﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻗﻔﺎ ﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺖ ﭼﭗ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺯﮔﻴﻠﺶ ﻧﻪ ﻛﻢ ﺯ ﭼﻴﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺁﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺯ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯﻩﺍﺵ ﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﺴﺖ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻳﺶ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﻪ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﺁﺑﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺭﺍﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻫﺘﺰﺍﺯ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﺁﻥ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻧﻢﻧﻤﻚ ﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﻤﺸﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻭ ﭘﺮ ﭼﺸﻤﻚ ﺑﻠﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺯ ﻟﺬﺕ ﻧﻮﺍﺯﺵ ﺯﺭﻳﻦ ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺷﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﭘﺮ ﺷﻜﻮﻩ ﺧﺮﻣﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻌﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺒﺰ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﺭﮔﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺑﻮﺩ؛‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭگ‬ ‫گ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﻩ ﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎﺭﻱ ﺍ ﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﻩ ﻬﺎ ﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺩﺭ ﺟﻠ ﻩ‬

‫ﮔﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺯ ﺧﺰﺍﻥ ﭼﻬﺮﻩ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﻢ ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﻪﺍﺵ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻏﺮﻕ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﻲﺳﭙﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻛﻮﭼﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻣﻲﺳﺘﺮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫» ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻜﻨﺞ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻮﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺟﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻓﻴﻖ ﺭﻫﺶ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺮﺵ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻧﻜﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻳﻮﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻜﺎﻓﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﭼﻪ ﺳﻮﺩ؟ﻣﺮﺩﻙ ﺑﻴﭽﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻚ ﻫﻴﺰﻡ ﺷﻜﻦ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ؛‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼﻡ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻱ ﻭﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺗﻜﻪ ﻫﻴﺰﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺯ ﭼﻨﮓ ﺗﺒﺮ ﮔﺮﻳﺨﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺯ ﻓﺮﻕ ﻓﺸﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻭﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻟﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﻫﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺯ ﻣﺮﮔﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻑ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻣﮕﺮ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﻴﻦ ﺻﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﻭ ﺧﻢ ﺧﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺩﻭﻳﺪ؟‬ ‫ﻧﺎﮔﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺑﻜﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻧﮓ ﺧﺎﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﮔﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻏﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻳﺪ«‬ ‫ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻩ ﭘﺮ ﻧﻔﺲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺏ؛‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﺩ ﻭ ﮔﺸﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻫﻜﻮﭼﻪ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺸﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻭ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩ ﺭﻫﮕﺬﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻮﭼﻪ ﺑﺰﺭگ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﻮﺱ ﻋﻴﺪﮔﻮﻳﻲ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻧﻮﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ؛‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻦ ﺧﻴﻞ ﺭﻫﮕﺬﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺑﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﮔﻮﺵﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺸﺨﻮﺭ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻏﺰﺍﻝ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﻌﺮ ﺩﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻦ ﻳﻠﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺳﺖ ﺟﻮﻳﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺳﺒﺰﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﮔﻮﺯﻥﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺯﮔﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻲﺧﺧﺒﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺯﺍﺯ ﺯﮔﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺁﺁﺳﻮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺮﺍﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﭼﻤﻦ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﻟﻄﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﻠﻌﺖ ﺑﻬﺸﺘﻲ ﺯﺭﺑﻔﺖ ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺧﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻚ ﮔﺎﻩ ﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻛﺸﺎﻧﺪﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻱ ﺁﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺟﻮﻳﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﻬﺎﻥ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺷﺎﺥ ﻭ ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﺩ ﭘﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺻﺪ ﻣﺮﮔﻲ ﺷﺘﺎﺑﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺑﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﺭﻧﮓ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫» ﻫﺸﺘﺎﺩ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﺶ؟‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﺶ ﺗﻬﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺗﻬﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮگ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮ ﻣﺮﺩ!‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮ ﺧﺪﺍ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﻧﺠﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺸﻨﮓ ﺗﻮ‪...‬؟‬ ‫} ﺻﻴﺎﺩ ﻧﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫»ﻧﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻟﺮﺯﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺩﻝ‪ ،‬ﺁﺧﺮ ﺩﮔﺮ ﭼﺮﺍ‬‫ﺗﻴﺮﻡ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻛﻨﺪ؟ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﻴﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺶ ﺗﻬﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﻛﺠﺎﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺘﺎﺩ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ؟‪«...‬‬ ‫} ﺑﺸﮕﻔﺖ ﻣﺮﺩ ﭘﻴﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫»ﻫﺎﻥ! ﺁﻣﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﭼﻪ‬‫ﺧﻮﺏ!«‬ ‫ﺯﺩ ﺷﻌﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻕ! ﺧﺮﻭﺷﻴﺪ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺟﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻨﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻩ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﻧﻪﺍﺵ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻳﺶ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﺮﺯﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺍﻥ ﭼﻮ ﺑﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺷﺘﺎﺑﻨﺎﻙ ﺭﻫﻲ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺘﻲ ﺳﻜﻮﺕ ﻫﻢﻧﻔﺲ ﺩﺭﻩ ﮔﺸﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﻏﻮﻙ ﻭ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻭ ﺯﻧﺠﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺳﺎﺯ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺻﻴﺪ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﻟﻨﮕﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺧﻮﻥ ﭼﻜﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮔﻢ ﺷﺪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭘﻴﭻ ﭘﺮ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺧﻢ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﺑﺰﺭگ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺭ ﭘﻲﺍﺵ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﭘﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﭘﻴﺮ ﺗﻴﺮﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﻮ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﮔﺮگ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫» ﺗﻴﺮﻡ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻧﻜﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻧﺸﺪ‪.‬‬‫ﻏﻢ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺮﻛﺠﺎ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ «‬ ‫ﻣﻲﮔﻔﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺩﻭﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺻﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﺩ ﭘﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺧﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺧﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻔﺲﺯﻧﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺻﻴﺎﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫» ﻫﺎﻥ ﺑﺪ ﻧﺸﺪ«‬‫ﺷﻜﻔﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﮋﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺧﻨﺪﻩﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﻭﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﻟﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻓﺘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﭼﻴﺪ ﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺯ ﻟﺒﺶ ﺳﺮﻓﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫» ﻫﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪ ﻧﺸﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻣﺪ‪،‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﻦ«‬‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻩ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﺩﺵ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪ ﺯﭘﺎ ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺷﻜﻲ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ‪ -‬ﺗﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﺨﺖ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺵ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺩﻳﺮﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻭﻓﺘﺪ ﺯ ﭘﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﺍﺭﺍ«‬ ‫ﺗﻼﺵ ﻣﻦ ﻭ ﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻛﻛﻨﺪ ﻼ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ ﺎ‬ ‫» ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺮﻳﻊﺗﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻡ«‬‫} ﻛﻮﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺗﻬﻲ ﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫» ﮔﻮ ﺗﺮﻛﺸﻢ ﺗﻬﻲ ﺑﺎﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻨﺠﺮﻡ ﻛﻪ‬‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺩ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ...‬ﺁﻩ‪ ...‬ﻣﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﺵ ﺍﻱ ﺧﺪﺍ!«‬ ‫ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺧﻢ ﻭ ﭼﻢ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﻤﺮﻭﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻣﺎﺭﻭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺍﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻣﺎﺭ ﻛﻬﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻂ ﺳﺮﺥ ﺗﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻗﺼﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺍﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻣﺎﺭ ﻛﻬﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﺼﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻲﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺲ ﺻﻴﺪ ﺯﺧﻢ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺻﻴﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﻣﮕﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺤﻮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﻨﺎ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺷﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺑﺮگ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺲ ﻋﺎﺑﺮ ﺧﻤﻮﺵ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﺪﻩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻲﺷﺘﺎﺏ؛‬ ‫ﺑﺲ ﺭﻫﻨﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺘﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﻨﺎﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻚ ﭼﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﻨﺎﺵ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺮ ﻛﻮﻓﺘﻪ؟‬ ‫ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺯﺧﻢ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺻﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺧﻮﻥ ﭼﻜﺎﻥ؟‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺩﮔﺮ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﻝ‪ -‬ﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﻏﻤﮕﻴﻦ‪ -‬ﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﺮﺑﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻴﺎﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫» ﺩﺍﻧﻢ ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺯﭘﺎ ﻓﺘﺎﺩ‬‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﻛﺠﺎﺳﺖ ﻓﺮ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﻛﻮ؟ ﺩﺭﻳﻎ!‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻳﻢ ﻛﺠﺎ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﭼﺎﻻﻛﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺴﺖ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻳﻎ!«‬

‫ﺯﺁﻣﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺟﺎﻭﻳﺪ ﻟﺤﻈﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻣﺪﺍﺩ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺗﻨﮓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻤﻴﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎ ﺟﺴﺖ ﻭﺩﻡ ﺗﻜﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻲ ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ؟‬

‫ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺻﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻲ ﺧﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺯﻩﺍﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺩﻭﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻟﺶ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﭙﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺷﻨﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺷﻨﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﻮﺍﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻔﻨﮕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﭘﺸﺘﻮﺍﺭﻩﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺳﻮﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﺸﻴﺪ‬

‫ﺁﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻩﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﻱ ﺧﻮﻥ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻬﻤﮕﻴﻦ ﺯﻳﺒﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﺑﻚ ﺩﻟﻴﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺰ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻱ ﭼﻮ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺯ ﻛﻛﺒﺮﺮ ﺩﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻣﻲﺟﻬﺪ ﺯ ﻗﻠﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺸﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﻨﮕﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻓﻜﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﻲ ﻧﺤﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﺷﺘﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﺑﺘﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺠﻮﻳﺪ ﺟﺰ ﺷﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻢ ﻧﺒﺮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻨﻮﺷﺪ ﺟﺰ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺑﺘﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻮﻧﻴﻦ ﻭﺗﻜﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﭼﻮ ﻛﻔﺸﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻣﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺳﻮﺗﺮﻙ ﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﻜﺮﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺯ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺯ ﻣﭻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﮕﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻱ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻨﻚ ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﻳﻲ ﻭ ﮔﻮﻳﻲ ﻏﺮﻳﺰﻩﺍﺵ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻱ ﻫﺠﻮﻡ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﺵ ﺑﺮﻓﺮﺍﺷﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺩﻣﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺲ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﻮﻟﻨﺎﻙ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﭻ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻭ ﻓﻜﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﮓ ﭼﻨﮓ؛‬ ‫ﻧﻚ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻔﺶ ﺑﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﺖ ﭘﺸﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﮓ ﺁﻣﺪﺵ ﺯ ﺟﻨﮓ!‬

‫ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺑﻮﻱ ﺩﻭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﮔﻮﺵ ﺑﻴﻢ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺩ ﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﺮگ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﮕﺸﻮﺩﻩ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂ ﺳﺮﺥ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﺑﺰﺭگ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻳﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺯ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯﻩﺍﺵ ﻧﮕﻴﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯﻩﺍﺵ ﻋﻘﻴﻖ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻢ ﺯﺭ ﺳﺮﺥ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﺖ ﺷﮕﻔﺖ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺮ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﻴﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻬﺴﺎﺭ ﻏﺮﺏ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻭ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺧﻮﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻞ ﻭ ﭘﺮ ﻟﻟﻬﻴﺐ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺥ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺘﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺯ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﻭﺑﻲ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻻﺑﻪﻻﻱ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﮔﻴﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﺍﻧﺪﺵ ﻧﺴﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﮓ ﭘﺸﻢ ﺎﺗﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺎ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺯ ﺁﺁﻥ ﮓ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻏﻨﻴﻤﺖ ﻫﺸﺘﺎﺩ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺟﻨﮓ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﻟﺮﺯﺩ ﻭ ﻟﺮﺯﺍﻧﺪﺵ ﻧﺴﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻴﺎﺩ ﭘﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺧﺴﺘﻪﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻲ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺧﺰﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻩ ﮔﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺪﺵ ﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﻡ ﺁﺑﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﻞ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺑﻴﺶ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺭﺯﻭ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺯﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﮕﻨﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﭼﻞ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﺭﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺻﻴﺪ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﻭﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺯﻱ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﮔﺸﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺐ ﺟﻮ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺧﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺷﺎﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﮔﺮ ﺑﺮﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺁﺭﺯﻭﻱ ﺍﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺯﺟﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﻝ ﺁﺭﺯﻭ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻲﺭﻳﺰﺩ ﺁﺑﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯﻭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺮ ﭘﺸﻨﮓ‪،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺑﺸﻦ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﺶ ﺯ ﭘﺸﻨﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﺧﺸﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺷﺎﺏ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻨﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺷﺐ ﻧﻴﺎﻣﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺪﺵ ﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﺩﮔﺮ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻙ ﺷﻮﻳﺪﺵ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﺎﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻏﻨﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻕ ژﺭﻑ ﺷﺐ؛‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺷﺶ ﻧﻤﻲﻧﻴﻮﺷﺪ ﻭ ﭼﺸﻤﺶ ﻧﻤﻲﭘﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺰﭘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻮ ﺳﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻧﻴﻦ ﻓﺴﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﺩ‪...‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﮔﻪ ﺷﻨﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺵ ﺭﻋﺪﻱ ﺯ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﮕﺎﻩ‪ ...‬ﺿﺮﺑﺘﻲ‪ ...‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭ ﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﺩ ﺻﻴﺤﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺠﻨﺒﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪،‬ﻧﺸﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‪...‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﻭﻉ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺎﺭ‪1335‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ‪1345‬‬

‫ﻏﺮﺵﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻛﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺸﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻲﺍﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﮔﺴﻠﺪ ﺳﺴﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻚ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺩﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﻜﻪ ﮔﺮگ ﺩﺭﺩ ﮔﻮﺳﭙﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻡ ﺷﻔﻖ ﭘﺮﻳﺪ ﺯ ﺭﺧﺴﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﭙﻬﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻟﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻓﺎﻕ ﭼﻴﺮﮔﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺐ ﻣﻲﺧﺰﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﭘﻴﺶﺗﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻣﻲﺁﺭﻣﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﻬﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺗﻴﺮﮔﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﮔﺮ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻤﻴﺪﻩ ﺳﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺭﻍ‪ ،‬ﭼﻮ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﻒ ﺁﺷﻴﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺰﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻴﺰﻳﺶ ﺍﻋﺘﻨﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻳﺶ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﻟﺐ ﻭﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬

‫ﭘﺴﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ،45‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪ (021) 88 51 54 70:‬ﻧﻤﺎﺑﺮ‪(021) 88 51 54 70:‬‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ‪magazine@irshna.com :‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺸﺘﺎﻕ ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻛﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺣﻤﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﺟﺬﺍﺑﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺧﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﺎپ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ ...‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺣﻤﺎﺕ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻴﺪﻭﺍﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺣﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻴﺰﻧﮕﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﻧﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺣﻮﺵ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻟﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻭﺣﻮﺵ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺁﺑﺰﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻫﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝﺯﺍﻳﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ًﺎ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻋﺰﻳﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻮﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺛﺎﻟﺜ ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﺴﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﻧﻤﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻤﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻳﺰﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺸﺘﺎﻕ‬

‫ﻣﺠﻠﺪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﭙﺎﺱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺗﻼﺵ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﺷﺪﻡ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺯﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺧﺮﻡ ﺭﻭﺯﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻢ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ‬ ‫‪ 5‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻡ ﺍﻣﻴﺪﻭﺍﺭﻡ ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﺗﺎﻥ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺎﻓﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻭﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 10‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩﺍﻡ ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﺧﻮﺩﻡ ﻫﻢ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻛﺒﻚ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺩﻳﺪﻳﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﭼﺎپ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺑﻴﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ ﻛﻼﺱﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺶﺁﻣﻮﺯﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺎﺳﮕﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻗﻌ ًﺎ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﺮﻳﺰﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺮﺯﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺮﻭﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺎﺱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺩﺑﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﭘﺮ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻭﺯﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺭﻭﺯﻱ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺍﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺬﺭﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﻥ ﻛﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﮕﺬﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻫﻲﺳﺖ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻓﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ »ﺭﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻔﺎﺭﻳﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻲ« ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻥ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻲﺗﻜﻠﻒ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﻣﻲﺁﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﺑﻴﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻋﺠﺒﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﮔﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﭽﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮﻳﻪ ﺑﻪﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﺭ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻓﺖ؛ ﺭﻭﺣﺶ ﺷﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎﺩﺵ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﺮﻭﺑﭽﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩﺍﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﺪﺭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻮﺍﺭﺷﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺝ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻏﻔﺎﺭﻳﺎﻥﺗﻮﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺖ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﺍﻳﺪ‬

‫ﻗﻮﺷﺒﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﭙﺎﺱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﺰﻳﺰﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻪﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻧﻘﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﭙﺎﺱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺍ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻴﺪﻭﺍﺭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮﻭﺯ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺪﺭﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﺷﺒﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻠﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺭﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﻤﺒﺎﺑﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻳﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺋﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﻴﭙﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺍﺝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ژﺍﭘﻦ )ﺁﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﺵ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻏﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻧﺎ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍً ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻗﻮﺵ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 18‬ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ‪ 85‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺕ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺷﺒﺎﺯ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻟﻴﺠﻪ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺭﮔﭙﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻡ ﺳﺮﺥ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻼﻙ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﺷﺒﺎﺯ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﺵ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺷﺒﺎﺯ ﺳﺮ ﻣﻲﺯﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻮﺷﺒﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﻚ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺯﺭﺩﺷﺖ ﻣﻲﮔﻔﺘﻨﺪ ﺧﺪﺍﻭﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﺳﺖ ﻓﻨﺎ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻭﺩﺍﻧﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﻓﺶ ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭ ﮔﻮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﮕﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﮔﻮﻱ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺁﺳﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻮﺷﻴﺮﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﺷﺒﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻗﻮﺷﺒﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻗﻮﺷﺒﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻴﺪﻭﺍﺭﻡ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﺯﻳﺒﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻔﺮﺡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﺍﻳﺮﻭﺍﻧﻲ‬

‫ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ ‪،‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻗﺪﺱ ‪،‬ﺟﻨﺐ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ‪،‬ﻣﻠﺖ ﺷﻌﺒﻪ ﻗﺪﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻭﺷﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪13387‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﭘﺎﻳﻴﻳﻴﺰ ‪87‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﺎﺭﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻜ‬ ‫ﺖﺷ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﺎﻇﻇ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪﻪ ﺣﻔ‬ ‫ﻠﻨﺎﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﻓﺼﻠﻨ‬

‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻼﺡ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺰ ﻣﺒﺴﻮﻁ ﺩﻛﺘﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻤﻴﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﻧﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻣﺰﻳﻨﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫‪ 340‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﺟﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫‪140‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪31/5‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪ /‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ‪58‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﮓﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺣﻤﻴﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﻧﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻣﺰﻳﻨﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻞ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺮ ‪750‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﺭﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ‪ 1/05‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﻳﻮﺭﻭ‬ ‫‪(DJV‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪) .‬ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ‪V‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ )ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﻳﻮﺭﻭ(‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫‪66‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪14/2‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ )‪ (DJV‬ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 16‬ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪ FACE‬ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ‪E‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ‪ 286/000‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪%84‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ DJV .‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻓﺪﺭﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ )‪ (Bundesjagdgesetz‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪ ‪ 29‬ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ ‪ 19766‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻓﺪﺭﺍﻝ ‪ 2001/04/23‬ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ 2001/04/23‬ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪ ‪1998/05/255‬‬‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺧﻪ ‪ 2001/06/25‬ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﺪﺭﺍﻝ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬‫‪2002/03/25‬‬ ‫ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﺪﺭﺍﻝ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺍﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪ ‪1989/09/18‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪ‬

‫‪ 1993/‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺧﻪ‪ 2001/10/23‬ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3 07/‬‬ ‫‪7 08‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻡﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﺟﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﻖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ‪ 2‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻼﻙ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ‬‫ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﻖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬‫)ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﺠﺎﺭﻱ(‬ ‫»ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻼﻙ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ« ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﺯ ‪ 75‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﻮﭼﻚﺗﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ‪ 150‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﮕﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ 75‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﻏﻴﺮﮔﺴﺴﺘﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﺮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺣﻖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﻖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺟﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ‪ 1000‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ )ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ‪2000‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ( ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺍﺟﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺍﺟﺎﺭﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﺨﺺ ﺍﺟﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪ 3‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻭ ﺍﺑﻘﺎء ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺴﻄﺢ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﺯ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻘﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻓﺪﺭﺍﻝ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﮔﺬﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻔﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ )ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻓﺪﺭﺍﻝ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﮕﻠﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻼﺡ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺳﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﭼﺸﻢﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬

‫*‬

‫ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻭ ‪ 50/129/20‬ﻳﻮﺭﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ( ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﻧﺤﻪ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺡ ﮔﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲ )ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ(‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪ 16 ،12‬ﻭ ‪ 20‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﺳﻤﻲ )ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﺑﻲ( ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪) Roe Deer‬ﺷﻮﻛﺎ( ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 1000‬ژﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫‪ 100‬ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﻢﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪ 6/5‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 2000‬ژﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪ 100‬ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺧﺸﺎﺏ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 2‬ﻓﺸﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼﺡ ﮔﺮﻡ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ 3‬ﻗﺒﻀﻪ ﺳﻼﺡ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻼﺡ ﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺸﺎﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺩﻋﻮﺕﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫)‪ 2001‬ﺗﺎ ‪(2002‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 10‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 155‬ﻳﻮﺭﻭ‬

‫ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫‪ 20‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 82‬ﻳﻮﺭﻭ‬ ‫ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬‫‪ 60‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 199‬ﻳﻮﺭﻭ‬ ‫ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬‫ﺗﺎ‪ 77‬ﻳﻮﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‪ 14‬ﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ ‪7 100‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ‪4‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‪ 77‬ﻳﻮﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ‪7 100‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬

‫‬‫‬‫‬‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ )ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻨﺲ(‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﻧﺮ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﭽﻪ‬

‫‪06/10‬‬ ‫‪03/11‬‬ ‫‪03/11‬‬ ‫‪05/10‬‬

‫ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺯﺭﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‬‫‬‫‬‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ )ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻨﺲ(‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﻧﺮ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﭽﻪ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻛﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﺴﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ)‪ 500/000‬ﻳﻮﺭﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ ﻧﺮ‬‫ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ‬‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬

‫‪11/11‬‬ ‫‪11/11‬‬ ‫‪12/09‬‬ ‫‪12/09‬‬

‫‪48/951‬‬

‫‪ 10‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 154‬ﻳﻮﺭﻭ‬ ‫ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ‬‫‪ 25/5‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 2055‬ﻳﻮﺭﻭ‬ ‫ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬‫* ﻗﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﻤﻪ‪:‬‬

