Rosetta heritage Complex Report by Ashraqat Khaled

Rosetta Heritage Complex October University For Modern Science And Arts Faculty Of Engineering Architecture Department Graduation Project II ASE 564 – spring 2020 Group – M1

Supervisors: Dr. Omar Fawzy Dr. Sameh El-Feki Dr. Rasha Sayed Dr. Rania El Messeidy

Author: Ashraqat Khaled Khalaf 164583 “ As an architect you design for the Present with an awareness of the Past for a Future which is essentially unknown ” - Norman Foster

BSTRACT

We were asked to investigate the problems in Delta and Focus on a specific problem and find an architectural solution to it. After researching about the different governorates and cities we were mostly interested in the city of Rosetta “Rasheed”, in Al Beheira Governorate, and its amazing historical background. We felt the need to find out why is Rosetta not a touristic destination, being the largest city after Cairo that has Islamic Monuments, as well as its strategic location at the intersection of the Mediterranean sea and river Nile. Moreover, the city rich with its unique cultures, traditional handcrafts and it is famous for yacht productions. Therefore, we started looking for reasons and statistics, and accordingly we settled on a project that would help revive the tourism in Rosetta. We travelled to Rosetta, conducted interviews with the people there and visited the monuments there which motivated us to try and find a solution for the heritage deterioration. Due to the negligence of the historical monuments from the government, Rosetta started to lose the strong identity it had, and its history is starting to fade away. Hence, losing its image as a touristic city. The proposed project is mainly dealing with the heritage deterioration by creating “Rosetta heritage complex” that is going to allow people to rediscover the treasures of Rosetta. 3

INTRODUCTION

8 - 28

• Historical background • Site analysis • Program

• • • • • • • •

DESIGN APPROACH

29 - 59

Inspiration Concept development Form development Project development Juries Final development Design consideration Design impact

CONSTRUCTION

60 - 66

• Method of construction • Materials details • Detailed wall sections

STRUCTURE SYSTEM

67 - 69

• structure strategy • Design

SUSTAINABILITY CONSIDERATION

70 - 72

• Social Approach • Economical Approach • Environmental Approach

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT

FURTHER STUDIES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• • • •

73 - 74

Mass orientation Ventilation Lighting Vegetation

75 - 76

• Movable skin

77 -

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INTRODUCTION

1. Introduction

Fig 1.1 city location, data source (google maps), illustrated by (authors,2019).

Egypt is a unique touristic destination , which has witnessed many historical eras. It is rich with many historical cities and sites. One of them is Rosetta, the city of million palm trees, which follows El- Beheira Governorate. Rosetta, once a major Mediterranean harbor, is now a forgotten Egyptian city with a hidden treasure of Ottoman roots. It has traditional crafts such as a palm leaves furniture, shipbuilding and carpet weaving workshop. The total area of city is 2.5 km 2 and is elevated 15m from sea level. It contains large amount of monuments and archeological sites. It is the second after Cairo in number of the Islamic monuments.

Fig 1.3 Maps showing Rosetta City location and its links with the surroundings, Data Source (El-Raey, Fouda and Gal, 1999), illustrated by (Authors,2019)

Fig 1.2 city location, data source (google maps), illustrated by (authors,2019).

Rosetta is located near the Nile junction (The West Bank of the Rosetta branch) with the Mediterranean Sea, east of Alexandria, which is not further than 15 km. This site has made it available to be one of the main delta exits, where the Rosetta branch was considered as one of the most important transportation routes, especially in the middle age.

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INTRODUCTION

1.1 Why Rosetta • The land of the million palm trees • Where the Nile and the Mediterranean sea meet • It’s the second city after Cairo to retain Islamic monuments • This city has witnessed significant eras that added to its historical value and its culture • But nowadays it is a forgotten city, with its prime age long gone Due to the negligence of the historical monuments, Rosetta’s strong identity started to fade away. • Therefore, losing its image as a touristic city.

Strategic Location

City of million Palms

Islamic Monuments

Historical Value

Rich Culture

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The city was conquered by Menes in the 4th millennium BC during his campaign to unite Upper and Lower Egypt.

270 BC Mameluke Era (15-16th Century) The Mameluke period marked the beginning of Rosetta development. Sultan Qayitbay constructed his fortress at this era.

16-17th Century

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1.2. Rosetta Timeline

3000 BC Roman Era (270 BC) The roman constructed a castle and walls around the city, most likely to protect it from Persian and Nubian invasions

15-16th Century Ottoman Era (16-17th Century) Rosetta became Egypt's closest port to Istanbul and all ships with merchandise from Turkey landed there

French invasion & British occupation (1798) Napoleon and his army invaded Egypt and they found the Rosetta stone, then were defeated by the British and Muhammad Ali

1798 AC

Muhammed Ali Era (1805)

1805 AC

Muhammad 'Ali preferred the development of Alexandria over Rosetta, which wasn’t connected to Cairo on a direct railroad.

Fig 1.2.1 Rosetta’s Historical Timeline, data source (authors, 2020).

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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

1.3 Landmarks Map: As previously mentioned, Rosetta has a considerable historical value and is rich with monuments, specially those dating back to different old islamic eras. Figure (2.12.1) illustrates the main landmarks in Rosetta City, including mosques, houses, museum,.etc.

Fig 1.3.1 Rosetta landmarks map, Data source (General Organization for Physical Planning, 2016)

Most of Rosetta’s monuments are represented in Islamic houses, reaching about 24 houses, dating back mostly to the Ottoman era. Islamic houses are mainly condensed in the Western part of the old region. The city is also famous of its mosques, such as Abou Mandour mosque, Abou Al-Azayem mosque and many others. However, Rosetta suffers from the lack of museums and exhibiting facilities, as it has only one museum, which was anciently a historical house, and this is located at the center of the city in the eastern part of the old region. Another gigantic monument is the Qaiutbay Citadel.

Fig 1.3.2 Rosetta landmarks collage, Data source (author 2020)

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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

1.4 Landmarks Map: The following pictures show the different historical monuments of the city:

Fig.1.4.1 Arab Kulli house “Museum” (Authors, 2019)

Fig.1.4.2 Al-Urabi Mosque (Authors, 2019)

Fig.1.4.5 Abu Alazayem Mosque (Authors, 2019)

Fig.1.4.6 Al-Amasyali house (Authors, 2019).

Fig.1.4.7 Al-Abbasi mosque (Authors, 2019)

Fig.1.4.3 Ramadan House, (Authors, 2019)

Fig.1.4.6 AlMuallaq mosque (Authors, 2019)

Fig.1.4.8 Abou Mandour mosque (Authors, 2019)

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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

1.5 City Image/ Visual Analysis: 1.5.1 Skylines: The skyline of the city is diversified, due to the variety of heights between the various categories of buildings. Skyline scenes overlooking the Nile river, on the main road, is characterized by a huge diversity, due to existence of the high rise buildings, which are up to 15 floors high.

Fig.1.5.1.1 Rosetta’s skyline scene overlooking the Nile River (Authors, 2019).

1.5.2 Elevations: Rosetta is famous for its Islamic architectural style , this is shown in its houses dating back mainly to the Ottoman era, as well as the mosques and many other buildings with islamic style. Some of these were sketched and analyzed to illustrate the main features of Rosetta’s architectural style:

Fig.1.5.2.1 Rosetta’s Museum (Authors, 2019)

Fig.1.5.2.2 Mosque Elevation (Authors, 2019)

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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

1.5 City Image/ Visual Analysis: 1.5.2 Elevations:

Fig.2.14.2.3 Abou Mandour Mosque (Authors, 2019).

Key: 1

Late mameluke minaret

Pencil shaped ottoman minaret

Ottoman dome

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Fig.1.5.2.3 Rosetta’s Church (Authors, 2019).

