ASHLEY HENINGTON UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN ARCH 608 · FALL 2019
URBAN DWELLING K A N S A S C I T Y, K S
ASHLEY HENINGTON UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN ARCH 608 · FALL 2019
URBAN DWELLING K A N S A S C I T Y, K S
WABI SABI LOST ASSETS
NATURAL DECAY CHANGE
REMNANTS OF TIME BEFORE
DISREPAIR
REDISCOVER
SIGNS OF LIFE
UNINTENTIONAL
IMPERFECT
CHANGE OVER TIME Wabi-Sabi is about accepting things as they are, and understanding there will be imperfections. Even things considered to be strong and stable like paved roadways or brick structures age and change overtime for various reasons. There is beauty in these changes and they can help define intimate spaces, neighborhoods, and even entire communities. The images above show evidence of events on an ever-changing timeline. Cracks in a stone provide a place for plants to take root. Decay is an opportunity for new growth.
2
KCK: Initial Reactions • The
city has aged. Even though recent revitalization efforts
are evident, remnants of a past culture are prominently shown through the natural decay of the built environment as well as the overwhelming amount of homeless, mentally ill, and elderly community members.
• Transportation
infrastructure supports vehicular traffic well, but
other methods of transportation seem to be an afterthought. Crosswalks and marked bike routes are minimal.
• Redlining in the 1930’s was detrimental to the economy in Wyandotte
County. Racial divides assisted in segregation and discrimination of community members. Programs and services were not provided equally and the area has not fully recovered.
• The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation collects county health data
and ranks counties by state based on the collected data. Their yearly findings for Wyandotte county go back to 2011. Wyandotte county has ranked last for Social and Economic determinants of health for the nine consecutive years this study has been done.
4
Wash in
gton
Nebr
aska
State Minn
esota
Arm
th
stro
9
Blvd.
Ave.
Ave.
Ave.
St.
Starting Point Visitor’s Center
Old YMCA
ng A ve. th
8
. St
Downtown Kansas City, KS has been getting major streetscape improvements, including new street lighting, a new grocery store, and improvements to the main bus hub. These major projects are happening on Minnesota Ave, east of Eighth St. When standing on the corner of eighth street, by the visitor’s center and the daunting, abandoned YMCA, the clear divide between the downtown streetscape and the aged suburban streetscape to the west is apparent. The problems with pedestrian circulation are evident, and safe, public spaces to exercise are lacking. There are no visible bike routes and there are only crosswalks at major intersections.
Daycare
/4 Mi le Walk Dista ing nce 1
ntow
n Str
ip
City Bus Hub
7 th St.
Dow
THE NEIGHBORHOOD 6
No Data
Avg. Age at Death 58.7 - 64.2 64.3 - 66.9 67.0 - 68.7 68.8 - 71.3 71.4 - 80.6 Industrial
Average Age at Death in Wyandotte County, 2010 - 2014
Sickness & Mortality The HEAT report identifies problems like early death and high rates of sickness. Additionally, the downtown focus area has more deaths per 1,000 people due to cancer and heart disease than any other zone in the county. Minimal access to medical care, particulates in the air and high risk of lead paint exposure are just some of the possible factors leading to these problems.
Sources: Health Equity Action Transformation Report, Wyandotte County Public Health Department, Maps adjusted for clarity. County Environmental Health Profiles, Wyandotte County, Kansas
8
Demographics
Represents Focus Area Within Wyandotte County
Under Age 18
Over Age 65
9.4% - 18.4%
4.1% - 6.3%
18.5% - 20.0%
6.4% - 9.5%
20.1% - 31.0%
9.6% - 11.6%
31.1% - 36.0%
11.7% - 14.6%
36.1% - 43.0%
14.7% - 24.1% Industrial
Industrial
Population Under 18
Population Over 65
Poverty Rate
Poverty Rate
1.9% - 10.0%
1.9% - 10.0%
10.1% - 20.0%
10.1% - 20.0%
20.1% - 40.0%
20.1% - 40.0%
40.1% - 60.0%
40.1% - 60.0%
Over 60.0%
Over 60.0%
Industrial
Under 18 in Poverty
Industrial
Over 65 in Poverty
This set of maps sets a foundation for the understanding of the demographics in the wyandotte county, and more specifically the downtown focus area. There is a lack of youth when compared to the surrounding neighborhoods in wyandotte and a concentration of elderly. The downtown neighborhood is struggling with poverty. As seen above, between 40% and 60% of elderly citizens and families with children make less than the federal poverty level.
