Ash Center Democracy Fellowship Five-Year Retrospective

Ash Center Democracy Fellowship Five-Year Retrospective academic years 2010–11 to 2014–15

information disclosure regulatory policy transnational regulatory regimes transparency public policy innovation in public administration ict e-democracy intersection of comparative and urban politics comparative government welfare poverty inequality the intersection of urban development and technology deliberative politics multilingual social movements migration gender race/ethnicity class citizen engagement participatory governance participation democratic innovation political actors deliberative democracy technology governance public policy administration institutional design campaigns and elections the potential of the internet digital transparency policies online citizen participation community-driven development methods comparative politics political economy urban politics latin american politics popular participation interest representation in the policy making process the quality of democratic institutions democratic theory democratic institutional innovations the politics of science and technology geospatial technologies interactive maps public e-participation serious digital games for civic engagement the intersection of democratic participation and law modern and contemporary political theory democratic theory distributive justice feminist theories american political behavior regime change and democratization turkish politics turkey-eu relations race and gender discrimination and inequality political polarization unequal political participation and representation governmental accountability and transparency constitutionalism political ethics the history of ideas social innovation democratic governance mass media race gender welfare politics common pool resource management public goods provision empowerment constitutional law human rights law european integration eu law theories of justice, ethics and democracy intergenerational relations theories of interpretation minority rights and representation the architecture of law making institutions federal Indian law censorship global justice just war theory international relations environmental politics comparative politics political economy of development state capacity and government performance public administration theory procedural preferences urban inequality social policy democracy in the twentieth century state capacity citizenship economics of regulation institutional economics law and economics participatory innovations direct and deliberative democracy perceived legitimacy participatory democracy citizen participation in representative systems voting procedures information disclosure regulatory policy transnational regulatory regimes transparency public policy innovation in public administration ict e-democracy intersection of comparative and urban politics comparative government welfare poverty inequality the intersection of urban development and technology deliberative politics multilingual social movements migration gender race/ethnicity class citizen engagement participatory governance participation democratic innovation political actors deliberative democracy technology governance public policy administration institutional design campaigns and elections the potential of the internet digital transparency policies online citizen participation community-driven development methods comparative politics political economy urban politics latin american politics popular participation interest representation in the policy making process the quality of democratic institutions democratic theory democratic institutional innovations the politics of science and technology geospatial technologies interactive maps public e-participation serious digital games for civic engagement the intersection of democratic participation and law modern and contemporary political theory democratic theory distributive justice feminist theories american political behavior regime change and democratization turkish politics turkey-eu relations race and gender discrimination and inequality political polarization unequal political participation and representation governmental accountability and transparency constitutionalism political ethics the history of ideas social innovation democratic governance mass media race gender welfare politics common pool resource management public goods provision empowerment constitutional law human rights law european integration eu law theories of justice, ethics and democracy intergenerational relations theories of interpretation minority rights and representation the architecture of law making institutions federal Indian law censorship global justice just war theory international relations environmental politics comparative politics political economy of development state capacity and government performance public administration theory procedural preferences urban inequality social policy democracy in the twentieth century state capacity citizenship economics of regulation institutional economics law and economics participatory innovations direct and deliberative democracy perceived legitimacy participatory democracy citizen participation in representative systems voting procedures information disclosure regulatory policy transnational regulatory regimes transparency public policy innovation in public administration ict e-democracy intersection of comparative and urban politics comparative government welfare poverty inequality the intersection of urban development and technology deliberative politics multilingual social movements migration gender race/ethnicity class citizen engagement participatory governance participation democratic innovation political actors deliberative democracy technology governance public policy administration institutional design campaigns and elections the potential of the internet digital transparency policies online citizen participation community-driven development methods comparative politics political economy urban politics latin american politics popular participation interest representation in the policy making process the quality of democratic institutions democratic theory democratic institutional innovations the politics of science and technology geospatial technologies interactive maps public e-participation serious digital games for civic engagement the intersection of democratic participation and law modern and contemporary political theory democratic theory distributive justice feminist theories american political behavior regime change and democratization turkish politics turkey-eu relations race and gender discrimination and inequality political polarization unequal political participation and representation governmental accountability and transparency constitutionalism political ethics the history of ideas social innovation democratic governance mass media race gender welfare politics common pool resource management public goods provision empowerment constitutional law human rights law european integration eu law theories of justice, ethics and democracy intergenerational relations theories of interpretation minority rights and representation the architecture of law making institutions federal Indian law censorship global justice just war theory international relations environmental politics comparative politics political economy of development state capacity and government performance public administration theory procedural preferences urban inequality social policy democracy in the twentieth century state capacity citizenship economics of regulation institutional economics law and economics participatory innovations direct and deliberative democracy perceived legitimacy participatory democracy citizen participation in representative systems voting procedures information disclosure regulatory policy transnational regulatory regimes transparency public policy innovation in public administration ict e-democracy intersection of comparative and urban politics comparative government welfare poverty inequality the intersection of urban development and technology deliberative politics multilingual social movements migration gender race/ethnicity class citizen engagement participatory governance participation democratic innovation political actors deliberative democracy technology governance public policy administration institutional design campaigns and elections the potential of the internet digital transparency policies online citizen participation community-driven development methods comparative politics political economy urban politics latin american politics popular participation interest representation in the policy making process the quality of democratic institutions democratic theory democratic institutional innovations the politics of science and technology geospatial technologies interactive maps public e-participation serious digital games for civic engagement the intersection of democratic participation and law modern and contemporary political theory democratic theory distributive justice feminist theories american political behavior regime change and democratization turkish politics turkey-eu relations race and gender discrimination and inequality political polarization unequal political participation and representation governmental accountability and transparency constitutionalism political ethics the history of ideas social innovation democratic governance mass media race gender welfare politics common pool resource management public goods provision empowerment constitutional law human rights law european integration eu law theories of justice, ethics and democracy intergenerational relations theories of interpretation minority rights and representation the architecture of law making institutions federal Indian law censorship global justice just war theory international relations environmental politics comparative politics political economy of development state capacity and government performance public administration theory procedural preferences urban inequality social policy democracy in the twentieth century state capacity citizenship economics of regulation institutional economics law and economics participatory innovations direct and deliberative democracy perceived legitimacy participatory democracy citizen participation in representative systems voting procedures information disclosure regulatory policy transnational regulatory regimes transparency public policy innovation in public administration ict e-democracy intersection of com-

The Ash Center’s Democracy Fellowship Program brings together a vibrant community of postdoctoral scholars, doctoral candidates, senior scholars, and practitioners in a unique intellectual environment that allows academic thought and leadership to flourish.

Dear Friends,

This retrospective tells the story of the first five years of the Ash Center’s Democracy Fellowships: the scope of fellows who have participated, the nature of the program, the unique intellectual community created by the Ash Center, and the impressive contributions fellows have made to both scholarship and practice.

Thank you for your interest in the Democracy Fellowship Program, a cornerstone of the Roy and Lila Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation at Harvard Kennedy School. The Ash Center advances excellence and innovation in governance and public policy through research, education, and public discussion. Three major programs support our mission: the Program on Democratic Governance, the Innovations in Government Program, and the Rajawali Foundation Institute for Asia. Scholars and public leaders look to the Ash Center not only for ideas, support, and education, but also for connection and partnership.

With matching gifts from the Ford Foundation and Roy and Lila Ash, the Ash Center was established in 2003 to study and preserve what Roy Ash called our “fragile” institution of democracy. The Ash Center became a permanent locus at Harvard Kennedy School dedicated to “thoughtful and focused attention to the nature, principles, functioning, and continued innovation and adaptations essential to a living and effective democracy.” In 2008, the Ash Center re-envisioned its efforts to improve the quality of democratic governance. Recently appointed the endowed Ford Foundation Professor of Democracy and Citizenship, Archon Fung took the lead in developing the Center’s ambitious new initiative to advance the reach, depth, and quality of democratic governance. Specifically, the new democratic governance initiative would fill two gaps in the current state of research on democratic governance.

The new initiative would first address the gap between contemporary political science and concrete concerns about policy and political dilemmas, which often undermines the utility of our insights and arguments in improving democratic governance. To fill the void in current scholarship in democratic governance that yields practical applications, the Ash Center created a range of opportunities and incentives to foster scholarship in democratic theory and social science toward research that is not only normatively and empirically sophisticated, but also problem-driven and actionable. We believe that scholarship at the intersection of normative, empirical, and practical considerations has a special power and appeal.

Second, current scholarship on democratic governance does not benefit from a canon of cumulated research, as do other disciplines. Thus, the initiative would create a unique space for the development of a new interdisciplinary field of constructive democracy studies and would dedicate its resources to scholarship oriented toward a wide range of problems and disciplines.

The program would seek to develop not only intellectual capital and new scholarship but also human capital and new networks—a critical component to field-building work.

We began by identifying excellent scholars whose intellectual interests and research agendas align with our priorities: who are devoted not only to understanding democracy’s ailments, but to finding solutions. We support these individuals by providing resources and creating an outstanding intellectual experience that exposes them to allied work and perspectives in ways that foster their own development and the development of their scholarship.

Finally, our human capital strategy includes constructing a geographically dispersed community of scholars of democratic engagement who will continue to enrich one another, who enjoy academic legitimacy and self-confidence that such a community provides, and who champion such research in their home institutions across the world.

Recognizing that the particular graduate training one receives profoundly shapes one’s intellectual tastes, methods, and projects, the Ash Center’s Democracy Fellowship Program is the heart of the Ash Center’s efforts to build a new field of scholars working to improve the quality of democratic governance.

The Democracy Fellowship Program welcomes postdoctoral scholars as well as doctoral candidates, senior scholars, and thoughtful practitioners who are conducting research related to democratic governance. Our fellowships support outstanding scholars and research in the fields of political theory, political philosophy, political science, sociology, law, and history that illuminate aspects of democratic governance. The fellowship program is an investment that creates incentives to encourage these scholars to pursue research that improves the quality of democratic governance, is multidisciplinary, and that includes practical and prescriptive components. The work we support provides normative and practical guidance regarding an urgent substantive policy and social problem.

This retrospective tells the story of the first five years of the Ash Center’s Democracy Fellowships: the scope of the fellows who have participated, the nature of the program, the unique intellectual community created at the Ash Center, and the impressive contributions fellows have made to both scholarship and practice. By doing so, we hope not only to celebrate these accomplishments but also chart our path forward.

Tony Saich Director, Ash Center Daewoo Professor of International Affairs

Archon Fung Academic Dean Ford Foundation Professor of Democracy and Citizenship

Understanding Democracy’s Challenges and Promising Solutions Some five years ago, the Ash Center re-envisioned its Democratic Governance Program as a unique intellectual environment that would seriously engage faculty, students, research fellows, senior practitioners, and outside scholars. This active research community would further the knowledge base and big ideas as well as the capacity of disciplines falling within the Ash Center’s new research and programmatic agenda.

Archon Fung and Tony Saich set out to draw a cohort of senior and junior faculty working on democratic issues to the Center, including Tarek Masoud, now Sultan of Oman Associate Professor of International Relations, and many others since. They also involved senior faculty including Jane Mansbridge, Alex Keyssar, and Merilee Grindle in setting research and program priorities. With an eye toward making an impact on both scholarship and professional practice, the Ash Center’s revitalized Democratic Governance Program would focus on understanding democracy’s challenges and their solutions through a number of initiatives.

In addition to launching the Democracy Fellowship Program described in this retrospective, those new initiatives included: Faculty research grants, to support faculty pursuing topics consistent with the Center’s new research agenda, intended to cover summer

salary and research travel, conference participation, as well as faculty workshops and seminars.

Democracy Seminar Series, to bring scholars and practitioners to present their research and engage students and others in lively debates about topical issues. With speakers including Martin Gilens, Francis Fukuyama, Joe Nye, and Niall Ferguson, the series is integral to the Ash Center’s position as a locus for cutting-edge research and exchange on democratic governance.

Democracy in Hard Places research initiative, to look at the structural relationships in democratic practices in the developed and developing world, seeking to understand why democratic institutions thrive in some countries while they fail in others. Masoud, for example, studies the roots of the electoral success of Islamic parties in the Arab world.

Participedia, to foster research that helps us understand the character, causes, and consequences of participatory governance practices throughout the world. Participedia is a wiki-based platform for scholars, students, and practitioners generating a library of examples and methods of participatory governance, public deliberation, and collaborative public action.

Transparency Policy Project, directed by Archon Fung, Mary Graham, and David Weil, to conduct in-depth research on governmentmandated systems designed to provide the public with critical information to improve public health and safety, reduce risks to investors, minimize corruption, and improve public services.

The Ash Center’s Democratic Governance Program continues to launch new research and programmatic initiatives and to welcome new faculty. For example, Transparency for Development is a five-year, mixed method research study led by Archon Fung, looking at the use of community scorecards to improve maternal and neonatal health in Indonesia and Tanzania.