Hemispherical dome Cufic decorative pattern Islamic decorative pattern Wooden ornamented door Stepped crenellation Iron grill windows Wooden grill ornamented window Mashrabiya

11 12

Late mameluke window Ottoman round window

Pointed arch

Segmented arch

15 16 17

Tri-lobed pointed arch portal (venetian gothic architecture) Mangor brick Recessed façade

Fig.1.5.2.4 Al-Abbasi mosque (Authors, 2019)

White color façade

Portal

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INTRODUCTION

1.5 City Image/ Visual Analysis: 1.5.3 Street Views Analysis: Social Communication

Historical Houses

Roofs used as storages Street Vegetation

Hawkers/ Vendors Street Lighting Poor conditioned Fig.1.5.3.1 Street Views and Analysis (Authors, 2019) Streets

2.14.4 Center of the City:

Museum

Monumental Park

Small Retails

Government al Buildings

High Rise Building

Police Station

Residential

Fig.1.5.3.2 City Center Analysis (Authors, 2020)

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INTRODUCTION

1.6 Socio-Economic Studies: The last population analysis that have been gathered for Rosetta was from 1996, and the population isiestimated by1calculating the1growth1rate which is 2.1 in this case, as shown in the charts below. 250000 200000

220000

Male Female Total

165000

150000 99,454 100000

97,06 0

101,545 99,097

110000

55000

50000 0

200,642

Male Female Total

196,514

Year 2005 Population

Fig. 1.6.1 Rosetta Population in 2005, Data source: (Central Agency for Public Mobilization & Statistics, 2007), Illustrated by (Authors, 2019)

Year 2006 Population

Fig. 1.6.2 Rosetta Population in 2006, Data source: (Central Agency for Public Mobilization & Statistics, 2007), Illustrated by (Authors, 2019)

Workforce Analysis

Workforce Analysis: 21% of workforce work in agriculture 29% of workforce work in industrial sector including ship industry, food industry, wood work and bricks industry - 14% work in Tourism. - 12% work in local administrative units. - 24% of workforce work in handcrafts. Illiteracy Percentage

Agriculture Industry Tourism Aministration Handcrafts

24% 21% 12%

29%

14%

Fig. 1.6.3: Rosetta workforce Analysis, Data source: (Central Agency for Public Mobilization & Statistics, 2007), Illustrated by (Authors, 2019)

Poverty Analysis

22%

25% 75%

78% City

Rural

Fig. 1.6.4: Illiteracy Percentage, Data source: (Central Agency for Public Mobilization & Statistics, 2007), Illustrated by (Authors, 2019)

Below the poverty line Over the poverty line Fig. 1.6.5: Poverty Analysis, Data source: (Central Agency for Public Mobilization & Statistics, 2007), Illustrated by (Authors, 2019)

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INTRODUCTION

1.7 Common Problems Red Brick Industry

Palm Trees Industry

Unemployment

Ship Production

Heritage Deterioration

Immigration

Fig.1.7.1 Common Problems illustration, (Authors,2020)

Problem of ship Production Fig.1.7.2 ship production in Rosetta, (Authors,2020)

Unemployment Fig.1.7.5 unemployment, (Youth Minister", 2019)

According to site visit and some of the interviews conducted there, it was clear that Rosetta is a special city with unique characteristics due to many things including its valuable resources, agriculture, culture and heritage, so if these resources were thought of properly, the suitable project will be found and will succeed. So the common problems are listed briefly then accordingly we reach the main problem we chose to focus on and the project suitable for it.

Red bricks industry Fig.1.7.3 brick industry n in Rosetta, (Authors,2020)

3.1.5. Immigration Fig.1.7.6 Illegal immigration, (Youth Minister", 2019)

Palm Trees Industry Fig.1.7.4 palm planting in Rosetta, (Authors,2020)

3.1.5. Sea Level Rise Fig.1.7.7 Sea Level Rise, (Authors, 2020)

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INTRODUCTION

1.7.1 Main Problem Heritage and Culture Problem Rosetta is considered the largest city containing Islamic monuments after Cairo. Rosetta varies in historical sites, including 22 historical houses, 12 mosques, the mill of Abu Shaheen, the gate of Abu Rish, the bath of Azzouz in the city of Rosetta and Qaitbay Castle in the village of Burj Rashid and the King's Palace in the village of Edfina. Also, Burj Rashid is considered one of the most important historical places out there, as it contains Qaitbay castle which follows the design of Alexandrian Qaitbay castle and is the place where Rosetta stone was discovered. All of that besides the monuments that are stored because there’s no place made for their display. So this is the main problem that concerned us because Rosetta is now very neglected by the government, thus losing the title of being one of the most touristic cities in Egypt.

Fig.1.7.1.1, Landmarks around Rosetta, (Authors, 2020)

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INTRODUCTION

1.8 Problem Statement So the main problem we decided to focus on is the heritage deterioration in Rosetta, as it has lots of monuments and one of the richest history and culture which has been gained from the ancestors of the city throughout the ages, so it already has a strong identity. But this identity was weakened by the negligence and lack of marketing which caused the culture to fade away with all its history. So our vision is ensuring the continuity of heritage by preserving culture and history and promoting tourism. Despite Rosetta’s historical and geographical value, tourism is very weak and does not contribute to the city’s economy.

1.9 Scope According to what was mentioned before, the proposed project is mainly dealing with the heritage deterioration in Rosetta and trying to save monuments and display them in a presentable way by creating “Rosetta Heritage Complex” that is going to make people explore Rosetta’s history in an interesting way through interactive spaces and galleries and then participating themselves in activities related to Rosetta. This will encourage the people of Rosetta to develop their work and give them a sense of belonging to the project.

1.10 Main Keywords of the project: Exploration

Interaction

Experience

User Interaction The phases of the project and how the user experiences it are:

Historical Timeline

Interactive Spaces

Workshops

Communication and Entertainment

1.11 Target Group

Tourists

Crafts Men

60 %

20%

Youth 20 %

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INTRODUCTION

1.12 Project Main Components Historical Sector

Sunken Monuments

Narrative “Storytelling"

Conservation Labs

Auditorium

Entertainment Sector

Bazars

Fig.(1.12.1), Illustration of project main components, (Authors, 2019)

1.13 Project Objectives • Revive Rosetta’s Heritage and preserve its culture. • Raising the sense of belonging of the residents by making them participate in all the activities. • Making Rosetta a touristic city and emphasizing its tourism plan. • Making people learn by interactive methods. • Leaving the visitors with a memorable experience. • Embrace the local crafts activities and showcase it in our workshops. • Making new touristic plans attraction plans. • To enhance the social, economic, and environmental standards of the city.

CULTURAL APPROACH Aiming to ensure the preservation of Rosetta’s culture

TOURISTIC APPROACH Tourists will be able to see Rosetta from different aspects.

SOCIAL APPROACH

Community will participate in the activities.

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SITE ANALYSIS

1.14 Sites location: Key: Noise Positive view Negative view Selected Sites City Center Main Road

Fig.1.14.1 Sites locations, Data source (Google Earth), illustrated by (Authors, 2019).

Site 2 Area: 10,000m2

Site 1 Area: 11,000m2

Site 3 Area: 18,700m2

• This fig 1.14.1 how that all sites are in strategic locations, each one has a focal point, view, and landmark . As site 1 is near Abu Mandur mosque, site 2 is next to Qaitbay Fortress and residential area, and for site 3 it is located near intersection of Nile and Mediterranean, surrounded by vacant lands. • All the three sites is located on main street, which is Albahr Alazam road, and have the view of Nile. 1

Fig.1.14.2. Sea view, (Authors 2019).

Fig.1.14.3. Qaitbay Fortress, (Authors 2019).

Fig.1.14.4. Abu mandour Mosque, (Authors 2019).

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SITE ANALYSIS

1.15 Sites analysis: 1.15.1 Solid & Void Map:

Site 1

Legend: Solid Void

Site 2

Site 3

As shown in site 3, the entire area is almost empty also is the site, with very few buildings surrounded the site. This add a potential point to site. As a result, to this there can be future expansion to the project.