Sources: Health Equity Action Transformation Report, U.S. Census - American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates 2010-2014, Maps adjusted for clarity.
10
Demographics
$10,000
Median Household Income
Industrial
$112,000
Unemployment 1.0% - 5.0% 5.1% - 10.0% 10.1% - 15.0% 15.1% - 20.0% 20.1% - 37.1% Industrial
Vulnerable Populations: Low Income
Vulnerable Populations: Unemployment
In addition to the elderly and families with youth being below the poverty level, the maps to the left show the magnitude of the problem. The average income is less than $20,000 per year. This may be due to the very high unemployment rate. According to the U.S. Census, of all households in area code 66101:
27.9%
23.7%
32.9%
27.3%
are families with a married-couple head-of-household
are families with a single woman head-of-household
are families with children under the age of 18
are households with persons 65+
Sources: Health Equity Action Transformation Report, U.S. Census - American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates 2010-2014, Maps adjusted for clarity.
12
Weather Data
• Kansas City, Kansas gets an average of 40 inches of rain and 16 inches of snow per year. The US average is 38 inches of rain, and 28 inches of snow per year.
• Kansas City gets some kind of precipitation an average of 95 days
per year. The precipitation above average in the summer and below average in the winter.
• The typical temperature in the summer is slightly above the national average and the typical low temperature in the winter is about ten degrees lower than the national average.
• The wind speed is at the top of the U.S. average range throughout the year.
• Strong winds come from the south in the summer and fall.
Wind Rose Plot Station #03947 - Kansas City / Intl. Arpt, MO
Wind Rose Plot Station #03947 - Kansas City / Intl. Arpt, MO NORTH
NORTH
20%
20%
16%
16%
12%
12%
8%
8%
4%
4% EAST
WEST
EAST
WEST
SOUTH
SOUTH
MODELER
DATE
COMPANY NAME
Sara West
10 ·29 ·2002
USDA-ARS
< 11.05
DISPLAY
UNIT
COMMENTS
8.49 - 11.05
Wind Speed
m/s
5.40 - 8.49
AVG. WIND SPEED
CALM WINDS
4.98 m/s
3.01%
ORIENTATION
PLOT YEAR - DATE - TIME
Direction ( B l o w i n g
1961 Dec 1 - Dec 31 Midnight - 11pm
Wind Speed (m/s)
3.34 - 5.40 1.20 - 3.34 .51 - 1.20
MODELER
DATE
COMPANY NAME
Sara West
10 ·29 ·2002
USDA-ARS
< 11.05
DISPLAY
UNIT
COMMENTS
8.49 - 11.05
Wind Speed
m/s
5.40 - 8.49
AVG. WIND SPEED
CALM WINDS
4.98 m/s
3.01%
ORIENTATION
PLOT YEAR - DATE - TIME
Direction (blowing from)
1961 Mar 1 - Mar 31 Midnight - 11pm
Wind Speed (m/s)
3.34 - 5.40 1.20 - 3.34 .51 - 1.20
Wind Rose Plot Station #03947 - Kansas City / Intl. Arpt, MO
