Abercrombie Art House Rebecca Jones and Ashleigh Vissel
Site Analysis - 2 Broad Site Analysis - 2 Macro Climate - 3 Micro Climate - 4
Design - 6 User Profile - 6 Plans - 7 Elevations- 10 Sections - 12
Materials - 13 Design Builder Inputs and Results - 15 Materials - 15 Results - 16
Methods and Conclusions - 19
Broad Site Analysis Roads and Pathways
Area shows exceptional accessibility for both pedestrians and for drivers. The area is a major pedestrian area, particularly as it is near a p rimary school, university and train station. Therefore requires excellent street appeal.
Cafe/Bar locations
Vegetation
The results of looking at vegetation are twofold. On one hand, it would be desirable to preserve all the trees around the area because it’s the environmentally responsible thing to do and because it fits in with the surrounding environment, however if it is necessary to remove trees, percentage wise, it’s not a huge loss.
Surrounding Building Function
University/ students Public buildings School/ Child care Residential
This was an important study to see if there was a need to for a proposal for a new type of eatery.
Through this study, we were able to see what need there was in the area. There was of course, plenty of university buildings, but surprisingly, lots of childcare buildings. A completely different building use would be appealing to a large and diverse community with a lack of entertiainment.
Site Analysis - Macro Climate Within Australia
Australia known as having a hot climate.
Koppen Geiger Map of NSW
BWh - Arid, desert, hot arid BSh - Arid, Steppe, hot arid BSk - Arid, Steppe, cold arid CFa - Warm temperate, fully humid, hot summer CFb - Warm temperate, fully humid, warm
Psychrometric Chart
Although Australia is stereotypically thought of as a hot and dry country, Sydney’s weather is reasonably moderate, with a warm temperate, humid and hot summer. For much of the year, the temperatures during late spring and early autumn fall in the comfort zone (recommended by UCLA on Climate Consultant) which only requires some shade and good ventilation. Sydney does however experience both hot and cold temperatures throughout the year, meaning during the summer months, cross ventilation and cooling through both natural and fan-forced means are important, as well as creating valuable shade, particularly from the western sun.
Site Analysis: Micro Climate December Solstice University/ students Public buildings School/ Child care Residential
Winter Solstice
9am
12pm
3pm
9am
12pm
3pm
9am
12pm
3pm
Equinox
Topography
Slope of Site
Pedestrian Access Vehicular Access
Winter prevailing winds Summer prevailing winds
Design and User Profile
When conducting site analysis on the Abercrombie St lot and it’s surrounds, a thriving community area was discovered with abundant education and leisure facilities. The positioning of the site bordering the University of Sydney prompted the development of an Art House, a building that would reside a renowned artist for a period of time whilst they conduct workshops and exhibit pieces in the gallery. The demise of the Universities College of the Arts inspired this project, aiming to generate greater interest and funds into the College. The sites proximity to Carriageworks, a cultural hub of Sydney, will allow for partnerships and greater knowledge. The inclusion of a rooftop bar will attract visitors present in the Art House as well as residents and students within the community who are looking for a trendy spot. Due to the incredibly high passing trade many of the cafes and bars in the area lack character, a concept this bar will not know.
Plans
USYD Aquatic Centre ing Codr
TAFE
Ragla
in Codr
et n Stre
treet ton S
USYD Student Services
gton
Lane ro Aberc
mbie
Street
Site Plan 1:1000
^
2
Public Workshop
Art Gallery
1
Storeroom
1
^
Lounge
2
Ground Floor Plan 1:300
Green Roof
Artist Workshop Residence
Second Floor Plan 1:300
Elavations
Raglan Street Elevation 1:200
Abercrombie Street Elevation 1:200
Codrington Lane Elevation 1:200
Behind Usyd Aquatic Centre Elevation 1:200
Sections
Bar
Residence living
Private bathroom
Bathroom
Lounge
Residence bedroom
Gallery
Section AA 1:200
Bathroom
Public Workshop
Gallery
Lounge
Section BB 1:200
Exploded Axonometric with Materials
Eco Bricks 50mm layer of rammed earth and cement mix on interior side of the wall to cover bottle tops Rammed earth and cement mix binding eco bricks together Compressed recycled soft plastic in plastic bottle Platic bottles with cap 50mm layer of sand compressed on bottom side of the bottle
Axonometric Section of Eco Brick Why use Eco Bricks? - We have a huge problem with plastic pollution. Eco bricks trap and keep plastic out ouf our biosphere and put them to good use. - Eco bricks keep plastic out of industrial recycling. Although water bottles can be recycled, recycling = energy. Soft plastics such as plastic bags are also difficult to recycle in the first place. - Eco Bricks sequester CO2. Burning plastic is one of solutions of getting rid of it. Burning 1kg of Plastic releases 3.1 Kg of CO2 into the atmosphere. When plastic is left in the sun, CO2 can also be released. One 1.5L ecobrick will sequester 4.6kg of CO2 - It requires little to no skill for the everyday person to make themselves - Not only is it halping by taking pollution out of the environment, eco bricks can have a very low embodied energy. This means no new materials were needed to be resourced, mined, made, and shipped to the location. -If built properly with rammed earth and cement, buildings made of eco bricks can stand the test of time. When/if the building will be demolished, eco bricks are ready and easy to reuse, making it a cradle-to-cradle product.