1.15.2 Building Heights Map:

Site 1

Legend: 1-3 Floors 4-6 Floors.

Site 2

Site 3

As shown in site3, all the buildings height of the surroundings are maximum two floors only, which is under construction buildings or mixed use. That will help project to have a good visual and remarkable sight from far.

1.15.3 Building Conditions Map:

Site 1

Legend: Good Cond. Moderate Poor Cond.

Site 2

Site 3

As shown in site 3, there is barely any buildings in poor condition just a few with small percentage 20% located near Nile. However, most of the buildings in site one is in moderate condition and they are mixed use, residential, and industry buildings that can be renovation. Fig.2.4.1 Sites analysis, Data source (Google Earth), illustrated by (Authors, 2020).

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SITE ANALYSIS

1.15.4 Street Hierarchy Map:

Site 1 Legend: Main Roads Secondary Roads

Site 2

Site 3

As shown in site 3 (Fig.4.3.1.1.), there is only one main street, which called (Albahr alaazam road). Width of main street is 15m, on the other hand the secondary street is not asphalted, unknown, and only has access from main street with width of 6m.

1.15.5 Land Use Map:

Site 1

Site 2

Legend: Green Areas

Mixed-Use

Residential

Religious

Industry.

Educational

Historical

Site 3

As shown in site 3 (Fig.4.3.2.1.), there is barely any buildings in this site, very few residential buildings, couple of governmental facilities, and workshops/ industries. These industries and factories could be a threat to the project. Also, the site is surrounded by vacant lands from all sides.

1.16 Conclusion The site has very strong strategic location with direct view and access to the Nile, as well as being close to an attractive spot under the sea. It also has flexibility for future expansions. On the other hand, it lacks in transportation, and has limited accessibility. Moreover, it is also surrounded by some governmental buildings which could limit the project.

Fig.2.4.1 Sites analysis, Data source (Google Earth), illustrated by (Authors, 2020).

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SITE ANALYSIS

1.17 Site Selection Criteria: It was significant to set a fixed criteria to choose the perfect sites that could be compatible for this project and its alterable needs; so that the project and its location can influence the surrounding environment directly & indirect. 1.17.1 Criteria 1. Residence.

Site 3

Site 2

Site 1

2. Landmarks. Criteria

3. Views. 4. Accessibility.

5. Flexibility.

1.18 SWOT Analysis on site 3 :

S T R E N G T H

- Strategic Geographical location, with Nile and sea view. - Very close to the underwater lost city monuments - Far from traffic areas

O P P O R T U N I T I E S

W E A K N E S S

- Visual point of the intersection between the Mediterranean Sea and the River Nile - Increase of tourism rate - Flexibility of future expansion

- Far from residence - Surrounded by industries - Insufficient transportation - Surrounded by governmental buildings

T H R E A T S

- Illegal immigration spot - Site doesn't have enough services - Noises from industrial zone - High tides

Fig.1.18.1 Site 1 SWOT Analysis, (google earth, 2019).

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MAIN PROGRAM

1.19 MAIN COMPONENTS: PROCESS OF EXPLORING AND LEARNING ABOUT ROSETTA

Historical Timeline and info.

Learning by Interactive spaces.

Workshops Communication and and entertainment Training

1.20 PROGRAM : Main Zones

Sub Zones

• • •

Administrati • on • • • •

Main Lobby Waiting Area Offices: Secret ary Manag er IT Archive HR Cafeteria Toilets Ticket Office Security Booth Storage

No. of Spaces

Capacity (no. of Persons)

Area Per User(m 2)

Area (m2)

1 1

200 100

0.5 0.9

100 90

2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1

2 1 2 2 2

6.7 25 -

2x 14 25 15 15 15 30 2x 30 30 15 25

1.2

Description

Administration that manages the building and how it operates.

450 1.2

total: 540m2

1.5 -

2x 37.5 2x 30 4x 30

TOTAL Circulation Factor • Gallery • Gift Shops • Bazars Commercial/ TOTAL Retail Circulation Factor

2 2 4

25 -

255 1.2

total: 306m2

Selling the products that are done in the workshops and souvenirs for Rosetta.

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Historical Sector

• • • •

Main Lobby Exhibition Display Galley Interactive Space Restoration Labs Control Room Storage Toilets Gathering Area

MAIN PROGRAM 1 3 1 3

50 25 50 25

2 2 2 1

3.5 2.5 2.5 12

6x 60 1.5 -

TOTAL

• • • Cultural Sector

• • • •

Main Lobby Exhibition Interactive Space Workshops for training Outdoor Theatre Control Room Cafeteria Gathering Space Toilets Gift Shops

1.2

total: 2470m2

1 1 3

50 25 25

0.5 2.5 12

25 62.5 3x 300

4x 100

100

2.5

250

1 1

30 100

2 3

6 -

1.5 -

2x 12 3x 20

TOTAL

1900

Circulation Factor

• • • • Auditorium

Theatre Control Room Library MPU

1 1 1 2

200 150 100

1.2

total: 2282m2

2.5 1.2 1.2

500 50 180 2x 120

TOTAL Circulation Factor

2x 50 2x 25 2x 30 100 2,060

Circulation Factor

• • •

175 3x 62.5 125 3x 300

970 1.2

total: 1165m2

Background Information about Rosetta, How it evolved through history and the events happened in it. Also showing some monuments and virtual reality Interactive spaces.

Showing background information about the social life of the people of Rosetta and their works and crafts in an interactive way, to catch their attention and stay in their memory.

Showing the culture and heritage of old Rosetta.

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• Gathering Area • Children Zone (IndoorOutdoor) • Recreational Area • Restaurant • Cafeteria • Walkway on the shore • Observation Tower Entertainm • Toilets ent Sector • Marina (With Water Activities) • Finger Piers • Pontoon • Lockers room

MAIN PROGRAM 1 1

100 25

100 300

1.2

1 1 1

50 30 -

1.5 1.5 -

75 45 -

2 1

1.5 -

2x 25 -

30 660

TOTAL Circulation Factor

Diving Centre

• Lobby • Storage • Changing Rooms • Shower Cabinets

Area for people to relax and enjoy different activities.

1.2

total: 792m2

1 3 6

15 1

0.5 0.9

7.5 3x 20 6x 0.9

0.5

6x 0.5

TOTAL Circulation Factor

TOTAL BUILT UP AREA

76 1.2

total: 92m2

A diving center for the users to get equipped to go and dive at the monuments under the Mediterranean sea.

7650m2

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DESIGN APPROACH

2.1 Inspiration WTC building, Abu Dhabi by Norman Foster pattern façade inspiration

S.Deer headquarters by Prechteck Masses inspiration

Fig.2.1.1 stacked Mashrabiyas showing its various designs in WTC in Abu Dhabi , (archdaily.com,2014), illustrated by (Authors 2020)

Twisted, frames inspiration Fig.2.1.2 Collage of Rosetta’s Islamic buildings inspiration, (Rosetta’s statistic center ), illustrated by (Authors 2020)

Rosetta Monuments façade elements inspiration

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DESIGN APPROACH

2.2Mission Egypt has always been a major icon in the middle east and the whole world known for its historical background, events and monuments. As the definition of heritage and culture can varies from a topic to another, people with no heritage background are as similar as a tree with no roots. However, when it comes to architecture the power and the function of the building speaks silently defining the story needed to be observed. Consequently, reflecting the identity of the place on the building in order to visualize its heritage. Rosetta, the second city after Cairo to retain Islamic monuments has witnessed significant era’s that added to its cultural and historical value throughout the ages. However, nowadays all these historical monuments are neglected and needs to be preserved again. Therefore, reviving its culture. Leading to different aspects that need to be achieved thus, to be able to follow the sequent of this process both the community and touristic have to be involved in one project. Rosetta Heritage Complex, a place that gather among heritage culture and knowledge about Rosetta’s historical background. This project will act as a catalyst not only in Rosetta but also in Egypt and the Middle East as it will target touristic groups from different ages to enhance the people’s knowledge on Rosetta, as it turned out to be a rich city full of stories, events, monuments and traditions that differ uniquely from any other city.