Additional faculty who have since joined the Ash Center under the Democratic Governance Program include Assistant Professor of Public Policy Dara Kay Cohen, Senior Lecturer in Public Policy Marshall Ganz, Associate Professor of Public Policy Candelaria Garay, Assistant Professor of Public Policy Quinton Mayne (Democracy Postdoctoral Fellow 2010–2012), Visiting Professor of Public Policy Muriel Rouyer, Associate Professor of Public Policy Ryan Sheely, and a number of faculty affiliates.

Building a Community

The Ash Center serves as a vibrant intellectual environment in which Democracy Fellows with a diverse set of research interests and backgrounds come together to generate and explore exceptional scholarship on the toughest challenges to democratic governance.

While at the Ash Center, Democracy Fellows enjoy time and space away from teaching and other commitments that detract from their research and writing. Postdocs prepare a manuscript from their dissertation, write articles for submission to peerreviewed journals, gather additional data, or develop and collaborate with others on new research projects. Senior scholars on sabbatical work on any number of research and writing projects. Doctoral students are typically refining or completing their dissertations. “The Democracy Fellowship was the highlight of my time as a doctoral student,” writes one fellow. “Creating a community of like-minded scholars was a once in a lifetime experience for learning about the state of the emerging field of democratic governance, working closely with faculty such as Archon Fung, and connecting with external practitioners.”

At the heart of the Democracy Fellowship Program is the weekly seminar. The seminar acts as a forum through which young scholars gain experience discussing world events and democratic theory in an interdisciplinary setting. In addition, the seminar provides the fellows with an opportunity to present and discuss papers or book chapters, and to benefit from faculty guest lecturers who share their personal brainstorming, research, and writing processes.

Participants have found their fellowships to be productive times during which most are able to accomplish their goals, whether completing a dissertation, preparing articles, or launching new projects. Especially conducive to their work is the congenial environment, constructive feedback, and ongoing staff support. Those who did not meet their writing and other research goals cite external circumstance or their decision to forego some of their writing time to connect to the people and take advantage of other resources while at the Ash Center. weekly seminar While advancing research and writing is the primary pursuit of the fellowship, all Democracy Fellows also participate in the weekly Democracy Fellows seminar led by Archon Fung.

This seminar is the glue that brings all of the fellows together, no matter their discipline or the stage of their career, and is central to the unique intellectual and collaborative environment at the Ash Center.

The weekly seminar is a master class in democratic governance. It is the foundation of the fellowship’s intellectual community. The weekly seminar’s central objectives are to capture the mov-

ing state of the art and to create a common scholarly discourse around problems, texts, and knowledge of real-world activities in democratic governance.

Joined by a small number of Ash Center faculty, the closed nature of the seminar brings the benefits of intensity, continuity, and construction of a unique environment for the Democracy Fellows.

In the fall semester, each weekly seminar begins with a discussion of current issues in democratic governance. The second half of the weekly seminar is a discussion of assigned readings from the most relevant and important literature on key themes. The syllabus, developed by Archon Fung, changes from year to year to reflect the backgrounds of current fellows as well as developments in the relevant academic disciplines and innovations in institutions and public policies. In the spring semester, each weekly seminar again begins with a discussion of current issues, while the second half features a presentation and discussion of the work of a Democracy Fellow. Over the duration of the semester, the seminar provides each fellow an opportunity to present a work-inprogress and to receive substantive feedback useful for refining their research and writing.

Fostering interdisciplinary learning is central to the Democracy Fellowship, and each fellow contributes to this goal. Feedback on the program has shown that fellows find exchanging views on research topics with scholars from different national and disciplinary backgrounds especially stimulating. As young scholars, the doctoral students find it helpful to have an opportunity to practice expressing their opinions in a diverse intellectual environment. Postdoctoral Fellows often use the seminar as an opportunity to practice job talks, receiving valuable feedback from the community of fellows.

“Writing a dissertation is a solitary job,” writes one fellow. “So I cherished the seminars because we could all come together and explore deep philosophical questions. At the seminars, we would discuss in depth complex topics ranging from inequality, to prejudice, to our impact as researchers, while socializing with other fellows and learning about their research. The variety of topics we discussed, the contribution each fellow brought, and Archon’s skillful way of steering the discussion made the seminars a truly enriching and memorable experience.”

In addition to the weekly seminar, a number of other elements combine to create the special intellectual environment in which the Democracy Fellows engage while at the Ash Center. These include connection and collaboration with faculty and other fellows, presentations from some of the world’s most notable academics and practitioners, opportunities to contribute to the Ash Center community through its many programs, events, and more, and access to resources across the University. connection and collaboration At the Ash Center, Democracy Fellows join a vibrant community of scholars with a diverse set of research interests and backgrounds, devoted to encouraging leadership on democratic governance around the world.

Fellows have extensive opportunities to learn from, and interact with, senior Harvard faculty, visiting fellows and researchers, as well as politicians, policymakers, and other practitioners in residence.

Fellows consistently name the people and community of scholars they engage with while at the Ash Center, through the weekly seminars and shared workspace, as one of the greatest resources of the fellowship. “It was invaluable to meet with so many good people, build relationships and exchange ideas on work projects” writes one fellow. Fellows are often invited to participate in conferences and

Research Collaborations In addition to collaborating on workshops and real-world projects, Democracy Fellows have developed papers and fruitful research collaborations with faculty and other fellows, including: Public deliberation Didier Caluwaerts (Visiting Fellow 2013–2014) and Michael MacKenzie (Visiting Fellow 2013–2015) collaborated on three papers: “Deliberation, Internal Efficacy, and Citizen Influence,” “Deliberation and Long-Term Thinking,” and “The Personality Basis of Environmental Policy Preferences.”

Gender Emma Saunders-Hastings (Doctoral Fellow 2012–2013) and Shauna Shames (Doctoral Fellow 2012–2013) collaborated on a journal article on women’s suffrage and democratization.

Democratic quality Quinton Mayne and Brigitte Geißel (Visiting Senior Scholar 2011– 2012) coauthored a paper titled “Putting the Demos Back into the Concept of Democratic Quality” to be published in the International Political Science Review in 2016.

Transparency and accountability Hollie Russon Gilman (Visiting and Non-Resident Fellow 2011–2015), Jennifer Shkabatur (Visiting Fellow 2011–2012), and Francisca Rojas (Transparency Fellow 2010–2013) collaborated on a convening and research project related to transparency and accountability initiatives.

Participatory budgeting Paolo Spada (Postdoctoral Fellow 2011–2013) and Hollie Russon Gilman coauthored an article in Foreign Affairs based on their research on participatory budgeting with the World Bank.

Empirical analysis Jason Anastasopoulos (Postdoctoral Fellow 2013–2015) initiated multiple research projects with Ash Center faculty including Tarek Masoud and Maya Sen.

workshops organized by HKS faculty. Faculty and affiliates of the Ash Center meet regularly with fellows to discuss questions related to career paths, share professional advice, and offer guidance about grant writing, publishing, and community outreach.

A collegial atmosphere encourages mentoring, idea exchange, and collaboration. Democracy Fellows give public talks and guest lectures; meet with students and scholars from across the University; organize seminars, community outings, and other events; make major contributions to Ash faculty projects like Participedia, the Transparency Policy Project, and MyFairElection; and feature their work on the Challenges to Democracy blog and other Ash Center communications platforms.

Fellows have designed and organized events and programs related to their research, including Graham Smith (Senior Scholar 2013) and Michael Mackenzie’s collaboration on a daylong workshop “(Re)designing Democracy For The Long Term”; Maggie McKinley’s (Non-Resident Fellow 2013– 2014) leadership on #Hack4Congress, a series of multidisciplinary hackathons aimed at developing much-needed tech platforms to improve lawmaking, deliberation, and representation in legislatures; and Maija Karjalainen (Visiting Fellow 2014–2015) and Rikki Dean’s (Visiting Fellow 2015) organizing of a faculty workshop and public panel on Citizens’ Initiative Reviews. public seminars and panel discussions The Ash Center’s Democracy Seminar series brings well-known leaders in thought and practice to discuss their research and experiences with the Harvard community. Topics have included political participation, social policy, equitable economic development, and democratic outgrowths in former and current authoritarian regimes, along with new frameworks for viewing democracy. In addition to talks by a number of our Visiting Senior Scholars, past speakers have included Joseph Nye of Harvard Kennedy School, Congressman John Sarbanes of Maryland’s 3rd Congressional District, Lawrence Lessig of Harvard Law School, Francis Fukuyama of Stanford University, and many others. ash center community Fellows are invited to participate in the varied academic, social, and cultural events hosted by the Ash Center. Furthermore, they are encouraged to contribute to the Ash Center community by designing and leading workshops and conferences with scholars from Harvard and other universities, based on their research. Recent

examples include Jason Anastasopoulos’ workshop series exploring the latest research on immigration, race, and ethnicity, and Yanilda González’s (Postdoctoral Fellow 2014–2016) proposal for a JFK Jr. Forum event on policing for the Center’s Challenges to Democracy public dialogue series, and moderation of a seminar in the Center’s weekly Student Speaker series. Fellows contribute to ongoing Ash Center research projects such as Participedia and the Transparency Policy Project, they help organize Ash Center cultural events, make presentations to Ash Center colleagues, and contribute blog posts, profiles, and other content for Ash Center media. We actively encourage and support our Democracy Fellows in disseminating their research findings through scholarly publications, local and national media outlets, and community outreach opportunities. university-wide resources Fellows enjoy the benefits and opportunities that come with residence at one of the world’s premier academic institutions. Harvard University and Harvard Kennedy School offer a rich learning environment with many programs and initiatives to enhance fellows’ academic and professional development. Fellows participate in campus-wide activities such as lectures, seminars, workshops, and programs at other Schools. The quality and frequency of visiting speakers and other events across the University contribute to a stimulating intellectual environment.

Fellows mine the world-class collections of Harvard libraries, from Widener Library on Harvard Yard to the Kennedy School and Law School Libraries. Access to the library system’s eresources including online journals and database subscriptions are critical resources enjoyed by fellows. They are also able to audit courses in their areas of interest across the University and at other universities around Cambridge and Boston. This opportunity to audit courses is especially popular among Visiting Fellows who are still in doctoral programs learning their fields. Harvard Kennedy School also offers training in written communication, oral presentations, research, and other professional skills.

About the Fellows

Each year, the Democracy Fellows comprise a broadly interdisciplinary cohort that draws outstanding scholars conducting research that illuminates aspects of democratic governance.

All Democracy Fellows are chosen based on the quality, nature, and relevance of their research.

Fellows’ work illuminates aspects of democratic governance in ways that are innovative and push the boundaries of their academic disciplines, whether political theory and philosophy, political science, sociology, law, or history. Furthermore, their research should have the potential for normative or practical relevance regarding urgent substantive policy or social problems related to democratic governance. One goal of the fellowship is to help participants develop the confidence and knowledge to move beyond inward-looking research and to think as rigorously about application and engagement.

The Democracy Fellowship Program is built around providing regular opportunities for participants to develop and refine their research through discussion and collaboration with one another.

The diversity within the community of fellows allows for the creation of valuable connections between scholars from different disciplines. The community also encourages mentoring relationships between senior scholars and younger scholars launching their academic careers.

One fellow writes, “The Democracy Fellows Program manages to combine two objectives that are more often found in opposition to one another: disciplinary focus and intellectual diversity. In my cohort we had scholars from the United States, Canada, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Egypt, Northern Ireland, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Finland, and many other places as well. We had economists, lawyers, political scientists, policy analysts, government officials, academics, philosophers, and activists. Our common interests revolve around the promises (and challenges) of democratic governance.”