Materials and Properties in Design Builder
Building Part
Material
Windows
Double Glazed Glass
Window Frame
Recycled Oak
Outter Walls
Rammed earth with eco brick
Interior Walls
Stud Wall
Roof
Green Roof
Layers 3mm Glass 13mm Air Gap 3mm Glass 50mm Oak 100mm Rammed earth 350mm PVC 100mm Rammed earth 100mm Rammed earth 19mm Stucco 15mm Gypsum 66mm Fibreglass 101mm Wood 15mm Gypsum 500mm Green Roof 19mm Asphalt 13mm Fibreboard 48mm Polystyrene 100mm Concrete
R Value
U Value
Image
2.7 3 6.4
2.1
3.6
Schedule of Building in Design Builder
Zones
Lounge/Public Toilets Time % Occupancy Monday - Thursday 2200 - 0900 0 0900 - 1200 25 1200 - 1700 75 1700 - 1900 25 1900 - 2200 35 Times of Use Friday - Saturday 2400 - 0900 0 0900 - 1700 75 1700 - 2000 25 2000 - 2300 100 2300 - 0100 50 Sunday 0000 - 2400 0
Storage Time % Occupancy Monday - Saturday 2200 - 0900 0 0900 - 1700 50 1700 - 2200 100 Sunday 0000 - 2400 0
Artists residence Artists residence - Bed Time % Occupancy Time % Occupancy Monday -Saturday Monday - Sunday 2300 - 0800 0 2300 - 0800 100 0800 - 1100 100 0800 - 2300 0 1100 - 1700 0 1700 - 1900 75 1900 - 2000 50 2000 - 2300 100 Sunday 2300 - 0800 0 0800 - 2300 80
Private Workshop Time % Occupancy Monday - Friday 1100 - 1700 100 1700 - 1100 0 Saturday - Sunday 0000 - 2400
Art Gallery Time % Occupancy Monday - Thursday 2200 - 0900 0 0900 - 1200 25 1200 - 1700 75 1700 - 1900 0 1900 - 2200 75 Friday - Saturday 2400 - 0900 0 0900 - 1700 75 1700 - 2000 25 2000 - 2300 100 2300 - 0100 50 Sunday 0000 - 2400 0
Public Workshop Time % Occupancy Monday - Thursday 2200 - 0900 0 0900 - 1900 5 1900 - 2200 50 Friday - Saturday 2400 - 0900 0 0900 - 1200 5 1200 - 1500 100 1500 - 2000 5 2000 - 2300 100 2300 - 2400 5 2400 - 0900 0 Sunday 0000 - 2400 0
Energy Usage in Design Builder
2
CIBSE Energy Consumption Benchmarks for Existing Buildings kWh/m per year Building Type Good Practice Typical Practice Museums and Galleries 113 210 Restuaurants with Bar 1100 1250 Residential Homes 247 417 Offices 97 178
Design Version Heating Cooling Interior Lighting Interior Equipment Total Site Energy / year (KWh) 2 Energy per m (KWh) % Change from Original NA
Designing with Design Builder 2 3 6516.63 7007.62 83687.08 60158.61 57647.38 58262.66 12814.87 12876.08 170137.31 147870.6
1 6073.31 73057.58 109255.02 12814.87 201200.78 94.72
Standard DB materials
87.01 -8.14 Rammed Earth Double glazed windows
Design Features and Adjustments
74.06 -27.90 Rammed Earth with insulation Double glazed windows with air gap Tripple Glazed windows in Gallery Subtraction of Southern and minimisation of western windows
4 6999.23 59930.28 58122.5 12814.87 147338.23
5 7724.55 44824.02 58135.74 12814.87 132970.54
6 12184.04 27497.06 60384.84 12814.87 112880.81
70.01 -35.29
65.82 -43.91
54.36 -74.25
Eco Bricks Double glazed windows with air gap Tripple Glazed windows in Gallery
Eco Bricks Double glazed windows with air gap Tripple Glazed windows in Gallery
Eco Bricks Double glazed windows with air gap Tripple Glazed windows in Gallery
Subtraction of Southern and minimisation of western windows Green Roof Decidous Tree
Subtraction of Southern and minimisation of western windows Green Roof Decidous Tree Roof screen Deeper Eaves
Subtraction of Southern and minimisation of western windows Green Roof Decidous Tree Roof screen Deeper Eaves Scheduled exterior window louvres
gy Consumption
CIBSE Energy Consumption Benchmarks for Existing Buildings kWh/m2 per year Building Type Good Practice Typical Practice Museums and Galleries 113 210 withExisting Bar Buildings kWh/m2 per year 1100 1250 onsumption Restuaurants Benchmarks for Residential Homes 247 417 Good Practice Typical Practice Offices 97 178 alleries 113 210
Sunshine and Shade ecient building benchmarks
h Bar es
1100
1250
247 Cooling and 417 Passive Heating, Shading Designing with Design Builder
97 1 2 6073.31 6516.63 73057.58 Designing with Design83687.08 Builder 109255.02 57647.38 2 3 12814.87 12814.87 6516.63 7007.62 201200.78 170137.31 83687.08 60158.61
eating, Cooling and Shading
178
3 7007.62 60158.61 58262.66 4 12876.08 6999.23 147870.6 59930.28
Using passive design strategies, we have beaten the bench mark by 56% Using passivewith design strategies, we an overall improvement of 54% have beaten the bench mark by 56% with an overall improvement of 54% 4 6999.23 59930.28 58122.5 5 12814.87 7724.55 147338.23 44824.02