2.3 Objectives • By having a heritage complex in Rosetta as a main catalyst in the city, touristic approach will be the main direct objective needed to be achieved as the project will be full of galleries, activities, narrative story telling space, sunken monuments center and bazars that will target huge number of visitors. • Aiming to enhance indirectly both the labor workforce and economy in Rosetta as people participating in this project will have the opportunity to enhance their knowledge on the city they live in, create handmade crafts from what they are known for “ palm trees’’ for the bazars and preserve their own traditions. • Raising the city’s economy as being part of a sustainable process where a catalyst will attract tourism leading to economy enhancement that will later on affect the city positively where more enhancement could be achieved. • Reviving and preserving Rosetta’s neglected historical Islamic buildings in a resilient way in order not to be forgotten again to gain back its true cultural identity.

Cultural approach

Touristic approach

Community approach

Economy approach

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DESIGN APPROACH

2.4 Concepts Development 2.4.1 Concept 1

2.4.2 Concept 2

Staggered, Stacked yet scattered

Geological Formation cells Inspired from the geological formation of the land from the Nile. Reflecting the main vein of the Nile with several masses attached to it to fill the void created from the Nile on the land. Therefore, using multiple cells and attach them together to form the main shell structure of the building making sure that the link among the cells contain a water purification system that can be used for the whole building. Thus, linking between main veins of the city: Heritage Resources culture

Following the Islamic traditions the first concept is inspired from various designs of Mashrabiya found in most of the Islamic buildings in Rosetta. Linking it with the traditional craft of palm leaf due to its similar pattern that reflect the place’s heritage. Concluding staggered, stacked yet scattered. Where it is staggered in the façade, stacked in pattern and scattered in the plan masses

Fig.2.4.1.1 Stacked various pattern, (Authors,2020).

Fig.2.4.1.2 Palm leaf pattern, (Authors, 2020).

Fig2.4.1.3 Staggered Masses in elevation showing activities, (Authors, 2020).

Fig2.4.2.1 shell sketches in 3d, (Authors, 2020). Fig2.4.1.4 Staggered Masses in 3d, (Authors, 2020).

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2.4 Concepts Development

2.4.3 Concept 3 A gateway through heritage Abu l Reesh gate : during the Mameluke era, Rosetta witnessed a prosperity and became one of the most commercial centers in the Mediterranean. Therefore, it became the main target for invaders and aggressors. As a result the Mameluke sultan Qinsawah el Ghory ordered to construct a fortifying wall that surrounds Rosetta from the east to the west to be fully protected. Taking into consideration, the extension of New Rosetta plan that will be part of the old Rosetta known is the main site of our project the heritage complex. Therefore, being inspired from the historical gate an idea was generated from the gateway concept and was translated into our modern world reflecting a new gateway that welcomes people from around the world to explore and learn more about Rosetta’s neglected history, heritage and culture to learn from the past and create for the future. As it is located at the edge of the city and act as a main catalyst to all Rosetta attracting the main target group “Tourism” . Thus, using Abu l Reesh gate as a main inspiration taking its Islamic feature “the Arch” to symbolize the new complex concept forming multiple frames from the arch morphology creating multiple cubes with different rotations giving the user a special experience of a gateway through heritage.

Fig2.4.2.3 Rosetta stone, (Authors, 2020).

Fig2.4.2.3 gateway abstraction, (Authors, 2020).

Forming interlocking masses that connect all 3 categories past, present, future according to main functions reflecting heritage, culture and modernism

Fig2.4.2.3 rotated masses, (Authors, 2020).

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DESIGN APPROACH

2.5 Plan Development

1st Form

3rd Form

2nd Form

Final Form

Fig2.5.1 plan generation, (Authors, 2020).

2.6 Masses Development 1

Fig2.6.1 Mass 1, (Authors, 2020).

Fig2.6.2 Mass 2, (Authors, 2020).

Fig2.6.3Mass 3, (Authors, 2020).

Fig2.6.4 Mass 4, (Authors, 2020).

Fig2.6.5 Mass 5, (Authors, 2020).

Fig2.6.6 Final mass design, (Authors, 2020).

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1st JURY

2.7 Project Development Site analysis

Historical Sector

Sunken Monuments

Narrative “Storytelling"

Conservation Labs

Auditorium

Entertainment Sector

Bazars

Concept 1

Staggered, Stacked Yet Scattered

Inspirations

Technological

Fig2.7.1 Jury 1, (Authors, 2020).

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1st JURY

Concept 2

Geological Formation Cells

Concept 3

A Gateway Through Heritage

Fig2.7.2 Jury 1, (Author, 2020).

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2nd JURY

2.7 Project Development Preliminary plan

Zoning

Preliminary sections

3D Shots

Fig2.7.3 Jury 2, (Author, 2020).

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3rd JURY

2.7 Project Development Site analysis

Master plan

Layout

Circulation

Visual axis

First floor plan

Second floor plan

Fig2.7.4 Jury 3, (Author, 2020).

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3rd JURY 3D shots

Sections

Main shot

Main Elevation

Back Elevation

Fig2.7.5 Jury 3, (Author, 2020).

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4th JURY

2.7 Project Development Site analysis

Concept

Concept statement A gateway through heritage

Form development

Concept inspired from the historical gate an idea was generated from the gateway concept and was translated into our modern world reflecting a new gateway that welcomes people from around the world to explore and learn more about Rosetta’s neglected history, heritage and culture to learn from the past and create for the future. As it is located at the edge of the city and act as a main catalyst to all Rosetta attracting the main target group “Tourism” . Thus, using Abu l Reesh gate as a main inspiration taking its Islamic feature “the Arch” to symbolize the new complex concept forming multiple frames from the arch morphology creating multiple cubes with different rotations giving the user a special experience of a gateway through heritage. Fig2.7.6 Jury 4, (Author, 2020).

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4th JURY

First floor plan

Circulation

Second floor plan

Structure System Analysis

Plan

Steel frames

Environmental

Fig2.7.7 Jury 4, (Author, 2020).

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4th JURY

Original building

The new rotated structure

Case study

The rotation of the mass The sunflower effect is achieved by combining two movements: the rotation of the building itself, 180 ° throughout the day, and the rotation of the photovoltaic roof hood, to ensure a 90o inclination of this surface relative to the position of the sun. The building envelope is rotated forming a perfect cube shape opposing the real mass by hydraulic lift structure that is connected to the 4 edges of the cube shell preventing the mass inclination from the south sun to minimize the heat load formed in that direction. Creating a new shaded space formed on the roof of the building that can be accessible by the user for outdoor roof activities where it act as an observatory high space visualizing the old and new Rosetta as long with the sea and Nile intersection Fig2.7.8 Jury 4, (Author, 2020).

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Layout

4th JURY Main Elevation

Back Elevation Bridge

Side Elevation Back shot

Main 3D shot

3D shot

Fig2.7.9 Jury 4, (Author, 2020).

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FINAL DEVELOPMENT

2.8 Final Development Site analysis

Concept Statement Abu l Reesh gate : during the Mameluke era, Rosetta witnessed a prosperity and became one of the most commercial centers in the Mediterranean. Therefore, it became the main target for invaders and aggressors. As a result the Mameluke sultan Qinsawah el Ghory ordered to construct a fortifying wall that surrounds Rosetta from the east to the west to be fully protected. Taking into consideration, the extension of New Rosetta plan that will be part of the old Rosetta known is the main site of our project the heritage complex. Therefore, being inspired from the historical gate an idea was generated from the gateway concept and was translated into our modern world reflecting a new gateway that welcomes people from around the world to explore and learn more about Rosetta’s neglected history, heritage and culture to learn from the past and create for the future. As it is located at the edge of the city and act as a main catalyst to all Rosetta attracting the main target group “Tourism” . Thus, using Abu l Reesh gate as a main inspiration taking its Islamic feature “the Arch” to symbolize the new complex concept forming multiple frames from the arch morphology creating multiple cubes with different rotations giving the user a special experience of a gateway through heritage. Concept Form

Rotated masses

Fig2.8.1 final development, (Author, 2020).