There are five broad categories of Democracy Fellowships hosted by the Ash Center. No matter their discipline or stage of their career, all Democracy Fellows are equal members and contributors to the community. Two of the fellowship categories are funded positions: the Postdoctoral Fellowship and Doctoral Fellowship. The Visiting Fellow, Visiting Senior Scholar, and Non-Resident Fellow positions are typically unfunded; fellows find funding support from their home institutions or other sources.

postdoctoral fellowships Since 2010, the Ash Center’s Democracy Postdoctoral Fellowship has supported postdoctoral scholars who have recently completed their dissertations. As they start their own academic careers, Postdoctoral Fellows join the Ash Center’s academic community and participate in the Democracy Fellows weekly seminar. The fellowship provides time and space for the fellows to work on preparing either a book manuscript based on their dissertation or related academic publications. Postdoctoral Fellows receive an annual stipend, health coverage, research budget, and a workstation at the Ash Center over the twoyear duration of the fellowship. The Ash Center has funded five Postdoctoral Fellows since 2010. doctoral fellowships The Ash Center offers two Democracy Doctoral Fellowships each year. The aim of this program component is to support welldefined and relevant doctoral work from Harvard University students. Doctoral Fellows have come from the Department of Government, the Department of History, and Harvard Law School. Doctoral Fellows have an excellent academic record and have progressed beyond the conceptual stages of their research. In addition to joining a unique academic community, Doctoral Fellows participate in the weekly seminar and are afforded the time and space to work on completing their dissertations without the obligation of teaching at a critical time in their program. They receive a stipend and work space at the Ash Center over the one-year duration of the fellowship. The Center has funded six Democracy Doctoral Fellows since 2012. visiting fellowships For its Democracy Visiting Fellowship, the Ash Center hosts doctoral candidates, postdoctoral students, and senior practitioners who have secured outside funding and whose work addresses substantive concerns and offers normative or practical guidance regarding those concerns. Visiting Fellows are often scholars whose work focuses on two areas: innovations in public participation and political participation in non-democracies. The duration of the Visiting Fellowship is six months to one year, during which fellows engage in the Ash Center’s unique academic community and are provided space and other institutional support to work on their research. The Center has hosted 17 Democracy Visiting Fellows since 2009.

visiting senior scholars To enrich the intellectual resources of its community, the Ash Center hosts Senior Scholars whose backgrounds are compatible with the Center’s core research priorities. Typically, the Senior Scholars are faculty on sabbatical from other universities who come to further their own research. The duration of their stay is six months to one year, during which the Senior Scholars participate in the Center’s academic community and Democracy Fellows seminar, and are provided space and other forms of institutional support. The Center has hosted seven visiting senior scholars. non-resident fellowships Each year, rounding out the community of Democracy Fellows is a small group of Non-Resident Fellows who participate in the weekly fellows seminars. These fellows often enjoy appointments at other Harvard Kennedy School research centers or other schools at Harvard University, and their work brings new disciplinary perspectives to discussions on improving democratic governance.

23/21 Gender

Fellows by the Numbers

44

The gender split among Democracy Fellows has been close to even: 23 women and 21 men.

PhD-Granting Institutions

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26

Democracy Fellowship Program

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We have welcomed 44 Democracy Fellows in the program’s first 5 years, representing a diversity of institutions, regions, and research interests.

The Democracy Fellowship Program has attracted some of the best young and established scholars from 26 of the world’s top universities. The diagram below shows the PhD-granting institutions represented by the Democracy Fellows.

17

Country of Origin

Each cohort of Democracy Fellows is international in its composition, bringing an element of geographic and cultural diversity to the group. Past fellows represent 17 different countries; here is a world map showing the countries represented by Democracy Fellows.

● 5+ ● 2–4 ●1

Primary Research Interests

20

Participation

15

Comparative/International

The Democracy Fellows comprise a broadly interdisciplinary cohort drawn together by a commitment to understanding the greatest challenges to democratic governance and exploring promising solutions.

As outstanding scholars, most have multiple interests. Here is a list of the top 14 areas of research interest represented by Democracy Fellows.

12

Political and Democratic Theory

10

Public Policy

9

Technology

7

Deliberative Democracy

6

Innovation

6

Welfare, Poverty, Inequality

5

Law Economics

5

Race, Gender, Ethnicity

5

Urban Politics

4

Transparency

4

Social Movements

4

14

Incoming Democracy Fellows represent a successful group of scholars and students who had collectively earned over 150 awards, fellowships, and other honors. At least seven Democracy Fellows had been

Awards, Fellowships, and Honors Before Fellowship

recognized by the Fulbright Program, three by the European Commission’s Marie Curie Fellowship Program, and many had been recognized by their home institution for research, teaching, and more.

Below is a selection of national and international recognitions of the Democracy Fellows’ work before they joined the Ash Center.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Pre-Diss

tition • American Association for the Advancement of

tion Award in Urban Politics • American Political Scie

Science Association Robert E. Lane Best Book Award

Award • Australian Research Council Laureate Fellow

Research Forum of the Arab Countries, Iran and Turke

European Fellowship • EU Marie Curie Postdoctoral Fe sortium for Political Research Jean Blondel PhD Pr

Research Fellowship • Fulbright Scholarship for Docto

Top Ten Article • Global Partnership for Social Accou

American Studies Association/Oxfam Martin Diskin D

dation Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement G Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education

List, Order of the British Empire • Rhodes Scholarsh

dation World Politics and Statecraft Fellowship • Soc

tation Fellowship • Social Science Research Council In

of Canada Graduate Scholarship • Social Sciences an

150+

sertation Fellowship • American Association for Public Opinion Research, Student Paper Compe-

f Science Big Data & Analytics Fellowship • American Political Science Association Best Disserta-

ence Association Ernst B. Haas Best Dissertation Award in European Politics • American Political

d in Political Psychology • American Political Science Association Steven M. Block Civil Liberties

wship • Dutch and Flemish Political Science Association Annual PhD Prize Nomination • Economic

ey Research Fellowship • EU Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship • EU Marie Curie Intra-

ellowship • European Commission for Democracy through Law Appointed Member • European Con-

ize • Fulbright Belgium Frank Boas Fellowship • Fulbright Fellowship • Fulbright Pre-Doctoral

oral Students • German Research Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship • Global Justice Law Review

untability Award • Institute for Humane Studies Fellowship • Irish Research Council Grant • Latin

Dissertation Award • MacArthur Prize Fellowship • Max Weber Fellowship • National Science Foun-

Grant • National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Honorable Mention • National and Research Training Fellowship • National Science Foundation Travel Funds Award • Queen’s ip • Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health and Society Scholarship • Smith-Richardson Foun-

cial Science Research Council/Open Society Foundations Drugs, Security, and Democracy Disser-

nternational Dissertation Research Fellowship • Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council

nd Humanities Research Council of Canada Dissertation Support • UNICEF Child and Peace Award

Fellows who were at the Ash Center for more than one year are only listed once, under the first year of their fellowship.

2010–11

Individual Fellows

Elena Fagotto, Transparency Fellow (2009–2012) Research Director, Transparency Policy Project, Harvard Kennedy School Cristiano Ferri Soares de Faria, Visiting Fellow (2009–2010) Director, HackerLab, Brazilian House of Representatives Quinton Mayne, Postdoctoral Fellow (2010–2012) Assistant Professor of Public Policy, Harvard Kennedy School Stein Ringen, Visiting Senior Scholar (2010–2011) Professor of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Oxford

All 44 Democracy Fellows with type of fellowship, year(s) of fellowship, current title, and affiliation.

They are grouped by academic year.

Francisca Rojas, Transparency Fellow (2010–2013) Urban Development Specialist, Inter-American Development Bank

2011–12 Nicole Doerr, Visiting Fellow (2011–2013) Associate Professor of Sociology, University of Copenhagen John Gaventa, Visiting Senior Scholar (2011) Professor and Director of Research, University of Sussex Institute of Development Studies Brigitte Geißel, Visiting Senior Scholar (2011–2012) Professor for Political Sciences and Political Social Sciences and Director, Goethe-University ‘Democratic Innovations’ Research Unit Viviane Petinelli e Silva, Visiting Fellow (2012) Coordinator of Political and Social Programs, Instituto de Políticas Governamentais do Brasil Hollie Russon Gilman, Visiting and Non-resident Fellow (2011–2015) Civic Innovation Fellow, New America Foundation and Postdoctoral Research Scholar, Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs Henrik Schober, Visiting Fellow (2011) Acting Head of Customised Education and Executive Programme Development, Hertie School of Governance Jennifer Shkabatur, Visiting Fellow (2011–2012) Assistant Professor of Government, IDC Herzliya Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy & Strategy, and Specialist on Social Development & ICT, World Bank Paolo Spada, Postdoctoral Fellow (2011–2013) Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Southampton

2012–13 Lindsay Mayka, Postdoctoral Fellow (2012–2013) Assistant Professor of Government, Colby College Alfred Moore, Visiting Fellow (2012) Postdoctoral Research Fellow, University of Cambridge Centre for Research in the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities

Hallie Ludsin, Visiting Fellow (2013–2014) Adjunct Professor, Emory University School of Law Michael MacKenzie, Visiting Fellow (2013–2015) Assistant Professor, University of Pittsburgh Department of Political Science Maggie McKinley, Non-resident Fellow (2013–2014) Climenko Fellow and Lecturer on Law, Harvard Law School

Alenka Poplin, Visiting Fellow (2013) Assistant Professor of Community and Regional Planning, Iowa State University

Jennifer Pan, Doctoral Fellow (2013–2014) Assistant Professor of Communication, Stanford University

Laura Roth, Visiting Fellow (2012–2013) Visiting Professor, Universitat Pompeu Fabra

Tomer Perry, Visiting Fellow (2013–2015) Research Associate, Harvard University Edmund J. Safra Center for Ethics

Emma Saunders-Hastings, Doctoral Fellow (2012–2013) Harper Fellow and Collegiate Assistant Professor, University of Chicago Shauna Shames, Doctoral Fellow (2012–2013) Assistant Professor, Political Science, Rutgers University-Camden Graham Smith, Visiting Senior Scholar (2013) Professor of Politics, University of Westminster Department of Politics and International Relations, Centre for the Study of Democracy Kivanç Ulusoy, Visiting Fellow (2012–2013) Associate Professor of Political Science, Istanbul University Faculty of Political Science, Department of Public Administration

2013–14

Yves Sintomer, Visiting Senior Scholar (2014) Professor of Political Science, Paris VIII University and Senior Fellow, French University Institute

2014–15 Emily Clough, Doctoral Fellow (2014–2015) PhD Candidate, Harvard University Department of Government Rikki Dean, Visiting Fellow (2015) PhD Candidate in Social Policy, London School of Economics John Dryzek, Visiting Senior Scholar (2014) Centenary Professor and ARC Laureate Fellow, University of Canberra Centre for Deliberative Democracy and Global Governance

Jason Anastasopoulos, Postdoctoral Fellow (2013–2015) Assistant Professor, University of Georgia Department of Public Administration and Policy and Department of Political Science

Claire Dunning, Doctoral Fellow (2014–2015) PhD Candidate, Harvard University Department of History

Jonathan Bruno, Doctoral Fellow (2013–2014) PhD Candidate, Harvard University Department of Government

Sahar Hassanin, Carnegie Fellow (2014–2015) Founding Member, Egyptian Network for Integrated Development

Didier Caluwaerts, Visiting Fellow (2013–2014) Assistant Professor of Public Policy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Maija Karjalainen, Visiting Fellow (2014–2015) PhD Candidate in Political Science, University of Turku

Martin Gilens, Visiting Senior Scholar (2013) Professor of Politics, Princeton University

Selena Ortiz, Non-resident Fellow (2014–2015) Robert Wood Johnson Health and Society Scholar, Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies.

Oded Grajew, Visiting Fellow (2013) Founder, Our São Paulo Network Tara Grillos, Visiting Fellow (2013–2015) Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Colorado Boulder Institute of Behavioral Science Klemen Jaklic, Visiting Fellow (2013–2015) Visiting Scholar, Harvard University Center for European Studies and Head Teaching Fellow, Harvard University Catherine Lena Kelly, Non-resident Fellow (2013–2014) American Council of Learned Societies Public Fellow, American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative

Yanilda González, Postdoctoral Fellow (2014–2016)

Jonathan Rinne, Visiting Fellow (2014–2015) PhD Candidate and Research/Teaching Fellow, Goethe-University ‘Democratic Innovations’ Research Unit

Impact on Fellows

Ash Center

The program’s ability to have an impact on fellows, imbuing a commitment to real-world solutions in their future career choices and scholarship, relies on meeting three primary objectives: identifying and attracting outstanding scholars committed to practical solutions, providing a unique intellectual environment, and building a global network.

The Democracy Fellowship Program’s contribution to democratic governance begins with understanding its impact on the fellows themselves and subsequently the impact that fellows go on to make in their respective fields and institutions.

attract outstanding scholars The Democracy Fellowship has been successful in identifying and attracting outstanding scholars whose intellectual interests and research agendas fit within the Center’s priorities, and who are devoted not only to understanding democracy’s ailments, but to finding solutions. We have welcomed 44 scholars as Democracy Fellows in the program’s first five years.

Representing a variety of interests and institutions, their disciplines have ranged broadly from comparative politics and democratic theory to history and economics. Fellows have come to Harvard from Latin America, Europe, Middle East/North Africa, Oceania, and across North America.

In 2015, we received an unprecedented 130+ applications for just one incoming Postdoctoral Fellow position. While the program’s reputation allows it to attract a diversity of backgrounds and interests, a common thread linking the fellows is their commitment to improving democratic governance. One fellow remarks, “At Yale I was the only one studying democratic innovations, at the Ash Center I was surrounded by people like me for the first time. It was incredibly useful.” Another writes, “It was a real pleasure to spend time with an extremely bright and motivated group of doctoral and post-doctoral students all interested in discussing democratic theory and practice. It may seem odd, but democratic theory and practice is a minor current within political theory and science and so it is a rare and wonderful thing to have so many bright minds considering developments in this field.”