5 7724.55 44824.02 58135.74 6 12814.87 12184.04 132970.54 27497.06
6 12184.04 27497.06 60384.84 12814.87 112880.81
94.72 87.01 74.06 70.01 65.82 54.36 57647.38 58262.66 58122.5 58135.74 60384.84 -8.14 -27.90 -35.29 -43.91 -74.25 12814.87 12876.08 12814.87 12814.87 12814.87 Summer 9:00 am Summer 12:00 pm Summer 3:00 pm with 170137.31 147870.6 Rammed Earth147338.23 132970.54 112880.81 materials Rammed Earth insulation Eco Bricks Eco Bricks Eco Bricks 87.01 74.06 70.01 65.82 54.36 -8.14 -27.90 Double glazed windows -35.29 Double glazed windows -43.91 Double glazed windows -74.25 Double glazed windows Double glazed windows withSummer air gap 12:00 pm with air gap with air gap with air gap 0 am Summer 3:00 pm Rammed Earth with Tripple Glazed windows in Tripple Glazed windows in Tripple Glazed windows in Tripple Glazed windows in insulation Eco Bricks Eco Bricks Eco Bricks Gallery Gallery Gallery Gallery Double glazed windows Double glazed windows Double glazed windows Double glazed windows Subtraction Subtraction Subtraction indows with air gap with air gap of Southern with air gap of Southern with air gap of Southern Subtraction of Southern and minimisation of and minimisation of and of in and minimisation of Glazed windows Tripple Glazed windows in Tripple Glazed windows in Tripple Glazed windows in Trippleminimisation western windows western windows western windows western windows Gallery Gallery Gallery Gallery Green Roof Green Roof Green Roof Subtraction of Southern Subtraction of Southern Subtraction of Southern Subtraction of Southern Winter 9:00 am Winter Winter 3:00 pm Decidous Tree 12:00 pm Decidous Tree Decidous Tree and minimisation of and minimisation of and minimisation of and minimisation of Roof screen Roof screen western windows western windows windows western windows Orientation: North facing living facilities and amenitieswestern on Deeper Eaves Deeper Eaves Green Roof Green Roof Green Roof south and west side with minimal windows. am Winter 12:00 pm Winter 3:00 pm Sunlight and Shading: Louvres, eaves, green roof and Decidous Decidous Tree Tree Decidous Tree Effect of Louvres on Windows Scheduled exterior window deciduous tree provide shading during summer whilst Roof screen Roof screen 2 th facing living facilitiessun and amenities on the winter. louvres allowing through during CIBSEEaves Energy Consumption Deeper Benchmarks for Existing Buildings kWh/m per year Deeper Eaves ide with minimal windows. Thermal Mass: Sun through the windows on the north side Building Type Good Practice Typical Practice ading: Louvres, green roof andit up and holds the heat in toeaves, the building, it heats Museums and Galleries 113 210 Scheduled exterior1100 window rovide shading during summer whilst Ventilation: Windows facing north east Restuaurants with Bar 1250 Summer 3:00 pm Winter 3:00 pm 2 louvres ough during the winter. PVC insulation in Insulation: wallsEnergy and wool in roof Benchmarks CIBSE Consumption forHomes Existing Buildings kWh/m per year 247 Residential 417 un through the windows on the north side Building Type GoodOffices Practice Typical Practice 97 178 heats it up and holds the heat in Museums and Galleries 113 210 dows facing north east Restuaurants with Bar 1100 1250 Summer 3:00 pm Winter 3:00 pm nsulation in walls and wool in roof Residential Homes 247 Designing with Design417 Builder
Energy Usage
Offices 97 2 Design Version 1 Heating 6073.31 6516.63 Cooling 73057.58 83687.08 Designing with Design Builder Interior Lighting 109255.02 57647.38 1 2 3 Interior Equipment 12814.87 12814.87 6516.63 7007.62 Total Site Energy /6073.31 year (KWh) 201200.78 170137.31 73057.58 83687.0894.72 60158.6187.01 Energy per m2 (KWh) 57647.38 58262.66 -8.14 % Change from 109255.02 Original NA nt 12814.87 12814.87 12876.08 / year (KWh) 201200.78 170137.31 147870.6 Standard DB materials Rammed Earth Wh) 94.72 87.01 74.06 Double glazed-27.90 windows Original NA -8.14 Rammed Earth with
sage
178 3 4 7007.62 6999.23 60158.61 59930.28 58262.66 58122.5 4 5 12876.08 12814.87 6999.23 7724.55 147870.6 147338.23 59930.2874.06 44824.0270.01 58122.5-27.90 58135.74-35.29 12814.87 12814.87 Rammed Earth with insulation 147338.23 Eco Bricks 132970.54 70.01 65.82 Double glazed windows Double glazed windows with air gap -35.29 with air gap -43.91 Tripple Glazed windows in Tripple Glazed windows in