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FINAL DEVELOPMENT

2.8 Final Development Plans Development

Site Area

Site Axonometric

Plot Area : 18,700m² Foot print: 5230m² Built Up: 7530m²

Pharaonic & Batlimic Era (3000 BC)

Roman Era (270 BC)

Mameluke Era (15-16th Century)

Ottoman Era (16-17th Century)

110m² 170m²

French & British Invasions (1798)

2.8.6 Self shaded masses during different time intervals

Muhammed Ali Era (1805) Fig2.8.2 final development, (Author, 2020).

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FINAL DEVELOPMENT

Master Plan

Fig2.8.3 plans final development, (Author, 2020).

First Floor Plan

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FINAL DEVELOPMENT

Layout

Structure system

The use of steel frame that consists of vertical columns and horizontal beams in a rectilinear grid that are hinged, bolted or welded together. Steel beams are horizontal structural elements which resist laterally applied loads to their axis. Columns are vertical members of the structure which transfer compressive loads. To form the building skeleton. Braces are added to resist wind load as the Fig2.8.4 final development, (Author, 2020). mass is slanted.

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DESIGN CONSIDERATION 3D Zoning

Axonometric Analysis

Fig2.8.5 design zoning , (Author, 2020).

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DESIGN CONSIDERATION Design Consideration

Main Spine Axis

Visual Axis

View Axis

Fig2.8.6 design consideration , (Author, 2020).

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DESIGN CONSIDERATION Ventilation Analysis

Climatic Analysis

Fig2.8.7 design consideration , (Author, 2020).

Sea View

Khmasin wind

Prevailing wind

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DESIGN CONSIDERATION Vertical Circulation

Ramp Circulation Stairs Circulation

Horizontal Circulation

Main Pathway

Galleries Circulation

Fig2.8.8 design consideration , (Author, 2020).

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DESIGN CONSIDERATION Design Considerations Handicap Ramps

The use of ramps in the outdoor and indoor circulation of the galleries with a slope of 1:20 or 1:15 according to the mass length in order to ease the circulation of a wheel chair .

Toilet

Toilet room dimension is 1.5m with a door that opens outside to ease the movement of a wheel chair

Fig2.8.9 design consideration , (Author, 2020).

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DESIGN CONSIDERATION Emergency Evacuation Plan

Vegetation Analysis

Fig2.8.10 design consideration , (Author, 2020).

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FINAL DEVELOPMENT

Main Elevation

Back Elevation

North West Side

South East Side

3D Shot

Fig2.8.11 Elevations, (Author, 2020).

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FINAL DEVELOPMENT

Section A-A

Section B-B

Section C-C

Site Section

3D Shot

Fig2.8.12 Sections, (Author, 2020).

Main Shot 1

Main Shot 2

Bird Eye View

Fig2.8.13 3d shots, (Author, 2020).

3D Shots

Fig2.8.14 3d shots, (Author, 2020).

3D Shots

Fig2.8.15 3d shots, (Author, 2020).

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CONSTRUCTION

3.1 Methods of Constructions : 3.1.1 Precast Flat Panel • For large masses, Using Precast Flat Panel Modules construction method to achieve a good quality, high efficiency, and civil works will not be taken on site. The workload on site is slight and the construction period is shortened. Resulting in a fast construction speed. 3.1.2 3d volumetric units • For small masses, The whole 3D units are manufactured using required construction and building materials in controlled factory settings. After precast panel, assembled together creating the whole unit Finished units are transported to site for assembly in different modules, • basic structural blocks or final touched-up units with all the amenities installed. 3.1.3 Material Strength : The structure of the grid frame steel transmits the load by the axial force of the rod members, thus making full use of the material strength which not only saves steel but also reduces its own weight. 3.1.4 Use of Panelized method This method is used when creating building components in the factory ( walls, roofs, floor system) and assembled together in the site. • Adding the pre-casted windows, doors, green roof • The facade material will also be added by using skin techniques of installing it on the modular unit 3.1.5 structural fabrication: The six sides of the unit are built and attached together to form the structure. • Framing : Walls, floors, windows, and doors take shape. • Assembly: Walls and flooring sections, fabricated at a different station, are added to the unit. • MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing): Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing utilities are added. • Exterior: The exterior of the unit is completed by panelized method. • Interior: Flooring, appliances, and all other interior finishes are added to form a completed unit Fig3.1.5.1 axonometric sketch, (Author, 2020).

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CONSTRUCTION

3.2 Materials 3.2.1 Use of Clear-Shade Panelite •

In glazing, the use of an angular selective technology whose honeycomb structure works like a very small series of louvers, in a cellular rather than linear form. Combined with a proprietary polymer composition, this structure provides the unique advantage of dynamic performance – enhanced solar heat protection at peak hours – without the dramatic visible light reduction that occurs with other dynamic technologies such as switchable glass. In a single product, honeycomb technology optimizes both daylighting and solar heat gain control by transmitting and diffusing valuable visible light while reflecting unwanted solar heat.

•

Glass LITES • Clear, tinted • laminated glass • Coating performance • Surface treatment Clear Shade Insert • Color • Cell diameter • Insert thickness Unit Configuration • Double or tripled glazed • Airspace size , Fillers • Sightline • Spacer material

MORE LIGHT Redirect visible light • •

Solar peak hours : heat gain 15% Off peak hours : heat gain 25% - 35% LESS HEAT - Reflects solar heat -Reduce energy consumption

BETTER LIGHT Diffuse visible light to reduce glare

Fig3.2.1.1 glaze detail analysis, (Author, 2020).

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CONSTRUCTION

Clear Shade Panelite properties • •

•

Redirects light rays to transmit up to 70 percent of daylight and significantly diffuse glare, reduces the energy required for electrical lighting and improves user comfort While most building envelope solutions prefer daylighting or solar heat control at the expense of the other, ClearShade addresses both, with a 75 percent increase in solar heat gain control, with Solar Heat Gain Coefficients as low as 0.07 at midday to reduce HVAC requirements and improve energy efficiency. Transparency + Views / User Comfort

Used in the openings, glazed masses Fig3.2.1.1 glaze detail in 3d, (Author, 2020).

3.2.2 Retractable roofs / walls of Libart •

Named as Evolution freestanding, these are designed to provide an operational multi-purpose extension to an existing building or building. With the integration of evolution freestanding retractable roof that is designed to be easily opened and closed, the flexibility of an outdoor or indoor living area within the same area can be achieved. The operation may be manual or motorized, using a system for structural safety and operational ease. This structure will be used in the main entrance plaza where a transparent wall structure is formed.

•

Prefabricated then installed in site

Fig3.2.2.1 retractable roof design, (Author, 2020). Fig3.2.2.2 retractable roof in plan, (Author, 2020).

Largest modules at the end

Largest modules at the middle

Largest modules at the fixed end

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CONSTRUCTION

3.2.3 Use of SAF solar activated façade material • A cladding system that convert the building to a highly performance envelope. • Its save lots of energy as it act as an insulation material when actually it just has the ability to absorb and retain the sun energy • In Winter months, SAF reduces the building’s heat loss; in Summer months, SAF’s uniquely angled wood slats shade the façade from direct solar impact helping the building to stay cool. • Giving the Mashrabiyas feeling and color as long with a sufficient usage • SAF can be installed on any structural wall system, whether it is a light frame stud wall, a heavy wall • The wood will not turn colors or fade like a wood siding exposed to the UV and rain. Static R-Value

Hydraulic Connection

Air Cavity Insulation Layer

Fig3.2.3.1 SAF in bridge, (Author, 2020).