One testament to the Democracy Fellowship’s appeal is its ability to welcome senior scholars like John Dryzek, John Gaventa, Martin Gilens, and others already well-established in the fields of democratic theory and beyond. Also important is its ability to attract young scholars who have been so widely recognized in their fields—as evidenced by the sample of awards and recognitions listed above. Another measure of the program’s appeal is the Ash Center’s ability to leverage modest resources (primarily space and administration) to

attract self-funded research fellows and scholars.

While the Center provides a stipend to four fellows each year, it regularly hosts four or more fellows who have secured their own outside funding.

A 2014 external academic review of the Ash Center, conducted by a multidisciplinary group of leading scholars from across North America, reported, “Among the many strengths of the Democracy pillar, the Democracy Fellowship Program stands out for its long-term contributions to the study of democracy. It attracts doctoral and postdoctoral candidates who are doing creative, high-caliber work at the leading edge of theoretical and methodological contributions to the field.” provide unique intellectual environment The Democracy Fellowship’s greatest success, perhaps, has been in providing a unique intellectual environment that exposes scholars to allied work and perspectives in ways that foster their own development and the development of their scholarship.

The suite of resources such as space, time, intellectual environment, and opportunities for crossing disciplines provided by the Democracy Fellowship has evolved and grown over time. One fellow writes, “A fantastic mix of casual exchanges and serious scholarly examinations. The best forum out there for debating democracy.”

In sharing how the community contributed to their own development and to the development of their scholarship, fellows particularly appreciate the emphasis on normative or practical considerations and on policy solutions with real-world implications.

One fellow shares, “I found our democracy seminars to be supportive and stimulating. In particular, I appreciated the focus on the normative elements of research on democracy. I found that the fellowship pushed me to think about the policy implications for my research, and served as a reminder that I should not shy away from my interest in making Latin America a more equitable and democratic place.” Another writes, “It was a model of how to be a scholar-citizen in ways that I hadn’t seen before, and am grateful to have seen modeled.” build a global network A long-term goal of the Democracy Fellowship Program is to construct a geographically dispersed community of scholars dedicated to the advancement of democracy studies. Membership in this community affords fellows an academic legitimacy and self-confidence and encourages them to continue to enrich one anoth-

er. The global network also champions outstanding scholarship on democratic theory and practice throughout some of the world’s most prestigious academic institutions.

One measure of the program’s ability to build a global network of scholars is the number of formal collaborations, coauthored papers, friendships, and personal connections among fellows embarked upon both during the fellowship as well as subsequently. One fellow remarked, “The center is a fantastic nexus for networking, I now basically know almost everybody in the field of Democratic Innovations thanks to the relationship and the projects I initiated at Ash.” Many of the coauthored papers and other collaborations among fellows listed above extend beyond the time of individual fellowships and strengthen this unique network.

Democracy Fellows have gone on to make impressive strides in improving democracy through robust scholarship, through instructing the next generation of political and civic leaders, and through practice. A number of Democracy Fellows (non-senior scholars) have launched successful careers in academia. Of 11 former Democracy Doctoral and Postdoctoral Fellows (Ash Center-funded), all are in academic positions: five in laddered

or tenure-track faculty positions and three in postdoctoral fellowships. The other three are still in their doctoral programs. Among 16 former Visiting Fellows who were either doctoral candidates or postdocs at the time of their fellowship, four are in laddered or tenure-track positions and seven are in other academic positions. Another three are still in their doctoral programs. Of the remaining fellows, nine are senior scholars who were already established in their academic careers and seven are working in non-academic roles. From these positions, former Democracy Fellows have gone on to make an impact on scholarship and on practice.

Where the Fellows Are Today

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Current Location The global network of fellows stretches across 14 countries, with concentrations in the United States, Northern Europe, and Brazil.

Current Positions: Ash Center-Funded Fellows

Current Positions: Senior Scholars, Visiting Fellows, and Practitioners

Of 11 Ash Center-funded Doctoral and Postdoctoral Fellows, 5 are now in tenure track faculty positions.

The 33 visiting scholars and practitioners have moved on to (or in some cases returned to) a number of different academic and non-academic positions.

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33 Tenure-Track Faculty

Postdoctoral Fellowship

PhD Candidate

Senior Faculty

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Other Academic 9

PhD Candidate Tenure-Track Faculty 5

3 Non-Academic 7

Impact on Scholarship

Democracy Fellows have a robust set of research interests, and are making a real impact in areas of scholarship including innovations in participation, the mechanics and potential of public deliberation, understanding the influence of digital technology on democratic governance, the provision of public goods and services in a democratic society, the frontiers of democratic theory, and the relationship between democratic governance and persistent social problems. books

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135+ Publications After Fellowship

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The Democracy Fellowship Program is the central component of the Ash Center’s efforts to fill a void in democratic theory and social science scholarship that is both normative and empirical, practical and analytical, multidisciplinary and rigorous.

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One measure of the impact of former Democracy Fellows on scholarship is the volume and variety of their work. Since leaving the Ash Center, Democracy Fellows have produced at least 135 papers, articles, and other types of publications.

These publications include 57 peer-reviewed articles in esteemed academic journals, 10 books and 23 book chapters, 29 working papers, and 18 policy reports for government and civic organizations.

Democracy Fellows are making notable contributions to scholarship and discourse on a number of pressing social and political problems. For example, several fellows focus on public participation.

Topics in this field include citizens’ participation in the provision, management, and monitoring of public services; competing discourses of public participation in policy decisions; how participation influences decision outcomes, and the individuals and groups that participate; innovations in citizen participation around the social economy and environmental governance; and participatory innovations’ effect on procedural fairness and outcome satisfaction.

Another common theme is the changing role of digital technology in government and the influence and challenges it presents to democratic governance. Topics include digital technology for increasing and improving citizen advocacy; institu-

tional design for online citizen participation in regulatory institutions; digital technology, deliberative and participatory mechanisms in the Brazilian Parliament; and the impact of telecommunications on mediation of international migration.

A third area of interest among fellows is understanding the mechanisms and potential of democratic deliberation, with topics including deliberative democracy and global justice; deliberative democracy in divided societies/political systems in stress; vulnerability of deliberative and participatory decision-making to interest group capture; and preconditions and institutional necessities for societal consultation.

The provision of public services ranging from public safety and criminal justice to health and education is a fourth area ripe with interest among fellows. Topics include crime, violence, states’ ability to provide security, and the experience and practice of citizenship; the effect of NGOs on the state’s capacity to provide public services; how cognitive frames influence health and social policy and individual health care decision-making; nonprofits role in economic, political, spatial, and social development of American cities; philanthropy and normative concerns about paternalism and unequal influence; and preventive detention.

The complex role that transparency and disclosure policy can play in reducing consumer risk and improving government performance is another focus of fellows' research. Topics include transparency in modern democratic theory and practice; transnational regulatory regimes; and global food safety.

Pushing at the frontiers of democratic theory is a sixth pursuit shared by a number of fellows.

Their forward-looking concepts include global democracy; liberal legitimacy; and the question of respect.

Subnational politics/policymaking has been another issue of concern to Democracy Fellows. A number of participants examine the decentralization of powers from national capitals to city halls and regional governments; they also look at how participatory innovations and technology influence urban politics.

While there are a number of other challenges and questions guiding the research of fellows, a final theme worth noting is the relationship between democratic governance and persistent problems such as injustice, discrimination, and inequality. Topics include the connection between race, gender, and perceptions of politics; and the politics of diversity in modern America.

Impact on Practice

A number of Democracy Fellows have direct involvement in practice, with professional roles on the frontlines of improving democratic governance in legislatures, think tanks, and development organizations across the globe.

Seven former fellows are working directly on the frontlines of democratic governance in non-academic roles. As Director of HackerLab in the Brazilian House of Representatives, Cristiano Ferri Soares de Faria (Visiting Fellow 2009–2010) has championed a number of pioneering and award-winning projects in leveraging digital technology to promote citizen voice and participation, to encourage social and economic development, and to engage the tech community in improving governance in Brazil.

Catherine Kelly (Non-Resident Fellow 2013–2014) is a senior fellow with the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative. Francisca Rojas, a Housing and Urban Development Specialist for the InterAmerican Development Bank in Washington, DC and Buenos Aires, Argentina, writes of the fellowship, “Through my practical work in Argentina, I often find myself recalling and reflecting on the many discussions we had at Ash, which is to me, an indication of the incredible relevance and purposefulness of the fellowship.”

Democracy Fellows pursuing academic careers are also keeping a hand in practice. Klemen Jaklic (Visiting Fellow 2013–2015), for example, was recently shortlisted for a Judgeship at the European Court of Human Rights in Slovenia. Quinton Mayne is working with Ash Center faculty member Jorrit de Jong, Lecturer in Public Policy and Management, on a novel Innovation Field Lab for Harvard Kennedy School students. This partnership with several Massachusetts cities deploys dedicated groups of students to examine urban problems in a focused and systematic way, providing technological solutions beneficial to the city and its residents.

In addition to being an Assistant Professor at the Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy & Strategy in Herzliya, Israel, Jennifer Shkabatur (Visiting Fellow 2011–2012) is a Specialist on Social Development and Information Communication Technology (ICT) with the World Bank.

Already active in community work before his fellowship, Henrik Schober (Visiting Fellow 2011) shares, “the talks and discussions about practical impacts of (political) science are among my dearest memories of my time at Ash, and they certainly had a great impact on both my professional life and my social commitment. . . .” Alenka Poplin (Visiting Fellow 2013) writes, “I am grateful to Prof. Archon Fung for this great opportunity which opened up the door to my productive collaboration with Harvard Center for Geospatial Analysis. We now collaborate on testing the Harvard WorldMap . . . online mapping system that is freely available to everyone.”

Incubator for Research Agendas and Collaboration A 2014 external academic review of the Ash Center, conducted by a multidisciplinary group of leading scholars from across North America, wrote “The Ash Center’s Democracy Fellows Program has no equal, anywhere in the world, as a site where democratic theorists and empirical social scientists engage and improve one another’s work over a sustained period . . . Current fellows cited their weekly seminar, led by Archon Fung, as the cornerstone of their intellectual community at the Center, helping them to hone their individual research agendas by bringing them into contact with theoretical frameworks with which they would not otherwise have engaged. It is difficult to overstate the value of this program as an incubator for research agendas and collaborations that will stretch long into the future.”

Looking Forward

The Democracy Fellowship Program will continue to attract the brightest young and established scholars committed to improving the quality of democratic governance—and provide them with a unique, robust intellectual community.

Growth over time within the Democracy Fellowship has been steady, in particular as the number of Visiting and Non-Resident Fellows invited to participate grows (the number of Postdoctoral and Doctoral Fellows is constant at two each, and the number of Visiting Senior Scholars is traditionally no more than one). Below is a table with the number of Democracy Fellows over the last five years.

Because some fellowships span more than one year, the total is greater than 44. A cohort size of 15 is a good match for both the program design and current space and resource availability.

Based on feedback from former fellows, we hope to engage more Visiting Senior Scholars and senior faculty from across Harvard Kennedy School and Harvard University. This involvement would create more opportunities for younger scholars to benefit from individual mentoring in both their research and career development. We could also encourage fellows to engage more with the broader Ash Center community, including informal social occasions, with individual faculty, with other research fellows, and with staff from related research and programs like the Transparency Policy Project, Transparency for Development, and Participedia. Ash Center staff could work more closely with fellows in organizing workshops or outreach events that help further their own research. We could also provide additional programming to help fellows develop useful tools, skills, and ideas such as writing workshops, methodology-themed seminars, one-on-one feedback from senior faculty, and perhaps opportunities to lecture. Another initiative could be to help connect fellows to practitioners in their fields of interest, for example government and civic leaders launching democratic innovations, both for research and instructional purposes.

Fellows have expressed a desire to be able to continue to share recent work, exchange ideas, and perhaps identify new opportunities for collaboration with other Democracy Fellows after their fellowships have ended. In September 2015, we held an informal gathering at the American Political Science Association’s Annual Meeting.

In some ways, this retrospective commemorating the fifth anniversary of the Democracy Fellowship Program has offered a wonderful opportunity to reconnect with some former fellows, and to deepen ties with others, in the process of updating the fellows’ current information including publications and other accomplishments. It will serve as a solid foundation for maintaining and strengthening the global network of Democracy Fellows.

Democracy Fellowship Growth Over Time

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2010–2011

Fellow Profiles Individual profiles of all 44 fellows, organized by academic year.