Wind Rose Plot Station #03947 - Kansas City / Intl. Arpt, MO
NORTH
NORTH
20%
20% 16%
16% 12%
12% 8%
8% 4%
4% EAST
WEST
EAST
WEST
SOUTH
SOUTH MODELER
DATE
COMPANY NAME
Sara West
10 ·29 ·2002
USDA-ARS
< 11.05
DISPLAY
UNIT
COMMENTS
m/s
8.49 - 11.05
Wind Speed
m/s
AVG. WIND SPEED
CALM WINDS
5.40 - 8.49
AVG. WIND SPEED
CALM WINDS
4.98 m/s
3.01%
3.34 - 5.40
4.98 m/s
3.01%
ORIENTATION
PLOT YEAR - DATE - TIME
1.20 - 3.34
ORIENTATION
PLOT YEAR - DATE - TIME
Direction (blowing from)
1961 Jun 1 - Jun 31 Midnight - 11pm
Direction (blowing from)
1961 Sep 1 - Sep 31 Midnight - 11pm
MODELER
DATE
COMPANY NAME
Sara West
10 ·29 ·2002
USDA-ARS
< 11.05
DISPLAY
UNIT
COMMENTS
8.49 - 11.05
Wind Speed
5.40 - 8.49
Wind Speed (m/s)
3.34 - 5.40 1.20 - 3.34 .51 - 1.20
Wind Speed (m/s)
.51 - 1.20
14
Neighborhood Site Map
This map visualizes potential pedestrian activity
in the neighborhood. Understanding where people are spending time can help activate those places by facilitating meeting opportunities through simple space planning. The public transportation is shown to indicate potential destination spots for pedestrian traffic.
The educational facilities
are shown to demonstrate traffic specific to young families. The “Entertainment” and “Greenspaces & Water” categories are shown to help analyze the areas that already have the potential to attract the gathering of community members and spaces
250’
500’
N 10THNST. 10TH ST.
new development with the existing neighborhood.
1” = 500’ 50’ 100’
N 11THNST. 11TH ST.
N 12TH ST. N 12TH ST.
Understanding these spaces can really help integrate
N 13TH ST. N 13TH ST.
N 14TH ST. N 14TH ST.
with strong potential for community activities.
JE
RNEW SE Y C JERSEY AVE. RE EK
E.
VE.
Legend Education Transportation Preschools 101 State Line Public Library 104 Argentine 106 Quinardo Community 107 7th Street Community FREEMAN AVE. Gardens Greenspaces & Water Greenspaces Merc Co+op Water Entertainment Site Murals Site
OAKLAND AVE.
FREEMAN AVE.
EVERETT AVE.
OAKLAND AVE.
WASHINGTON BLVD.
EVERETT AVE.
NEBRASKA AVE.
1
/4 MILE WASHINGTON BLVD. WALKING RADIUS
STATE AVE.
BARNETT AVE. GRANDVIEW BLVD. SANDUSKY AVE.
N 5TH ST.
N 5TH ST.
N 6TH ST.
ARMSTRONG AVE.
ARMSTRONG AVE.
N 4TH ST.
MINNESOTA AVE.
ANN AVE.
MINNESOTA AVE.
N 7TH ST.
STATE AVE.
N 6TH ST.
N 7TH ST.N 9TH ST.
MILE G RADIUS
N 8TH ST.
NEBRASKA AVE.
16
Problem
Due to the lack of active, community engaging, and youthful citizens, KCK must empower residents with the abilities to live healthier, happier, and more community centered lives by creating places for people to engage, and improving the pedestrian experience.