• A cladding system that convert the building to a highly performance envelope. • Its save lots of energy as it act as an insulation material when actually it just has the ability to absorb and retain the sun energy

Unglazed solar thermal collector Radiant Wall

Use of S.D.F Panels for external cladding Dynamic R-Value Fig3.2.3.2 SAF example, (archdaily, 2017).

Fig3.2.3.3 SAF wall section, (author, 2020).

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CONSTRUCTION

3.2.4. Glazed floor for the underground monument

Fig3.2.4.2 glazed floor in section, (author, 2020).

Fig3.2.4.1 glazed floor in plan, (author, 2020).

3.2.5 Structure Details

I - Beam Cladding / Foundation Detail Slanted Beam Foundation Detail

Fish Tail

Angle

I Beam Column

Base Plate

Fig3.2.5.1 structure detail section, (author, 2020).

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CONSTRUCTION

3.2.6 Wall Section

Sandwich Panel Detail S.D.F. Cladding

Galvanized Steel Gutter

Moisture Insulation Metal sheets Purlin Insulation Aluminum sheet Gypsum Board I- Beam Mullion I- steel section Double Glazing Panel S.D.F Panels Cavity Insulation Aluminum sheets Continuous insulation

Fig3.2.6.1. main wall section of slanted wall, (author, 2020).

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STRUCTURE

4.1 Steel Frame Structure:

Structure In Plan Grid Frame Steel

Steel Frames Secondary Beams Fig4.1.1 structure frames in plan, (author, 2020).

4.1.1 Structure In 3D

Fig4.1.1.1 structure system in 3d (author, 2020).

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STRUCTURE

Use:

The use of steel frames in the whole project to create both the slanted and the straight masses easily with a span coverage of 35m as a maximum without adding other supporters. In order to ease the inner circulation and the user experience among the galleries and to have the doubled height space in each mass.

Design:

This skeleton provides the foundation for the structure's roof, floors and walls. There are three primary types of building systems with structural steel. These are the form of the clear-span rigid frames, the flexible structural frames and the design of the single slope frames. Each is used differently according to the mass design and rotation.

Fig4.1.1.2 axonometric of masses, (author, 2020).

Benefits:

• Span more than 35m length creating a wide internal space. • Can be made of recycled contents. • Create complex building shape. • It is possible to create holes in it for ducts, pipes and MEP systems. • Many innovative coating materials can be added to extend the life of exposed members. • Easily constructed. • Fire resistant but not heat resistant therefore, it needs special treatments to withstand critical situation.

Fig4.1.1.3 design of column, (author, 2020).

Fig4.1.1.4 mass design in section, (author, 2020).

4.2 Folded plate structure

Use/ Design:

Fig4.2.1, outdoor shed in 3d, (author, 2020).

Used in the outdoor as a shading covering structure for the entertainment zones

Benefits:

• Act environmentally as a shading structure. • Long span coverage • A thin-walled structure that has a movable form work • Simple Designing calculations

Fig4.2.2, outdoor shed sketch, (author, 2020).

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SUSTAINABILITY 5.1 Social sustainability As part of the target groups of the project is crafts men and youth, they are directly involved in the social sustainability as the project will play a very important role in Rosetta allowing crafts men and youth to participate in the bazars and workshops to enhance their talents and to raise awareness on their forgotten heritage. Therefore, achieving social sustainability where the culture itself would develop itself continuously as long as the three main target groups are working in parallel.

5.1.1 Open spaces: Creating a utilize spaces, zones, and designs along with a considerable cultural facilities, will lead to an interaction places, these places could be located in small vacant lands or spaces in buildings, all this will help in achieving social sustainability

5.1.2 Sustainable consumption: Develop and implement mechanisms to track the impacts of sustainable tourism on sustainable development which create jobs For the local people to participate in the workshop and bazars that will be provided in project and promote local culture and products. So this will be indicated in number of sustainable tourism policies and plans with agreed monitoring and assessment instruments.

5.2 Economical sustainability As the main target group is tourism the project will act as a catalyst as its on the edge of New Rosetta city that is under construction therefore, such project will enhance tourism in Rosetta as its yet not discovered by many people and its not the main touristic approach in Egypt. Thus, Rosetta Heritage Complex will act as the main attraction of the city for touristic allowing more people to explore Rosetta; enhancing the economy of the city.

5.2.1 New opportunities: The proposed project is intended to help create new markets and opportunities for the local people in Rosetta, so that they can increase their daily income

5.2.2 Using Solar Activated Façade and Paneilite Glazing : Installation of S.D.F. panels and panelite glazing to sustain the building need of power. enhancing the building on the economic level and to reduce the running cost of the building itself.

5.2.3 Good Jobs & Economic Growth: Development and implement of sustainable tourism policies, which create jobs and promote local culture and products, so this will lead to indicate the average proportion of GDP and the growth rate, tourism that lead to GDP.

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SUSTAINABILITY 5.3 Environmental sustainability The idea of sustainable environmental conditions is to make the buildings and surrounding environment look as good and integrated as we can for the comfort, health, performance of current and future generations. According to a definition, human activities can only be carried out or maintained indefinitely with environmental sustainability, without any damaging effect on natural resources or nature. 5.3.1 Use of S.D.F Panels for external cladding • A cladding system that convert the building to a highly performance envelope. • Its save lots of energy as it act as an insulation material when actually it just has the ability to absorb and retain the sun energy

5.3.2 Use of courts: in the plaza for good, natural ventilation among the crowded areas

5.3.3 Use of movable skin: to create a right angled shape above the sloped roof that act as direct heat breaker to minimize the heat load directed on that area

Use of clear shade panelite glazing that reduces the energy required for electrical lighting and improves user comfort

Movable skin Hydraulic lifts

Fig5.3.1.1, SDF panels, (author, 2020).

Fig5.3.3.1, hydraulic lift system, (author, 2020)

Fig5.3.2.1, panelite glass, (author, 2020).

5.3.4 Elevated land: To prevent the mass from any consecutive floods as the project is located in front of the Nile Addition of green wall belts on the 3m height elevated land as greens enhance the efficiency of protecting the land from floods where it absorb good amount of water reducing the impact or disruption of the flood Shields Building Structure Energy Cost Reduction

Green walls

Improved Air Quality

Sustainable

Visual Benefits

3m height

Fig5.3.4.1, green wall , (author, 2020).

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT 6.1 Environmental Aspect

Rotated masses orientation cause a self shading spaces among the masses in different time intervals creating natural shade within the main plaza achieving comfort among visitors

Fig 6.1.1, self shaded masses , (author, 2020).

The use of courts among the plaza to create a good ventilation in the crowded zones

Fig 6.1.2, courts ventilation, (author, 2020).

Location of the rotated masses facing the north and north east where the Nile view is to enable the maximum amount of direct sunlight without the need of external treatments

Use of palm trees in the north and north east direction where the entrance is located while using Acacia Tree an Evergreen/Shading Tree put in south and west to prevent sun height up to 15m

Fig 6.1.3, building orientation, (author, 2020).

Fig 6.1.3, vegetation types, (author, 2020).

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FURTHER STUDIES

7.1 Building envelope rotation (skin rotation) Known as the sunflower effect which is achieved by the rotation of the photovoltaic roof hood, to ensure a 90o inclination of this surface relative to the position of the sun (an angle that optimizes PV production) The building envelope is rotated forming a perfect cube shape opposing the real mass by hydraulic lift structure that is connected to the 4 edges of the cube shell preventing the mass inclination from the south sun to minimize the heat load formed in that direction. Creating a new shaded space formed on the roof of the building that can be accessible by the user for outdoor roof activities where it act as an observatory high space visualizing the old and new Rosetta as long with the sea and Nile intersection

Fig 7.1.1 rotated structure, (Inhabitat, 2016).