Elena Fagotto Transparency and Visiting Fellow, 2009–2012 Research Director, Transparency Policy Project Harvard Kennedy School Cambridge, Massachusetts

Elena Fagotto’s research interests include information disclosure, regulatory policy, transnational regulatory regimes. Fagotto has worked with the Transparency Policy Project since its inception, publishing extensively on the role of information disclosure as a regulatory tool and on institutional designs to make transparency more effective. Earning her PhD in Law and Economics from Erasmus University Rotterdam, Fagotto’s work has been recognized by LUISS University, Rome, where she is a visiting professor. Fagotto’s recent publications include “Private Roles in Food Safety Provision: The Law and Economics of Private Food Safety” in European Journal of Law and Economics, 2013 and chapter “Are We Being Served? The Relationship Between Public and Private Food Safety Regulation” in The Changing Landscape of Food Governance, 2015.

Writing a dissertation is a solitary job. So I cherished the seminars because we could all come together and explore . . . complex topics ranging from inequality, to prejudice, to our impact as researchers, while socializing with other fellows and learning about their research.

Cristiano Ferri Soares Faria Visiting Fellow, 2009–2010

Quinton Mayne Postdoctoral Fellow, 2010–2012

Director, HackerLab Brazilian House of Representatives Brasilia, Brazil

Assistant Professor of Public Policy Harvard Kennedy School Cambridge, Massachusetts

Cristiano Ferri Soares Faria has served as a senior official in the Brazilian House of Representatives since 1993. Ferri completed his PhD at the State University of Rio de Janeiro, where he studied how ICT is empowering legislators to leverage crowdsourcing in their lawmaking. His research interests include transparency, public policy, innovation in public administration, ICT, and e-democracy. Ferri’s work has been recognized by Global Voices’ Breaking Borders Awards, the Vitalizing Democracy Reinhard Mohn Prize, and the Ibero-American Secretary-General. His recent publications include The Open Parliament in the Age of the Internet: Can the People Now Collaborate with Legislatures in Lawmaking?, 2013, and “Progress and Challenges of e-Democracy Project of the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies” in Parlamentos Abiertos a la Sociedad: Participación y Monitorización, 2013.

Quinton Mayne was the Ash Center’s first Democracy Postdoctoral Fellow. His research and teaching interests lie at the intersection of comparative and urban politics, particularly in how the design and reform of democratic political institutions affect how citizens think and act politically. His dissertation, entitled “The Satisfied Citizen: Participation, Influence, and Public Perceptions of Democratic Performance,” won the American Political Science Association's 2011 Ernst B. Haas Best Dissertation Award in European Politics as well as the 2011 Best Dissertation Award in Urban Politics. Now an Assistant Professor of Public Policy at Harvard Kennedy School, Mayne is working on a book project explaining why some societies are more content than others with the overall functioning of their political systems. His work has appeared or is forthcoming in the Journal of Politics, Comparative Politics Studies, and the International Political Science Review.

Besides accessing fantastic libraries and resources in Harvard, the attendance of the seminars and the connection with scholars in the Ash Center were fundamental to amplify my mindset and increase skills to face the challenges of my research and work.

Looking back over the past five years, it becomes clear just how much the Democracy Program— thanks to the vision and guiding hand of Archon Fung—has helped me think differently about my own work and what I hope it can accomplish as well as the purpose and import of political science in helping understand and address pressing social need.

Stein Ringen Visiting Senior Scholar, 2010–2011

Francisca Rojas Transparency Fellow, 2010–2013

Professor of Sociology and Social Policy University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom

Housing and Urban Development Specialist InterAmerican Development Bank Washington, DC and Buenos Aires, Argentina

Stein Ringen’s research interests include comparative government, welfare, poverty, and inequality. Among other recognitions, Ringen received a Doctor Honoris Causa from Masaryk University and was granted honorary professorships at Central China Normal University and Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, in 2014. At the Ash Center, Ringen conducted research for Nation of Devils: Democratic Leadership and the Problem of Obedience, published by Yale University Press in 2013, in which he explores how a government dispenses necessary rule to its population, and how the population protects itself from excess rule. Other publications include What Democracy Is For: On Freedom and Moral Government, 2009, and The Korean State and Social Policy, 2010.

Francisca Rojas’s research interests lie at the intersection of urban development and technology. Her work has been recognized by the MIT SENSEable City Lab and the MIT Department of Urban Studies and Planning, where her dissertation, “The New York Talk Exchange,” investigated how telecommunications mediate international migration. At the Ash Center, Rojas contributed to the Transparency Policy Project with research on open data adoption in transit systems and the transparency provisions in the 2008 Recovery Act. Rojas currently leads projects on metropolitan governance, urban upgrading, and smart cities for the InterAmerican Development Bank in Argentina. Her recent publications include “Recovery Act Transparency: Learning from States' Experiences” with the IBM Center for the Business of Government, 2012, and “An Analysis of Commuter Rail Real-Time Information in Boston” in Journal of Public Transportation, 2015.

The fellowship was of decisive influence in my work towards Nation of Devils, notably because of the intellectual generosity of the Center and the wider Harvard community.

This fellowship was such a special experience for me because it achieved that rare balance of fostering a generous community of scholars who delighted in exploring the hard questions of democracy while offering a welcoming space for forward-thinking research that could provide some answers to those questions.

2011–2012

Nicole Doerr Visiting Fellow, 2012–2014

John Gaventa Visiting Senior Scholar, 2011

Associate Professor of Sociology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark

Professor and Director of Research University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies Brighton, United Kingdom

Nicole Doerr’s research interests include deliberative politics, multilingual social movements, migration, gender, race/ethnicity, and class. Her book project, Political Translation: Addressing Inequality and Marginalization within Deliberative Politics, explores how global justice activists, local community organizers, unionists, LGBTQ organizers, and immigrant rights groups in the United States work together across boundaries of race, class, gender, and linguistic differences. Doerr’s work has been recognized by EU Marie Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, German Research Foundation, London School of Economics, and the International Post-Doc Initiative of Technische Universität Berlin. Doerr’s recent publications include “Empathetic Listeners’ Ambiguous Power and Opposition in Transnational Arenas of Discourse and Politics” in Globalizations, 2011, and “Translating Democracy: How Activists in the European Social Forum Practice Multilingual Deliberation” in European Political Science Review, 2012.

John Gaventa is known for his articulation of a “three-dimensional” approach to the study of power, which examines the capacity to influence expectations about social outcomes as a measure of power. A former Rhodes Scholar and MacArthur Prize Fellow, Gaventa was awarded an Order of the British Empire in 2012 for his service to Oxfam Great Britain. While at the Ash Center, Gaventa wrote multiple papers and articles on citizen engagement and participatory governance, and published “Mapping the Outcomes of Citizen Engagement” in World Development, 2012. His recent books include Globalizing Citizens, 2010, and Citizen-Led Innovation for a New Economy, 2015.

Inspiration, inspiration, inspiration! It was a great time and inspiring to work together with the group of researchers, fellows, and people at Ash Center.

The fellowship came at an important time for me, where I was finishing a number of projects, and needed some space to write, as well as to interact with others who shared similar interests. I got both . . . My only regret was that I could not spend more time.

Brigitte Geißel Visiting Senior Scholar, 2011–2012

Viviane Petinelli e Silva Visiting Fellow, 2012

Professor for Political Sciences and Director of ‘Democratic Innovations’ Research Unit Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany

Coordinator of Political and Social Programs Institute of Government Policies Brazil Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Brigitte Geißel focuses her research on participation, democratic innovation, and political actors. In 2008, Geißel was awarded the Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship, and she has been a visiting professor at Vietnamese German University and Berlin Social Science Research Center. At the Ash Center, Geißel completed an edited volume on democratic innovations in Europe to better understand the potential and the risks of democratic innovations to counter democratic malaise. Geißel’s current research projects, funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG), focus on deliberative procedures as well as on (new) claims of representation.

Her recent publications include “Dialogue-oriented Participation Process: Effective or Senseless Innovations? The Example of Participatory Budgeting” in Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen, 2015, and “Putting the Demos Back into the Concept of Democratic Quality,” with Quinton Mayne, in International Political Science Review, 2016.

My stay at the Ash Center reminded me what academia is all about—a space dedicated to wisdom, and a community driven by a common desire to find solutions to public problems and to make the world a better place.

Viviane Petinelli e Silva’s research interests include participation, policy, and deliberative democracy. As a Democracy Fellow, Petinelli worked on her dissertation, which examined the impact of participatory and deliberative institutions on policy outcomes, agenda-setting, and decision-making processes. Completed in 2014, Petinelli’s research was honored by the Faculty of Philosophy and Human Sciences at the Federal University of Minas Gerais.

Her recent publications include Analysis of the Factors that Influence the Capacity of Public Policy Conferences on the Respective Sectorial Policy Programs: The Case of 1st CAP, 1st Concidades, 1st, 1nd EC CMA, 1st CPM and 1st CPIR, 2014, and “Assessing the Influence of Public Policy Conferences on Policy Programs” in Public Opinion, 2015.

Sharing knowledge with other fellows and scholars about a variety of issues in the weekly seminars enabled me to grow intellectually and have a more critical and better-informed opinion about the topics under discussion.

Hollie Russon Gilman Visiting Fellow, 2011–2013, Non-Resident Fellow, 2013–2015

Henrik Schober Visiting Fellow, 2011

Postdoctoral Research Scholar, Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs Postdoctoral Civic Innovation Fellow, New America Foundation New York, New York

Acting Head of Customized Education and Executive Programme Development Hertie School of Governance Berlin, Germany

When Hollie Russon Gilman completed her PhD at Harvard University in 2013, her dissertation was the first academic study of participatory budgeting in the United States. Russon Gilman’s broader research interests include democratic innovations, technology, governance, citizen engagement, public policy, administration, and institutional design. After Harvard, Russon Gilman served in the Obama Administration as the Open Government and Innovation Advisor at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. Her work has been recognized by the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics, the Fulbright Program, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Russon Gilman’s recent publications include a chapter titled “Technology for Democracy in Development: Lessons from Seven Case Studies” in Deliberation and Development: Rethinking the Role of Voice and Collective Acton in Unequal Societies, 2015, and the book Democracy Reinvented: Participatory Budgeting and Civic Innovation in America, 2016.

Henrik Schober’s research interests include participation, deliberative democracy, and campaigns and elections. As a Visiting Fellow, Schober studied the foundations of societal consultation and the social preconditions and institutional necessities for successfully applying modes of societal consultation. Schober has been recognized by the European Consortium for Political Research and the League for European Research Universities, and a civil society organization he co-founded, Third Generation East, has been awarded multiple times. Schober’s recent publications include edited volume The Governance of Large-Scale Projects—Linking Citizens and the State, 2013, as well as papers on the pluralism of policy advice, social media usage of politicians, and smart parties.

The fellowship enabled me to understand not only the biggest challenges facing democratic governance, but also the work and personal stories of researchers and practitioners working to bring new ideas into this space.

Being a Democracy Fellow, discussing about important questions and experiencing that academic work and social commitment can speak to each other and improve each other surely had a great impact on my work.

Jennifer Shkabatur Visiting Fellow, 2011–2012

Paolo Spada Postdoctoral Fellow, 2011–2013

Assistant Professor of Government, IDC Herzliya ICT & Social Development Consultant, World Bank Herzliya, Israel

Postdoctoral Fellow University of Southampton Southampton, United Kingdom

Jennifer Shkabatur’s research interests include the potential of the Internet, digital transparency policies, and online citizen participation. In addition to her faculty appointment at IDC Herzliya, Shkabatur consults for the World Bank on issues of open data, big data, e-government, and ICT for development. Her work has been recognized by the Fulbright Program, Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics, Berkman Center for Internet & Society, and the Israel Science Foundation. Shkabatur’s recent publications include “Six Models for Internet & Politics” in International Studies Review, 2013, “OGD Heartbeat of Cities: Cities’ Commitment to Open Data” in Journal of eDemocracy, 2015, and “Viral Engagement: Broad, Thin, and Powerful, but Good for Democracy?” in Transforming Citizens: Youth, New Media, and Political Participation, forthcoming.

Paolo Spada has studied participatory budgeting and other democratic innovations in Brazil, Italy, United States, Cameroon, Iceland, Canada, and most recently in the United Kingdom, where he is managing the implementation of two citizens assemblies as a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Southampton. Spada’s research interests include community-driven development, methods, public policy, comparative politics, political economy, urban politics, and Latin American politics. His work has been recognized by the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada and the São Paulo Research Foundation. Spada’s recent publications include “Who Moderates the Moderators? The Effect of Non-neutral Moderators in Deliberative Decision Making” in Journal of Public Deliberation, 2013, and a chapter titled “The Role of Redundancy and Diversification in Multi-Channel Democratic Innovations” in In/Equalities, Democracy and the Politics of Transition, 2014.

The center is a fantastic nexus for networking, I now basically know almost everybody in the field of Democratic Innovations thanks to the relationship and the projects I initiated at Ash.