Vision & Goals CREATE PUBLIC LIFE • Provide public spaces for activities where
engage
community
members
can
• Implement childcare and more safe spaces to encourage an influx of beginning families
• Encourage diversity and celebration of heritage and differences
IMPROVE PEDESTRIAN EXPERIENCE • Maximize amount of plant life and shaded spaces
• Increase pedestrian safety
• Add more crosswalks and sidewalks separated from street side
LIVEN THE COMMUNIT Y • Install park fitness equipment and bike stations to promote exercise
• Provide safe places for children to play • Include various places to rest along walkways
• Allow easier access to health-related services
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Programming + Idea
“Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody.” ― Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities
126, 000 SF - TOTAL RENTABLE LIVING SPACE
PRIVATE
TYPE
% OF UNITS
# OF UNITS
SF / UNIT
SF / TYPE
2 BED
20%
18
2,000 sf
36,000 sf
1 BED
55%
50
1,400 sf
70,000 sf
STUDIO
25%
22
909 sf
20,000 sf
8,700 SF - HEALTH AND WELLNESS CENTER SERVICE AREAS
Lobby / Reception
200 sf
Retail
300 sf
Juice Bar / Seating for 10
300 sf
Offices Free Weights Training Area BODY / MIND SPACES
SHARED ANCILLARY FACILITIES
1,000 sf
Classrooms (2)
1,600 sf
Lockers / Bath / Toilets
1,500 sf
Private Gardens Laundry / Janatorial / Storage
4, 000 SF - PHARMACY
Lobby / Waiting / Retail
SERVICE AREAS
1,000 sf 750 sf
1,200 sf 400 sf
Retail Storage
250 sf
Break Room
125 sf
Office
600 sf
Safe room
2, 000 SF - DAY CARE (~30-40 KIDS) Classrooms
Flexible Indoor Play Area
1,200 sf 225 sf
2,000 sf 500
Reception
400 sf
Restrooms
100 sf
Office
400 sf
EMPLOYEE ONLY AREAS Open Med Storage Ancillary Facilities
PUBLIC
400 sf
Drop-Off & Consult. Windows
PHARMACY WORK AREA Open Med Storage
SERVICE AREAS
600 sf
Circuit Weight Machines Area
Saunas (2) + Equipment Room NATURE SPACES
1,050 sf
1,200 sf 400 sf
14, 000 SF - CIRCUL ATION, STORAGE, ETC. 20
Zoning & Limitations C-1
Zone Type: Commercial - little commotion, limited hours Height Restrictions: 2 Stories or 35â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Parking: 1 spot per 1,000 SF building area and
C-3
per each 1 residential unit
Zone Type: Commercial - unappealing, offensive and noisy businesses Height Restrictions: 3 Stories Parking: 4 spots per 1,000 SF building area and per 1 residential unit
CP-2: General Business District
Zone Type: Planned Commercial Height Restrictions: 12 Stories
Parking: 4 spots per 1,000 SF building area and per 1 residential unit
C-D
Zone Type: Central Business District - Flexible in business type Height Restrictions: None Parking: 1 spot per residential unit
15’
15’
C-1
15’
25’
290’
C-3
25’ 25’
CP-2
300’
25’ 25’
C-D
150’
285’
22
Community Engagement In the study, Health Happens in Neighborhoods,by the Greater Kansas City Initiative, researchers asked for community feedback on three key
topics
related
to
catalyzing
movements, community assets, and improving safety and walkability.
Feedback
from the community included these topics:
This study shows how desperate the community is for access, activity, safe surroundings, and better understanding. Creating spaces that facilitate these invaluable interactions between the community is crucial to successful development of the area.
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2-Bed Unit 800 sf
Form Study: Linking the Community Together
1-Bed Unit 500 sf
Studio Unit 300 sf
The repetitive form of these shapes create unique and intimate spaces to be explored, while conceptually bringing community members together through links 4-Bed Unit
and physical adjacencies. The links also allow for base standard floor plans which are easily adjusted based on individual need.
1,100 sf
Studio Unit 500 sf
40’ - 0”
20’ - 0”
20’ - 0” 13’ - 4”
2-Bed Unit + Loft: 1000 sf
1-Bed Unit 500 sf
26
Strict Streetscape, Playfull Courtyard. Defining Space The strict limited setback of the downtown zone was inspiration for a change in approach. To stay true to the urban fabric of downtown, the rigid exterior had to be maintained. Big, dense cities like Paris, shown to the left, maintain an urban streetscape while still providing private, personal, and communal gathering space within. The rigid exterior of the city block, with a soft, non-rigid interior was a breakthrough in the concept of this development. The links could still be used on the inside to create interesting spaces for personal gathering space, but the street-side would have to be more linear to create an effective streetscape.