Fig 7.1.3 mass orientation, (Author, 2020).

Movable skin Hydraulic lifts

Cladding panels Fig 7.1.2 rotated structure lifted, (Inhabitat, 2016).

7.2 Construction : Glazing panels The building would be attached to the concrete base slab below grade that would form the pit ceiling; the external shell would be lifted via hydraulic actuators Much of the hydraulic system equipment Steel frames that could be located below grade in the pit. Fig 7.1.4 Axonometric analysis, (Author, 2020).

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LIST OF FIGURES

INTRODUCTION Fig 1.1 city location, data source (google maps), illustrated by (authors,2019). Fig 1.2 city location, data source (google maps), illustrated by (authors,2019). Fig 1.3 Maps showing Rosetta City location and its links with the surroundings, Data Source (El-Raey, Fouda and Gal, 1999), illustrated by (Authors,2019) Fig 1.2.1 Rosetta’s Historical Timeline, data source (authors, 2020). Fig 1.3.1 Rosetta landmarks map, Data source (General Organization for Physical Planning, 2016) Fig 1.3.2 Rosetta landmarks collage, Data source (author 2020 Fig.1.4.1 Arab Kulli house “Museum” (Authors, 2019) Fig.1.4.2 Al-Urabi Mosque (Authors, 2019) Fig.1.4.3 Ramadan House, (Authors, 2019) Fig.1.4.5 Abu Alazayem Mosque (Authors, 2019 Fig.1.4.6 AlMuallaq mosque (Authors, 2019) Fig.1.4.6 Al-Amasyali house (Authors, 2019). Fig.1.4.7 Al-Abbasi mosque (Authors, 2019) Fig.1.4.8 Abou Mandour mosque (Authors, 2019) Fig.1.5.1.1 Rosetta’s skyline scene overlooking the Nile River (Authors, 2019). Fig.1.5.2.1 Rosetta’s Museum (Authors, 2019 Fig.1.5.2.2 Mosque Elevation (Authors, 2019) Fig.1.5.2.3 Rosetta’s Church (Authors, 2019 Fig.1.5.2.4 Al-Abbasi mosque (Authors, 2019 Fig.1.5.3.1 Street Views and Analysis (Authors, 2019 Fig.1.5.3.2 City Center Analysis (Authors, 2020 Fig. 1.6.1 Rosetta Population in 2005, Data source: (Central Agency for Public Mobilization & Statistics, 2007), Illustrated by (Authors, 2019) Fig. 1.6.2 Rosetta Population in 2006, Data source: (Central Agency for Public Mobilization & Statistics, 2007), Illustrated by (Authors, 2019) Fig. 1.6.3: Rosetta workforce Analysis, Data source: (Central Agency for Public Mobilization & Statistics, 2007), Illustrated by (Authors, 2019 Fig. 1.6.4: Illiteracy Percentage, Data source: (Central Agency for Public Mobilization & Statistics, 2007), Illustrated by (Authors, 2019) Fig. 1.6.5: Poverty Analysis, Data source: (Central Agency for Public Mobilization & Statistics, 2007), Illustrated by (Authors, 2019) Fig.1.7.1 Common Problems illustration, (Authors,2020 Fig.1.7.1 Common Problems illustration, (Authors,2020 Fig.1.7.2 ship production in Rosetta,(Authors,2020 Fig.1.7.3 brick industry n in Rosetta,(Authors,2020) Fig.1.7.4 palm planting in Rosetta,(Authors,2020) Fig.1.7.5 unemployment, (Youth Minister", 2019 Fig.1.7.6 Illegal immigration,(Youth Minister", 2019 Fig.1.7.7 Sea Level Rise,(Authors, 2020) Fig.1.7.1.1, Landmarks around Rosetta,(Authors, 2020) Fig.(1.12.1), Illustration of project main components,(Authors, 2019) Fig.1.14.1 Sites locations, Data source (Google Earth), illustrated by (Authors, 2019). Fig.1.14.2. Sea view, (Authors 2019). Fig.1.14.3. Qaitbay Fortress, (Authors 2019). Fig.1.14.4. Abu mandour Mosque, (Authors 2019). Fig.2.4.1 Sites analysis, Data source (Google Earth), illustrated by (Authors, 2020). Fig.2.4.1 Sites analysis, Data source (Google Earth), illustrated by (Authors, 2020) Fig.1.18.1 Site 1 SWOT Analysis, (google earth, 2019).

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LIST OF FIGURES

DESIGN APPROACH Fig.2.1.1 stacked Mashrabiyas showing its various designs in WTC in Abu Dhabi , (archdaily.com,2014), illustrated by (Authors 2020) Fig.2.1.2 Collage of Rosetta’s Islamic buildings inspiration, (Rosetta’s statistic center ), illustrated by (Authors 2020) Fig.2.4.1.1 Stacked various pattern, (Authors,2020). Fig.2.4.1.2 Palm leaf pattern, (Authors, 2020). Fig2.4.1.3 Staggered Masses in elevation showing activities, (Authors, 2020). Fig2.4.1.4 Staggered Masses in 3d, (Authors, 2020 Fig2.4.2.1 shell sketches in 3d, (Authors, 2020). Fig2.4.2.3 Rosetta stone, (Authors, 2020 Fig2.4.2.3 gateway abstraction, (Authors, 2020 Fig2.4.2.3 rotated masses, (Authors, 2020 Fig2.5.1 plan generation, (Authors, 2020). Fig2.6.1 Mass 1, (Authors, 2020 Fig2.6.2 Mass 2, (Authors, 2020 Fig2.6.3Mass 3, (Authors, 2020 Fig2.6.4 Mass 4, (Authors, 2020 Fig2.6.5 Mass 5, (Authors, 2020). Fig2.6.6 Final mass design, (Authors, 2020). Fig2.7.1 Jury 1, (Authors, 2020). Fig2.7.2 Jury 1, (Author, 2020 Fig2.7.3 Jury 2, (Author, 2020 Fig2.7.4 Jury 3, (Author, 2020 Fig2.7.5 Jury 3, (Author, 2020 Fig2.7.6 Jury 4, (Author, 2020). Fig2.7.7 Jury 4, (Author, 2020). Fig2.7.8 Jury 4, (Author, 2020). Fig2.7.9 Jury 4, (Author, 2020). Fig2.8.1 final development, (Author, 2020 Fig2.8.2 final development, (Author, 2020 Fig2.8.3 plans final development, (Author, 2020). Fig2.8.4 final development, (Author, 2020). Fig2.8.5 design zoning , (Author, 2020 Fig2.8.6 design consideration , (Author, 2020 Fig2.8.7 design consideration , (Author, 2020). Fig2.8.8 design consideration , (Author, 2020). Fig2.8.9 design consideration , (Author, 2020 2.8.10 design consideration , (Author, 2020 Fig2.8.11 Elevations, (Author, 2020). Fig2.8.12 Sections, (Author, 2020 Fig2.8.13 3d shots, (Author, 2020). Fig2.8.14 3d shots, (Author, 2020 Fig2.8.15 3d shots, (Author, 2020

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LIST OF FIGURES

CONSTRUCTION Fig3.1.5.1 axonometric sketch, (Author, 2020). Fig3.2.1.1 glaze detail analysis, (Author, 2020). Fig3.2.1.1 glaze detail in 3d, (Author, 2020). Fig3.2.2.1 retractable roof design, (Author, 2020). Fig3.2.2.2 retractable roof in plan, (Author, 2020 Fig3.2.3.1 SAF in bridge, (Author, 2020 Fig3.2.3.2 SAF example, (archdaily, 2017). Fig3.2.3.3 SAF wall section, (author, 2020). Fig3.2.4.1 glazed floor in plan, (author, 2020). Fig3.2.4.2 glazed floor in section, (author, 2020). Fig3.2.5.1 structure detail section, (author, 2020). Fig3.2.6.1. main wall section of slanted wall, (author, 2020

STRUCTURE Fig4.1.1 structure frames in plan, (author, 2020). Fig4.1.1.1 structure system in 3d (author, 2020 Fig4.1.1.2 axonometric of masses, (author, 2020 Fig4.1.1.3 design of column, (author, 2020). Fig4.1.1.4 mass design in section, (author, 2020). Fig4.2.1, outdoor shed in 3d, (author, 2020 Fig4.2.2, outdoor shed sketch, (author, 2020).