5 6 7724.55 12184.04 44824.02 27497.06 58135.74 60384.84 6 12814.87 12814.87 12184.04 132970.54 112880.81 27497.0665.82 54.36 60384.84-43.91 -74.25 12814.87 Eco Bricks 112880.81 Eco Bricks 54.36 Double glazed windows Double glazed windows with air gap -74.25 with air gap Tripple Glazed windows in Tripple Glazed windows in
Climatic Responces Orientation: In Sydney, the Northern sun is the most desirable sun in building, meaning orientation is decided upon the best way to take advantage of the sun. Another aspect of orientation is also the way in which the building can use or block the wind. During winter, winds are unwanted as they cool a space down, however the summer north easterly afternoon winds bring wind from across the water which cools the building. Our building has the residences and ‘emptier’ spaces facing north to take advantage of the sun for heating. The intention is that the building encapsulates the sun like a bowl. The Art Gallery is facing away from the north to receive no direct sunlight, which can harm artworks. Sunlight and Shading: Although we want the Northern sun to come in as much as possible during the winter, the summer sun is hot during the day. Using shade during the summer is important to help minimize cooling costs. In our design, deep eaves and window sills help keep sun out, as well as deciduous trees and exterior louvres, which during the summer can keep sun out, but during the winter, let it in. Insulation: Insulation is a basic method of keeping the warmth/coolness in whilst respectively keeping the cold/heat out. Our building’s use of eco bricks is an extremely effective insulation. We have also used insulation in ceilings to stop heat from leaving spaces during the winter, as heat rises. Ventilation: In conjunction with orientation, windows need to be oriented a certain way to let fresh air through to make a space comfortable. Cross ventilation occurs when fresh air is constantly brought in and out. To get this to happen, windows on the northern side are plentiful, which small windows on the west side to let air cycle through the space. During a summer afternoon, opening the windows and louvres will bring in cool air overnight for the next day. Thermal Mass: Thermal mass works with orientation, sunlight and shading and ventilation. Our building uses thermal mass both in the walls and importantly, the floors. During the winter, we use the daytime sun to heat up the walls and floors, during the day as stored heat energy for overnight, which is then slowly released during the night. Through summer, the opposite occurs. As the floors heat up slowly through the day, the cool winds cross over it in the afternoon, thus restricting heating time.
Summer Days Passive Cooling Methods
Winter Day Passive Heating Methods
Implications and Consequences of the Design Ultimately, the Abercrombie Art House demonstrates sustainable design and the successful implementation of passive solar design whilst creating a space relevant to its community. The fall of the building is orientated to the north allowing an abundance of sunlight on an originally shaded site. The wind tunnel that was found on the northwest corner no longer affects the experience whilst narrow structures allow cross ventilation from the northeast. The use of louvers and an adjustable roof create a comfortable rooftop space at all times of the year. The public workshop is spacious and conveniently located on the ground floor next to the gallery and courtyard, this space will be optimized due to large windows on the east side. The residence is purposely located looking over the green roof and facing the northern light whilst the gallery does not receive direct light, as per recommendations for art pieces. The consequences of this building are minimized. The original removal of trees on the site is overcome by the vast amounts of vegetation on the green roof and those planted on the wall of the fitness center. The use of eco bricks allows the recycling of plastics and the use of rammed earth, creating an interesting faced reflective of the creativity within the Art house. This material use also reduces embodied energy, usually a major consequence of the construction of new buildings. Overall, the building will demonstrate how sustainability can be stylish and appealing in ways that will inspire.