‫‪57/539‬‬

‫‪06/10‬‬ ‫‪04/10‬‬ ‫‪04/10‬‬ ‫‪06/10‬‬

‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬

‫‪11/11‬‬ ‫‪11/11‬‬ ‫‪12/09‬‬ ‫‪12/09‬‬

‫‪1/060/270‬‬

‫‪ 02/26‬ﺗﺎ ‪07/23‬‬ ‫‪ 06/10‬ﺗﺎ ‪11/11‬‬ ‫‪ 02/26‬ﺗﺎ ‪11/11‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪ 06/10‬ﺗﺎ ‪12/09‬‬

‫ ﺑﭽﻪ‬‫ﺷﺎﻣﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺍﺯ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 05/10‬ﺗﺎ ‪09/24‬‬

‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ )ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻨﺲ(‬‫‪ -‬ﺑﭽﻪ‬

‫‪4/237‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪531/887‬‬

‫‪ 04/25‬ﺗﺎ ‪11/11‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﻝ‬

‫‪446/350‬‬ ‫‪ 07/09‬ﺗﺎ ‪10/25‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮﮔﻮﺵ‬ ‫‪12/252‬‬ ‫‪ 06/10‬ﺗﺎ ‪09/24‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻚ‬ ‫‪318/821‬‬ ‫‪ 07/09‬ﺗﺎ ‪10/25‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻗﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫‪549/118‬‬ ‫‪8 10/25‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺩﻙ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ‪ 06/10‬ﺗﺎ ‪5‬‬ ‫‪831/216‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‪ 02/10‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪6‬‬ ‫‪0 04/10‬‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮ ‪0‬‬ ‫‪33/568‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‪8 10/25‬‬ ‫‪5 08/10‬‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ‬

‫ ﻏﺎﺯ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺭﻭﺑﺎﻩ‬

‫‪ 05/10‬ﺗﺎ ‪06/099‬‬

‫‪642/892‬‬ ‫‪ 03/25‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 01/11‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫• ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﻓﺪﺭﺍﻝ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ & ‪) BJagdG 22‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﺭﺍﻝ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ( ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﻢﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥ )ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﺯ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻭ‬ ‫‪ Capercaillie‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺫﻳﺼﻼﺡ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﺯ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ‪ Justus Liebig‬ﮔﻴﺴﻦ‬ ‫ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﺪﺭﺍﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻭ ﭼﻮﺏ‬‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ )‪(EWI‬‬‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ‬‫ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖ ‪NRW‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪﺑﻪﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩﻓﺮﺍﻳﺒﻮﺭگ‬‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﺘﻴﻨﮕﻦ‬ ‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭﺣﺶ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺦ‬ ‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬‫ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻫﺎﻧﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﺩﻥ ﻭﻭﺭﺗﻤﺒﺮگ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺗﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫"ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺪﺭﺍﻝ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ" ﻭ "ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﺪﺭﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ" ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﻭﻓﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ )ﺷﺎﺥ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﺥ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ(‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺳﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺳﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺳﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺴﻮ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺳﮓ ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺒﻴﻞﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ‬ ‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬‫ﺑﺎﻣﺒﺮگ‬ ‫ ﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬‫ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬‫ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬‫ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬‫ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ‬‫ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺪﺭﺳﺎﻛﺴﻦ‬‫ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺳﮓ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬‫ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬‫ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺳﮓ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺪﺭﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﻟﺘﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺒﺮﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ‪ 13‬ﻓﺪﺭﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻊ ‪ 16‬ﻓﺪﺭﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻓﺪﺭﺍﻝ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ" )‪ (BnatschG‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺩﺭﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻮﻉﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ" ﺑﺮﻭﺷﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ" )‪(DJV Naturschutzbruschuere‬‬ ‫ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ – ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻳﺪ" ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ DJV‬ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2002‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ "ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ" )‪ (Life needs diversity‬ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻱ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﻌﻘﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﻮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ)‪ (1992 Rio‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 70/000‬ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺑﻬﻴﻮﺩ ﺯﻳﺴﺖﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪40‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﺒﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﺭﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻉﺭﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﺣﻮﺵ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ‪Wildtier- Informitonssystem der‬‬ ‫‪laender Deutschlands - WILD‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻉﺭﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺣﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ‪ DJV‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،2000‬ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺩﺍﻳﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻛﻪ ژﺍﻧﻮﻳﻪ ‪ 2003‬ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪10‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺧﺮﮔﻮﺵ‬ ‫)‪ ،((Lepus europaeuss‬ﺭﻭﺑﺎﻩ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﺭﻛﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻼﻍ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻼﻍ ﺣﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﻛﺒﻚ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﻲ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ )‪ ،( 2001/2002‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻛﺒﻚﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺧﺮﮔﻮﺵﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2002‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺧﺮﮔﻮﺵﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪ 663‬ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 0/33‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 110‬ﺧﺮﮔﻮﺵ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ‪ 100‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ 3/6 ،‬ﺗﺎ ‪34/8‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮﮔﻮﺵ ﺩﺭ ‪ 100‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪ 3/6‬ﺗﺎ ‪7/1‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮﮔﻮﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ‪ 100‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ‪ 17/4‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 34/8‬ﺧﺮﮔﻮﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ‪ 100‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ‪ WILD- Infosysetem‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ‪DJV –Webpag www.Jagdnetz.de‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ‪ WILD- icon‬ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ‪ 2‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫)‪(Deutsche Jagdschutz- Verband e. v‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺍﻫﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﺎﻡﺧﻤﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺭﺍﻩ ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪،630/1‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﺪﭘﺴﺘﻲ‪13197-34551 :‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪66830117 -66872720-66377740-3 :‬‬ ‫ﺎﭘﺎﭘﺎﻳﻴﻳﻴﺰ ‪13387‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜ‬ ‫ﺖﺷ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪﻪ ﺣﻔ ﻇ‬ ‫ﺎﻇ‬ ‫ﻓﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﺎﻣﻣ‬ ‫ﻠﻨﺎﻣ‬

‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫ﻣﻘـﺎﻟﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺤﺜﻲ ﺩﺭﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺍ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻳﺲ ﻛﺴﺎﻳﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺶ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻡ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻢ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺣﺮﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﺧﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﺎﺩﻡ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﻓﺘﻪﺍﻡ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺯﺩﻩﺍﻡ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﭘﻨﺞﺗﺎ ﺗﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻫﺪﻣﺎﻧﺘﺸﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﻴﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻢﻛﻢ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎﻥ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻲﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺲ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻲﺭﻭﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺿﺪﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻩﺍﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺑﺪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺟﻚ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺎﻣﺲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﻨﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺯﻧﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﻮﺟﺮﺳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻓﺰﺍﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻭ ﺧﺒﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺒﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺿﺪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲﻫﺎ‪ -‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‪ -‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺧﻼﻕ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺧﺒﺮ ﺑﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺨﺖﺗﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺑﻲ ﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺯﺟﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ) ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻧﺮﻭﻧﺪ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻤﻨﺪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ‪ 155‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭ ﭘﻮﻝ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻮﺟﺮﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪420‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺑﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺧﻼﻕ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻭﻧﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﻩﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﭼﺸﻢﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪...‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‪ -‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﻴﺪ!‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻮ ًﻻ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺿﺮﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺒﻌ ًﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﻨﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﺳﺨﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻤﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺴﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﻭﺍﻗﻒﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ‪ -‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﺖ‪ -‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﺍﺧﻼﻕﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺧﻼﻕ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮﻭﻧﺪﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﭼﺸﻢﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ ...‬ﻳﺎﺩﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ -‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻨﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦﻃﻮﺭ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ -‬ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﺧﻼﻕﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻛﺶﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﭼﺎﻕ)ﭘﻮﭼﺮﻫﺎ( ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺻﻴﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺧﻼﻕ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻛﺶ ﻗﺎﭼﺎﻕ ﻫﻢ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻳﻲ ﻛﻨﻢ‪ .‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻫﻴﺨﺘﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻴﺰﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﻏﻠﻂ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺸﻜﺎﻓﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫»ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﺽﺁﻣﻴﺰ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﮔﻴﻼﻥ«‬ ‫ﺭﻳﻴﺲ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺷﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﻮﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﻴﺲ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺷﺖ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﻋﺠﻮﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﺎﻗﻞﻣﻨﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺷــــﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩ‪ :‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺴﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﮔﻴﻼﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 7‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺕ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﺑﺰﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﻻﺏﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺑﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞﻣﻨﺶ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻔﻠﻮﺁﻧﺰﺍﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺣﺎﺩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻗﻮ‪ ،‬ﻃﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻱ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﻴﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻬﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺗﺎﻻﺏ ﺍﻧﺰﻟﻲ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،86‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪86‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﻴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺎﻻﺏ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻻﺏﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺰﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﻳﺦ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﮔﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﻲﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﻠﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﻳﻳﺦﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭘﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴ‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞﻣﻨﺶ ﺍﺫﻋﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺷﺖ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﻣﺴﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪!.‬؟‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞﻣﻨﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺷﺖ ﺯﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻧﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ :‬ﺁﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺮﻏﺎﺑﻲﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻴﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻏﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺯﻳﺒﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﻻﺏ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺷﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺧﺒﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺭﺿﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺨﻨﺎﻥ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻮﻻﻧﻪ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫»ﺑﺴﻤﻪﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ«‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪1387/09/26 :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺩﻋﺎﻱ ﺧﻴﺮ؛‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻣ ًﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ‪ 5‬ﺑﺮگ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﺠﻠﺴﻪ ﺍﻣﻀﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﮔﻴﻼﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻮﻻﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﻳﻴﺲ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﻒ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺸﻤﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺰﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺩﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻧﮕــــﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺤﻴــﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﮔﻴـــﻼﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺮ ﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻬ ﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺑﺎ ﻳ ﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻲ ﺯﺍﺭﻉ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺒﺮ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﻛﻮﺍﻻﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﻩ »ﺑﻴﺰ« ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻠﻔﻦﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻛﻮﺁﻻﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺭﻭﺑﻪﺭﻭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻮﺋﻴﻨﺰﻟﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻳﺴﺒﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺳﺎﻃﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﻠﻔﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ‪ 30‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﻛﻮﺁﻻﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻛﻮﺁﻻﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺲ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺋﻴﻨﺰﻟﻨﺪ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﻛﻮﺁﻻﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥﺟﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﺴﻞ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﻲ ﺗﻠﻔﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﺩ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺸﻒﻗﺪﻳﻤﻰﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﺎﻫﻰ ﺯﻧﺪﻩﺯﺍ‬

‫ﻓﺴﻴﻞ‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﺎﻫﻰ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ‪ 380‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻰ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺯﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﻑ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﺴﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﻰ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻰﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﺎﻫﻰ ﺯﻧﺪﻩﺯﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪13387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺒﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺴﺎﻝ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻭﺭﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻛﻮﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺖﻭﺩﻟﺒﺎﺯﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﺪﻱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺭﻫﺎﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻗﻼﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺯﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﺪﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻗﻼﺩﻩ ﻳﻮﺯﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﺪﺷﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﺟﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺍﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﺭﻫﺎﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺩﻭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺯﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻳﺮﻭﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺯﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﻫﺎﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﻓﺴﻴﻞ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﮕﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪Coelacanth‬ﻫﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻛﻮﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺴﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 350‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﺝ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ‪240‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 19388‬ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ coelacanth‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻛﺮﺗﺎﺳﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺩﺍﻳﻨﺎﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻳﻚ ‪coelacanth‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻴﻞ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﻮﺩﺁﻭﺭﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺷﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺷﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﻛﻮﻝ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﻢ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺷﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻥ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻛﺶﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﻩ ﻭ ﻛﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻫﺮﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺭﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﮕﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺘﻲ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺑﺨﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺁژﺍﻧﺲﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺑﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺳﻮﺩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻴﻬﻤﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﺁژﺍﻧﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ 15‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻋﻢ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺪﺑﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻔﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝﺯﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﻳﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻃﻼﻉﺭﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺷﮕﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﻢ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻛﻮﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﻐﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪9‬‬ ‫ﺷﻐﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﻩ ﻭ ﻛﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻛﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺷﭙﺰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻛﺶ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺳﺖﻛﻦ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺮﺍﻕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺷﻐﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬

‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﭘﻮﻟﺴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 100‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﺍﺯ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮﺥ ‪ 300‬ﻳﻮﺭﻭ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻧﺠﻮﻣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺻﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺋﺪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 150‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ‬

‫‪Photo: David De Lossyy‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﻳﺒﻮ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪ 500‬ﺩﻻﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﻤﺎﺭﻙ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ‪650‬‬ ‫ﺩﻻﺭ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻗﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺷﮕﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﺷﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻴﺐ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺖﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻓﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﻄﻤﻪ ﻣﻲﺯﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺁﺩﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻮﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺻﺒﺢ ﺗﺎ ﺷﺐ ﻋﺮﻕ ﺑﺮﻳﺰﻧﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﻭﻓﻪ )ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻧﺮ ﭘﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺜﻪ ﻭ ﺷﺎﺥ ﺑﺰﺭگ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ( ﺭﺍ ﺑﻜﺸﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺠﻴﺒﻲ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﺲ ﺁﻟﺮﺯﻣﻮﺭﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﻣﻜﺰﻳﻜﻲﺍﻻﺻﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﺪ‪" .‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺷﻖ ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺣﺸﻲﺍﻡ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﺸﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻡ‪".‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻨﺪﺍﺧﺖ‪" .‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻛﺶ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺯﺍﻧﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﺶ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﺪﻧﺶ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺕ ﺑﺒﺮﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﺳﺨﺖﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺳﺮﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﻨﺸﻴﻨﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎ ﻛﻨﻢ‪ .‬ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻡ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺐ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻗﻮچ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻴﺪﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﻴﺸﺎﺑﻮﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻮچ ﺭﻛﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﻢ‪ ".‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺳﺖﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪100‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﺍﺯ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮﺥ ‪ 300‬ﻳﻮﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻧﺠﻮﻣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻢ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﻴﭻ ﭼﻴﺰ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻡ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻛﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﻢ ﻭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺰﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﻴﭙﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪60‬‬ ‫ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻻﺭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫" ﺷﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﻮﻫﻨﻮﺭﺩﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﺐ ﭼﺎﺩﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻔﺮﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﺘﻤﻮﻟﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺸﺮ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺵﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻇﺮﻑ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻏﺎﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻏﺎﺕ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﺘﺮﭼﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺳﻮﻏﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁژﺍﻧﺲ ﻃﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻢ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪" .‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﺰﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﻮﻝﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻔﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻫﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﻏﺎﺕ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻟﺒﺎﺯﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺷﮕﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﺷﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪ ‪ -‬ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ‪ -‬ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺻﻞ ‪ 44‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻗﺮﻕﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﭘﺮﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺷﮕﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ‬

‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ‬

‫»ﺗﺎﺭﺯﻳﺮ ﻛﻮﺗﻮﻟﻪ«‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﺷﻨﮕﺘﻦ ﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﻧﺰﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ »ﺗﺎﺭﺯﻳﺮ ﻛﻮﺗﻮﻟﻪ« ﺭﺍ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺭﻭﻳﺘﺮﺯ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﻭﻧﺰﻳﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫»ﺭﻭﺭ ﻛﺎﺗﻴﻤﺒﻮ« ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ »ﻟﻮﺭ ﻟﻴﻨﺪﻭ« ﺩﺭ‬ ‫»ﺳﻮﻻﻭﺳﻠﻲ« ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ »ﺗﺎﺭﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺗﻮﻟﻪ« ﺭﺍ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫"ﺗﺎﺭﺯﻳﺮﻫﺎ" ﻛﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻘﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﺎﺵﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ؛ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻧﺪ ‪ 180‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﭽﺮﺧﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺑﻤﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﺯﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﺎﻥ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﭙﺎﻧﺰﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﺍﮔﺎﺳﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫)ﻟﻤﻮﺭ( ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ‪ 566‬ﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭼﺸﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺸﺎﺩ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺵﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1921‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭ ﻋﺠﻴﺐﺍﻟﺨﻠﻘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2000‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﻧﺰﻱ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺣﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﻛﻨﻨﻨﻨﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻘﺮ ﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮ ﻧﺍﻧ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﻲ ﺭﺭﺍ ﺍﺯﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺘﺘﻨ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﺩﺩﺍﺷ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻭ‬

‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻕ ﻳﺦﻫﺎﻯ ﻗﻄﺐ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ‪ 120‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻳﺦﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮﺱ ﻣﻨﺠﻤﺪ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻖ ‪ 3‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 120‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻳﺦﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮﺱ ﻣﻨﺠﻤﺪ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﻠﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺳﻪ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﻗﻮﺭﺑﺎﻏﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺷﺶ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻮﺭﺑﺎﻏﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺷﺶ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﻩ ﺑﻮﺭﻧﻴﻮ )‪(Borneo‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﻭﻧﺰﻱ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻳﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻜﻔﻮﺭﺩ )‪ (David Bickford‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﺎﭘﻮﺭ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻮﺭﺑﺎﻏﻪ‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫‪Chryseobacterium greenlandensis‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﮋﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﺨﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﻳﻨﻠﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﺨﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻘﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﮋﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ‪ 10‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻳﺦﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺏﻫﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ‪ 8‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻼﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺪﺷﻜﺎﻓﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﻩ ﺑﻮﺭﻧﻴﻮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻮﺭﺑﺎﻏﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻳﻚ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺪﺷﻜﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻧﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪AP‬‬

‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ 500‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ‬

‫ﺭﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﮔﺸﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‬

‫‪Photo: Nigel‬‬ ‫‪g Dennis - NHPA‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎﺷــﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﺰﻧــﺪﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺣﺘــﻲ ﺍﻧــﻮﺍﻉ ﺣﺸــﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺕﺑﺨﺶﺗﺮﻳــﻦ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳــﺮﮔﺮﻣﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﺑﺎﺫﻭﻗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻲﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﮕﺬﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻃﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﻘﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﮕﻮﺋﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ‪ 500‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﻮﺯﻟﻨﺪ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﻟﻴﻨﮕﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﻮﺯﻟﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﻮﺯﻟﻨﺪ ﻣﻲﺯﻳﺴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻨﮕﻮﺋﻦﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫»ﻭﻳﺘﺎﻫﺎ« ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﺸﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ‪ 500‬ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 500‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻧﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻨﮕﻮﺋﻦﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻘﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﻞ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ ﭘﻨﮕﻮﺋﻦﻫﺎﻱ »ﻭﻳﺘﺎﻫﺎ« ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻤﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻨﮕﻮﺋﻦﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﻩ ﻧﻴﻮﺯﻟﻨﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﮕﻮﺋﻦﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫‪ DNA‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎﻱ ﭘﻨﮕﻮﺋﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻘﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻨﮕﻮﺋﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﻞ ﭘﻨﮕﻮﺋﻦﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫»ﻭﻳﺘﺎﻫﺎ« ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻮﺯﻟﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺕ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﻨﮕﻮﺋﻦﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﭘﻨﮕﻮﺋﻦﻫﺎﻱ »ﻭﻳﺘﺎﻫﺎ« ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 500‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻨﻘﺮﺽ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻧﻴﻮﺯﻟﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﭘﻨﮕﻮﺋﻦﻫﺎ ﻃﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪» :‬ﻭﻳﺘﺎﻫﺎ« ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺩﺭ ﻭ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﻴﻮﺯﻟﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻔﺖ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﻮﺯﻟﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻼﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻨﮕﻮﺋﻦﻫﺎ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻘ ًﺎ ﻣﻔﺮﺡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲﺭﻏﻢ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﺩﻫﻪ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺭﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮ ﺑﻪﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﭽﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻪﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻟﻟﻴﻨﺪﺍ ﺷﺎﺭپ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻠﻦﺑﻮﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺶ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻳﻚ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺵﺧﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺮﻛﺖ )‪Suricata‬‬ ‫‪ (Suricatta‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎﺭﻱ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺁﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺁﺗﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ؛ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ – ﺟﻨﮓ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻭﻣ ًﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺍﻉ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺑﺎﺯﻱ – ﺟﺟﻨﮓ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺭپ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺴﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ – ﺟﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍ ً ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺵ ﺧﺮﻣﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﻥﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﺟﻨﮓ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻭﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ – ﺟﻨﮓ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﻥﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺰﺷﺎﻥ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻃﻮﻃﻲﺳﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻛﻼﻍﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺯﺍﻏﻲﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﻼﻍﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﻪﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﻪﺍﻱ ﭼﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﻮچﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺥﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻮﺷﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﺻﺮﻓ ًﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺒﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ‪ 22‬ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 86‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺷﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩ ﭘﺎﻧﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩ ﺟﺸﻨﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻴﺮﺻﺎﺩﻗﻲ ﺧﺎﻟﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ »ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ«‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺖ‪ :‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺸﻨﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ »ﻭﺍﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻜﺮﻳﻦ« ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺶ ﺑﺴﺎﺯﻳﻢ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﺳﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻭ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺯﮔﻲ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ »ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩ ﭘﺎﻧﺪﺍ« ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﺸﻨﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻭﺭﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺸﻨﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﻨﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﻠﻢﺳﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﺮﻗﺎﻭﻝﻫﺎ ﺗﺨﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﺯﺩﻧﺪ!‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ »ﮔﻮﺗﻤﻦ«‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺗﺮﻳﺸﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫"ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺑﻮﻃﺎﻟﺒﻲ" ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﺮﻗﺎﻭﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮ‬ ‫»ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻻﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﻗﺎﻭﻝﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺸﻒ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻻﻧﻪﺍﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻨﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪﺯﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﮔﺸﺖﺯﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺗﺨﻢﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﻗﺎﻭﻝ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺴﺖ ﺳﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺗﺨﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻧﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻡ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻧﺨﺴ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻌﻌﺪ ﺩﻭ ﺗﺨﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺯ ﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺗﺨﻢ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻻﻧﻪ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩﻩ‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﺴﺖﻭﺟﻮﻱ ﺗﻴﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﻗﺎﻭﻝ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻢ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻻﻧﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺒﺮﺩ ﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺗﺨﻢﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺗﺨﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻧﺎﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﮕﻴﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺗﺨﻢ ﮔﻤﺸﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﭘﻨﻬﺎﻥﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺗﻪﺯﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺸﻚ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺧﺮﻩ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻢ ﻛﺸﻴﻚ ﺑﺪﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺭﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻔﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺨﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﻗﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻴﺎﺑﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻛﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﻭﺩ ﺳﺳﺎﻋﺖ ‪ 3‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯﻇﻬﺮ ﻗﺮﻗﺎﻭﻝ ﻧﺮ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺩﻳﺪﺪﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺘﻒﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺨﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺖ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺮﺻﺎﺩﻗﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦﻛﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﺸﻨﻮﺍﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻓﺘﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﺟﺸﻨﻮﺍﺭﻩ »ﻭﺍﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﻜﺮﻳﻦ« ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻳﻚﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺮﻳﺴﺘﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻲﺑﻲﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﺴﻜﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‪،‬ﺁﺭﺍﺱ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺸﻨﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﻳﺪ ﺁﺗﺒﺰﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺳﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ‪22‬‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 86‬ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺮﺻﺎﺩﻗﻲ ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫"ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺯ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ" ﺧﺒﺮ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻳﻮﺯﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻴﺪﻭﺍﺭﻡ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺳﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺩﻡ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﺶ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺸﻚ ﭘﻨﻬﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻳﺰﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ "ﮔﻮﺗﻤﻦ"‪،‬ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺗﺮﻳﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪﻡ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﻳﻢ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﻢﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮچ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﺸﻴﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻔﺖﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﺮ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻔﺖﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻢﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﺯﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻗﺎﻭﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﺠﻴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻟﺐﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﻻﺏ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻜﺎﻟﻪ ‪ 1600‬ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﻗﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ‪6000‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻗﺎﻭﻝ ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻗﺎﻭﻝﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﺎﻻﺏ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻜﺎﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺻﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺨﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻛﻬﻨﻪﻓﺮﻭﺷﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﮔﺬﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻓﺮﻭﺷﺎﻧﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﺎﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻴﻮﭘﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍُﭘﺘﻴﻚ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻢ‬

‫‪Meostar B1 8x56‬‬

‫‪Meostar R1 4-16x44 Tactic‬‬ ‫‪Meostar B1 7x42‬‬ ‫‪Meostar B1 8x42‬‬ ‫‪Meostar B1 10x42‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﺁﻭﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻭﺭﻧﻜﺮﺩﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﻮﭘﺘﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻭﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﺷﮕﺎﻩ ﭼﺎﻟﻮﺱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪ 0191-2222568 :‬ﺗﻠﻔﻜﺲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ 0191-2221124‬ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‪0911 1912124 :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﺷﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺭﺝ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪-021 33113263 :‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪Meostar B1 7x50‬‬ ‫‪Meostar B1 10x50‬‬

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‫ﭼﺎﺷﻨﻲ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺗﺼﺎﺣﺒﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻣﻪ ﺻﻔﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺩﻭﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻲ ﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﭘ ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ ﭼﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﻘﺎﻕ ﺣﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻔﺶ ﺑﺮﺣﻖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﺯ ﻭ ﭼﻤﺎﻕ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺷﻌﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻛﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﻴﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺡ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﻣﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﺪﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻛﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﻃﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺻ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ ﻭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﺭﺿﻪ ﺣﺎﺩ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ‪ 10‬ﺻﺒﺢ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻭ ﺷﺘﻢ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺩﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮ ﻧﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻣﻮﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻴﺲ ﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﺗﻤﺎﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﻴﺲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻃﻼﻉﺭﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﻠﻴﺲ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﭘﻠﻴﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ‪ 12:55‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻴﺲ ﺗﺠﻤﻊﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 300‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻛﻼﻧﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ‪ 4‬ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ 31‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ‬ ‫‪ 1354‬ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺤﺒﻮﺣﻪ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 13644‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﺪﺍﻧﻢ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻻﻥ ﻭﻗﺖ ‪240‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﺧﻪ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻲ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻲ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﺧﻪ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ؛‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 18‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ!‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺑﻄﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﻲ | ﺍﻳﺴﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺳﺮﺧﻪﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺳﺒﺰ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻳﻢ ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺒﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﺪﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻼﻙ ﻭ ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﺧﻪﺣﺼﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﻪ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ ﻏﺒﺎﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻳﺴﺖ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺁﻏﺎﺯﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻭﻕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ 33‬ﺍﺻﻼﺣﻲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﮔﻔﺖ‪" :‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺗﺼﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ 1365‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺼﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫ﺣﺘﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻲﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺧﺖﻭﺳﺎﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪".‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﻳﺴﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺻﺪﻭﻕ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﻫﻴﭽﻜﺲ ﻧﮕﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﺯﻳﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﻢ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ؟ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻲﺁﻣﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ ﺍﻻﻥ ﺻﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ! ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻫﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻲ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺝ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻕ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺮ ﺷﺐ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﻣﭗﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺎﻟﻮژﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦﭘﺎﺭﻙﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻭﺭﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺸﺎﺑﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻭﺭﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ‪ 250‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﺣﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺸﺎﺑﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ‪ 35‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺣﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻍ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ )ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻴﺪﺭﻣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﻣﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﭼﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺿﻠﻊ ﺁﻥ ﺳﻜﻮﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻭ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﺪﺩ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺯ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﻪﺯﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﺣﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪81‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺲ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ 450‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻴﺪﺭﻣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻘﻪ ﻭ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻣﺎﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻣﻮﻟﻚ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻍ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﭘﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺘﻲ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺍﻛﺒﺮ | ﺍﻳﺴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺒﺮ‬

‫ﺧﺮﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺑﻪﺧﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺮﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻍ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻫﻴﮕﺎﻳﺸﺎﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺗﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺭﺩﻧﺰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ژﺍﭘﻦ ﺳﺒﺰﺭﻧﮓ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﻧﮓ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﮕﻔﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﮔﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺮﺱﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﺸﺎﻥ ﻛﭙﻚ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻮﺭﻣﺐ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻍ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻫﻴﮕﺎﺷﻴﺎﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ژﻭﺋﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺕ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺶ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺟﻠﺒﻚﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﻠﺒﻚﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻱ ﺧﺮﺱﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻏﻴﺮﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﺷﻮﻛﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻓﺼﻞ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺭﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺒﻚ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺱﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﻗﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻻﻥ ﺷﻬﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻲﺭﻏﻢ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺭﻳﻴﺲ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺠﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻲﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﺧﻪﺣﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺣﺮﻳﻢ ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻛﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‪ 13‬ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺷﻬﺮﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﺧﻪﺣﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﻙﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻜﺬﻳﺐ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ!‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ‪ 13‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﺧﻪﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ »ﺩﺭﻩ ﺍﻓﻼﻙ« ﭼﻨﺪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﻧﺠﺮ ﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﺳﺮﻩ ‪50‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻕ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻜﺬﻳﺐ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ :‬ﺟﻠﺴﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺧﻪﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﻫﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺮﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻩ ﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻇﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﺧﻪ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﻪ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻏﺒﺎﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻲ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﺧﻪ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻛﺮﮔﺪﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻲﺷﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﺯﺍﺩ ﻛﺮﮔﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺵ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺎ ﻣﻲﺍﻳﺴﺘﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 11‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﮔﺪﻥ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻔﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻪﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺎﺥ ﻛﺮﮔﺪﻥﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﺷﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1174‬ﻫﺠﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺷﺮﻕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺧﺠﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺧﻪ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻗﺮﻕ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﺮﺧﻪ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﻝ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﻭﺧﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺎﺭﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺧﻪ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺧﺠﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺟﺎﺟﺮﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ‪ 72‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ‪ 600‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪1361‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﺼﻮﺑﻪ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﺧﻪ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ‪ 9‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ‪ 380‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﮕﻲ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻜﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﭙﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺷﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﮔﻨﺠﻴﻨﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﺧﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻭ ﺣﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺐ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪ 740‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﺧﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻛﻢ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻭ ﻛﻮﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﻪ )ﭘﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺸﻲ( ﻭ ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻡ ﻛﻮﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻏﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﻫﻤﺠﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﻭﺧﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ‪ ،‬ﻧﺨﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻗﻼ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﻧﺠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﻻﻑ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺪﺍﻡ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ژﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ژﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻓﻼﺕ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺭﺯﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻳﻨﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺭﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺧﺠﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺧﻪ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻜﺴﻴﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺪﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻏﻨﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﺧﻪ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪،‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻭﺍﻻﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺍﺭ ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺰ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺁﻫﻮ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻔﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮگ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺑﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 110‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﻋﻘﺎﺏ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻﺷﺨﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺩﻙ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻮﺍﺻﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻛﻮﺏﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺳﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻻﻙ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﻙﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻨﺠﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻣﺪﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺕ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺯ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺷﺖ ﻛﻮﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫‪ 35‬ﻛﻠﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺯ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﺧﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣـﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻭﺍ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻣﺤﻤﺪﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﺳﺪﻫﻲﻧﻴﺎ‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ‬

‫ﻋﻜﺲ‪ :‬ﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﺰﺍﺩ ﻳﻮﺳﻔﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﺍﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1335‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1346‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1353‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺻﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺑﻪﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻔﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﻨﺎﻫﮕﺎﻩ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﻨﺒﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻭ ﮔﺰﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻓﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ‬

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‫ﭘﺎﺭﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺎﻫﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﺣﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺟــﻤـﻊ‬

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‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻭ ﺭﻫﺎﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻕﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﻫﺐ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺩﻓﺘﺮﭼﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﭘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺧﺬ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﺁﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺁﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﻬﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ؟ ﺗﻔﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﻭ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﮕﻮﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻛﻴﺴﺖ؟‬ ‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﺷﺐﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻥ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻤﺎﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻩ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﺖ؟‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻋﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﻤﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻋﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻛﺸﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﻓﺪﺍﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺯﺣﻤﺘﻜﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﭼﻪ ﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺼﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﮕﻮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﻭﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﺣﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻓﺘﺮﭼﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻩ؟‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ »ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻛﺲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﺪ«‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬

‫‪1387‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫ﭘﭘﺎﻴﻳﻴﺰ ‪8‬‬ ‫‪87‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺷﻜ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺎﻇﻇ‬ ‫ﻠﻨﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﻓﺼﻠﻨ‬

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‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺍﺯﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺒﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻀﻞ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻲ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺸﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﺿﻤﺤﻼﻝ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺭ ﺧﻢ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻮﭼﻪﺍﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻳﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺍﻧﮕﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺠﺎﻝ ﮔﻨﺎﻩ ﺑﻲﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻲﺭﻭﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺟﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻋﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺪﺭﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﻩ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﻭ ﻓﺪﺍﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻐﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻛﻤﺮﻧﮓ ﺗﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻣﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻲ ﻧﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﻕﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺳﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻬﻴﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻭ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺁﺑﺰﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺽ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺑﻪﺳﻮﻱ ﺍﻳﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻕ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻣﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻜﺮ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻫﻦ ﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﺭ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺻﻌﻮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺩﺭﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻭﺍ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﭼﻬﻞ ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‬

‫ﺧﻴﺮﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻮﺣﻤﺰﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺮ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺒﺮ ﻫﻴﺮﻛﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ )‪ (panthera-tigris‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺷﺘﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻖﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﻏﺮﺏ ﮔﻴﻼﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻜﻮﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺱ ﻫﺮﻡ ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻧﺸﻴﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻪ ﻏﺮﺵ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺟﻔﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﺟﺜﻪ ﭘﺮﺍﺑﻬﺖ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻮﺽ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺴﻮﺱ ﻭ ﺁﻩ ﺳﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﻮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﺪﺍﻫﺎ ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﻻﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺑﺒﺮ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺷﺎﻧﺲ ﺟﻔﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺣﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻻﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻔﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺟﻔﺖﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺑﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ؟‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻏﺬﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺰﻧﺪ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﻐﺎﻝ( ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻀﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﺨﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺮ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﻮﻳﻴﻢ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺷﻴﺐ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺒﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﭼﻬﻞ ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺧﺰﺭ ﭘﻨﺎﻩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺗﻨﺪ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺷﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻧﺪ ‪...‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺯﻳﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﻪﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﻪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻲﺗﺎﺯﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺟﻔﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺮﺩ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻲﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻳﻮﺯﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻓﻜﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﻜﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺧﺰﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺒﺮ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ ﺁﻳﺎ ﻳﻮﺯﭘﻠﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻭﻳﻼ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻟﻲﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻏﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﺑﺒﺮ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪ؟ )ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﻮﺯﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺷﻴﺐ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺧﺰﺭ ﭘﻨﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ(‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺟﻔﺖﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻢ ﻫﻢ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻔﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﻱ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻣﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻔﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﻧﻌﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﺩ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺻﺪﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻳﻮﺯﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻔﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔـﻮﻧـﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻱ ﻻﻏﺮﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ؛ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﺔ ﺷﺎﺥ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻱ‬

‫»ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﺥ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺰ ﺟﻼﻱ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺩ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪ؛ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻮﺯﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺳﭙﻴﺪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﺥ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻚ ﺷﺴﺖﻭﺷﻮ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﺒﺎﻩ ﺑﻪﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺴﺖﻭﺷﻮ ﺩﺍﺩﺓ ﺷﺎﺥ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻢ ﮔﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻻﻏﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪﻣﻌﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻋﻼﺝ ﺑﺮﻗﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﺯﺑﺮﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲﺳﻴﻨﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪﺻﺪﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﺠﻮﻳﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺷﺎﺥ ﻣﺮﺍﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪ 3‬ﻣﺎﻩ )ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ(‬ ‫‪34‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ‪ 2000‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﺔ ﺷﺎﺥ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺑﻪﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱﻫﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺷﻔﺎ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻪ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﮔﺪﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻞﻫﺎ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﮔﻮﺯﻥﻫﺎ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺷﺎﺥ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪﻛﺸﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻥ ﺷﺎﺥ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺠﺐ ﻧﻜﻨﻴﺪ؛ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺫﻫﻦ ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺪﺍﻋﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺁﻳﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺵ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﺯﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﺧﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺯﻥﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺳﻤﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺳﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﺗ ًﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺭﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺟﺜﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻮﻛﺎ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ‪ 100‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺥ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺯﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺷﺎﺥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ )ﻛﺎﺭﻳﺒﻮ( ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﺥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻧﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﻴﭻﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺷﺎﺥ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﺓ ﮔﻮﺯﻥﺳﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺒﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﺓ ﮔﺎﻭﺳﺎﻧﺎﻥ )ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺁﻫﻮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﻝ ﻧﺮ‬

‫ﮔﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺯﺭﺩ ﻧﺮ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻛﺎﻱ ﻧﺮ‬ ‫ﺷ‬

‫ﻭ ﻛﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺰﻫﺎ( ﺟﻨﺲ ﺷﺎﺥﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺎﺥ ﺑﻪﺷﻜﻞ ﻏﻼﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺥ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺑﺮﺁﻣﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺧﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺷﺪ ﺷﺎﺥﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻲ ﺑﻪﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﻚﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﮔﻮﺯﻥﻫﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺟﻼﻝ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻮﻩ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺒﻚﺳﺮﻱ ﺑﻪﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﻙ ﺳﺒﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻗﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺞ ﺗﺨﺘﻪﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺯﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺨﻤﻠﻲ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﺭگﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻪﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺷﺎﺥ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺻﺪﻣﻪﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ‬ ‫‪ 2‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 4‬ﻣﺎﻩ ﺭﻓﺘﻪﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻚﻫﺎ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻗﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﺎﺥ )ﻗﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﺥ( ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﺭگﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺎﺥ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﻧﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﺷﺎﺥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﻮﺗﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺧﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻗﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺨﻤﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺎﺥ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺷﺎﺧﻚ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻃﻲﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﺎﺥ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺎﺧﻚﻫﺎ ﺳﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺍﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﺥﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻳﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﻮﺯﻥﻫﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺁﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺭﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺟﻔﺖﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﺷﺎﺥ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺗﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻏﺬﺍ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻠﻤ ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺁﺳﻮﺩﻩﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺗﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﻑ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻏﺬﺍ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺷﺎﺥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﺥ ﻭ ﺑﺮگ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﮕﺎﻝ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﮕﺮﻳﺰﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻡ ﺷﺎﺥﻫﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﺭﺙ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺷﺢ ﻫﻮﺭﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺮﺷﺢ ﻫﻮﺭﻣﻮﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺥﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﮔﻮﺯﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺷﺎﺥﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺯﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﭘﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻬﻨﺴﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺷﺎﺧﻚﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻪﺁﻧﻬﺎ »ﺳﻴﺨﻮ« ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺥﻫﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺎ ‪10‬ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻲ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪﺍﻓﻮﻝ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻮﻛﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻲ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻚ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺥﻫﺎ ﺍﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺘﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺨﻤﻠﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺎﺥ ﻣﺮﺍﻝﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺠﻮﻧﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻲ« ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻗﻴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﻑ ﺑﻪﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﻮﺭﺁﻻﺕ ﺑﺪﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﭼﺎﻗﻮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺥ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺟﻠﻮﻩ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﺎﺥﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻧﻖ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﺳـﻼ ﺡ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ )‪(Semi-Automatic‬‬

‫ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻗﺒﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﭼﺎپ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺑ ﺧ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﺍً ﺩﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺤﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻧﺤ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺷﻠﻠﻴﻚ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺸﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 15‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 30‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻓﺸﻨﮓ ﺻﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺳﻼﺡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺷ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺡ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻴﺎژ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻓﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺡ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﻳﻔﺎ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺮﺍ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻉ ‪Pomp-‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺖﻛﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫‪ Action‬ﺣﺮﻓﻪﺍﻱﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺷﻜﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ 5‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 7‬ﻓﺸﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺠﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻱ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺷﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﭼﻮﻙ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻼﺡﺡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺣﺮﻓﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺩﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺟﺟﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍً ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪﻪ‬ ‫‪36‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺾ ﺍﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻞ ﺗﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻧ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺟﺰﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻮﺳﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻡ‪ .‬ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺣﺮﻓﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﭙﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ!‬ ‫ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﻛﭙﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻳﻞﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺭﻳﻞ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﮕ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﭼﻜﺎﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻴﺎژ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻢﺗﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻭﻗﺖ ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﭼﺮﺍ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ؟‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺠﺎﺳﺖ؟ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻛﺜﺮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻣﮕﻨﻮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺡ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺡ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺩﻩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ!‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﻛﺸﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻜﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻼﺡ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺠﺎﺳﺖ؟‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻼﺡ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ‪ f-nn‬ﻫﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﻭﻧﻴﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﺸﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻭﻧﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻴﺎژ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1905‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﮕﺮﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﺩﺳﺖ ﭘﺮ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻼﺡ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﻛﺸﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺳﻼﺡ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺍﻛﺸﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﻠﻴﻚ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻓﺸﻨﮓ ﺷﻠﻴﻚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻼﺡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﻔﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﻭﻧﻴﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺷﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﻛﺸﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦﺁﻻﺕ ﺳﻲﺍﻥﺳﻲ ‪C.N.C‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﻼﺣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ )ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺗﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻨﻠﻲ(‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﻼﺡ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﻛﺸﻦ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻨﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺗﺎ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺭﻭﺁﺋﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﮔﻠﻨﮕﺪﻥ ﺧﺎﺹ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ!‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺩﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺳﻼﺡ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺳﻼﺡ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﻙ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﺣﺮﻓﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫‪SUPER BLACK EAGLE‬‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻓﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼﺡ ‪E‬‬ ‫‪ II‬ﺑﻨﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻇﺮﻑ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻭ ﻟﮕﺪ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ RUFFAELLO SUPER SPORT‬ﺧﻨﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﺮﻳﻊﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻏﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺩﻙ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﭼﻮﻙ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻼﻙ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺭﻣﻴﻨﮕﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﭽﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺗﻴﺮﺍژ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﺳﺖ!‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﻛﺸﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺮﺥ ﻓﺸﻨﮓ ﺻﻨﻒ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪1387‬‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﺸﻨﮓ‬

‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ )ﺭﻳﺎﻝ(‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬

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‫ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ)ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ(‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ )ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ(‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﻨﮓ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪ 270‬ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﻨﮓ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪ 7‬ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﮕﻨﻮﻡ‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﻨﮓ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪ 22‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﻨﮓ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪ 22‬ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻝﺁﺭ‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﻨﮓ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪ 8/75‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﻨﮓ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪ 8/57‬ﻭ ‪ 7/57‬ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﻨﮓ ‪ 22‬ﻣﮕﻨﻮﻡ ‪WMR‬‬

‫‪ 60/000‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪70/000‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﻨﮓ ‪ 22‬ﻫﻮﺭﻧﺖ ‪Hornet‬‬

‫‪ 70/000‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪80/000‬‬

‫‪ 8/000‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪15/000‬‬ ‫‪ 6/000‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪) 8/000‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭﭘﺎﺭﻩ ‪(20/000‬‬ ‫‪ 200/000‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪) 300/000‬ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ‪ 150/000‬ﺍﻟﻲ‪(200/000‬‬ ‫‪ 300/000‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪400/000‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ‬ ‫‪ 20/000‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪30/000‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ‬ ‫‪ 100/000‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪120/000‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫‪37‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺳـﻼﺡ‬

‫ﻧﺮﺥ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻧﻮ )ﺭﻳﺎﻝ(‬

‫ﺩﺭﺣﺪ ﻧﻮ)ﺭﻳﺎﻝ(‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻩ )ﺭﻳﺎﻝ(‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﻟﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﻱﻫﻢ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪12‬‬

‫‪180/000/000‬‬

‫‪140/000/000‬‬

‫‪ 80‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 100‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﻟﻮﻝ ﺑﻐﻞ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪12‬‬

‫‪150/000/000‬‬

‫‪120/000/000‬‬

‫‪ 80‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 100‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﭘﻨﺞﺗﻴﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻜﺶ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪ -12‬ﺑﺮﺗﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻨﻠﻲ‬

‫‪150/000/000‬‬

‫‪100/000/000‬‬

‫‪100/000/000‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫ﭘﻨﭻﺗﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪122‬‬

‫‪170/000/000‬‬

‫‪150/000/000‬‬

‫‪100/000/000‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﻟﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﻱﻫﻢ ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪12‬‬

‫‪200/000/000‬‬

‫‪170/000/000‬‬

‫‪150/000/000‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﻟﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻚ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪12‬‬

‫‪250/000/000‬‬

‫‪170/000/000‬‬

‫‪ 80‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 140‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﭼﻚ ﺯﺩﻛﺎﻛﺎ ‪ 600‬ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪270‬‬

‫‪200/000/000‬‬

‫‪160/000/000‬‬

‫‪ 100‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 120‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪ 22‬ﺧﻔﻴﻒ ﭼﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﻮ ‪2‬‬

‫‪65/000/000‬‬

‫‪60/000/000‬‬

‫‪ 25‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 35‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪ 22‬ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ ‪ 5‬ﺗﻴﺮ‬

‫‪50/000/000‬‬

‫‪40/000/000‬‬

‫‪30/000/000‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪ 222‬ﻣﮕﻨﻮﻡ‬

‫‪100/000/000‬‬

‫‪80/000/000‬‬

‫‪ 40‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 60‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪ 22‬ﻫﻮﺭﻧﺖ‬