SUSTAINABILITY Fig5.3.1.1, SDF panels, (author, 2020 Fig5.3.2.1, panelite glass, (author, 2020). Fig5.3.3.1, hydraulic lift system, (author, 2020) Fig5.3.4.1, green wall , (author, 2020

ENVIRONMENTAL Fig 6.1.1, self shaded masses , (author, 2020 Fig 6.1.2, courts ventilation, (author, 2020). Fig 6.1.3, building orientation, (author, 2020). Fig 6.1.3, vegetation types, (author, 2020

FURTHER STUDIES Fig 7.1.1 rotated structure, (Inhabitat, 2016 Fig 7.1.2 rotated structure lifted, (Inhabitat, 2016). Fig 7.1.3 mass orientation, (Author, 2020). Fig 7.1.4 Axonometric analysis, (Author, 2020).

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LIST OF REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION •

Anon. (2020). Retrieved 8 January 2020, from http://www.cpasegypt.com/pdf/NahedElIbiary/Ph.D/01-.pdf • Belgacem, O. (2009). Rosetta a little guide to the city. Retrieved 8 January 2020, from • Anon. (2020). Retrieved 8 January 2020, from http://www.cpasegypt.com/pdf/NahedElIbiary/Ph.D/01-.pdf • Average Weather in Rosetta, Egypt, Year Round - Weather Spark. (2020). Retrieved 8 January 2020, from https://weatherspark.com/y/96438/AverageWeather-in-Rosetta-Egypt-Year-Round • Belgacem, O. (2009). Rosetta a little guide to the city. Retrieved 8 January 2020, from • https://www.numbeo.com/climate/in/Rosetta-Egypt Retrieved 8 January .(2020) .‫ ﺑواﺑﺔ " أﺑو اﻟرﯾش" اﻷﺛرﯾﺔ ﺑرﺷﯾد ﺗﺣدت اﻟزﻣن واﻟﻐزاة‬.. ‫ أوﻟﯾﺎء‬۳ ‫• ﻓﻲ ﺣراﺳﺔ‬ 2020, from https://www.masrawy.com/news/news_regions/details/2019/11/1/1662895/%D9% 81%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D9%A3-% • Teresa, C., Ahmed, R., & Mohamed, K. (2018). THE CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE HISTORICAL CENTERS: THE CASE OF ROSETTE. Retrieved 5 November 2019, from http://www.cpasegypt.com/pdf/Mohamed_A_M_Khalil/Research's/Eng/002THE%20CHALLENGES %20OF%20SUSTAINABLE%20HISTORICAL%20CENTERS.pdf • Anon. (2020). Retrieved 8 January 2020, from http://www.cpasegypt.com/pdf/NahedElIbiary/Ph.D/01-.pdf • “Strengthening Development, Planning and Management in Greater Cairo” project signature ceremony. (2020). Retrieved 8 January 2020, from http://www.eg.undp.org/content/egypt/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2 016/june/_strengthening-development--planning-and-management-in-greaterc.html

DESIGN APPROACH • ArchDaily. (2020). Abu Dhabi Central Market / Foster + Partners. [online] Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/558920/abu-dhabi-central-market-fosterpartners [Accessed 8 Jan. 2020]. • Bowen, K. (2020). Pavegen: "The Internet of Beings, it's about people" | Harvard tech communications agency. [online] Harvard - tech communications agency. Available at: https://www.harvard.co.uk/pavegen-internet-beings-people/ [Accessed 8 Jan. 2020]. • Dubaichronicle.com. (2020). Home Page - Dubai Chronicle. [online] Available at: http://www.dubaichronicle.com/ [Accessed 8 Jan. 2020]. • Grozdanic, L. (2020). Nympha Cultural Center for future Bucharest / upgrade.studio - eVolo | Architecture Magazine. [online] Evolo.us. Available at: http://www.evolo.us/nympha-cultural-center-for-future-bucharest-upgradestudio/ [Accessed 8 Jan. 2020].

ERTH..

A GATEWAY THROUGH HERITAGE

LIST OF REFERENCES

• Kinetic Tiles. (2020). Kinetic Tiles. [online] Available at: https://kinetictiles.wordpress.com/ [Accessed 8 Jan. 2020]. • Pinterest. (2020). Gallery of UTS Great Hall and Balcony Room / DRAW - 13 | Ceiling design, Interior design awards, Australian interior design. [online] Available at: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/293859944416222974/?lp=true [Accessed 8 Jan. 2020].

CONSTRUCTION • https://www.scottsdalesteelframes.com/steel-framing-solutions • http://www.markschenk.com/research/files/PhD%20thesis%20%20Mark%20Schenk.pdf • https://www.google.com/search?q=PANELIZED+SYSTEM&rlz=1C1SQJL_enAE856AE85 6&oq=PANELIZED+SYSTEM&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i60l2j69i61j69i65l2j69i60j69i61.3726j 0j1&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 • http://sanchetibuilders.com/8-modern-building-construction-techniques/ • https://www.panelite.us/products/exterior-clearshade-igu/solar-heat-gaincontrol/ • https://elemental.green/solar-activated-facade-high-performance-insulationsystem/

STRUCTURE • •

• • •

https://www.wjlsteelstructure.com/news/analysis-of-grid-frame-steelstructure.html http://buildipedia.com/knowledgebase/division-05-metals/05-10-00-structuralmetal-framing/05-12-00-structural-steel-framing/05-12-00-structural-steelframingtext=There%20are%20three%20main%20types,and%20single%20slope %20frame%20style https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/types-structural-steel-framingsystems/18554/ https://www.steelbuilding.com/buildings/frame_types.htm http://sanchetibuilders.com/8-modern-building-construction-techniques/

SUSTAINABILITY • Center for Sustainable Landscapes / The Design Alliance Architects. (2020). Retrieved 8 January 2020, from https://www.archdaily.com/364575/centerfor-sustainable-landscapes-the-design-alliance-architects • Gallery of EIGHT Office Complex / PEOPLE - 1. (2020). Retrieved 8 January 2020, from http://archdaily.com/363760/eight-office-complexpeople/5177023bb3fc4b3669000008-eight-office-complex-peoplephoto?ad_medium=widget&ad_name=navigation-next&next_project=yes Retrieved 8 January 2020, from • 2020). https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5839GSDR%20201 5_SD_concept_definiton_rev.pdf • (2020). Retrieved 8 January 2020, from http://sociallife.co/media/files/Woodcraft_-_2012_-_

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A GATEWAY THROUGH HERITAGE

LIST OF REFERENCES

• Social_Sustainability_and_New_Communities_Moving__copy.pdf • Home .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. (2020). Retrieved 8 January 2020, from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org • https://www.epa.gov/green-infrastructure/what-green-infrastructure

ENVIRONMENTAL http://ijens.org/Vol_17_I_01/173101-8484-IJCEE-IJENS.pdf

FURTHER STUDIES • •

https://farnsworthhouse.org/option-c-hydraulics https://farnsworthhouse.org/option-c-hydraulics

• •

https://floodquiz.savingplaces.org/elevate-by-hydraulic-lift/#.XpyBVMgzZPZ https://inhabitat.com/rotating-homes-follow-the-sun-produce-5-times-theenergy-they-use/