2012–2013

Lindsay Mayka Postdoctoral Fellow, 2012–2013

Alfred Moore Visiting Fellow, 2012

Assistant Professor of Government Colby College Waterville, Maine

Postdoctoral Research Fellow University of Cambridge Centre for Research in the Arts, Social Sciences, and Humanities Cambridge, United Kingdom

Lindsay Mayka’s research interests include popular participation, interest representation in the policymaking process, and the quality of democratic institutions. Mayka’s work has been recognized by the Latin American Studies Association/Oxfam Martin Diskin Dissertation Award, Social Science Research Council, Fulbright Program, and Javits Foundation. Mayka is completing a book manuscript, entitled Building Participatory Institutions in Latin America, which examines the divergent trajectories of nationally mandated participatory institutions in Brazil and Colombia, which is based on two years of field research. Her recent working papers include "The Reform Origins of Empowered Participatory Institutions," "The Partisan Roots of Colombia's Weak Participatory Institutions," and "The Resilience of Liberal Democracy in Colombia."

I found that the fellowship pushed me to think about the policy implications for my research, and served as a reminder that I should not shy away from my interest in making Latin America a more equitable and democratic place.

Alfred Moore studies democratic theory, democratic institutional innovations, and the politics of science and technology. His work has been recognized by the Marie Curie Fellowship, Irish Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences, and the Economic and Social Research Council. He is currently working on a Leverhulme-funded project “Conspiracy and Democracy” on the relationship between transparency and suspicion of democracy. Moore’s recent publications include “Following from the Front: Theorizing Deliberative Facilitation” in Critical Policy Studies, 2012, “Deference in Numbers: Consensus, Dissent and Judgement in Mill's Account of Authority” in Political Studies, 2014, and book Critical Elitism: Expertise, Deliberation and Democracy, forthcoming.

One of most useful aspects of the fellowship program was the opportunity to discuss work in progress with a diverse group of smart people. I remember having a practice presentation for a job talk and getting a range of thoughtful, provocative and critical questions.

Alenka Poplin Visiting Fellow, 2013

Laura Roth Visiting Fellow, 2012–2013

Assistant Professor of Geoinformation Science and GeoDesign Iowa State University Ames, Iowa

Visiting Professor Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain

Alenka Poplin’s research interests include geospatial technologies, interactive maps, public e-participation, and serious digital games for civic engagement. At the Ash Center, Poplin worked at the intersection of online public participation and Geographic Information Systems, developing online platforms to identify community desires and convey municipal plans. Poplin’s recent publications include “Digital Serious Game for Urban Planning: B3—Design Your Marketplace!” in Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 2014; “How User-Friendly are Online Interactive Maps? Survey Based on Experiments with Heterogeneous Users” in Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 2015; and an edited volume The Virtual and The Real: Perspectives, Practices and Applications for The Built Environment, forthcoming.

Originally from Argentina, Laura Roth received her PhD in Law from the Universitat Pompeu Fabra where she is now a Visiting Professor in the Department of Law. Roth’s research interests lie at the intersection of democratic participation and law, ranging from the philosophical foundations of criminal law to political legitimacy and culture. Her work has been recognized by the University of Stirling, the Cluster of Excellence at Goethe Universität Frankfurt, and the Spanish Ministry of Education. Most recently, Roth is studying the relationship between democratic legitimacy and the justification of criminal punishment, and working on a project about the 15M movement in Spain and the political culture of new democratic movements.

The discussions in our research seminar were not only inspiring, but intellectually very stimulating. It was a lifetime experience I will never forget.

The months I spent at the Ash Center were a great experience.

Working in such a stimulating environment gave me the opportunity to focus on my work and to improve it.

Emma Saunders-Hastings Doctoral Fellow, 2012–2013

Shauna L. Shames Doctoral Fellow, 2012–2013

Harper Fellow and Collegiate Assistant Professor University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois

Assistant Professor, Political Science Rutgers University-Camden Camden, New Jersey

Emma Saunders-Hastings’ research interests include modern and contemporary political theory, democratic theory, distributive justice, and feminist theories. Her dissertation "Private Virtues, Public Vices: Governing Philanthropy," linking philanthropy to normative concerns about paternalism and unequal influence and asking what kinds of public regulation of philanthropy are appropriate, won the Senator Charles Sumner Dissertation Prize from the Harvard University Department of Government. SaundersHastings’ work has also been recognized by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics, and Stanford University Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society. Saunders-Hastings’ recent publications include “No Better to Give than to Receive: Charity and Women's Subjection in J.S. Mill” in Polity, 2014, and a response in the “The Logic of Effective Altruism” Forum in Boston Review, 2015.

Shauna Shames’ research interests include American political behavior, with a focus on race, gender, and politics. During her fellowship, Shames worked on her dissertation “The Roots of Political Ambition: Race, Gender, and the Expectations of Eligible Candidates,” investigating the perceptions of and expectations about politics held by elite law and policy school students. A member of the Scholars Strategy Network, Shames’ work has been recognized by the Center for American Political Studies, the Institute for Quantitative Social Science, and Taubman Center for State and Local Government at Harvard Kennedy School. Shames’ recent publications include a chapter titled “What, if Anything, Is to be Done?” in The Un-Heavenly Chorus: Unequal Political Voice in America, 2012, "Making the Political Personal" in Politics & Gender, 2014, and a book from NYU Press, forthcoming.

The fellowship enabled me to understand not only the biggest challenges facing democratic governance, but also the work and personal stories of researchers and practitioners working to bring new ideas into this space.

Ash gave me some breathing space to think, to work, and to learn from the amazing other fellows. It also gave me personal encouragement that political science/democracy studies was worth the effort I was putting in!

2013–2014

Kivanç Ulusoy Visiting Fellow, 2012–2013

Jason Anastasopoulos Postdoctoral Fellow, 2013–2015

Professor of Political Science Istanbul University Faculty of Political Science Department of Public Administration Istanbul, Turkey

Assistant Professor University of Georgia Department of Public Administration and Policy and Department of Political Science Athens, Georgia

Kivanç Ulusoy’s research interests include regime change and democratization, Turkish politics, and Turkey-EU relations. Ulusoy’s work has been recognized by the Fulbright Program, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute in Florence, and Madrid Diplomatic School. He has affiliated with Middle East Technical University, Bogazici University, Sabanci University, Granada University, Stockholm University, and Tsukuba University. Ulusoy’s recent publications include “The Europeanization of the Religious Cleavage in Turkey: The case of the Alevis” in Mediterranean Politics, 2013, a chapter titled “Manipulative Deliberation in Turkey: Alevi’s Defective Political Engagement and Remedying Strategies” in Democratic Deliberation in Deeply Divided Societies: from Conflict to Common Ground, co-edited by Didier Caluwaerts, 2014, and a chapter "Elections and Regime Change in Turkey: Tenacious Rise of Political Islam", in Elections and Democratization in the Middle East: The Tenacious Search for Freedom, Justice and Dignity, 2014.

Jason Anastasopoulos’ research interests include race and gender discrimination and inequality, political polarization, unequal political participation and representation, and governmental accountability and transparency. Anastasopoulos’ work has been recognized by the National Science Foundation and University of California, Berkeley School of Law. As a Democracy Fellow, he collaborated on a number of research projects and organized a series of workshops on immigration, race, and ethnicity. His recent publications include “Detecting and Punishing Unconscious Bias” in Journal of Legal Studies, 2013, and working papers “Diversity, Migration and Geographic Polarization” and “(When) Race Matters: The Effect of Immigrant Race and Place on Support for Anti-Immigration Laws Abstract.”

Ash Center is a center of excellence, knowledge and friendship.

Jonathan Bruno Doctoral Fellow, 2013–2014

Didier Caluwaerts Visiting Fellow, 2013–2014

PhD Candidate Harvard University Department of Government Cambridge, Massachusetts

Assistant Professor of Public Policy Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium

Jonathan Bruno is a political theorist and legal scholar whose research interests span democratic theory, constitutionalism, political ethics, and the history of ideas. His doctoral research examines the arguments for and against transparency in democratic politics. A former fellow of Harvard's Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics, and an affiliate of the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, Bruno is also an award-winning teacher. Most recently, he was awarded Harvard's ABLConnect Teaching Innovator Prize. Bruno’s recent publications include “The Weakness of the Case for Cameras in the United States Supreme Court” in Creighton Law Review, 2015.

Didier Caluwaerts’ research interests include democratic innovation and social innovation, with an emphasis on deliberative and participatory democracy. His work has been recognized by the European Consortium for Political Research, the Dutch and Flemish Political Science Associations, Fulbright Program, Belgian American Educational Foundation, and KU Leuven Public Governance Institute. At the Ash Center, Caluwaerts studied the causes of deliberative stress in political systems, and collaborated on a number of research projects. Caluwaerts’ recent publications include “Building Bridges across Political Divides: Experiments on Deliberative Democracy In Deeply Divided Belgium” in European Political Science Review, 2014, edited volume Democratic Deliberation in Deeply Divided Societies: From Conflict to Common Ground, 2014, and “Is It Gender, Ideology or Resources? Individual-Level Determinants of Preferential Voting for Male or Female Candidates” in Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 2015.

During my year as a fellow, I forged strong connections with fellow political theorists in the program, and learned so much from my empirically-minded colleagues.

The format of the weekly seminars was genuinely brilliant, the discussions were very intense and profound, the interactions were always constructive, and the energy in the room was extremely stimulating.

Martin Gilens Visiting Senior Scholar, 2013

Oded Grajew Visiting Fellow, 2013

Professor of Political Science Princeton University Princeton, New Jersey

Founder and General Coordinator Our São Paulo Network São Paulo, Brazil

Martin Gilens has written extensively on the role of money in American politics and its impact on representational inequality. His research interests include inequality, democratic governance, mass media, and race, gender, and welfare politics. Gilens received the 2013 Woodrow Wilson Award from the American Political Science Association for Affluence & Influence: Economic Inequality and Political Power in America, in which Gilens explores how political inequality in the United States has evolved over time and how this disparity has been shaped by interest groups, political parties, and elections. Gilens’ recent publications include “Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens” in Perspectives on Politics, 2014, and “Descriptive Representation, Money, and Political Inequality in the United States” in Swiss Political Science Review, 2015.

Oded Grajew is a businessman and social entrepreneur who works to bring together both business and civil society organizations to strengthen Brazil’s democracy and to address serious social problems in Brazil’s large cities. Grajew founded the World Social Forum and various social movements and institutions, most recently the Our São Paulo Network’s Sustainable Cities Program. He was awarded the Cidadão Paulistano (citizen of São Paulo) title, the GPSA Award for Leadership in Social Accountability, and received the UNICEF Child and Peace award in 1998 for recognition of child advocacy in action in Brazil. At the Ash Center, Grajew engaged experts within and outside the Harvard community to explore new ideas to strengthen democracy, such as using technology to engage with citizens and to make the government more transparent.

The time I had as a Democracy Fellow helped me to enhance and enrich my work with our Sustainable Cities Programme, sensitizing municipal managers to turn our Brazilian cities into more accountable, transparent and democratic ones.

Primoz Lavre

Tara Grillos Visiting Fellow, 2013–2015

Klemen Jaklic Visiting Fellow, 2013–2015

Postdoctoral Researcher University of Colorado Boulder Institute of Behavioral Science Boulder, Colorado

Visiting Scholar, Harvard University Center for European Studies Head Teaching Fellow, Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts

Tara Grillos’ research interests include common pool resource management, public goods provision, empowerment, and collective action in the context of international development. During her Democracy Fellowship, Grillos worked on her dissertation “Participation, Power and Preferences in International Development,” exploring how different forms of participation influence various development outcomes differently under a range of circumstances. Grillos has received research grants from the US Department of Education, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard Law School, and the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, amongst others. Her recent publications include “Youth Lead the Change: The City of Boston's Youth-Focused Participatory Budgeting Process-Pilot Year Evaluation,” 2014, and “Enhancing Governance to Support Drought Resilience in Marsabit County: Recommendations for the BOMA Governance Program,” 2014.

The Democracy Fellows group was not only intellectually stimulating, but also remarkably supportive. They provided some of the most helpful and constructive feedback I received at any point during my doctoral studies.

Klemen Jaklic’s research interests include constitutional law, human rights law, European integration, EU law, theories of justice, ethics, and democracy. Currently at the Harvard University Center for European Studies, he is working on his next monograph on European constitutionalism and the future development of the idea of democracy in the context of a just global order. Jaklic is the recipient of the Harvard Mancini Prize for "best work in the field of European law and legal thought" and has been teaching at Harvard in various roles since 2008. He was an appointed member (for Slovenia) of the European Commission for Democracy through Law. As one of four nominees of the President of Slovenia, he was recently in the running for selection as Slovenia's next Judge at the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. Jaklic’s recent publications include Constitutional Pluralism in the EU, published by Oxford University Press, 2014.

A truly fantastic mix of casual exchanges and serious scholarly examinations. The best forum out there for debating democracy.