‫‪100/000/000‬‬

‫‪80/000/000‬‬

‫‪ 40‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 60‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫ﺗﻚ ﻟﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪12‬‬

‫‪14/000/000‬‬

‫‪ 9‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 11‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 7‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﻟﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪12‬‬

‫‪ 22‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 25‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪20/000/000‬‬

‫‪ 14‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 18‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﻮ ‪ -‬ﻧﺨﺠﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪ 270‬ﻧﺨﺠﻴﺮ‬

‫‪35/000/000‬‬

‫‪30/000/000‬‬

‫‪25/000/000‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫ﭘﻨﺞﺗﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪122‬‬

‫‪33/000/000‬‬

‫‪30/000/000‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫ﺗﻚ ﻟﻮﻝ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪12‬‬

‫‪ 12‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 18‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 6‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 8‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫ﺗﻚ ﻟﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪12‬‬

‫‪30/000/000‬‬

‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻼﺡ )ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ(‬

‫‪ 16‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 20‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﻟﻮﻝ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻫﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪12‬‬

‫‪32/000/000‬‬

‫‪ 24‬ﺗﺎ ‪30‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 18‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 20‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﻟﻮﻝ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﺭﻭﻱﻫﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪12‬‬

‫‪45/000/000‬‬

‫‪40/000/000‬‬

‫‪ 25‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 35‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﻟﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪12‬‬

‫‪80/000/000‬‬

‫‪60/000/000‬‬

‫‪ 40‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 50‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫ﭘﻨﺞﺗﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪122‬‬

‫‪25/000/000‬‬

‫‪20/000/000‬‬

‫‪15/000/000‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫ﭘﻨﺞﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪122‬‬

‫‪20/000/000‬‬

‫‪ 150‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 180‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 80‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 120‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ‪60/000/000‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ ‪45/000/000‬‬

‫‪35/000/000‬‬

‫‪ 25‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 30‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪200/000/000‬‬

‫‪ 150‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 180‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 50‬ﺗﺎ‪ 80‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪250/000/000‬‬

‫‪ 100‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 150‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 100‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 120‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 150‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 200‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 100‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 80‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 100‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 300‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 170‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 150‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫ﺳﻼﺡ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﻮﻝ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪12‬‬

‫‪ 90‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 70‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 50‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 60‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫ﺳﻼﺡ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﻱﻫﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪12‬‬

‫‪ 10‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 8‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 7‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫ﺳﻼﺡ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻭﻟﻮﻝ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪12‬‬

‫‪ 120‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 100‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 80‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫ﺳﻼﺡ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻭﻟﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﻱﻫﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪12‬‬

‫‪ 200‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 170‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 140‬ﺗﺎ‪ 180‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 32‬ﺳﻼﺡﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ )ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧﻲﭘﻨﺞﺗﻴﺮ(ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ‪12‬‬

‫‪ 250‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 170‬ﺗﺎ ‪200‬‬

‫‪ 150‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧﻲ ‪ 8/57‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﻨﭽﺴﺘﺮ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ)ﭘﻨﺞﺗﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲ( ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪122‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﻨﭽﺴﺘﺮ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ )ﭘﻨﺞﺗﻴﺮﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ( ‪7 -30-06‬‬ ‫ﻣﮕﻨﻮﻡ ‪270-300‬‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﻣﻴﻨﮕﺘﻮﻥ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ )ﭘﻨﺞﺗﻴﺮﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲ( ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪122‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪ 27‬ﺭﻣﻴﻨﮕﺘﻮﻥ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ )ﭘﻨﺞﺗﻴﺮﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧﻲ( ‪7 -30-06‬‬ ‫ﻣﮕﻨﻮﻡ ‪270-300‬‬

‫‪38‬‬

‫‪ 22‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 28‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 2‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺗﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ »ﺯﻭﺑﻴﻦ« ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻣﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺯﻭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺯﻭﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪ – 1‬ﺍﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺣﺮﻓﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻠﺰﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺣﺮﻓﻪﺍﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺭﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﻴﻜﻲ‪ -‬ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍپ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻜﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻠﺰﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﻓﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻞ–‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻱ ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ‪ -‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻓﻪﺍﻱ – ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﻚ – ﻟﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻱ‪-‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ‪ -‬ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺳﺎﻟﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ‪ -‬ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺯﻭﺑﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻲ–‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﻨﻲ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼﺡ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻼﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺷﻴﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻔﻔﺮﻳﺤﻲ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺗﻴﺮﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻲ ﻣﺪﺭﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺠ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ ‪. -‬ﻭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﮕﻴﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﻭﺭﺯﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻋﻄﺎﻱ ﺟﻮﺍﻳﺰ ﺍﺭﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﺗﺮﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻓﺮﻡ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ‪09124613860‬‬ ‫‪091246138‬‬

‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻼﻱ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ،45‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪ 88515487-8 :‬ﻧﻤﺎﺑﺮ‪www.zsshs.com info@zsshs.com 88503193 :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ‬

‫ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻥ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻳﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ s‬ﻛﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻧﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺗﻬﻲﮔﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺒﻚﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲﺗﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚﺗﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺗﻪﺯﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻻﺑﻪﻻﻱ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻛﻤﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖﺗﺮ ﺣﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻫﻨﻮﺭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎﺕ ﭼﻨﺪﺭﻭﺯﻩ )‪cross-‬‬ ‫‪ (suntry‬ﻭ ﺻﺨﺮﻩﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ‪ ...‬ﺍﻳﺪﻩﺁﻝ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬

‫‪Photo: Ricky Molloy‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﺨﺮﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‪kathy pilneyy :‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﺁﺭﺵ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻫﭙﻴﻤﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺵ ﺭﻭﺯﺗﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺷﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ! ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﺮﺡﺗﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺷﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺷﻤﺎ!‬

‫‪External P‬‬ ‫‪Pack‬‬

‫‪Internal Pack‬‬

‫‪40‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ‪ :‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ )ﻓﺮﻳﻢ( ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦﺗﺮﻱ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ( ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺗﻪﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻲ ﭘﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻳﻢﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻ ًﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺎﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﭘﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺷﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ! ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﮔﺘﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻪﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺕﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﻃﻮ ﻻ ﻧﻲ ﻣﺪ ﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻧﻴﻢﺗﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬

‫ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ‪(Toros fit) :‬‬

‫ﻫﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻢﺗﻨﻪ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ )ﻧﻴﻢﺗﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ( ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻧﻴﻢﺗﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻃﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻢﺗﻨﻪ )‪ (torso‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ )ﺑﺮﺁﻣﺪﮔﻲ ﭘﺸﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ( ﺗﺎ ﺧﻂ ﻛﻤﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻃﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻢﺗﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪﺟﺎﻱ ﺧﻂﻛﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻ )ﺑﺮﺁﻣﺪﮔﻲ ﭘﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﻥ( ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﻧﻴﺪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻬﻲﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﻂ ﻛﻤﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺯﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻓﺮﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺘﺎﻥ ﺷﺴﺖ ﻣﺠﺴﻢ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻂ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮﺗﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺳﺖﺗﺎﻥ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﻃﻲ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ )ﺑﺮﺁﻣﺪﮔﻲ ﭘﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﻥ( ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺧﻂ ﻛﻤﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‪ torso‬ﻳﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻧﻴﻢﺗﻨﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﻴﻢﺗﻨﻪ ‪ torso‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 16‬ﺗﺎ‬ ‫‪ 22‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ 18‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ)‪(small‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 188‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 20‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫)‪ (medium‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ‪ 20‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻳﺎ )‪ (large‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﻤﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺟﺮﺍﺟﻮﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺗﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ‬

‫‪Cabela's All-Day‬‬ ‫‪Transpo‬‬ ‫‪orter Fanny‬‬ ‫®‪Pack with Scent-Lok‬‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻧﻲ‬

‫ﮔﻔﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚﺭﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ :A‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 2500‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ )ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ‪ 40‬ﻟﻴﺘﺮ(‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻳﻚﺭﻭﺯﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻫﭙﻴﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﻑ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ :B‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ‪ 2500‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 5999‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ) ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪ 40‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 65‬ﻟﻴﺘﺮ(‪ :‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻔﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ :C‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ‪ 40000‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 5999‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ ‫) ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 65‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 98‬ﻟﻴﺘﺮ(‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻲ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ :D‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ‪ 98‬ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﺕﺩﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﭙﻴﻨﮓ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺟﺮﺍﺟﻮﻳﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﺭﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺳﺎﻥﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺧﻂﻛﺶ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﻢﺗﻨﻪ)‪ :(torso‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﻢﺗﻨﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫)‪ (torso‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻧﺘﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺽ ﺑﺪﻫﻴﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻧﻴﻢﺗﻨﻪ ﻫﻤﻨﻮﺭﺩﺗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ!‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻ ًﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻮﻫﻨﻮﺭﺩﺍﻥ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺑﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﺪﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎﺗﻤﺎ ﮔﺎﻧﺪﻱ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﻔﻴﻦﻫﺎ؛ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺷﮕﻔﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺳﺖﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺁﺩﻡﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﻔﻴﻦﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺮﻙﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻫﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﻔﻴﻦﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﺑﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﻕ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﺑﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﺣﻮﺍﺳﺸﺎﻥ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺧﻮﺍﺑﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺸﻜﻲﺯﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﺩﻭﻟﻔﻴﻦﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻲﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻃﺮﺯ ﺑﺎﻣﺰﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﻨﺪﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻟﺐﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻫﺎﺿﻤﻪ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ ﻛﺮﻭﻛﻮﺩﻳﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺪﻩ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻩ ﻛﺮﻭﻛﻮﺩﻳﻞ ﺑﻪﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺻﺨﺮﻩﺍﻱ! ﺍﻭ ًﻻ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻫﺎﺿﻤﻪ ﻛﺮﻭﻛﻮﺩﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﻻﻙﭘﺸﺖﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺯﺭﺍﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻮﻓﺎﻟﻮ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻭﻛﻮﺩﻳﻞﻫﺎ – ﺑﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ؟! ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﻠﻌﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺪﻩﺷﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺷﻨﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻀﻢ ﻏﺬﺍﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻭ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ!‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺲ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻃﻲ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻜﻌﺐﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺸﻤﺎﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮓﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ‪...‬‬

‫ﺁﻳﺎ ﻃﻮﻃﻲ ﺳﺨﻦﮔﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ؟!‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻃﻲﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﮕﻔﺖﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﺻﺪﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﺗﺎﺯﮔﻲ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ »ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ« ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻃﻮﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺷﮕﻔﺘﻲ ﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻃﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻛﺎﭘﻴﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﻠﻴﻨﺖ )ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﻩ ﮔﻨﺞ(‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺵ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﻃﻮﻃﻲ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ ‪ 27‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺲ ‪ ،Alexx‬ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺸﻤﺎﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻧﮓﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍً ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪﻓﻜﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺖ! ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﻧﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺳﻮﺍﻻﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺳﻨﺪ‪» :‬ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﻫﺴﺖ؟«‪» ،‬ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺳﺒﺰ ﻫﺴﺖ؟«‬ ‫ﻳﺎ »ﭼﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ‪ 5‬ﺗﺎﺳﺖ؟« ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺲ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﻥ ﭘﭙﺮﺑﺮگ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﻮﻃﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺲ ﺑﭙﺮﺳﻴﻢ »ﭼﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺳﻪ ﺗﺎ؟« ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺭ ﺳﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﻪﻣﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺤﻨﻲ ﺳﺮﺯﻧﺶﺁﻣﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ :‬ﻫﻴﭽﻲ!‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺲ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﺩ »ﺻﻔﺮ« ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪﺟﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ »ﻫﻴﭽﻲ« ﺭﺍ ﻳﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻳﻦﻛﻪ ﺑﭽﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻲ ﺗﺼﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻃﻲ ‪ 27‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﮕﻔﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺮﻍﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﻠﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﻳﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻘﻞ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟!‬ ‫ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺰﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ؟‬‫ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ!‬‫ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ؟‬‫ ﻫﻴﭻﻛﺪﺍﻡ!‬‫ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎﺳﺖ؟‬‫ ﻫﻴﭻ! ﻫﻴﭻ!؟‬‫‪42‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬‫ﺟﺎﻱ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﭗ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﺨﺮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ‬‫ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫)‪ ،(S‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺁﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺎﻧﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﻨﺎﻍ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻲ ﻧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ‬‫)ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ( ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤ ًﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺸﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻻﻳﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ )‪ (Pading‬ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ )‪ (Trampoline‬ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ‬‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺿﺪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺿﺪﺁﺏ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻲﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﭼﻴﺪﻥ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮﻙ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ‬

‫‪Carrying‬‬ ‫‪Capacity‬‬ ‫‪city‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﭽﻴﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻚﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺗﻪ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺿﺪﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺁﺳﺎﻥﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻤ ًﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ! ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲﺗﺮﻱ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺕ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖﮔﺮﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻭﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻭﺵﺗﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻴﺎﻗﺖ ﺣﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Diamond‬‬ ‫‪Di‬‬ ‫™‪d Peak‬‬ ‫‪P k™ Series‬‬ ‫‪S i Packs‬‬ ‫‪P k‬‬

‫ﻟﺒﺔ ﺗﻴﻎ‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺵﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ‬

‫ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻧﻲﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺷﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﻍ ﺧﺸﻜﺴﺎﻟﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺼﺎﻑ ﺑﺪﻩ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﻮﻧﺨﻮﺍﺭﺗﺮﻳﻢ؟‬

‫ﺳﺮ ﻣﺎﻛﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭ!‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻧﻲﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻳﻞﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻫﻮﻟﻨﺎﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺻﺨﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻛﺎﻙ ﻓﻮﺭﻣﻮﺳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎﻭﺭ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﻗﻬﻮﻩ ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻣﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺳﻮ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺯﮔﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﻢ ﺟﻮﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺗﻔﺖ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ؛ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻬﻮﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﻃﺮﻓﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺷﺎپﻫﺎ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺳﺮﻭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍً ﻗﻬﻮﻩ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﻳﺤﻪﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﻧﻴﻞ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺷﺖﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺗﺎﻳﭙﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ‪ 2007‬ﺟﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻧﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻨﺠﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﭙﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺑﻮﺩ!‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺟﺮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺭﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻔﺮﻭﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺩ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻟﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﮔﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍﻝ ﻟﻔﻈﻲ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺭﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺨﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺵ‪ -‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ -‬ﻛﺴﺐ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻒ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﺭﻣﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻛﺎﻙ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ!‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺯﺧﻢ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺣﻔﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻐﺰ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻜﻪ ﺗﻜﻪ ﺑﻔﺮﻭﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﻏﻢ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻧﻲﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺰ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻃﺒﻲ ﻗﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻐﺰ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻛﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻬﺮﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ!‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺯ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﻬﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1948‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ » ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ« ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﮔﻴﺮﻩ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻔﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻥ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﻗﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻱ ﺳﺮ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻴﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﻴﺰ ﻭ ﭼﻜﺶ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﻣﻐﺰ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻗﺎﺷﻖﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﻬﻤﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﻣﻐﺰ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺰ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺩﻥ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻧﻪ ﻻﺑﺪ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ!‬

‫ﺁﻫﻮﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮﺍﺳﻨﺎﻙ ﻭ ﭘﻮﻳﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﺷﺖ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻍ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﭘﻴﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﻭﺿﻊﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺴﺘﻨﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻭﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻣﻖﺍﺵ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﺴﺖﺟﻮﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﻙ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﺩﺑﻮﻡ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﻱﺍﺵ ﺳﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﺸﻴﺪ‪ -‬ﭼﺸﻤﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺟﻮﻳﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺩﺭﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻙ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻳﻎ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻝ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺗﺸﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻟﺒﺎﻥ ﺗﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺍﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺨﻴﺴﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﺑﺎﻧﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻨﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ ﺑﻴﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﺑﺪﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻪ ﭼﺎﺭﻩ؟ ﭼﺎﺭﻩﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﺟﺰ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺗﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﺷﺖﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﺸﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻤﻪﺍﻱ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷﻚ ﺑﻲﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺗﻬﻲ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ‪ -‬ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﻧﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﻭ ﻫﻤﮕﻨﺎﻧﺶ‪ -‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻼﺡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻳﺪ؛ ﻣﮕﺮ ﭼﺎﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺸﻤﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺳﻨﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺼﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺩﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺳﭙﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﻖﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﻭﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺑﻲﺭﺣﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﻥﻛﺶ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻨﻪﻛﺶ ﺩﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﻫﻮﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻠﻲ ﻫﺮﺍﺳﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﭼﻪ ﭼﺎﺭﻩ ﺟﺰ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻦ؟ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ﺑﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﻱ ﺁﺁﻫﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻴﻮ ﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻤﻨﺎﻙ ﻫﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺵ ﻬ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﮔﺎﻩ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﺎﻱ ﺧﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻛﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻤﺎﺎﻥ ﻧﻧﻮﺭﺍﻓﺍﻓﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺸ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﻃﺒﻴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2006‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺷﻤﻦ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﮕﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﻟﻔﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﻳﻚ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﻋﺒﺮﺕ ﺁﻣﻮﺯ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺧﻮﺵﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﺮﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻟﺘﻮﻳﻲ ﻛﻬﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲﺍﺵ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭگ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﻪﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﻣﻲ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫‪...‬‬

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‫ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﻴﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﻫﺎﻳﻢ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺐ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻨﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﭙﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻳﺪﻡ ﻭ ﻟﺒﺨﻨﺪﻱ ﺯﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻡ ﻛﻪ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺘﻢ ﻭ ﻛﻼﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻜﺸﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﻛﻴﻨﮓ ﺭﻓﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻡ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮژﻩ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻜﺎﺳﻲ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﻞ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺻﺒﺢ ﺯﻭﺩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺧﻠﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﺁﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺧﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﺭﻭ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻟﺘﻮﻳﻲ ﻛﻬﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺍﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻼﺵ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺟﻠﺪ ﭼﺮﻣﻲ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺭﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﺟﺎ ﺧﻮﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ‪ 20‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻜﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺍﻭ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻨﺶ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻟﻲ ﺟﻠﻮ ﭘﺮﺗﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﻴﺰ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻠﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺐ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺑﺸﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﭼﻴﺰ ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺒﻴﻞﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺁﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻛﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻠﻮﻏﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ! ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﻞ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ! ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺒﺨﻨﺪﻱ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻼﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻜﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻳﻢ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﺁﻟﻔﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺳﻜﻴﻤﻮﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻨﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ ﻓﺮﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﺩ‪ :‬ﻣﮕﻪ ﺁﻣﺪﻱ ﻗﻄﺐ ﭘﻴﺮﻣﺮﺩ؟! ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﭘﻴﺮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻟﺒﺨﻨﺪ ﺯﺩﻡ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺯﻳﺒﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻲ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺁﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﺗﺮ ﺯﺩﻳﻢ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺧﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪﻡ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﻢ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻪ؟ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ :‬ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺮﻱ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﺪﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﻢ ﺷﺎﻡ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ! ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﻢ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻫﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺁﺷﭙﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﭘﺮﻳﺪﻡ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺭﻝ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺩﻩ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻥ ﺁﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺧﻔﻪﺍﻱ ﻧﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﻠﺒﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﻧﻔﺴﺶ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﺮﺱ ﻛﻮﺩﻳﺎﻙ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺪ ‪ ....‬ﺍﻭﻝ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﺧﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺪﻱ ﺍﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺷﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺷﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﻓﻮﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﺁﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻢ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺎﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﻱ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺗﺮ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﮔﻔﺘﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﻭﺭژﺍﻧﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺒﺮ ﻛﻦ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﻄﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻭﺭژﺍﻧﺲ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﻮﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺒﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻭﺭژﺍﻧﺲ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻝ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻳﺎ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺁﻣﭙﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﻴﭽﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻻ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ‪ 90‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺖ ﺍﻭﺭژﺍﻧﺲ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻭﺭژﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﺮﻳﺾ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺎﺱ ﺑﻲ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﻣﻦ‪،‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻓﻮﺭﻱ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻡ ﺁﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ ccu‬ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﺶ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺍﻍ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺭﻓﺘﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺟﺮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻮﻳﺎ ﺷﺪﻡ ﻭ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﺑﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﻲ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺎ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺷﺎﻧﺲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﭼﻪ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺠﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪﻡ‪ :‬ﭼﺮﺍ؟ ﻭ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ‪ :‬ﺁﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪5‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 5‬ﺗﺎ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ )ﻛﻼﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻜﺶ( ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺭگﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﻧﻲ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﻘﺒﺾ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭگﻫﺎ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻟﺨﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭگﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﻄﻦ ﭼﭗ ﻭ ﺩﻫﻠﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﻜﺘﻪ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮگ ﺣﺘﻤﻲ ﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪...‬‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺧﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺗﻌﺠﺐ ﻛﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻡ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺎ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪ ﭘﺲ ﭼﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﭗ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻧﺸﺪﻡ! ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻼﻩ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪...‬‬

‫ﻛﻮﻩﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻐﺬﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪ :‬ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺑﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻐﺬﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ‪ATP‬‬ ‫)ﺁﺩﻭﻧﻮﺫﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻱ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ( ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻭﺣﻴﺪ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺑﻲ‪،‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖﻣﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮﻳﻲ ﮔﻔﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻛﻮﻩﻧﻮﺭﺩﺍﻥ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻛﻮﺷﺶ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺮﺳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻜﺎﺭﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ژﻳﻤﻨﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻪﻪﺧﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﺭژﻳﻢ ﻏﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ژ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺭﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻏﻠ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻛﻮﻩﻧ ﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺟﺰﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭژﻳﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻭﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺭژﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﺫﺑﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺁﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﭘﻨﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﻛﺴﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻛﻢ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺍﻣﻴﺪﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﺣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻼﻳﻢ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻛﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻻﻟﺖ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﺧﺒﺮ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻐﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪﺍﺯﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕﻭﭼﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺑﺮﺳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﺪﻧﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻐﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺑﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻐﺬﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻥ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺁﺩﻧﻮﺯﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻱ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺭژﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻣﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﻚ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻏﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮژﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.22 .‬ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮژﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺁﺳﺎﻥﺗﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻏﺬﺍﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﻠﻮﻛﺰ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .4 .‬ﺑﺎ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺗﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭژﻳﻢ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ ﻟﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻢ ﭼﺮﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﺖ ﺑﻪﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺶ ﺍﻧﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻏﺬﺍﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻮﺷﻴﺪﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺎﺑﻪﻫﺎ ﮔﻔﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻ ﺕ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﺩﺍ ﻪ‬ ‫ﺪﺕ ﺑﺑﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺷﻴﺪﻧﻲ ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﮔﻠﻮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻥ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺏ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﻳﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻓﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻧﻲﻫﺎ‬

‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻲﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﺍﻳﺮﻭﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭼﺸﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﻧﺸﻴﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﭘﺮﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻓﺶ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﻗﻮﺵ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﮔﭽﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﻟﻜﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﻟﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻗﻠﺐ ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻭﻋﺪﻩ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻮﺭﺍً‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺰﺷﻚ ﺑﺒﺮﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﻮﺵ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻀﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻮﺵ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻡ ﭘﺎ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻭﺭﻡ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺰﺷﻚ ﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻠﺪﺭﭼﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﻮﺍﻙ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻫﻔﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻ ًﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﭘﮋﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﭼﺸﻤﺎﻧﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻓﺴﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﮕﺬﺭﻳﺪ ﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻧﻤﻲﺩﻫﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻌ ًﺎ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﺪﻫﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺚ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺕ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺷﺤﺎﺕ ﺯﺭﺩ ﭘﻨﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻭ ﮔﻠﻮ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺯﺧﻢ ﺩﻫﺎﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺧﻤﻴﺎﺯﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻳﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﻛﺮﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﺁﻧﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﻮﺗﻴﻚ ﻭ ﭘﻤﺎﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻭﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺷﭙﺶ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﺮ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺼﺒﻲ ﺷﺪﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﻮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻭﻳﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻏﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺚ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺎﻣﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺸﺮﻩﻛﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺮﺗﺮﻭﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻛﻠﺮﻓﻮﻝ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺷﭙﺶﻫﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩ ﭼﻮﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﺧﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺒﻮﺩﻱ ﺩﻳﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻛﻪ ﺎﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍ ﻜ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﻜﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻥ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﺍ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ‪ -‬ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‬

‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺵ ﻨ‬ ‫ﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﺮﺳﻴﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺧ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺁﺯ‬ ‫ﻴﺎﺑﺎﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﺍﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻬ‬ ‫ﻮﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﭼﻪ ﺧﻴﺎﻁ ﮔﻠﺸﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ،1‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪4‬‬ ‫ﺩﺩﺍﻧﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪6635‬‬ ‫‪66‬‬ ‫‪3538‬‬ ‫‪3858‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻜﺲ‪58 - 66353785 :‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ‪09353866097 :‬‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻛﺒﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ )ﺩﺍﻣﻐﺎﻥ(‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺒﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021_22114549:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﺎﻛﺲ‪021_22117255:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‪0912_3796178:‬‬ ‫ﺁﺩﺭﺱ‪15:‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﻣﻐﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕﺁﺑﺎﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻧﻴﻚﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﭘﺎﻳﻳﻴﺰ ‪1338877‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﻃﺒﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺷﻜ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇ‬ ‫ﺎﻇ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪﻪ ﺣﻔ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻠﻨﻨﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﺼ‬

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‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻭﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻛﺒﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺵ ﻛﺒﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺮﻭﺯﻩ‪،،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺗﺨﻢ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺭ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﻳﻜﺮﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﺪﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻤﭽﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﻪ‬

‫ﺩﻳﺪﮔـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻍ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻃﺎﻟﻊﻧﺤﺲ‬

‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﻧﺤﺲ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺩﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﮕﻔﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﮔﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺷﺌﻮژﻧﺎﺕ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﺍﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻦﺗﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺷﺮﻁ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﺧﻼﻕ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪﻱ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻏﻠﻂ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩ ﺑﻪﺟﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﺜﻨﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺣﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻲ )ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺭﺩﻳﻦ( ﺭﻭﺯﺑﻪﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥﻛﺶﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﭼﺎﻕ ﺑﻪﻃﺮﺯﻱ ﻓﺠﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ )ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩﻩ( ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﺑﻪﻣﻌﻀﻠﻲ ﺟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺧﻂ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺘﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ‬ ‫– ﺍﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﺍﻳﻢ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ – ﺑﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻡﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻇﺎﻟﻤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻃﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﺩﺳﺘﺨﻮﺵ ﺍﻣﻴﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﻨﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﺳﻮﺩﺟﻮ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻃﻠﺐ‬

‫‪Photo: David Sutherland‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﭼﺎﻕ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﻃﺮﺣﻲ ﺍﺍﺯ ﺁﺁﺭﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ! | ﻃ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻮ ﺎ ﻙ‬ ‫ﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺻﻮ ًﻻ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺻﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﭼﺎﻕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻣﺬﻣﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺑﻪﺷﺪﺕ ﻧﻜﻮﻫﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺨﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﭼﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺠﺮﻭﺡ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻳﺘﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻟﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺨﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺗﻲ ﻣﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺷﻚ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﭼﺎﻕ ﻭ ﻗﺼﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ )ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ( ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺑﻪﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺭﻭﻧﻖ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﻛﺜﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻨﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻪﺍﻃﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﺎﻣﻮﺯﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪﺳﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻫﺮ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﻢ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ‪ eBayy‬ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﻭﻧﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺤﻨﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺯﺷﺖ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ )!( ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﻭﺑﻪﺭﻭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻣــﻮﺵ ﻧﻜﻨﻴــﻢ ﻛــﻪ ﻧﻮﺷــﺘﻦ ﻳــﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺳــﺎﻝ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻜﺲ ﻳــﺎ ﺍﻱﻣﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒ‬

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‫ﺍﻧﺪﻳـﺸﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻴﺪ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﻱ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍژﮔﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ ‪y‬‬ ‫)‪ (Environmental philosophy‬ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺎﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻳﺎ ‪ .Ecotheology‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻫﻴﺨﺘﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱﺗﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﻔﺘﺎﺭﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺑﻀﺎﻋﺖ ﻣﺰﺟﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ‪) .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺨﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ(‪.‬‬

‫‪hamid-zakeri.blogfa.com‬‬

‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‬

‫‪Illustration: Jane Neville‬‬

‫‪...‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫»ﺷﺎﻋﺮﺍﻥ ﺁﻳﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻧﺪ«‪...‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻩ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻳﻴﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﺮﺿ ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻳﺎﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ؛ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﺗﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﻳﻴﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﺯﺗﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪» :‬ﺷﺎﻋﺮﺍﻥ ﺁﻳﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻧﺪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﺣﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻭﻗﺖﻫﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻮﺷﺪ ﺁﻳﻴﻨﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺛﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ– ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺒﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﺭﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫)‪ (Ecosophy‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﻨﺒﺶ ﺍﻛﻮﺳﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻛﻮﺳﻮﻓﻲ ‪y‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(Ecotheology‬ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻱ‬ ‫ژﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ‪y‬‬ ‫ﻥ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺸﻲ ﭼﭼﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺸ‬ ‫ﺗﻼﺵﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﻮ‪-‬ﻓﻤﻴﻨﻴﺴﻢ ﺸﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻛ ﻓ ﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘ ﺎﻋ‬ ‫)‪ (Shelly‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻌﺮﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻠﻲ ‪y‬‬ ‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﮓ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﻛﻮﺷﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﻦ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩﻣﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﻲ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ‪ 25‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ‪ 5‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ‪ Eco-Philosophy‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺯ ﺷﮕﻔﺘﻲ ﺷﻜﻮﻓﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺷﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ -‬ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻭﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻲﺣﺴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﺗﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ‪ Eco-Philosophy‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺣﻮﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ‪Eco-‬‬ ‫‪Eco‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩ ﮕ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ))ﻳﺎﺎ ﺑﻪﻪ ﻋ ﺎ ﺕ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻜﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻫﻤﻪﻪ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫ ﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺎ ﺍ ﻦ‬ ‫‪Philosopher‬ﻫﺎ( ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭ ﻭﺍﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ‪ 2400‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺫﻳﻤﻘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺲ ﺗﺎ ژﺍﻥﭘﻞﺳﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺳﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺒﻴ ﺖ‬ ‫ﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺷﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻔﺎﻇ‬ ‫ﺎﻇ‬ ‫ﺎﻣﻪﻪ ﺣ‬ ‫ﻠﻨﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﻓﺼﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬

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‫ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ‬

‫ﭘﺎﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻔﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ ﻭ ﻋﻜﺲ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺟﻌﻔﺮﻱ‬

‫ﻋﻜﺲ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺟﻌﻔﺮﻱ‬

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‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺮﻣﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ؛ ﺑﻲ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﺁﺏ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻠﺖ ﺁﺩﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺸﻨﻪ ﺗﺸﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮ ﻫﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ! ﭘﻚ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺯﺵ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺳﻔﺮﻩ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻟﻘﻤﻪﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﮔﻔﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮ ﻣﮕﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺧﻮﺩﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ!! ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﻧﻐﻮﺯﻩ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ؟!‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻴﺰ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺣﺮﻓﺶ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺁﻧﻐﻮﺯﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻓﻌﻪﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻳﺰﺩﻱﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺁﻧﻐﻮﺯﻩ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ! ﺁﻧﻐﻮﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﺍ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺟﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻐﻮﺯﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ ﺷ‬ ‫ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻃﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺩﺭ ﭘﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺶ ﻫﻫﺮﻡ ﺁﻓﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﺩﺍﺭﺵ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺧﻂ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩﺍﺵ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺼﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻲ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺷﺼﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺵ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻧﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﺯﺵ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪﻡ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﻛﻮﻫﻲ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﻡ ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺏ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﺯﻱ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﺴﺖ ﻭ ﮔﻔﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎ ﺑﺮﻭﻱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﻜﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ‬‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺘﻮ! ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺧﺪﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻝ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺑﻬﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻄﺮﻱ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻫﺶ ﻛﺮﺩﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﻲﺍﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﻔﺘﻴﻢ ﻧﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﻲ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺐ ﮔﻔﺖ ﺗﻮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﻮﻥ ﻗﻤﻘﻤﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻫﻢ ﻏﻨﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺖ! ﮔﻢ ﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﻡ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺍﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﺧﻠﻮﺗﺶ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻤﺎﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻧﺪ!‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﻧﺪ!‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻪﻪ ﻐ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻧﺶ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻐﻮﺯﻩﺍﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩ ﮕ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻐ ﺯ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻣﻬﺮﻳﺸﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺫﺭ ﺻﻔﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺟﺸﻦﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺘﺮﺍﮔﺎﺗﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺘﺮﺍﻛﺎﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺘﺮﺍ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﺸﻦ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻨﺪﻭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺭﺷﺪﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻳﺶ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺯﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻢ ﻛﻴﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﻫﺸﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﮔﻔﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺷﺘﮕﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻫﻮﺭﺍﻣﺰﺩﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﻤﺎﺭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﺩﻳﻦ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺷﻜ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻔ ﻇ‬ ‫ﺎﻇ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪﻪ ﺣ‬ ‫ﻠﻨﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﻓﺼ‬

‫‪1387‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪38877‬‬ ‫ﭘﭘﺎﻳﻳﻴﻴ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﻫﺸﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻫﺮﻣﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻧﺰﺩﻫﻢ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺘﺮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻡ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻴﻤﺮﻭﺯ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺮﺕ ﻋﻴﺪ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺸﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻗﻮﺍﻡ ﺁﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻴﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﺟﺎﺕ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻛﺸﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺤﺮﺍ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻧﮕﻬﺒﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺤﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺳﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺨﻢ ﻏﻼﺕ ﻭ ﺣﺒﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﺎﺭﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺘﺎﺑﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﭘﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻭﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﻮﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺒﺎﻥ ﺭﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﻬﻦ ﻣﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻪ ﭼﻴﺰ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺑﻴﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮگ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻭﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏﻫﺎ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻌﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺸﺖ ﻭ ﺟﻤﻌﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻓﺮﺳﺘﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﺭ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺮﻭﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺑﺎ ﻇﻠﻤﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺮﻭﺍﻱ ﻟﺸﮕﺮ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺮﻭﺍﻱ ﻟﺸﮕﺮ ﻇﻠﻤﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﻫﺮﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﻍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﻠﻪ ﮔﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺒﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻛﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﻏﻢ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻳﻪ ﻟﺸﮕﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻫﺮﻣﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﮕﻮﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻛﺪﺍﻣﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﺭﻧﮕﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺟﺸﻦ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻜﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻼﺵ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺷﺶ‪ ،‬ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﺩﺍﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺰﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﺘﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﻣﻪ ﻟﺸﮕﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩ ﻣﻴﺘﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭﻭﻍ ﻧﻤﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺵ ﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺒﻠﻲ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺰﻭ ﻟﺸﮕﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻫﺮﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺷﺶ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﻧﺰﺩﻫﻢ‬

‫ﻣﻬﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺷﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﺸﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﺟﻼﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻫﻢ ﻣﻬﺮﻣﺎﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺗﺸﺖ ﻫﻢ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻮﺭﺍﻣﺰﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﺧﺪﺍﻱ ﻳﮕﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﺮﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻫﻮﺭﺍﻣﺰﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﺰﺩﻣﻬﺮ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺰﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻫﻮﺭﺍﻣﺰﺩﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺩﻩ ﺁﻧﺎﻫﻴﺘﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺯﺭﺗﺸﺖ ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺸﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺯ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻡ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺸﻦﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺷﻜﻮﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺸﻦ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺷﺶ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺗﺎ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺭﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﻔﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺪ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻋﻴﺪ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺛﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﺶ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭ ﻭﻗﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻛﻬﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻭﺭﻧﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺤﺎﻙ ﺗﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﺎﻳﻪ ﺷﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻛﺮﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﺐ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺿﺤﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺭﺑﻪﺩﻭﺵ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺗﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻇﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺸﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻭﻩ ﺁﻫﻨﮕﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﺒﻨﺪ ﭼﺮﻣﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺴﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻏﺮﺵ ﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻛﺎﺥ ﺿﺤﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛــــﺎﻭﻩ ﻓﺮﻳﺎﺩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﮔــﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺿــﺤﺎﻙ ﺗــﺎﺯﻱ ﭼﺮﺍ ﺑﻨﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻋﺪﺁﺳﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻭﻩ ﻭﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎ ﻛﺮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻲﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﺒﺮ ﺧﺸﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﺧﻮﺍﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﺵ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺮ ﺁﺑﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﺸﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﻭﻩ ﺷﺘﺎﻓﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺥ ﺿﺤﺎﻙ ﺗﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﻮﺭﺵ ﺑﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺒﺮﺩﻱ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺿﺤﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻮﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﻓﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺟﺸﻦ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻓﺮﺩﻭﺳﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺮﺍ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﭼﻮ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻜﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻧﺪﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﺟﺰ ﺧﻮﻳﺸﺘﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺎﺝ ﻭ ﺗﺨﺖ ﻣﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺑـﭙﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺥ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺧﺠـﺴﺘﻪ ﺳﺮ ﻣـﻬﺮﻣﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﻬﺎﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻼﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻭﺭﻱﻫﺎ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻨــﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺟﺸﻦ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺑﻮﺭﻳﺤﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺷﺘﮕﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﻭﻩ ﺁﻫﻨﮕﺮ ﺷﺘﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺿﺤﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺨﺖ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﮕﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻮﺳﻌﻴﺪﮔﺮﺩﻳﺰﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺻﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻬﻞ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻫﺠﺮﻱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺟﺸﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯ )ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ( ﺁﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﻴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻋﻴﺪ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺐ )ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺍﺳﺐ( ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺿﺤﺎﻙ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺳﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺧﺎﻥ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺿﺤﺎﻙ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺯﺭﺗﺸﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻐﺎﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺒﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺪﻱ ﻃﻮﺳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺷﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﻓﺮﺥ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺯ ﻧﺒﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺯ ﺿﺤﺎﻙ ﺗﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﮔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﭼﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻦ ﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﻣﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻩ ﻣﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺑﻮﺭﻳﺤﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻬﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﻧﺰﺩﻫﻢ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻣﺶ ﻣﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﻇﻔﺮ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻴﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺩﻭ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺤﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻛﻮﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﻤﻪ ﭼﺸﻴﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰﻱ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﮕﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺟﺸﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ‪ :‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﻼﻳﻚ ﻳﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﺪﺩﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﻭﻩ ﺁﻫﻨﮕﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﺖ ﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺿﺤﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺟﺸﻦ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﺮﭘﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﺒﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﮔﺸﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺩﻛﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﺎ ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺸﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺧﺴﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺑﻮﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﻭﺷﻨﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺸﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺸﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻧﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺑﮕﺬﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻲﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﭼﻴﺰﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺵ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻡ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﻮﻧﺘﺎﺵ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻴﺮ ﭼﻐﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻣﻴﺮ ﮔﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺼﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﺰ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﺯﻱ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻓﺮﺩﻭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺪﻱ ﻃﻮﺳﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺑﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺷﺎﻋﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺭﻭﺩﻛﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﻣﻐﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺻﺮﺧﺴﺮﻭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﺱ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺰﺷﻚ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﺭﺩﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺩﺷﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻟﺒﺎﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﻏﻮﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺍﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺧﻨﻴﺎﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺟﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺴﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻜﻮﺑﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﮕﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﺲ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺩﺷﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺸﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻜﻮﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﻮﺑﺪ ﻣﻮﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﭽﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﻟﻴﻤﻮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﻠﻮﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﺍﻧﮕﻮﺭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻔﺖ ﭼﻴﺰ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﻔﺖ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺰﻭ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺟﺸﻦ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺁﻣﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺩﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺑﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺎﺟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺏ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﭘﺎﺩﺷﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻋﺠﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺟﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﺍﻭﻻﺩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﻬﺪﻧﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺧﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻥ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻦ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﻚ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺪﻧﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﺩﺷﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻋﺠﻢ ﺁﻣﺪﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺪ ﻣﻮﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻣﻮﻥ ﺧﺎﻭﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺘﺮﺍ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ »ﺳﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﻧﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﭙﻦ ﻭﻛﺘﻲ« ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺯﺍﻳﺶ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﻔﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺩﺳﺎﻣﺒﺮ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻴﺴﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻴﺴﺎ ﻣﺴﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﻭﻳﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺩﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻴﺢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺯﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﺴﻴﺢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺴﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺸﻦ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻋﻴﺴﺎ ﺟﺸﻦ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﻤﺲ ﻋﻴﺴﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﻬﺮﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺩﺷﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﺳﻪ‬ ‫)ﺗﺨﺖ ﺟﻤﺸﻴﺪ( ﺑﺎﺭﻋﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻔﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺑﺪ ﻣﻮﺑﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎﻥ ﻗﺸﻮﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺟﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﺡ ﻃﻼ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺩﺷﺎﻩ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﻔﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻧﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﻭﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺴﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺭﺩﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﻣﻴﻬﻨﺎﻥ! ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺸﻦ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺑﺮﭘﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﻮﻃﻨﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺗﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻴﻬﻨﺎﻧﻤﺎﻥ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻮﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ‬

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‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺎﺭﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﺒﻴﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺷﻜ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﺎﻇﻇ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪﻪ ﺣﻔ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻠﻨﻨﺎﺎﻣﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﻓﺼ‬

‫ﭘﺎﭘﺎﻳﻳﻴﺰ ‪11338877‬‬

‫ﺁﺑﭙﺎﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺭﻭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻫﻢ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺳﺮﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﭘﺎ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﭘﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺯ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﺎﻟﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﻻﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻭ ﻗﻨﺎﺕ ﮔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺳﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻧﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻑ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻫﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺳﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﺎﻟﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺪﺑﺎﻧﻮﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺸﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﮔﻼﺏ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﮔﻼﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺁﻳﻨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﭼﻬﺮﻩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﻟﺮﻙ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﭘﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﺮﻙ ﺁﺟﻴﻞ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻢ ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮﺩﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﺨﻮﺩﭼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﻤﺶ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺑﺖ ﻭ ﭼﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻧﺴﻜﺮﻳﺖ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﻫﻤﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻭﺳﺘﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﺰﺩ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﻍ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺯﺭﺗﺸﺘﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺏ ﻣﻬﺮ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﺩﻭ ﺟﺸﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺧﺸﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻭﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺍﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﻧﻴﺎﻛﺎﻧﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺩﻭ ﮔﻨﺠﻴﻨﻪ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺒﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺸﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮﻛﺠﺎ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺟﺸﻦ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺸﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻜﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺯﻳﺒﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺠﻮﻡ ﺑﻴﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻅ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻪ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻋﺰﻳﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﻴﮕﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺳﺤﺮﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﺟﺰ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﻮﻃﻨﺎﻥ ﺯﺭﺗﺸﺘﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻚ ﺗﻚ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺣﻲ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺣﻴﺎ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺳﻼﻃﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻭﻭﺩ ﻇﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺡ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﻧﻴﺰﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﮔﺬﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻮچ ﺑﺎﺷﻜﻮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻔﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺡ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻗﻮچ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻤﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 4000‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮﺯ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ 6500‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﻮچ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺜﻪ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﺷﺎﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺪﺍﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻧﺮ ﺗﺎ ‪ 180‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﺎﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 190‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ )ﺗﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺪﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ(‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻗﻮﭼﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﺎﺥ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ!‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺧﻨﺠﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺳﻮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻤﺸﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻛﻮﻩ ﻣﻨﮕﻠﻴﻚﺳﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻴﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎ )ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎﻥ(‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺁﻟﺘﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻕ ﭼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺖ‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﻗﻴﺰﺳﺘﺎﻥ )ﺍﻭﺵ(‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺗﺎﺟﻴﻜﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ .4‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﺧﺎﻥ )ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﺑﺰﺭگ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ( ﺷﺎﺥ ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺷﺪ ﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻗﻮچ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﻮﭘﻮﻮﻟﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻖ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﺟﻴﻜﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻓﻐﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﺑﺰﺭگ‬ ‫ﻥ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﺧﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺟﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻥ ﻛﻮچ ﻛﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﺗﺎﺟﻴﻜﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ ﻭ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺧﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﻐﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻗﻮچﻫﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﺭﻛﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺘﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺮ )ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﻛﻮﭼﭼﻚ(‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 44000‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪،‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ )ﻣﻤﻠﻮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺰﻝﺁﻻ ﻭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺷﺖﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‪ ،‬ﺗﭙﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫‪ 5000‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﻭ ﭼﻤﻦﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻗﻮچﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ )ﻗﺎﺯﺧﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻭﻗﻞ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ( ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺳﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺐ ﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺒﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﮔﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﺑﺰﻛﻮﻫﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺒﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻝ ﻓﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻗﻮچﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮگ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﻭ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺰﻝﺁﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﺒﻬﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﮔﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ‪100‬ﻭ‪ 200‬ﺗﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺮ ﺑﻴﻨﻨﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﻠﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺑﻬﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻮچﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮ ﻭ ﺑﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮگ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻣﻲﺯﻧﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮگﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺷﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﻪ ﻣﻲﺯﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺖﻧﺨﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺷﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖﺩﻭﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﺎ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪﺟﺰ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺟﻴﻜﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﻓﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻭﻓﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩﺑﺮ ﻗﻮچﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮگ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﻭ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ »ﮔﺮﺕ ﮔﻴﻢ« ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ »ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ« ﻛﻪ ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺧﻨﺠﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺧﻨﺠﺮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 5000‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻗﻠﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﮕﻠﻴﻚﺳﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻠﻞ‬ ‫‪ 6000‬ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﻗﻮچ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎﺭﺍﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻭﻭﺩ ﻇﺮﻳﻒ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺎﺭﺍﻝ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺭﻛﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﻓﺼ‬