28
Strict Streetscape, Playfull Courtyard. Creating Community A central exterior space exists in all three sites, with a clear
separation from the street, so the tenants have space to themselves and the streetscape is well defined. The the northernmost site has a
garden with a small park space for the community to use which will
create more public life. In order to respect the current downtown streetscape and the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s plans for growth, the street-side of the
south building design was very linear. The exterior hallways help the upper levels stay connected to the community. The exterior hallways
will also be planted, which can be seen from the street, giving a
different twist to what is inside the development. The bottom level of the street-side also mimics the interior by pushing closer and away from the street, allowing spaces for retail and restaurants to create a strong presence along the street.
VIEW FROM SOUTHEAST 8 TH & MINNESOTA
ST AT E AV E.
NEBRA
VE. SKA A
8 TH
ST
R
EE
T
VIEW FROM NORTHEAST
NEBR
ASKA
AV E .
VIEW FROM NORTHWEST
VIEW DOWN MINNESOTA AVE.
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Three-Block Section
MINNESOTA AVE.
STATE AVE.
NEBRASKA AVE.
WASHING TON BLVD.
WASHING TON BLVD.
NEBRASKA AVE.
STATE AVE.
MINNESOTA AVE.
N
THREE-BLOCK SITE PL AN
N
8 TH STREET
32
Case Study 1: Form Arboricole Vincent Callebaut Architectures
In the Arboricole project, water distribution and a vertical forest to help with fresh air and tenant experience were key goals. The units all have large windows and very compact unit plans. The tenants all have access to open patios surrounded by planted walls to separate them from the busy intersection the building sits upon.
34
Case Study 2: Materiality - Exterior Planter Box House ¡ Formzero The heavy, raw concrete, paired with floor-to-ceiling windows allow for flexibility in floor plan arrangements and privacy between units. Planted surroundings and large patios encourage tenants to spend time outside.
Case Study 3: Materiality - Interior H3 House ¡ Luciano Kruk
In the H3 House, concrete finishes change based on the application. Using different textures adds personality to the space. The raw concrete was formed using rough boards creating a finished look which does not need to be drywalled or painted over.
36
Case Study 4: Structural Thermal Break Isokorb Type CM · Schock
The concrete cantilevers can be accomplished in this climate by using this technology. The Isokorb system is structural, and is installed before the concrete is poured, significantly reducing thermal bridging that would typically occur in this type of application, in the KCK climate zone.
38
Isometric View 1” = 20’-0”
1
Isometric
N
40
East Elevation 1” = 20’-0”
42
North Elevation 1” = 30’-0”
South Elevation 1” = 30’-0”
44
West Elevation 1” = 20’-0”
46
East Section 1” = 20’-0”
48
Studio Unit 1
/8” = 1’-0”
1-Bed Unit 1
/8” = 1’-0”
50
2-Bed Unit 1
/8” = 1’-0”
3-Bed Unit 1
/8” = 1’-0”
52
Level 1 · Floor Plan 1” = 20’-0”
N
54
Level 2 · Floor Plan 1” = 20’-0”
N
56
Level 3 · Floor Plan 1” = 40’-0”
N
Level 4 · Floor Plan
N
1” = 40’-0”
58
Site Plan 1” = 40’-0”
N
Parking · Floor Plan · Levels -2 & -1
N
1” = 40’-0”
60
Physical Models
/4 ”= 1’ SOUTH SITE FORM MODEL
1
/32 ”= 1’ SOUTH SITE FORM MODEL
1
62
64
66
ASHLEY HENINGTON UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN ARCH 608 · FALL 2019