Catherine Lena Kelly Non-Resident Fellow, 2013–2014

Hallie Ludsin Visiting Fellow, 2013–2014

American Council of Learned Societies Public Fellow American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative New York, New York

Adjunct Professor Emory University School of Law Atlanta, Georgia

As a Democracy Fellow, Catherine Lena Kelly worked on her dissertation “Why (So many) Parties? The Logic of Party Formation in Senegal,” investigating why hundreds of Senegalese politicians are creating their own parties and how the logic of party formation affects opposition party trajectories and presidential turnover.

Kelly’s work has been recognized by the Fulbright program, West Africa Research Association, Harvard University Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, and the American Political Science Association. Her recent publications include "Senegal: What Will Turnover Bring?" in the Journal of Democracy, reporting on West Africa for Freedom House's Freedom in the World 2016, and the working paper "Sufi Islamic Orders and the Politics of Democratization in Senegal."

Hallie Ludsin specializes in international humanitarian law and international human rights Law. As a human rights lawyer, she served as Research Director at the South Asia Human Rights Documentation Centre in India, and as a legal consultant to the Women’s Centre for Legal Aid and Counselling in the West Bank, amongst other international postings. Ludsin’s work has been recognized by the Global Justice Think Tank, Georgetown University Law Center, and Case Western Law School. Ludsin's recent publications include “Relational Rights Masquerading as Individual Rights” in Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, and her book Preventive Detention and the Democratic State, published in 2016 by Cambridge University Press.

The fellowship fostered creative, intellectual thinking and added depth to my understanding of democracy beyond my academic focus on human rights and democracy.

Michael MacKenzie Visiting Fellow, 2013–2015

Maggie McKinley Non-Resident Fellow, 2013–2014

Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Climenko Fellow and Lecturer on Law Harvard Law School Cambridge, Massachusetts

Michael MacKenzie’s research interests include democratic theory, intergenerational relations, deliberation, political representation, institutional design, and public engagement. Much of his current work focuses on the political theory of intergenerational relations and the challenges of making long-term decisions in democratic systems. MacKenzie has received fellowships from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council and the University of British Columbia. As a Democracy Fellow, MacKenzie worked closely with Archon Fung on Participedia, an online platform for cataloging participatory political processes. He has published articles in the Canadian Journal of Political Science and the Journal of Public Deliberation, and chapters in edited volumes with Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press.

MacKenzie’s forthcoming publications include two chapters in an edited volume entitled Political Institutions for Future Generations: "Institutional Design and Sources of Short-Termism” and “A General-Purpose Randomly Selected Second Chamber.”

Maggie McKinley (Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Ojibwe) researches and writes on legislation, theories of interpretation, minority rights and representation, the architecture of lawmaking institutions, and federal Indian law. As a Democracy Fellow, McKinley advised the OpenGov Foundation as a member of their advisory board on the design and development of their Project Madison platform. As a Climenko Fellow, McKinley founded and designed #Hack4Congress, a series of collaborative events on democracy and technology. Her work has been recognized by the Steven M. Block Civil Liberties Award, the American Political Science Association, and the Warren E. Miller Fellowship in Electoral Politics.

McKinley’s recent publications include “Lobbying and the Petition Clause” in Stanford Law Review, 2016, and “Brief for Amici Curiae Historians and Legal Scholars, Dollar General Corporation v. Mississippi Band of Choctaw, United States Supreme Court No. 13-1496.”

Scholars at the Ash Center, and at the Harvard Kennedy School more generally, strive to make both academic and practical contributions to our political world. This creates an enriched intellectual environment that is also well grounded . . . I cannot think of a better place to have spent two years as a visiting fellow. My time at the Ash Center was enriching: intellectually, politically, and personally.

Jennifer Pan Doctoral Fellow, 2013–2014

Tomer Perry Visiting Fellow, 2013–2014, Non-Resident Fellow 2014–2016

Assistant Professor of Communication Stanford University Stanford, California

Research Associate, Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts

Jennifer Pan’s research examines the strategies authoritarian regimes employ to perpetuate their rule, including censorship, redistribution, and responsiveness, using large-scale data from traditional and digital media as well as experiments on media platforms. Pan’s work has been recognized by the Midwest Political Science Association, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, and National Science Foundation. As a Democracy Fellow, Pan pursued her doctoral research, which explored how the Chinese government censors information available to citizens and gathers information about citizens. Recent publications include “How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression” in American Political Science Review, 2013, and “Conditional Receptivity to Citizen Participation: Evidence from a Survey Experiment in China” in Comparative Political Science, 2014.

Tomer Perry is a political theorist whose research interests include global justice, democratic theory, just war theory, and international relations. Perry’s dissertation, “Democratic Justice in Global Politics,” revises democratic theory to address questions of global justice. His work has been recognized by the Stanford Humanities Center, McCoy Center for Ethics in the Society, and Stanford University Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society. Perry’s recent publications include “Thucydides as a Prospect Theorist” in Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek Political Thought, 2014, and working papers “Autonomy, Culture and Nationality: The Failure of Liberal Nationalism” and “The All-Affected Principle: A Pluralistic Interpretation.”

The Democracy Fellowship was the source of some of the most engaging and thought provoking debates about the real-world relevance of research during my time at Harvard.

The Democracy Fellowship was a really terrific experience for me.

The discussions have enriched my perspective on democratic theory and had an impact on my research.

Yves Sintomer Visiting Senior Scholar, 2014

Graham Smith Visiting Senior Scholar, 2013

Professor of Political Science, Paris VIII University Senior Fellow, French University Institute Paris, France

Professor of Politics University of Westminster Centre for the Study of Democracy London, United Kingdom

Yves Sintomer studies deliberative democracy, participatory democracy, and political representation in Europe and in a global perspective. Sintomer advises a number of academic journals including International Political Science Review and International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, and his work has been recognized by the European University Institute and the French University Institute. As a Visiting Senior Scholar at the Ash Center, Sintomer completed a collaborative edited volume, Participatory Democracy in Southern Europe: Causes, Characteristics and Consequences. Other recent publications include “Florence (1200– 1530): The Reinvention of Politics” in French Political Science Review, 2014, Deliberation: Values, Processes, Institutions, 2015, and Participatory Budgeting in Europe: Democracy and Public Governance, 2016.

Graham Smith studies and writes extensively on participation, innovation, democratic theory, and environmental politics. He has held a visiting fellowship at the European University Institute in Florence and received funding from bodies such as the Economic and Social Research Council in the UK and the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada. As a Visiting Scholar at the Ash Center, Smith helped lead Participedia and initiated a number of writing projects. Smith’s recent publications include “Deliberation, Democracy and the Systemic Turn” in Journal of Political Philosophy, 2015, a chapter titled “Defining Mini-Publics” in Deliberative Mini-Publics: Involving Citizens in the Democratic Process, 2014, and “The Potential of Participedia as a Crowdsourcing Tool for Comparative Analysis of Democratic Innovations” in Policy and Internet, 2015.

Ash Center seminars and contacts with Chinese doctoral students and scholars, and the public events organized by Archon Fung with political and civil society actors . . . helped me to better understand American politics and global democracy in the 21st century.

It may seem odd, but democratic theory and participatory governance is a relatively minor current within political theory and science, and so it is a rare and wonderful thing to have so many bright minds considering developments in this field.

2014–2015

Emily Ruhamah Clough Doctoral Fellow, 2014–2015

Rikki Dean Visiting Fellow, 2014

PhD Candidate Harvard University Department of Government Cambridge, Massachusetts

PhD Candidate in Social Policy London School of Economics London, United Kingdom

Emily Clough’s research interests include comparative politics, political economy of development, state capacity and government performance, and the relationship between civil society/third-sector actors and democratic accountability. Clough’s dissertation examines the effect of NGOs on the state’s capacity for provision of basic health care and education in India using data collected through interviews, village case studies, and large-n surveys during a year of fieldwork. Clough’s work has been recognized by the Smith-Richardson Foundation, International Society for Third-Sector Research, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, and Derek Bok Center for Teaching and Learning at Harvard University. Recent publications include a chapter titled “The Politics of Food Labeling and Certification” in Oxford Handbook of Food, Politics, and Society, 2015, and “Reclaiming the Third Sector from Civil Society” in Sociology of Development, 2015.

Rikki Dean studies approaches to public participation in social policy decision-making. His dissertation examines the competing definitions of participatory governance, along with individuals' participation preferences, situating these within alternative conceptions of democracy and public administration. Dean’s research interests include welfare, poverty, inequality, democratic theory, public administration theory, and procedural preferences. He has been recognized for outstanding work in social policy by the Richard Titmus Prize at the London School of Economics. Dean’s recent publications include “Beyond Radicalism and Resignation: The Competing Logics of Public Participation in Policy Decisions” in Policy & Politics, 2016, as well as working papers on adolescent social exclusion and accountability in local governance.

The Democracy Fellowship program was a uniquely collegial, productive, intellectual space where I exchanged ideas and developed my work in a community of diverse scholars.

I left the fellowship buzzing with new ideas. The many seminars and workshops, particularly the weekly seminars, as well as informal conversations with the other fellows over coffee or drinks, helped me to improve both my thesis and my ideas for future post-doctoral research.

John Dryzek Visiting Senior Scholar, 2014

Claire Dunning Doctoral Fellow, 2014–2015

Centenary Professor and ARC Laureate Fellow University of Canberra Center for Deliberative Democracy and Global Governance Canberra, Australia

PhD Candidate Harvard University Department of History Cambridge, Massachusetts

John Dryzek is recognized for his work in both democratic theory and practice, as well as environmental politics. Dryzek was ranked among the top 20 “scholars doing excellent work today whose work will be influential during the next 20 years” according to a national survey published in Political Science & Politics. As a Democracy Fellow, Dryzek primarily worked on two research projects on “Deliberating the Anthropocene” and “Deliberative Global Justice.” Dryzek’s forthcoming publications include “Deliberative Engagement: the Forum in the System” in Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, “Institutions for the Anthropocene: Governance in a Changing Earth System” in British Journal of Political Science, and “Can there be a Human Right to an Essentially Contested Concept? The Case of Democracy” in Journal of Politics.

One of the highlights was certainly the Democracy Fellows seminar, what a remarkable group of people.

Claire Dunning is a social and political historian of the United States interested in urban inequality, social policy, and democracy in the twentieth century. Her dissertation examines the history of the American welfare state and the rise of nonprofit organizations in urban governance, taking Boston as a case study. Dunning shows how the proliferation of nonprofits and public-private partnerships between government and nonprofits shaped the economic, political, spatial, and social development of cities. She addresses questions about democratic accountability, inequality, and capitalism. Dunning’s work has been recognized by The Tobin Project, Foundation for the National Archives, Rockefeller Archive Center, Taubman Center for State and Local Government at Harvard Kennedy School, and History Department at Harvard University.

With the common themes of democracy and participation, we all came to the table (literally and figuratively) with something in common despite different approaches or methodologies.

Yanilda María González Postdoctoral Fellow, 2014–2016 (current)

Sahar Tohamy Hassanin Carnegie Fellow, 2014–2015

Cambridge, Massachusetts

Director of Programs, Egyptian Network for Integrated Development Cairo, Egypt

Yanilda González’s research interests include comparative politics, Latin American politics, state capacity, and citizenship. González completed her PhD at Princeton University, where her dissertation focused on police reform, state capacity, citizenship, and crime in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia. She is currently working on a book manuscript titled Authoritarian Coercion by Democratic Means: The Paradox of Police Reform in Latin America, which examines why democratic states frequently exercise authoritarian patterns of coercion. González’s work has been recognized by the Social Science Research Council, Open Society Foundation, Fulbright Program, and the Mamdouha S. Bobst Center for Peace and Justice at Princeton University. Recent publications include "Varieties of Participatory Security: Assessing Community Participation in Policing in Latin America" in Public Administration and Development, forthcoming, and working papers “Reform as a Safety Valve: The Rise of Community Participation in Policing in Latin America” and “Democracy In An Era Of Insecurity: Crime, Fear, And Constrained Citizenship In Latin America.”

I knew the Ash Center would be my kind of place when our first discussion at the Democracy Fellows seminar focused on big ideas and emancipatory social science.

It's been very gratifying for me to work in an environment where people are committed not only to rigorous scholarship but also to tackling pressing social and political challenges.

Sahar Hassanin is a founding member and Director of Programs of the Egyptian Network for Integrated Development (ENID), where she is working to implement a hands-on integrated economic development approach in Upper Egypt’s southern governorates.

Her current research interests are concentrated in the areas of the economics of regulation, institutional economics, and law and economics. Prior to her affiliation with ENID, Dr. Hassanin was Economic Advisor to Egypt’s Minister of Housing, Utilities, and Urban Development and Technical Policy Coordinator for the Ministerial Group for Social Development. Hassanin’s recent publications include a chapter titled “Judicial Review and Weak Regulatory Independence in Public-Private Business Relations in Egypt: Evidence from Administrative Court Rulings in Government Tenders and Bids Law Cases,” in The Political Economy of Private Sector Dynamism in the MENA Region, forthcoming.