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‫ﻋﻜﺲ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬

‫ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻳﺮ )ﺳﻴﺎﻩﻛﻮﻩ(‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﺰﺍﺩ ﻳﻮﺳﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺪﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ‪ 442212‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻧﺎﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮﻱ ﻧﺎﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ ﻣﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻧﺨﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺰﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﺯﺣﻤﺘﻜﺶ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﺎﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺶ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺮ ﺯﺣﻤﺖﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻳﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺫﻫﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺁﺏ ﺷﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻣﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ‪ 200‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶ )‪ (Red Sheep‬ﻭ ﺟﺒﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺁﻫﻮ ﻭ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻳﻮﺯﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻛﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﻩ ﺷﻨﻲ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﻭ ‪ 359‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﻃﻠﺒﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﮔﺎﻩ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻜﺮﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺑﻲﺩﺭﻳﻎ ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﻮﻓﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺟﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﮔﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻣﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺧﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻻﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫‪NGO‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻻﺯﻣﻪ ﺷﻜﻮﻓﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ‪O‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻱ ﺑﻲﻛﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻫﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻬﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪6600‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺒﻴﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺷﻜ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﺎﻇﻇ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪﻪ ﺣ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻠﻨﻨﺎﺎﻣﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﺼ‬

‫‪1387‬‬ ‫‪1387‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﭘﺎﭘﺎﻳﻴﻳﻴﺰ ‪87‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﻋﻜﺲ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﺠﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﺳﻲﺧﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﻳﺪﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺧﺠﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﺰﻳﺰﻣﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﺳﻲﺧﺎﻧﻲ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻜﺶ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﺠﻴﺮ‪...‬‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﻳـﺎﺩﻭﺍﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻭ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺻﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺟﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻭﻭ‬

‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻭﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﺷﺖﺁﻟﻮﺩﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺎﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺠﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻴﺰ ﺷﻴﺸﻪﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﺸﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﺪ؛ ﺭﺯﻕ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺯﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮگ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻣﻲﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻐﻀﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﻭ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺍﺷﻚ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺸﻤﺎﻧﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﮕﺎﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻳﺮﻭﺯ ﻳﺎ ﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﻓﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺰﻥﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭ ﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﻳﻮﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻑ ﭼﺘﺮ ﺳﭙﻴﺪ ﺑﻲﭘﻴﺮﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻲﺩﺭﻳﻎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺭﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﮕﺎﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﺭﺵ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻑ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ » :‬ﺗﻮﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺯﺑﺎﻥﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﻒ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ «.‬ﻭ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﻲﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﺳﻤﺴﻜﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺷﺖﻧﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﮔﻮﺯﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮﺝ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﺳﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺯﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻳﻴﺲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻧﺤﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺩﺍﻉ ﮔﻔﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪ 6‬ﺭﺍﺱ ﮔﻮﺯﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻫﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻧﺪﻳﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﺳﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1350‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﭙﻠﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1357‬ﻣﺪﺭﻙ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1361‬ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪66‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1355‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺭﺳﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﻨﻮﺳﻮﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺍﻳﻞ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 19977‬ﺑﻪ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻤﺒﺮگ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺭﺳﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﺰﺏ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺰ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﺭﻙ ﺩﻛﺘﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1362‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻲ ﺍﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﻴﺲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻭ ﻃﻲ ﻳﻚﻣﺎﻩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﻼﻥ ‪ 56‬ﻓﻚ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫‪ 54‬ﺭﺍﺱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ‪ 2‬ﺗﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻛﻞ ‪ 5‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺪﺭﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺑﻨﺪﺭﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺰﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻝ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻫﺮﻣﺰ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺷﻴﺦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎ "ﺟﻮﺯﻑ ﭘﻼﺕ" ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩﺷﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1997‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﻭﻃﻠﺒﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﮕﻮﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺷﻮﻛﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺪﺭ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﻴﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻮﻳﻴﺰﻟﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺶﺁﻣﻮﺯﺍﻥ ﻛﻼﺱﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 10‬ﻭ ‪ 11‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻨﮕﻼﺩﺵ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻃﻲ ‪ 4‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﭙﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻣﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﮕﻼﺩﺵ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﻓﻴﻚ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﻔﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﭼﺎﻕ ﺑﺒﺮ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻭ ﺣﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺯﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻓﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻃﻲ ﻳﻚﻣﺎﻩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻴﻼﻥ‬ ‫‪56‬ﻓﻮﻙ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ‪ 54‬ﺭﺍﺱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ‪ 2‬ﺗﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻓﻮﻙﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺵ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻓﻮﻙ ﺧﺰﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻴﻢ ﻓﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻤﻨﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺰﺍﻗﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﺳﺪﻱ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺭ ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺯﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻤﺴﻜﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮﺝ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻬﺪﻩﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺻﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺟﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺳﭙﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﮔﺮﺍﻣﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻨﺎﻧﻠﻮ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﺎﺛﺮ ﻣﺼﻴﺒﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﺑﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺁﺭﺵ ﺍﻳﻨﺎﻧﻠﻮ‪ ،‬ﺻﻤﻴﻤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺖ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬

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‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﺶ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻨﺪﺍﻕ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺷﻤﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﻨﺪﺍﻕﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻬﺮ‬

‫)ﻣﻬﺮﻳﺰﻱ(‬

‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻗﻨﺪﺍﻕ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﻳﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺣﺮ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﺶ ﻛﻮﭼﻪ ﻋﻴﻮﺿﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺐ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻳﮕﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪552/1‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪ 66892021 :‬ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‪0912 4433607 :‬‬

‫ﻣﻌ ﺮ ﻑ ﻫ ﺮ ﻛ‬

‫ﺲ ﻋﻤ ﻞ ﺍ ﻭ ﺳ ﺖ‬

‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻣﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺴﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻛﻢﺁﺑﻲ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺸﻨﮕﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻠﻒ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﺎﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮔﺮگ ﻭ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﺸﻜﺴﺎﻟﻲ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺮﺣﻤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺍﺧﻼﻝ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻢﺁﺑﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻧﺠﻴﺪﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺖ ﺁﺳﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻻﻭﺭ ﻧﺠﻔﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻣﺴﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻖ‬ ‫ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﺍﻣﺴﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺧﺸﻜﺴﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺧﺸﻜﺴﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﺰﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﺭﻳﻴﺲ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﺍﻣﺴﺎﻝ ﺧﺸﻜﺴﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻋﺎﻗﻼﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻧﺪﻙ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﮔﺎﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻬﺪﻩﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻠﻪﻫﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻳﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺎﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻲﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﻲﺍﻃﻼﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪» :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﻴﺲ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﭙﺮﺳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﻲ‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻡ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺻﻼ ﻫﻴﭻ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪«.‬‬

‫ﻧﺮﺥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺴﺎﻝ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺰﺭگ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺩﻻﻭﺭ ﻧﺠﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻴﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻜﺴﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺻﻴﺪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ؛ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1382‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻭ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﺣﻖ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻣﺴﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺮﻕﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺳﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻋﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺴﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ 1382‬ﻣﻼﻙ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1383‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺛﺒﺖﻧﺎﻡ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻃﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺟﺰﻳﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﺮﻓﻪﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺸﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺭﺍﺱ ﻗﻮچ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 2755‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻫﺎﻧﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺷﺐ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﻧﺴﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ 25‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ )ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖﺷﺪﻩ( ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 20‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻳﻴﺲ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪» :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﺵ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ‪ 10‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻋﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﺧﻮﺵﺷﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ 700‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﭼﻚ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻚ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺗﻲ ﻧﺰﺩ ﺫﻳﺤﺴﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻘﺒﻞﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﮔﺮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺴﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺳﻪ ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﺮﺥ )ﺳﺮﺗﻴﺮ ﮔﻠﻪ( ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﺮﺥ ﺣﻖ ﺷﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﺼﺪ ﻗﻠﻖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺷﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺯﺧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﺵ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪» :‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﻳﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺰﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺯﺩﺣﺎﻡ ﮔﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ‪ 2755‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺭﺍﺱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﭘﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﺮﻧﮓ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺕ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﻲﺍﻃﻼﻋﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ » :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺟﻮ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪ 100‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﻦ ﺗﺮﻭﻓﻪﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪» :‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﻛﻞ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺳﻦ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪«.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﻥﻣﺎﻩ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻣﺴﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺧﺸﻜﺴﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪«.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺒﺮ‬

‫ﻗﺮﻕﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻗﺮﻕﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻻﻭﺭ ﻧﺠﻔﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫»ﻣﺪﺕﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ ﭘﻴﺶﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﺮﻕﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﻕﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﻕﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪«.‬‬

‫ﺁﺭﺵ ﻛﻮﺷﺎ ﺩﺑﻴﺮ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖﮔﺮﺩﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺰﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﭘﻴﺶﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﻴﺪ ﺳﺨﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻔﻲ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪» :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺠﻔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺧﺒﺮ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ » :‬ﭼﻨﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﻕﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﺎﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺘﺼﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻜﺮ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻳﻨﻲ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻮﺩﺩﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻟﻄﻤﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺮﻕﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺳﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ‪ (Hunter)r‬ﻫﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺷﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡ ﺷﻐﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 18‬ﻧﻔﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻗﺮﻕﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﺘﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﺭﻭﻳﺎﻱ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﮔﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﺪﺭﻥﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻧﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻱ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺷﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺸﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﺎﺏ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﻛﺸﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﺯﻥ ﺷﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﭘﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺛﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ًﻻ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻓﺸﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ًَﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﻮﻛﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻮﺯﻥ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺸﻦ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺷﻠﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻠﺴﻞﻭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺑﻼﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺒﺪﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬

‫ﺳﻼﺡ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﻳﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﻳﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻳﺎ ‪ Metal Storm‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻱ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻓﺎﺵ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺮﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ! ﻭﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻓﺸﻨﮓﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺩﻳﻒﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﺷﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﻓﺸﻨﮓ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺷﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺁﻥﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ! ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﺒﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻛﺸﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ ﮔﻠﻨﮕﺪﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺷﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ!‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﻓﻌ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ )‪ (Metal Storm‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺷﻜﺎﻓﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎ ًﻻ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﭙﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻮﺷﻜﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻠﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﮔﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺁﻥﻗﺪﺭ ﭘﺮﺣﺠﻢ ﻭ ﻫﺮﺍﺳﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ!‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﻛﻮﻩ‬

‫‪SNOWSHOEING‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﺮﺍﻟﻠﻬﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻑﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻔﺶﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻓﻲ ﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩﺍً ‪ 3000‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﺮﺩﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ )ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻ ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺧﭙﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ( ﻭ ﺍﺳﻜﻴﻤﻮﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺐ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻔﺶﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﺮﺱ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻠﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻜ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺶﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻔﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﺳﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻛﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻣﻘﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺷﻜ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻔ ﻇ‬ ‫ﺎﻇ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪﻪ ﺣ‬ ‫ﻠﻨﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﺼ ﻨ‬ ‫ﻠﻨ‬

‫‪ (1‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺮﻑﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺤﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﺎﻥﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻛﻢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﺬﺕﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻁﺁﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ 420‬ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ‪1000‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻮﺯﺍﻧﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻥ ﭼﻮﻥ ﭘﺎﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺶﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﻑ ﻭ ﻛﻔﺶ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺯﺍﻧﻮ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﺭﺗﺮﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻑﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ ‪45‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻧﺪﮔﻲ )ﺑﺎ ﺳ ﻋﺘ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭﻧﺪﮔ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭘ ﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺑ ﺸﺘ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ( ﻛﺎﻟﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺳﻮﺯﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻭﺯﻥ‬

‫ﭘﺎﭘﺎﻳﻴﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻭ ﺭژﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺵ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻑﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻔﺶ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻧﺨﻮﺭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﭼﻪﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻓﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﭙﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻛﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺒﺎ ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺍﻳﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻛﻢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﺑﺮﻑﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻫﻢ ﻣﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻔﺶ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ )‪-(snowshoe‬‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺑﺮﻑﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻢﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﻓﺮﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻔﺶﻫﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻚﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﻮﺗﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤ ًﺎ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﻛﻮﻩﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻴﻖﺗﺮ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺑﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻻﺯﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺗﻴﻦ ‪ /‬ﭼﻜﻤﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺒﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻑﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ )ﻣﻼﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻑﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻖ( ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻮﺗﻴﻦﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺗﻴﻦﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺿﺪ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫)‪ (Gore-tex‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪x‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﻨﻮﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺗﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﻨﻮﺑﺮﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻳﺪﻩﺁﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻴﭻ ﭼﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻑﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﺑﺪﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻑﻧﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺿﺪ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﺎﻳﺶ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺯﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺭﺍﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺸﻤﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﺍﺯ ﺟﻮﺭﺍﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﻤﻲ ﻛﻮﻩﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻮﺭﺍﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻨﺒﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻜﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺘﺮ)‪ :(Gaiter‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺘﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Gore- texx‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺎﺱ‪ :‬ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﭙﻮﺷﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻮﺍ ﮔﺮﻡﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺯﻭﺩﺗﺮ ﻋﺮﻕ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺷﻠﻮﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﻨﻪ ﺯﻳﭗﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺪﻧﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮ ‪ polysterr‬ﻳﻚ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﻴﺴﻲ ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﭘﺸﻦ ﻭ ﺷﻠﻮﺍﺭ ﺿﺪ ﺁﺏ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻛﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﻜﺶ‪ ،‬ﻋﻴﻨﻚ ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﺷﺪﺑﺪ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (2‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﭙﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺭﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﻮﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻇﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻬﻤﻦﺧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺐ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻼﻝ ﺍﺣﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺩﺍﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﻑ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭘﺮﻫﻴﺰ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﭙﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﻴﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺍﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﭼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻛﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺁﺑﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺑﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺸﻚ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﺰﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺑﻨﺪﺳﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (3‬ﺣﻔﻆ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺳﻮﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺁﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ 430‬ﺗﺎ ‪1000‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺴﻮﺯﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺧﺸﻜﺒﺎﺭ )ﭘﺴﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﻭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻡ( ﺧﺮﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻟﺬﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺮﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﻑﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻩﻧﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﻗﺒ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺏ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻋﺮﻕ ﺑﺪﻧﺘﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ‪) SIA‬ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺯﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ( ‪44‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺮﻑﻧﻮﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 25‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 44‬ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ 41 ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺎﻧﻢﻫﺎ ﻭ ‪9،5‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ ‪ 7‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 11‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻋﺰﻳﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻏﺮﺏ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻮﻃﻨﺎﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﻤﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﻛﻮﻩ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﻭﺣﺶ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻍﻭﺣﺶ ﻭ »ﺍﻣﺎ« ﻭ‬ ‫»ﺍﮔﺮ«ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻇﻠﻢ؟‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﻫﻤﺰﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﭻ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭ ﭻ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﺑﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻍﻭﺣﺶﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺎﻛﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺭ ﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺣﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ ﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﻓﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻍﻭﺣﺶﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺘﻲ ﻧﻮﺡ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻍﻭﺣﺶﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻍﻭﺣﺶﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﻍﻭﺣﺶ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ »ﻛﺸﺘﻲ ﻧﻮﺡ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻳﻦ« ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ‪» ،‬ﻃﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ «SSP‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1981‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻍﻭﺣﺶﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺁﻛﻮﺍﺭﻳﻮﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻣﻌﻄﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺭﺍﺳﻮﻱ ﭘﺎﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ 1980‬ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺖ ﺩﺳﺖﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﺑﻪﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺣﺶ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻲﺁﻳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﻳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻦﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﭼﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﭘﭘﺸﺖ ﭘ ﭼ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻢ! ﻣﻲﺧﻨﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺻﻔﺎﻳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﻤﺎﻥ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺗﺨﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ ﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺮ ﻳﻮ ﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻲ ﺩﻟﺘﺎﻥﻥ ﻴ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺻ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥﻥ ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﻗﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﻛﻮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻢ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﭘﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﻟﻴﺮ*‪ .‬ﺭﺳﻤﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﭼ ﭘ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻴﺪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﭼ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺯﻱ ﭼﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻱ ﻗﺮﺻﻚ ﻧﺎﻥ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮔﺮﻡﻡ ﻣﻴﺶ‪ .‬ﺳﻔﺮﻫﺎﺗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﭘﺮ ﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﭘﺮ ﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺩ( ﻭ ﺧﺎﻧﻬﺎﺗﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﭘﺮ ﻣﻴﻬﻤﺎﻥ! ﭘﭘﺲ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﻬﻤﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﭘﭘﺬﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻳﺒﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ‪....‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺩﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺧﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺭﺳﻴﺪﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺧﻂ ﻛﻼﺭﺩﺷﺖ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺩﺑﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﻛﺸﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺟﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﻼﺥ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺸﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻛﺸﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺎ ﺩﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺭﺩﺷﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻨﮕﻨﺎﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﺩﺭﻩ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺭﻭﺩﺑﺎﺭﻙ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﻮﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻛﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺨﺖ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻜﺎ ﻭ ﻭﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺧﻪﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻏﻠﻐﻠﻪ ﺳﺮﺩﺍﺏ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺳﻜﻮﺕ ﺩﺭﻩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻜﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﺗﺎﻥ ‪-‬ﻣﻴﻬﻤﺎﻧﺴﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻩﻧﻮﺭﺩﺍﻥ‪ -‬ﺧﺴﺘﻪ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﻣﻲﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﮔﻠﺨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻗﺮﺻﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﮔﻞ ﻣﻲﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﮔﻔﺘﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﺭﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﻩ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎﺷﻲﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻤﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻲﮔﻔﺘﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺨﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻛﺠﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺳﻨﮓ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺍﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻛﻴﻐﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﺠﺎﺡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺯﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﺳﻲ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻨﻴﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺸﺘﺎﻕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻧﻮﺑﺎﻭﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻤﺎ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻛﻮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻨﻴﺪﻳﻢ ﻭ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﻴﺪﺍﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ "ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﻴﺪ ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺯﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﭼﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺳﻴﺪ" ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩﺍﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﻳﺪ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫_ ﺑﺠﻨﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﻻﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺏ ﺳﺮ ﺑﻜﺸﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺩﻳﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﭼﺎﺭﻭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻏﻮﻏﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﺎﺩﺵ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﻴﺮ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺳﺮ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻨﻲ ﻟﻨﮕﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﻋﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺧﻨﺪﻳﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻛﺮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﻲ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻳﺪ؛ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻳﺰﺩﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮﺯﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺭﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ! ﻧﺎﺭﺿﺎﻳﺘﻲﺍﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻛﻮﻩ ﻧﺸﻴﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ ‪...‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻢ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻫﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﺪﻭﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻢ ﻭ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺖ ﺳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﺪ ﻟﻴﺰﻭﻧﻚ ﻳﺎﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺸﺘﻲ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺭﺳﻴﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺭﻳﺠﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﻔﺘﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﺭﺗﺮ* ﻣﻲﮔﻔﺘﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺍﻱ ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻩ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﻩ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺠﻜﺎﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺻﻌﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻩ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ* ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪﻳﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﺸﺐ‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﺪ ‪!....‬‬ ‫ﭼﺎﺷﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻧﺪﺍﺭﺑﻦ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺭﺩﻳﻢ؛ ﭼﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﻍ ﻫﻴﺰﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺮ ﺗﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺷﻮﺧﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻟﻬﺠﻪ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﻛﻨﺠﻜﺎﻭﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﮕﻴﺨﺖ ﻭ ﺧﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻠﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻳﺶ)‪ (1‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮﮔﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﻩ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﺎﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻲ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺩﺑﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﻧﺪﺍﺭﺑﻦ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﺩ ‪...‬‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻭﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻑ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺒﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﻱ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺒﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﻩ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻛﻮﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻳﻌﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺧﺪﺍﺣﺎﻓﻈﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻜﻮﺕ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻛﺮﺩﻳﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺗﺤﻪﺍﺵ ﺁﻣﺪﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﻲﺑﻴﻨﻤﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺴﺮﺍﻧﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﺪﻭﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ؛ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻩ ﻗﺮﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﺭﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻧﻮﺭﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻃﻨﺶ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﻍ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻮﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺳﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺗﻨﺪ ﺗﭙﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲﻛﺸﻴﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺧﻨﺪﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﺧﻮﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻩ ﺳﺮﺩﺍﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﺒﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻱ ﺳﭙﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻬﻘﻬﻪ ﻣﻲﺯﻧﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﮔﻮﺗﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻛﻮﻫﻨﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻩ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺻﻌﻮﺩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺒﺮ‬

‫ﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﺷﮕﻔﺖ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﺰﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﭘﺮﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻜﺎﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬

‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﻳﺎﺭ ﻏﻔﺎﺭﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﺍﻥ‪" ،‬ﻧﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ؟" ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺪﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺢ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺟﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Melittobia Digitata‬ﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﺷﮕﻔﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﺎﻥ )ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺩﺭﺍﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ( ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻥ ﭘﻮﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ؛ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺯﺍﺩﺍﻥ ﻛﺮﻡﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭘﻴﻠﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻟﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺯﻧﺪﻩﺑﻪﮔﻮﺭ ﺑﻪﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﻪﻳﻚ ﻛﻚ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﻪﺍﺗﺎﻗﻲ ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻤﻠﻮ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻭﺯ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺣﺪ ﻣﺮگ ﻣﻲﺟﻨﮕﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ :‬ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺟﻔﺖﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻭ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﻣﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻧﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪﺟﻮﻳﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺳﻮﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﻥ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺧﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﻴﻠﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻧﻴﺶﺯﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺟﻮﻳﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻪﺍﻭ ﻣﻲﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻫﺮﺣﺎﻝ ﻇﺮﻑ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻫﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﺭﻭﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻣﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪﺷﺪﺕ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﻨﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺭﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻻﻧﺔ ﮔﻮﺭﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺣﺸﺮﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺧﻮﺵﺷﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻛﻪ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺗﺨﻢﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻣﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﺰﺓ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﺤﺾ ﻭ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻻﺷﻪﺭﻭﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﭘﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻳﻚﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‬ ‫• ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻴﺘﻮﺑﻴﺎ ‪ ،Melittobia Digitataa‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﮔﻞ ﺳﺨﺖ ﭘﺨﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺠﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺟﻮﻳﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺩﻩﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﺶ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺳﺮﻋﺖﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺯﻭﺩﺗﺮ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻣﮕﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ‪،،‬ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺣﻔﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﺎﺯﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻗﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻃﺮﻓﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖﮔﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ؛ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ژﺍﭘﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﻫﺮﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺭﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪".‬ﺑﺮﺩﻭﺍﭼﻴﻨﮓ"ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺮﻩ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻛﻮﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﻢ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫"ﺟﺮﺍﻟﺪ ﺁﺭﻛﺎﻝ" ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫»ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻫﻢ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺳﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻥ ﺻﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺷﮕﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻐﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻔﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺵ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 500‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻛﻮﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻜﺎﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻭﻣﻴﻪ ﺟﺰﻭ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺩﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫"ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺑﻮﻃﺎﻟﺒﻲ" ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻜﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﺸﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪» :‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1368‬ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺳﺒﺰ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻳﻢ‪.‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﻢ‪.‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺁﻥ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪ ‪ 28‬ﻧﻔﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻫﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 40‬ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ‪.‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻜﺎﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ‪100‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻳﻚﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻜﺎﻟﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﺠﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺯﻣﻮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﭻ ﺛﻤﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪﺷﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬ﻧﺎﭼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺍﻍ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻠﻊ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺭ ﻛﻠﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﺯﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﺣﺸـﺮﻩ‬

‫ﺷﮕﻔﺘﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺷﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﻳﻞ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻭﻡ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻬﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺸﻮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﺎﻥ ﺳﺮ ﺩﺭﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺢ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﻴﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻍ ﺭﻓﺘﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺪﻡ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻨﻪ ﺩﺭﺧﺖ ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻡ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻟﻢ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻋﻜﺲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻢ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻪﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻚﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﻠﻮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻚﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻲﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻏﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺳﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻚﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻛﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﺪﻧﺶ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺗﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺧﺖ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﻣﻜﺚ ﻛﺮﺩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺭﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻡ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺣﻴﺎ ژﺍﻟﻪ ﺳﺮﻭﻻﻳﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺧﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺗﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻳﺪﻡ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺖ‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻖ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺳﻪ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﺭﻭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺩﻡ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻣﺶ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺩﺭﺧﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻪ ﻗﻴﭽﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﻜﻨﻪ ﻛﻨﺪﻡ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻧﺖ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻡ ﺩﻳﺪﻡ ﺳﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻻﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻢ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﺭﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﺳﻜﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻﺭﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮپ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻢ‪ .‬ﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻻﺭﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﺗﺨﻢﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻬﻤﻴﺪﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻢ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻘﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻪ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﺭﻭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ؟‬

‫ﻻﺭﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﮕﻔﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﻡﻫﺎﺳﺖ!‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻻﺭﻭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻻﺭﻭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻻﻧﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻﺭﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻻﻧﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﺭﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﻣﻨﻪ )ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ(‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻗﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﭼﻮﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﺶ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﭼﺴﺒﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﻻﻧﻪ ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻻﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺗﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺯﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﮕﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻫﻴﭻ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﺭﻭ ﺗﺮﺷﺢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻻﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻻﺭﻭ ﮔﺮﺳﻨﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﻣﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺳﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻓﻮﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﺗﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺷﺎﻙ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻻﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻤﺐ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻔﻴﺮﻩ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﺭﺩﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺸﺮﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺸﺮﻩ ﮔﻤﻨﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍ‪ ‬ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺷﻤﻦ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺨﻢ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻡ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻻﺭﻭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺸﺮﻩ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻪ‪....‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺒﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﻮﺭﺑﺎﻏﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺮگ ﻛﺮﻭﻛﻮﺩﻳﻞﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻗﻮﺭﺑﺎﻏﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺧﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺮگ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻛﻮﺩﻳﻞﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻘﺮﺽ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﺑﺎﻏﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﮔﻴﻞﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻤﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻏﺬﺍﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﺮﻭﻛﻮﺩﻳﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﺮگ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺮﻭﻛﻮﺩﻳﻞﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻏﻮﻝﭘﻴﻜﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﺭﺑﺎﻏﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺳﻢ ﻭ ﺯﻫﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺮﻭﻛﻮﺩﻳﻞﻫﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﺮگ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫"ﻛﻴﺚ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﻴﺎﻥ" ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﭼﺎﺭﻟﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ 77 :‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﺮﻭﻛﻮﺩﻳﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺏ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻣﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﺑﺎﻏﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﻲ ﺯﻫﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﻣﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻼﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﻛﺮﻭﻛﻮﺩﻳﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻧﻲ‬

‫ﻗﻮﺭﺑﺎﻏﻪﺩﺍﻳﻨﺎﺳﻮﺭﺧﻮﺍﺭ!‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺍﮔﺎﺳﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻴﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻗﻮﺭﺑﺎﻏﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ 65‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 75‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺯﻳﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﺩﺍﻳﻨﺎﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺖ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶﮔﺮﺍﻣﻴﺪﺍﺷﺖﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻤﻮﺭ ﺣﻜﺎﻙ‬

‫ﺭژﻩ ﮔﺎﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺣﺮﻡ ﻣﻄﻬﺮ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻻﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻛﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻞ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﮔﺎﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺭژﻩ ﮔﺎﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺣﺮﻡ ﻣﻄﻬﺮ‬

‫ﺭژﻩ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻗﺒﻪ‬ ‫)ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥ( ﺗﺎ ﺣﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻬﺮ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺍﻣﺎﻡ ﺭﺿﺎ )ﻉ(‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﺭژﻩ ﮔﺎﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺣﺮﻡ ﻣﻄﻬﺮ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺒﺮ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺪﺍﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﮔﺎﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺎﻣﺪﮔﻮﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻞ ﮔﺎﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻓﻌﻼ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺩ ﺩﻝ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻻﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻱ ﺟﻮﺍﻳﺰ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻳﺎ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺁﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻲﺭﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﻴﭻﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺪ ﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺥ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺟﻴﻎ ﻣﻲﻛﺸﻴﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺳﻤﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺑﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱﺳﺮﺟﺎﺩﻩﭼﺎﺩﺭﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱﻛﺸﻴﺪﻧﺪﻭﺑﺮﻑﭘﺎﻙﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﻏﻴﮋ ﺑﺮﻑﭘﺎﻙﻛﻦ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺗﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺧﺒﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺥﻫﺎ ﺳﺮ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺖ؛ ﻳﺎ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺁﻫﻮ!‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺏ ﺍﻣﺎﻡ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺖ ﺁﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﺻﻴﺎﺩﻱ ﺁﻫﻮﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺶ ﻧﺰﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺎ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭ ﺍﻣﺎﻡ ﺭﺿﺎ)ﻉ(‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﺩ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻣﺎﻡ ﺭﺿﺎ‬ ‫)ﻉ( ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺪﺍﺷﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﻤﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﭼﺮﺧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺴﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺭﻭﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﺷﻤﺴﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻓﻪﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻳﺰﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻬﺪﺍ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺷﻬﺪﺍﻱ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺭﻭﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻐﻞ ﺟﺎﻥﺑﺮ ﻛﻒﻧﻬﺎﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﭘﺎﺳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻌﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺪﺍﺩﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﺟﺎ ﺧﻮﺵ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺳﺨﻨﮕﻮﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺒﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺧﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪30‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﻐﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﮔﺎﺭﺩ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻖ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺟﻮﺍﺩﻱ؛‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﮔﺎﺭﺩ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ‬ ‫‪ 50‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﮔﺎﺭﺩ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻖ ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺏ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ »:‬ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺟﻤﻊﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻳﮕﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﻀﺎﻱ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﻼ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻃﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ‪ 1/5‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 3‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ‪ 10‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ‪ 3‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺧﺪﺍ ﭘﺎﺳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 6‬ﺗﺎ ‪12‬‬ ‫ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﻓﻌﻼ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫‪77‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺧﺒﺮﻧﮕﺎﺭ ﺍﻋﺰﺍﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫)ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺟﻌﻔﺮﻱ( ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﻨﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﺗﻴﺴﺎﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﻨﺎﻝ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﺟﺰﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎﻻ ﻧﺸﻨﺎﻝ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺳﺮﻳﻼﻧﻜﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔـﻮﻧﻪ‬

‫‪Armenian sheep‬‬

‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﺒﻴﻴ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻜ‬ ‫ﺖﺷ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﺎﻇﻇ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪﻪ ﺣﻔ‬ ‫ﻠﻨﺎﺎﻣﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨ‬ ‫ﻓﺼ‬

‫‪1387‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻳﻴﺰ ‪87‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﭘﺎﻳ‬

‫ﻗﻮچ ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﺍﺣﺖﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻮچﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﻴﻀﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﺥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻣﻪ ﺻﻔﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﭙﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻛﻢﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉﺗﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﭘﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺨﻮﺍﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻳﻢ‪.‬ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﺎﻣﻼﻳﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻼ ﺧﻮﺵ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﻔﺘﻴﻢ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁﻫﺎﻱ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻛﺜﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻲﺩﺭﭘﻲ ﺩﻭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﻮچ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶ ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﻮچﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻮﺯﻭﻡﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻮﺯﻭﻡﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻲ ‪ 54‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶ ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻲ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻔﻘﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺟﺰﺍﻳﺮ ﻛﺮﺱ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺭﺩﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﺮﺍﻕ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻧﺎ ﺍﻣﻦ ﻭ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺍﻕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ‬

‫ﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪﺟﺰ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﭼﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻣﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﮕﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺠﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﻨﺎﻫﮕﺎﻩ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻛﻴﺎﻣﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺠﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮچ ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﺍﺣﺖﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﻮچﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﻴﻀﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﺥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ؛ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﺮگ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻛﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﺎﺥ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻮچ ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻲ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮﻥ ‪ 95‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺎﺥ ‪ 28‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻧﮓ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶ ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺨﻮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻟﻜﻪ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻛﭙﻞ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﺯﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻜﻪ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻪ ﺯﻳﻨﻲ )‪ (saddle patch‬ﻭ ﻗﻮچﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻜﻪﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﻻﻛﻤﺮ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻟﻜﻪ ﺯﻳﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻮچﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻮچﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﺭﻳﺶ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﻱ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺳﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﭘﺸﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻦ ‪ 1/5‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 2‬ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﺴﻤﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ‪2‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ‪ 3‬ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﻮچﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‪2/5‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻗﻮچﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻗﻮﻱﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻦ ‪ 4‬ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻲ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﻔﺖﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﺴﻤﻲ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ‪5‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﻮچ ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺧﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻛﻮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺯﻧﺠﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺟﺜﻪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻧﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 60‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 70‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﺮ ‪ 75‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 80‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ 120‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 130‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ 11‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 13‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻴﺶﻫﺎ ‪ 5/55‬ﻣﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﻩﻫﺎ ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ‪ 2‬ﺭﺍﺱ )ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ(‪ ،‬ﺟﻔﺖﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻣﻲﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻝ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ ﻏﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﺒﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺳﺘﺨﻮﺵ ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻫﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﻳﻴﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻗﺸﻼﻕ ﻋﺸﺎﻳﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻮچﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺗﭙﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻲﺭﻭﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻡﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﻏﺬﺍ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺍﻕ ﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻼ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻳﺮﻩ ﻛﺒﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺧﻄﺮﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺒﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﻭﻥﺁﻣﻴﺰﻱ )‪ (Inbreeding‬ﺩﭼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺎﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺿﻤﺤﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﺧﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻗﻮچ ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﭼﻮﺭﻟﻮ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻼﺕ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ‪ -‬ﺩﺑﻴﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺯﻱ ﭘﺪﺭﻡ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﭼﻨﺪﺗﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﺪﺭﻡ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺲ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎ »ﺟﻚ ﺍﻭﻛﺎﻧﺮ« ﻭ »ﻫﺮﺏ ﻛﻼﻳﻦ« ﻛﻪ ﺟﺰﻭ ‪ 10‬ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻣﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻥﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ »ﺍﻝﺟﻴﻦ ﮔﻴﺘﺲ« ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﻝ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪﺑﻮﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﺗﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﺠﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺪﺍﻝ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻛﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺑﺎﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺑﺎﺷﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺘﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺩﻳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺯﮔﻲ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ‬

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‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻗﻮچ ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻲ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺏ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻢ ﻧﺎﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻪ؟ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻗﻮچ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺁﺭﺯﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﻫﺴﭙﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺠﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺩﻳﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﭼﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻫﺎﻧﻢ ﺗﺎﺯﮔﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻢﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻫﻞ ﺑﺠﻨﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻗﻮچ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻗﻮچﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻗﻮچ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻢ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺯﮔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ‪) .‬ﺍﻧﺸﺎﺍ‪ ...‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺻﺘﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻗﻮچ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺯ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻞ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻧﮕﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺯﻧﺠﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﺩﻩﺍﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺘﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ( ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﻋﺰﻳﺰﻡ ﺍﻭﻳﺲ ﻛﺴﺎﻳﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻴﺪﻭﺍﺭﻡ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻲﺍﻱ ﻫﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻮﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺒﺨﺸﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ ‪ 1356‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﺮﻭﺏ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻟﭽﺴﺐ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺠﺎﺭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻡ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﻴﺲ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﺷﺪﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺷﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﺬﺭﺍﻧﺪﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﺮﺩ‪» :‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮگ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶ ﻏﺮﻭﺏ ‪ 6‬ﺭﺍﺱ ﻗﻮچ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺩﻳﺪﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﭼﺮﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻥ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻳﻲ ﮔﺮﻳﺨﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺎﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺶ ﺭﺍﺱ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺪﺍﻝ ﻃﻼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺒﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺑﻴﺪﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺣﺮﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻗﻮﭼﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﮕﺬﺍﺷﺖ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺢ‪ ،‬ﭼﺸﻤﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﻨﻢ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺳﻜﻮﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻢ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻮچ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺻﺒﺢ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﻴﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺻﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﻮچﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﺘﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻮچﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻴﻢ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻠﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺭﺍﺳﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺑﻪﺭﻭ ﺷﺪﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮچ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﮔﻠﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻋﺎ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ ﻗﻮﭼﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻣﻲﮔﺸﺘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﺮﻭﺯ ﺗﺎ ﻏﺮﻭﺏ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺩﻳﺪﻳﻢ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻮچ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﺒﺮﻱ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻗﻮچ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻔﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻮچ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ ﻣﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺸﺘﻦ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪» :‬ﺁﻥ ﻗﻮچ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺎ ﺑﺰﺭگ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺪﺭﻱ ﺻﺒﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺒﺢ ﺯﻭﺩ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﮔﺸﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻗﻮچ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺪﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﻳﺪﻳﻢ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻣﻲﺯﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻣﻴﺪﻭﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺁﻥ ﻗﻮچ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﭙﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻢﺯﺍﺭ ﮔﻨﺪﻡ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﻪ ﺻﺨﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﭘﻨﺎﻫﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻗﻮچﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺁﻥ ‪ 6‬ﺭﺍﺱ ﻗﻮچ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺩﻳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺯﮔﻲ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ‪ 9‬ﺻﺒﺢ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻒ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻩﻫﺎ ﻗﻮچﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻮچﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﻨﺞﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻗﻮچﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﭼﺮﺍ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮچﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﻮچ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﭘﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺎ ﻗﻮچ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻲﻧﻈﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻮﻩ ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﺟﺬﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﻳﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺩﺍﻧﻢ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻢ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﺁﺭﺯﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻗﻮﭼﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻗﻮچ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻢ‪ .‬ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﭼﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺭﻛﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﭙﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮپ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﻮچ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻗﺮﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺻﺪ ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻣﺮﺍ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺩﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻗﻮچ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻣﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﻮچ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﺒﺰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﻲﺗﺮﺳﻴﺪﻡ ﻫﺮ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﻔﺘﻢ ﺯﻭﺩﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﻳﻢ ﺳﺮ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﻧﺴﺮﺩﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻔﺖ ﻋﺠﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻗﻮچ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﺮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻮچ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻲﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﻗﻮچ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪200‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺎ ﻗﻮچ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﺑﺎﻥ ﮔﻔﺘﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻡ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻲﮔﻔﺖ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺑﺪﻫﻴﺪ ﻗﻮچ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺷﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﻮچ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﮕﺎﺭ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﻮچ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﻪﺍﺵ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻡ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ‪ 270‬ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻼﻭﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻨﮓ ﺑﻐﻞ ﻗﻮچ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻡ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻜﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﺷﻪ ﻗﻮچ ﺭﺍ ﺯﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﺗﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻫﺎﻧﻢ ﻓﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮچ ﻧﺨﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﻗﻮچ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﮔﻔﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺳﺮ ﻗﻮچ ﺭﻓﺘﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪﻡ ﭼﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﺻﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻮچ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﻲ ﭼﻴﺰ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺣﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﻲ ﭼﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻧﻲﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻳﻊﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﻧﺪﻩ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﺒﻬﻢ‬

‫ﻣﮕﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻻﻙﭘﺸﺘﻢ؟!‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻳﻮﺯ‪ :‬ﻫﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ‪ 4‬ﺟﻬﺶ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺟﻬﺶ ‪ 25‬ﻓﻮﺕ!‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻙﻫﺎﻧﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺧﺒﺮﻩ ﻳﻮﺯ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻳﻮﺯ ‪ 105‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫)‪ 65‬ﻣﺎﻳﻞ( ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﺎ ‪ 115‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻳﻮﺯ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻫﻮ ﺧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪﺩﺭﺟﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻭﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ‬

‫)ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﺟﺴﻤﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ( ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﺶ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ؛ ﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺘﻲ ﺷﮕﻔﺖﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﻳﻮﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﮔﺎﻡ ‪ 25‬ﻓﻮﺕ )ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪8‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ( ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺟﻠﻮ ﭘﺮﺗﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺘﺶ ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﭘﻲﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﺮ ﮔﺎﻡ ‪ 25‬ﻓﻮﺕ ﻭ ‪4‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ! ﻫﺎﻧﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﭘﺎﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﻳﻮﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻞ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ‬

‫»ﺍﺩﻱ« ﻏﻮﻝ ﭘﻴﻜﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮓ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺎ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻳﺪ؟ ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﮕﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻧﻴﻢ ﻣﺘﺮﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺭ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﮕﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺘﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻕ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﻛﺸﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﻮﻡ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫"ﺍﺩﻱ" ﻧﺎﻡ ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮕﻲ ﻧﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﮕﻴﺮ ﺍﻫﻞ "ﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻥ"‬ ‫ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ "ﻛﻮﺭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝ" ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺭ "ﺟﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻧﺎﻥ" ﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﭼﻨﮕﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮓ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﻩ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻏﻮﻝ ﭘﻴﻜﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ‪ 42‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟــﺎﻥ ﻗﺼــﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳــﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧــﻮﺭ ﻋﻈﻴــﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻛﻮﺍﺭﻳــﻮﻡ ﺻﺨــﺮﻩ ﺁﺑــﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ "ﻧﻴﻮﻛــﻮﺁﻱ" ﺗﻘﺪﻳــﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻨــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﻫﻤــﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﻧــﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺧﺸﻚﺯﻱ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگﺟﺜﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩﺍﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﻃﺮﺡ‬

‫ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﻭ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻭﺭﻧﻜﺮﺩﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻋﻀﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻣﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﻴﻦ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻲﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﻏﺮ ﻭ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥﺯﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻛﻒ ﭘﻨﺠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺄﺕ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻣﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺑﺰﺭگ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺸﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﮋﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺍﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﺯ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ 40‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﭼﻪ ﺷﺮﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺫﻭﻕ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﻠﻢ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﭼﺎپ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩﺍﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻮﺯ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺪ‪ :‬ﻓﻓﻘﻂ ‪ 40‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ؟‬ ‫ﻣﮕﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻻﻙﭘﺸﺘﻢ!‬

‫"ﺍﺩﻱ" ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮓ ﻧﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﮕﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ »ﻛﻮﺭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝ« ﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺁﻣﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺨﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺁﺑﺰﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ!‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺟﻠﺪ‬

‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ‬

‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺠﻴﺪ ﺳﻴﺪﻱ ‪ /‬ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ‬

‫ﺧﻄﺮ‬

‫ﻧﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺑﻪﺳﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻱ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﭘﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺯﻧﺶ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﺮﺍ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺒﺮ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻣﻨﻘﺮﺽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﮔﻨﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺼﻤﻢﺗﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻱﺗﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﻳﻢ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﻏﻤﻨﺎﻙ ﭘﺴﺮﻋﻤﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻗﺮﻥ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﻪﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ‪ 4000‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪ .‬ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﭙﻲ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫‪86‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺧﺰﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺑﺎﻭﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﺷﺘﻲ ﻭﻓﻖ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻓﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺩﺷﺘﻲ ﭘﺮﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺷﺘﻲ )ﺁﻫﻮ‪ ،‬ﺟﺒﻴﺮ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺭﺧﺮ( ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺱ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻍ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﭼﺎﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﺟﺰ ﭘﻨﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻭ ﺻﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻃﻲ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺁﺩﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻨﮓ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﭼﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﭘﻨﺎﻩ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻭﻝ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ژﺍﻥ ﭘﻞﻓﺮﻳﺮ )‪Jean‬‬ ‫‪ :(Paul Ferrier‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺴﺮ ﻣﺎﺟﺮﺍﺟﻮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ‪ 1839‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻣﻮﺭﻳﺖ ﺳﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺠﺎﺏ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻳﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ‬ ‫»ﺳﻔﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ« ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1845‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻩ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩﺁﺑﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﺁﻥﻫﻤﻪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﺮﺕ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ :‬ﺁﻫﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺻﺪﺗﺎﻳﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲﺗﺮﺳﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻴﺮﺭﺱ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺭﺧﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﻭﺣﺸﻲﺗﺮ‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻫﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺻﺪﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﺮﺳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳــــﻄﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺷﺖﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻚ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺒﺮ ﺷﺎﻫﻲ )ﺑﺒﺮ ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻝ(‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻔﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺍﺯ ﻭ ﮔﺮگ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﺠــﺎ ﺑﻪﻭﻓﻮﺭ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﮔﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﭘﻨﺎﻩﮔﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺑﺒﺮﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ )ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺩﺷﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺑﺒﺮ ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺣﺪﺱ ﺑﺰﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻓﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺷﺘﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺁﻫﻮ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺭﺧﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﺟﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺮﺯﺍﻇﻞﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﻧﺎﺻﺮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦﺷﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺭﺍﻧﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﻪﺟﺰﻳﺮﻩ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻜﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﻲﻭﭘﻨﺞ ﺑﺒﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﺠﺪﻩ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﺷﺼﺖﻭﺳﻪ ﮔﺎﻭ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻭﻣﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻳﻜﺼﺪﻭﭘﻨﺠﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺍﻝ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻫﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﻩ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺸﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻥﭼﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺯﺩﻡ‪ :‬ﮔﺎﻭ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺷﺶ ﻋﺪﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻝ ﺷﺎﺧﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺩﻩ ﻋﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﻮﻛﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﺩﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺰﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﻗﺮﻗﺎﻭﻝ ﺻﺪﻭﭘﻨﺠﺎﻩ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫)‪(10‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻞﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍً ﺣﻆ ﻭﺍﻓﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﻭ ﺑﻲﺭﺣﻤﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻲﺷﺮﻣﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺑﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ!‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻪ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﻩ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻜﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ 277‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﮕﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻭﻓﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﺷﻮﻛﺎ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻭ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺮﺕﺁﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻭﺭﻧﻜﺮﺩﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺒﺮ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻴﭻﺟﺎﻱ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺎﻥ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﺟﻠﮕﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺮﺕﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺳﮓ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫»ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺳﮓ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺘﻨﺪ«‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ lake and plain‬ﻭ‪By‬‬ ‫‪ mountain‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﭼﻪ ﻫﺎﻣﻮﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﺷﺖ ﮔﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻳﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﭘــﻠﻨﮓﻛﻮﻩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮓ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ )‪the sistan‬‬ ‫‪ (leopard‬ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﮔﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪(3).‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺩﺷﺘﻲ ﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻛﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 550‬ﺗﺎ ‪850‬‬ ‫ﻗﻼﺩﻩ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ‪ 885/300‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫)‪(6‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻞ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫‪ 1325‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘ ًﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻔﺨﻮﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻃﻌﻤﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺗﻨﺪﻭﺭﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺭﻳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺰ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺍﺯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﭼﻚﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ‪ 20‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺗﻨﺰﻝ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻃﻌﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﺯ ‪ 400‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(7‬‬

‫ﺟﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺳﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 500‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 1000‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺯﺩﻧﺪ!‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺍ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺵ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﻮ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺪﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؟ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﭙﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﺎﻧﺰﺍﻧﻴﺎ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻔﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻭ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﻮﻳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪).‬ﻧﻘﺸﻪ‪ (1‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺷﺒﻴﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺒﺮ‬

‫ﺳﮓ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺟﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺒﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻍ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﻧﺰﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺒﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺷﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪﻱ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﻡ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺳﺎﻓﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻃﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺷﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﭻ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻃﻼﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﮓ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺒﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﭙﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﻮﻙ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻃﻼﻳﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻫﻨﺶ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺴﺮﺵ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﮓﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮﺩﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻓﻬﻤﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺳﺎﻓﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪1989‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺧﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺑﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﻤﻮﺭ ﺩﻡ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺱﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺑﺒﺮ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺑﺒﺮ ﻧﺎﺭﻧﺠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺒﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺗﺎ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺒﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺭﻧﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﺒﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‪،‬ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ‪ 23‬ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻛﻼﻫﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ‪ 400‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪(7،1).‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊﺑﻴﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﻛﻮﭼﻚﺗﺮﻱ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺍﻳﺮ ﺍﻛﺜﺮﺍً ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻛﻠﻨﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺁﻣﻴﺰﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻠﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻢﺧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﮋﺍﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘ ًﺎ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﺍﻳﺮ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﻌﻤﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﻮچ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶ ﻭ ﻛﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻛﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫)‪(6‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﺳﻴﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺘﺎﭘﺎﻻ ‪ Syrianae Hithapala‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﺴﺖ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ‪ class fic oii‬ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ‪ 27‬ﺯﻳﺮ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ‪ 8‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪patheru parduss‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻮﺍﻝ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺧﺎﻭﺭﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻢ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪ patheru pardus sayicolor‬ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﭘﻮﻛﻮﻙ)‪(pocock‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻓﻮﺭﻧﻦ)‪ (safurnine‬ﻭ ﺯﻭﻛﻮﺳﻜﻲ )‪(zukowaki‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ saxicolorr :‬ﻭ ‪dathei ،tuelianii ،‬‬ ‫‪ caucavicaa ،cii ،nimr‬ﻭ ‪ sindicaa‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﻫﻴﺘﺎﭘﺎﻻ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﮋﺍﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ sayicolorr‬ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﭻ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ 6‬ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﻴﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﺻﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ )‪penarr‬‬ ‫‪ (p. sayicolor ،p‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (leopard‬ﻳﺎ )‪p‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻔﻘﺎﺯﻱ )‪ ،(ciscaucasicaa‬ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫)‪ (tulionii‬ﻭ ﻛﻮﻳﺮﻱ )‪ (p.s.patheraa‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻍﻭﺣﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ )‪ (sayicolor‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ؟‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻍﻭﺣﺶﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﺏ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻃــﻲ ‪ 20 – 30‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺁﻣﻴﺰﺵ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﻱ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻍﻭﺣﺶﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺱ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺯﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﭘﻮﻛﻮﻙ‬ ‫)‪ (pocock‬ﺳﺎﻓﻮﺭﻧﻦ )‪ (safurnine‬ﻭ ﺯﻭﻛﻮﺳﻜﻲ‬ ‫)‪ (zukowaki‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺁﻥ ‪5‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫‪pathera pardus saxicolor‬‬ ‫)‪(pocock 1927‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻛﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺯ‪،‬‬

‫ﻗﺮﻩﻛﺴﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﭙﻪﺩﺍﻍ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺟﺜﻪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻠﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﺯ ‪ 100‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻛﻮﻳﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫‪pathera pardus dattei‬‬ ‫)‪(zukowaki 1964‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺟﺜﻪﺍﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺯﻥ ﭘﻠﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﻃﻲ ﺩﻩ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺁﺏ ﻧﻨﻮﺷﺪ‪(g).‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻗﻔﻘﺎﺯﻱ‪:‬‬ ‫‪pathera pardus ciscaucasica‬‬ ‫)‪(safurnine 1914‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻏﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺭ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻣﻨﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻠﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﭘﻠﻨــــﮓ ﺁﻧـــﺎﺗﻮﻟﻲ ﻳــﺎ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻱ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫‪pathera pardus tupliana‬‬ ‫)‪(valencienner 1859‬‬ ‫‪48oE‬‬

‫‪Caspian Sea‬‬

‫‪34oN‬‬

‫‪30oN‬‬

‫‪88‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪ul‬‬ ‫‪G‬‬

‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪ia‬‬

‫‪rs‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻍﻭﺣﺶﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻳﺎ ‪pathera pardus‬‬ ‫‪ saxicolor‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 148 ،1990‬ﻗﻼﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ‪53‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻍﻭﺣﺶ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ (1).‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ‪ 9‬ﻗﻼﺩﻩ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻳــﻦ ‪ 9‬ﻗﻼﺩﻩ ﭘـــﻠﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻪ‬

‫‪Pe‬‬

‫)‪(6‬‬

‫‪200 km‬‬

‫‪Sea of Oman‬‬ ‫‪56oE‬‬ ‫‪• Distribution of the Leopard in Iran. Numbers refer to important areas with Leopards in Iran.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﭘﻠﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪10‬‬ ‫ﻗﻼﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻛﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻠﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻋﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺑﻠﻮﭼﻲ‪pathera pardus sindica :‬‬ ‫)‪(pocock 1935‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻕ ﻭ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺮﺯ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 4‬ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭘﺎﻣﻴﺮ‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻃﻌﻤﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶ ﺑﻠﻮﭼﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺰﻛﻮﻫﻲ( ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍً ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﭘﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺮﮔﻴﻦ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺮﻙ ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻧﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪ 5‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ )ﻋﻜﺲﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻠﻪﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﻋﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺩﭘﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺮﮔﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ ‪(...‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺗﻨﺪﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﺳﻴﺎﻩﻛﻮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﻛﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﻓﻖ ﻳﺰﺩ‬ ‫‪ -6‬ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬ ‫‪ -7‬ﻛﻮﻩ ﻛﻴﺎﺳﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ -8‬ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺧﺒﺮ‬ ‫‪ -9‬ﺳﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﻞ‬ ‫‪ -10‬ﺣﻴﺪﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪ -11‬ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﺠﻮ‬ ‫‪ -12‬ﻛﻮﻩ ﺩﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ 12‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﻤﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻜﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻧﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻳﻮﺯﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻳﻮﺳﻔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﺣﺘﻤ ًﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﻨﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺕﻭﺣﺶ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪90‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﻒ ﻛﻨﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻳﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ DNA‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ‪ saxicolor‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻍﻭﺣﺶﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻧﮋﺍﺩﻱ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻧﮋﺍﺩﻱ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻭﺭﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻠﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﻑ ﻛﻨﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﭘﻠﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩ ﺧﺰﺭ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺁﺏ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻛﻮﻳﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻭ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻃﻌﻤﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮ ﻃﻌﻤﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 10‬ﺳﻢﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺷﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ!‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻢﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪:((lsquus hemionu‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﮔﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ )‪u‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻢﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺒﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 500‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮﺍﻡﮔﻮﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺟﺒﻴﺮ )‪:((gazelle dorcass‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻏﺰﺍﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺻﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﻏﺰﺍﻝ ﻫﻨﺪﻱ )‪:((gazelle beheii‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻏﺰﺍﻝ ﺯﻳﺒﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﺒﻴﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺻ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﻘﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﻣﺮﺍﻝ )‪:((cervus elaphuss‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻳﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﺷﻮﻛﺎ )‪:((capreplous caperolouss‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭﺧﻴﻢﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺯﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺧﻴﻞ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -6‬ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺯﺭﺩ )‪:((dama mesopothamiaa‬‬ ‫ﺍﻏﺮﺍﻕ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺯﻳﻨﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺩﺷﺖ ﻧﺎﺯ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻜﺘﻞ‪ ...،‬ﻭ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﻩ ﺍﺷﻚ )‪ (21 km2‬ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻮﺯﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺳﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﻪﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺯ ﻭ ﻛﺮﺧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﺷﺖﺧﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻪﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺁﻫﻮ )‪ (gazelle subgutturosaa‬ﻗﺪﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺷﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺭﺍﺱ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﺳﻬﺮﻳﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻴﺸﻠﻮ ﻭ ﺩﺷﺖ ﻣﻴﺮﺯﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﻠﻮﺭ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻫﻮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺳﻤﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻇﺮﺍﻓﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺍﻣﺎﻡ ﺭﺿﺎ»ﻉ«‬ ‫ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺷﺮﻡ ﻭﺧﺠﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺗﺮ ﺍﻳﻦﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﺧﺼﺖ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺮ ﺧﻼﺹ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪)) .‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻪﻫﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺴﺎﻝ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺭ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻠﻲﺍﻧﺪ‪(.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ ﺁﻫﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﻮﺯﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺯﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‪ 50 -100‬ﻗﻼﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺯﻳﺒﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺣﺸﺘﻨﺎﻙ ﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺰ ﻭ ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻔﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﭼﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺗﭙﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﻫﻴﺮﻛﺎﻧﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﺮﺳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ )ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﺧﺰﺭﻱ( ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﺰﻛﻮﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻗﻮچ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﻳﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻛﻠﻨﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻛﻮﻩ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻳﺮ ﻭ ﻛﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﻓﻖ ﻳﺰﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﻮﻥ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺑﺰﻛﻮﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻛﻮﻩ ﭘﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺖ ﭘﻠﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﺸﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺸﺘﻦ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻛﺸﺘﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺒﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺗﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﭘﻠﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ )ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ( ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪﻫﻴﭻ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻏﺮﺍﻕ ﺁﻣﻴﺰ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﺒﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻜﻮﻩ ﺧﺰﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﻪﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻠﮕﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﺰﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺒﺮ ﺧﺰﺭ ﻧﮕﻬﺒﺎﻥ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﺸﻪﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻴﺐ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻤﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﺍً‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻟﻴﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺻﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺗﺎ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺎ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ )ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺎ( ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻻﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻫﻲ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻏﺮﺍﻕﺁﻣﻴﺰ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻌﻲ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺮ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﮕﻪﺍﻱ ﺧﺰﺭ ﻭ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﺴﺮﻋﻤﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻪﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻱ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﻮ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬ ‫‪Christen Yves, Le peuple Leopard, Mich- (1‬‬ ‫‪alon, 2000, 302 P, P : 40-41, 260-263‬‬ ‫‪Ferrier Jean Paul, Voyages en Afghanistan, (2‬‬ ‫‪tome premier, Gerard Monfori, P: 267-268‬‬ ‫‪Kennion Roger Leloyd, By mountain, (3‬‬ ‫‪lakeand plain, Elibron classics, 2005, P:283‬‬ ‫‪P:267-268‬‬ ‫‪Kiabi and al Zoology in Middle East 26, (4‬‬ ‫‪2002, P: 41-47‬‬ ‫‪Jackson, P, Jackson A, des felins (Trad), (5‬‬ ‫‪Delachaux & Niestle, Lausarn, 1996, P:272‬‬ ‫‪Mithethapala S, Genetic and morphologi- (6‬‬ ‫‪cal variation in the leopard, a geographically‬‬ ‫‪widespread species, These, university of‬‬ ‫‪Florida, 1992, 249P‬‬ ‫‪Veron G cap sur les felins, Nathan, Paris, (7‬‬ ‫‪1997, P:128‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪ (8‬ﺗﺎﺟﺒﺨﺶ ﻭ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ‪ -‬ﻧﺨﺠﻴﺮﺍﻥ‪ -‬ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪ (9‬ﻫﻮﺷﻨﮓ ﺿﻴﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫‪ (10‬ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﻴﺮﺯﺍ ﻇﻞﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻟﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ‪ 64‬ﻭ‪43‬‬ ‫‪ (11‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻳﻮﺯﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻭﺷﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﻘﺎﺏ‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﻓﺮﻭﺷﮕﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺩﻭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺳﺨﺎﻳﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﭼﻪ ﺑﻬﻨﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪18‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪ 66737876 :‬ﻓﻜﺲ‪ 66741365 :‬ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‪09121750370 :‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﮔﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﻣﻴﺮ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺩﻭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺐ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻬﺮﻭﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﭼﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﻙ ‪14‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪66737876 :‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

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‫ﺍﻋﻀﺎء‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ »ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ«‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺩﺍﺭﻧــﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺳــﻼﺡ ﺷــﻜﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺎﻫﻴﮕﻴﺮﺍﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣـــﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﻴــﺎﺩﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ـ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺳﻦ ‪15‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪200,000‬ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫‪ .4‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺳــﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ )ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺴــﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ‪ 6222/88‬ﻧﺰﺩ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﻣﻠﺖ ﺷﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴــﻦ ﻛﺪ ‪ 65086‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺷــﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺮﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺰ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻞ ﻓﻴﺶ ﺍﺭﺳــﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪(.‬‬ ‫‪ .5‬ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻓﺮﻡ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻞ ﻓﻴﺶﻭﺍﺭﻳﺰﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻋﻜﺲ ‪) 3x4‬ﭘﺸﺖﻧﻮﻳﺴــﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ( ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﭙﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻠﻲ )ﻳﺎ ﻛﭙﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻭﺷﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺣﺎﺟﻲ ﻋﺴﮕﺮﻱ‬

‫ﻛﺪﻣﻠﻲ( ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪-‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ‪.15875-3734‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺣﺮ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﺏ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪574/2‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪ • 66839164 :‬ﻧﻤﺎﺑﺮ‪66371777 :‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‪09121371737 :‬‬ ‫‪WWW.GUNSTORE.IR‬‬ ‫‪manager@shotgun.ir‬‬

‫ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻀﺎء ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ‪ 4‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﺑــﻪ ﺍﻋﻀــﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ‪ 20‬ﺳــﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﺴــﻴﺞ ﻭ‬‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺜﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ‪550‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬

‫• ﺑﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳــﺖ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷــﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺗﻠﻔﻦﻫﺎﻱ‪ 88503194 :‬ﻭ ‪88515470‬‬ ‫‪www.irshna.com‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ‪m‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﻛﻛﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﭼﺎپ ﺁﮔﻬﻲ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎﺗﻲ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ »ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ« ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﻔﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪88515487-8 :‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻡ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺑﺎﺑﺖ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻡ ‪1280721083‬‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﻣﻠﺖ ﺷﻌﺒﻪ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺮﺩﺍﻣﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺪ ‪ 65087‬ﺑﻪﻧﺎﻡ »ﺣﻤﻴﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﻧﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻣﺰﻳﻨﺎﻧﻲ« ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺰ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺻﻞ ﻓﻴﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻓﺮﻡ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻔﺎً ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺮﻉ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﭙﻲ ﻓﺮﻡ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺍﺯ ‪ 25‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺷﻲ )ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ‪ 25‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ( ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻝ ‪ 8800 :‬ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ‪ /‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﻧﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﮔﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺷﻐﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﺪﭘﺴﺘﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﭘﻼﻙ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫( ﻧﻤﺎﺑﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﺪ‪) :‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻴﺶ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ،45‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪ 88515487-8:‬ﻓﻜﺲ‪88503193 :‬‬ ‫‪92‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫‪94‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﺎﺭﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺷﻜ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻔ ﻇ‬ ‫ﺎﻇ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪﻪ ﺣﻔ‬ ‫ﻠﻨﺎﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﻓﺼﻠﻨ‬

‫‪13387‬‬ ‫ﺎﭘﺎﻳﻳﻴﺰ ‪87‬‬

‫ﻛﻛﺮﻡﻛﺎﺭﻱﺳﺨﺖﺑﺮﺍﻱﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕﻓﻠﺰﻱﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱﻭﺩﺍﺧﻞﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻮﺷﺶﺩﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺮﻡ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺧﺸﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻔﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺭﻧﺖ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺩﺭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﻭ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺼﺐ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺼ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﻳﻴﭻ ﺭﻣﺰﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻛﻛﺮﻡﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﺩﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺮﻡ ﺳﺨﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﮓﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺳﻠﻤﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﭼﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﺼﻼﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﺯ ﺟﻤﻌﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﻼﻙ ‪ ،12‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪ (0443) 5245264 :‬ﻭ ‪ (0443) 5250421‬ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‪0912 3499450 :‬‬

‫ﺑﻪﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺮﻋﻠﻲ ﺍژﺩﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻲﻧﻈﻴـﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﻋﻠﻲ ﺍژﺩﺭﻱ ﻣﺴـﻮﻭﻝ »ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﻳﺮ« ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺍ ﺑﺑﺮ ﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺡ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﻃﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ ﻃ ﺍﺣ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﻲ ﺑﺑﺮﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧ‬ ‫ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳـﻼﺡ ﺷـﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺳـﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻻﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻃﺮﻓﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﻳﻴﭻ ﺭﻣﺰﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻼﺡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗـﻊ ﻏﻴﺮﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﮔﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﻋﻠﻲ ﺍژﺩﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺳـﻼﺡ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ 3‬ﻣﺪﻝ ‪270‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺠﻴـﺮ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧـﻲ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮ ‪ 6/68‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﮓﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻜﺲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺑﺮﻧﻮﻱ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒـﺮ ‪ 7/92‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﺁﺑﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶﺩﻫﻲ ﻛﺮﻭﻡ ﺳـﺨﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳـﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﻭ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧـﻲ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛـﺮﻭﻡ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫)ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ( ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺳـﺨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺑﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﻭﻡ ﺳﺨﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻔـﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﺮﻭﻡ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺯﻳﺒﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻟﻨﺸـﻴﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺮﻭﻡ ﺳـﺨﺖ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳـﺨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺷـﻔﺎﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 2/5-3800‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻣﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲﻛﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻛـﺮﻭﻡ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻪﻧـﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ‪3/1‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻣﻴﻠـﻲ ﺗﺠـﺎﻭﺯ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻼﺡ ﻫﻴﭻﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳـﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺧﺸﺎﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻔﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻔﻴﻒ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺭﻧﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲ‬

‫ﻭ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .4‬ﺑﻮﺵﺯﻧﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻓﺸـﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳـﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺸﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻼﺡ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷـﺶﺩﻫﻲ ﻛﺮﻭﻡ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺑﻮﺵ ﺯﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﻨﮓ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .5‬ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺳـﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻫـﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺷـﻴﻦﺁﻻﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﺷـﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧـﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .6‬ﭘﻮﺷـﺶﺩﻫﻲ ﻛﺮﻭﻡ ﺳـﺨﺖ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻇﺎﻫـﺮ ﺳـﻼﺡ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧـﻲ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳـﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﻭ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧـﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪4‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻡ‪(1 :‬ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﺕ ‪(2‬‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻕ ‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺭﺳـﻮﺏ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻕ ﻭ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ‬ ‫‪(4‬ﺭﺳـﻮﺏ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺳﻤﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .7‬ﺁﺑـﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶﺩﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪1357‬‬ ‫ﻃﻼ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻇﺎﻫـﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳـﺎﭼﻤﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﻭ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺯﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪ 0443 - 5245264 :‬ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﮕﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻋﺮﺿﻪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ‪ DAM‬ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‬

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‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬

‫ﻧﮕـﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻘﻠﻲﺁﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺟﻌﻔﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﺣﺣﻤﺎﻡ ﺣﺎﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻘﻠﻲ ﺁﻗﺎ )ﻧﻘﺶ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ(‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ 1122 :‬ﻫﺠﺮﻱ ﻗﻤﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠــﻪ ﺑﻴﺪﺁﺑــﺎﺩ ﺷــﻬﺮ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳــﻚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺳــﻮﻱ ﻗﺪﻳﻤــﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎﻳــﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻘﻠﻲﺁﻗﺎ ﻣﺸــﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻘﻠﻲ ﺁﻗﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﺟﻪﺳﺮﺍﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻛﺎﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻔــﻮﻱ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴــﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻤــﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑــﺎﺯﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺳــﺮﺍ ﻭ‬

‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺳــﻮﻮﻱ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳــﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﻠﻮﻱ ﺣﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻘﻠﻲ ﺁﻗﺎ‬ ‫"ﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﺪﻥ" ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﭽﻨﺎﻥﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﺩﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﺎﺷﻲﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻃﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻓﺼ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪1387‬‬ ‫ﺎ ﺰ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1122‬ﻫﺠﺮﻱ ﻗﻤﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﺣﻤﺎﻡ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﻫﻔﺖﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ -‬ﺗﺎ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺁﻫﻮ‬

‫ﻭ ﻛﺒﻚ ﻭ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﺭﮔﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﺪﻥ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺩ ﻓﺪﻥ‬