Participating in the Ash Center Democracy Fellowship was a valuable opportunity to be part of. Rich discussions of the work of scholars from different backgrounds, disciplines, and overall professional experiences left me with the conviction that no matter what problems a community faces, the only way forward is when all individuals feel included or represented in devising a solution—be that in a local, national, or international setting.

Maija Karjalainen Visiting Fellow, 2014–2015

Selena Ortiz Non-Resident Fellow, 2014–2015

PhD Candidate, Department of Political Science University of Turku Turku, Finland

Assistant Professor, Gregory H. Wolf Professor of Health Policy and Administration Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania

Maija Karjalainen’s research interests include participatory innovations, direct and deliberative democracy, and perceived legitimacy. As a Democracy Fellow, Karjalainen worked on her dissertation “Can Participatory Innovations Foster Perceived Legitimacy? Possibilities for Participation, Procedural Fairness and Outcome Satisfaction in Finnish Municipalities.” Karjalainen’s work has been recognized by the Council of Europe, Fulbright Program, and Turku Urban Research Programme. Her recent publications include “Does Crowdsourcing Legislation Increase Political Legitimacy? The Case of Avoin Ministerio in Finland,” in Policy & Internet, 2015, and “Democratic Innovations to the Rescue? Political Trust and Attitudes toward Democratic Innovations in Southwest Finland” in International Journal of Public Administration, 2015.

As a fellow, one has doubts about one’s capacities, strength of ideas, and what is feasible within a new organizational culture of a well-known university.

The encouragement from the fellowship staff and a successful event was a very empowering experience.

Selena Ortiz employs a mixed methodology to examine how cognitive frames and the underlying values embedded in frames influence health and social policy agenda-setting and individual health care decision-making. Her work has been recognized by the FrameWorks Institute, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Ortiz’s recent publications include “Weighing In: The Taste-Engineering Frame in Obesity Expert Discourse” in American Journal of Public Health, 2015, and “The Quality of Diabetes Management among Mexican Adults in California: Does Generational Status Matter?” in Medical Care, 2015.

This supportive and creative environment was due in part to Archon’s thoughtful facilitation of discussion, which, for me, often leads to new perspectives, particularly around health policy. Participating in the seminars was always a highlight of my week!

Jonathan Rinne Visiting Fellow, 2014–2015 PhD Candidate, Research and Teaching Fellow ‘Democratic Innovations’ Research Unit Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany

Jonathan Rinne’s dissertation explores how citizens’ preferences can be translated into policies in today’s democracies. Rinne is theoretically developing and experimentally analyzing a new approach for institutionalized citizen participation that addresses the limits and challenges of both traditional electoral politics and of newer participatory institutions. His broader research interests include participatory democracy, citizen participation in representative systems, and voting procedures. At Goethe University, Rinne works for former Democracy Fellow Professor Brigitte Geißel. He was also a Visiting Fellow at Åbo Akademi in Finland. Rinne’s recent publications include “Multivariate Themed Elections: Reflections on a New Instrument of Direct Democracy,” 2012, and “Participatory Processes and Their Impact on Political Systems" in Participation in Transition, 2014.

I am very grateful to have been part of the community at the Ash Center. For me, it is a place of inspiration, wisdom, and sincerity second to none.

about the ash center

Tarek Masoud, Sultan of Oman Associate Professor of International Relations

The Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation strives to make the world a better place by advancing excellence and innovation in governance and public policy through research, education, and public discussion. By training the very best leaders, developing powerful new ideas, and disseminating innovative solutions and institutional reforms, the Center’s goal is to meet the profound challenges facing the world’s citizens.

Quinton Mayne, Assistant Professor of Public Policy Mark Moore, Hauser Professor of Nonprofit Organizations Pippa Norris, Paul. F. McGuire Lecturer in Comparative Politics Dwight Perkins, Harold Hitchings Burbank Professor of Political Economy Richard N. Rosecrance, Adjunct Professor of Public Policy

director Anthony Saich, Daewoo Professor of International Relations executive directors Marty Mauzy, Arnold Howitt

Jay K. Rosengard, Adjunct Lecturer in Public Policy, Academic Director of the Rajawali Foundation Institute for Asia Muriel Rouyer, Adjunct Professor of Public Policy, Professor of Political Science, University of Nantes Maya Sen, Assistant Professor of Public Policy

affiliated faculty Alan Altshuler, Ruth and Frank Stanton Professor in Urban Policy and Planning

Ryan Sheely, Associate Professor of Public Policy Moshik Temkin, Associate Professor of Public Policy Arne Westad, S.T. Lee Professor of U.S.-Asia Relations

Matthew Baum, Marvin Kalb Professor of Global Communications, Professor of Public Policy

Christopher Winship, Diker-Tishman Professor of Sociology

Robert Behn, Senior Lecturer in Public Policy

Kenneth Winston, Lecturer in Ethics, Emeritus

Dara Kay Cohen, Assistant Professor of Public Policy

Leah Wright Rigueur, Assistant Professor of Public Policy

Edward A. Cunningham, Director of Ash Center's China Programs, Adjunct Lecturer in Public Policy

acknowledgements

David Dapice, Economist, Vietnam Program Jorrit de Jong, Lecturer in Public Policy, Academic Director of the Innovations in Government Program John D. Donahue, Raymond Vernon Senior Lecturer in Public Policy Archon Fung, Academic Dean, Ford Foundation Professor of Democracy and Citizenship Marshall Ganz, Senior Lecturer in Public Policy Candelaria Garay, Associate Professor of Public Policy Stephen Goldsmith, Daniel Paul Professor of the Practice of Government, Director of Innovations in Government Program Merilee Grindle, Edward S. Mason Professor of International Development, Emerita Arnold M. Howitt, Adjunct Lecturer in Public Policy

Many thanks for contributions from: Jessica Engelman Tim Glynn-Burke Hannah Hilligoss Dan Harsha Bruce Jackan Allen Judd Marty Mauzy Quinton Mayne Maisie O’Brien Juanne Zhao design Karin Fickett, forminform (print) Sophie Chou, Castronaut Design (web)

Elaine Kamarck, Adjunct Lecturer in Public Policy Steven J. Kelman, Albert J. Weatherhead III and Richard W. Weatherhead Professor of Public Management Alex Keyssar, Matthew W. Stirling, Jr. Professor of History and Social Policy Herman (Dutch) B. Leonard, George F. Baker, Jr. Professor of Public Management Jane J. Mansbridge, Adams Professor of Political Leadership and Democratic Values

Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation Harvard Kennedy School 79 John F. Kennedy Street Cambridge, MA 02138 617-495-0557 info@ash.harvard.edu ash.harvard.edu

information disclosure regulatory policy transnational regulatory regimes transparency public policy innovation in public administration ict e-democracy intersection of comparative and urban politics comparative government welfare poverty inequality the intersection of urban development and technology deliberative politics multilingual social movements migration gender race/ethnicity class citizen engagement participatory governance participation democratic innovation political actors deliberative democracy technology governance public policy administration institutional design campaigns and elections the potential of the internet digital transparency policies online citizen participation community-driven development methods comparative politics political economy urban politics latin american politics popular participation interest representation in the policy making process the quality of democratic institutions democratic theory democratic institutional innovations the politics of science and technology geospatial technologies interactive maps public e-participation serious digital games for civic engagement the intersection of democratic participation and law modern and contemporary political theory democratic theory distributive justice feminist theories american political behavior regime change and democratization turkish politics turkey-eu relations race and gender discrimination and inequality political polarization unequal political participation and representation governmental accountability and transparency constitutionalism political ethics the history of ideas social innovation democratic governance mass media race gender welfare politics common pool resource management public goods provision empowerment constitutional law human rights law european integration eu law theories of justice, ethics and democracy intergenerational relations theories of interpretation minority rights and representation the architecture of law making institutions federal Indian law censorship global justice just war theory international relations environmental politics comparative politics political economy of development state capacity and government performance public administration theory procedural preferences urban inequality social policy democracy in the twentieth century state capacity citizenship economics of regulation institutional economics law and economics participatory innovations direct and deliberative democracy perceived legitimacy participatory democracy citizen participation in representative systems voting procedures information disclosure regulatory policy transnational regulatory regimes transparency public policy innovation in public administration ict e-democracy intersection of comparative and urban politics comparative government welfare poverty inequality the intersection of urban development and technology deliberative politics multilingual social movements migration gender race/ethnicity class citizen engagement participatory governance participation democratic innovation political actors deliberative democracy technology governance public policy administration institutional design campaigns and elections the potential of the internet digital transparency policies online citizen participation community-driven development methods comparative politics political economy urban politics latin american politics popular participation interest representation in the policy making process the quality of democratic institutions democratic theory democratic institutional innovations the politics of science and technology geospatial technologies interactive maps public e-participation serious digital games for civic engagement the intersection of democratic participation and law modern and contemporary political theory democratic theory distributive justice feminist theories american political behavior regime change and democratization turkish politics turkey-eu relations race and gender discrimination and inequality political polarization unequal political participation and representation governmental accountability and transparency constitutionalism political ethics the history of ideas social innovation democratic governance mass media race gender welfare politics common pool resource management public goods provision empowerment constitutional law human rights law european integration eu law theories of justice, ethics and democracy intergenerational relations theories of interpretation minority rights and representation the architecture of law making institutions federal Indian law censorship global justice just war theory international relations environmental politics comparative politics political economy of development state capacity and government performance public administration theory procedural preferences urban inequality social policy democracy in the twentieth century state capacity citizenship economics of regulation institutional economics law and economics participatory innovations direct and deliberative democracy perceived legitimacy participatory democracy citizen participation in representative systems voting procedures information disclosure regulatory policy transnational regulatory regimes transparency public policy innovation in public administration ict e-democracy intersection of comparative and urban politics comparative government welfare poverty inequality the intersection of urban development and technology deliberative politics multilingual social movements migration gender race/ethnicity class citizen engagement participatory governance participation democratic innovation political actors deliberative democracy technology governance public policy administration institutional design campaigns and elections the potential of the internet digital transparency policies online citizen participation community-driven development methods comparative politics political economy urban politics latin american politics popular participation interest representation in the policy making process the quality of democratic institutions democratic theory democratic institutional innovations the politics of science and technology geospatial technologies interactive maps public e-participation serious digital games for civic engagement the intersection of democratic participation and law modern and contemporary political theory democratic theory distributive justice feminist theories american political behavior regime change and democratization turkish politics turkey-eu relations race and gender discrimination and inequality political polarization unequal political participation and representation governmental accountability and transparency constitutionalism political ethics the history of ideas social innovation democratic governance mass media race gender welfare politics common pool resource management public goods provision empowerment constitutional law human rights law european integration eu law theories of justice, ethics and democracy intergenerational relations theories of interpretation minority rights and representation the architecture of law making institutions federal Indian law censorship global justice just war theory international relations environmental politics comparative politics political economy of development state capacity and government performance public administration theory procedural preferences urban inequality social policy democracy in the twentieth century state capacity citizenship economics of regulation institutional economics law and economics participatory innovations direct and deliberative democracy perceived legitimacy participatory democracy citizen participation in representative systems voting procedures information disclosure regulatory policy transnational regulatory regimes transparency public policy innovation in public administration ict e-democracy intersection of comparative and urban politics comparative government welfare poverty inequality the intersection of urban development and technology deliberative politics multilingual social movements migration gender race/ethnicity class citizen engagement participatory governance participation democratic innovation political actors deliberative democracy technology governance public policy administration institutional design campaigns and elections the potential of the internet digital transparency policies online citizen participation community-driven development methods comparative politics political economy urban politics latin american politics popular participation interest representation in the policy making process the quality of democratic institutions democratic theory democratic institutional innovations the politics of science and technology geospatial technologies interactive maps public e-participation serious digital games for civic engagement the intersection of democratic participation and law modern and contemporary political theory democratic theory distributive justice feminist theories american political behavior regime change and democratization turkish politics turkey-eu relations race and gender discrimination and inequality political polarization unequal political participation and representation governmental accountability and transparency constitutionalism political ethics the history of ideas social innovation democratic governance mass media race gender welfare politics common pool resource management public goods provision empowerment constitutional law human rights law european integration eu law theories of justice, ethics and democracy intergenerational relations theories of interpretation minority rights and representation the architecture of law making institutions federal Indian law censorship global justice just war theory international relations environmental politics comparative politics political economy of development state capacity and government performance public administration theory procedural preferences urban inequality social policy democracy in the twentieth century state capacity citizenship economics of regulation institutional economics law and economics participatory innovations direct and deliberative democracy perceived legitimacy participatory democracy citizen participation in representative systems voting procedures information disclosure regulatory policy transnational regulatory regimes transparency public policy innovation in public administration ict e-democracy intersection of com-

Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation Harvard Kennedy School 79 John F. Kennedy Street Cambridge, ma 02138 616-495-0557 ash.harvard.edu