Healing herbs of himalaya by Asif Bashir

Selected

HEAliNG HERBS OF HIMAlAYA A pictorial

o Herbaria

Guide

Jawaharlal Nehru Bhartiya Chikitsa Evam Homoeopathy Anusandhan Bhavan , 61 - 65 Institutional Area, Opp. "D" Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi - 110058

2008

Publisher : Central Council for Research in Ayurveda & Siddha Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare,

Government of India.

Jawaharlal Nehru Bhartiya Chikitsa Evam Homoeopathy Anusandhan Bhavan, 61-65 Institutional Area, Opp. "D" Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi- 110058. Email: ccras_dir1@nic.in

ÂŠ Central Council for Research in Ayurveda & Siddha, New Delhi 2008

ISBN 978-81-7525-992-8

Photography, Coverpage s & Book designed by : Dr.G.V.R.Joseph, Assistant Director (Botany), CCRAS, New Delhi.

Printer : Pearl Offset Press Pvt. Ltd. 5/33 Kirti Nagar Industrial Area, New Delhi - 110 015.

....

Patron: Smt. Anita Das, Secretary Department of AYUSH Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India

Shri. Shiv Basant, Joint Secretary Department of AYUSH Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India

Shri. S. K. Chadha, Director Department of AYUSH Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India

Chief Editor : Dr. G. S. Lavekar, Director CCRAS, New Delhi.

Co- Editor: Dr. M. M. Padhi, Dy. Director (Tech), CCRAS, New Delhi.

Work carried out by : Dr. G. V. R. Joseph, Assistant Director (Botany), CCRAS, New Delhi.

Assisted By : Sh. Jagdish Chandra Arya, R. A. (Botany) CCRAS, New Delhi.

Participating Institutes

Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5

Location

Name of the Institute Regional Research Institute (Ayurveda), Regional Research Institute (Ayurveda), Regional Research Institute (Ayurveda), Regional Research Institute (Ayurveda), SOWA RIGPA Research Centre,

Tarikhet, Uttarakhand ltanagar, Arunachal Pradesh Guwahati, Assam Gangtok, Sikkim Leh - Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir

Contributers

Sl. No. Name of the Officers

Disignation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Dr. P.C. Sharma

Ex.A.D.(Bot.)

RRI(Ay.), Pune

Sh. Kailash Chandra Dr. O.P. Mishra Dr. M.A. Uniyal Sh. R.N . Tewari Dr. R.K. Issar Sh. R.S. Dixit Dr. V.P. Tewari Dr. V.K. Singh Sh. K.C. Tewari Dr. L. N. Sharma Late. Dr. R. Majumdar Late. H.C. Pandey Dr. M.C. Jos hi Sh. S.C. Pant Sh. Jugal Kishore Gurani Sh. R.K. Tamta Dr.Rajiv Kumar Sharma Dr. P.C. Joshi Dr. Ramashankar Dr. P.B. Singh Dr. G.C. Joshi Sh. N. K. Pandey, Dr. A. K. Panda Dr. Om Raj Sharma

Ex.A.D (Bot.) Ex.A. D(Bot.) Ex. R.O (Ay.) Ex.R.O (Bot.) Ex.R.O (Bot.) Ex.R.O (Bot.) Ex.R.O.(Ay.) Ex.R.O.(Ay.) Ex.R.O.(Bot.) Ex.R.O.(Bot.) Ex.R.O.(Bot.) Ex.R.O.(Bot.) Ex.R.O.(Bot.) Ex.R.O.(P) Ex.A.A. (Bot) Ex. A.A. (Bot) S.S .O. (Bot) Ex. R.O (Ch.) R.O.(Bot.) R.O.(Bot.) R.O.(Bot.) R.O (Bot.) R.O.(Ay.) R.O (Ay.) R.O. (Amchi)

RRI(Ay), Pune NMPB, Delhi. RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet RRI (Ay.), Jhansi RRI (Ay.), Jhansi RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet RRI (Ay.), Jhansi RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet RRC(Ay.), Jammu RRI(Ay.), Guwahati CRI(Ay.), Lucknow RRI (Ay.), Jhansi CCRAS, HQ. New Delhi RRI , (Ay.), Tarikhet RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet PLIM, Gazhiabad RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet RRI (Ay.), ltanagar RRI (Ay.), Jhansi RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet CRI(Ay.), Gwalior RRI (Ay.), Gangtok RRI , (Ay.), Mandi Sowa Rigpa Res. Center, Leh RRI (Ay.), Jhansi

Dr. Padma Gurmeet Dr. Rajesh Ku . Mudaiya Dr. M.S. Rawat Sh. Jagdish Chandra Arya Km. Deepshikha Arya

A.R.O (Bot.) A.R.O (Bot.) A.A. (Bot) A.A. (Bot)

Institute

HRDI, Gopeshwar CCRAS, HQ. New Delhi RRI(Ay.), Tarikhet

SECRETARY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTJIY OF HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE DEPTT. OF AYURVEDA, YOGA & NATUROPATHY, UNANI, SIDDHA AND HOMOEOPATHY (AYUSH) RED CROSS BUILDING. NEW DELHI-110001 Tel.: 011 -23715564, Telefax : 011-23327660

~Gm ANITADAS

E-mail: oecy...yushOnlc.ln MalllngNo. 110108

Foreword The Indian Himalayan Region is one of the major repositories of biodiversity. It supports about 18,440 plant species. The rich diversity of Indian Himalayan Region has been in use si nce Vedic period (RigVeda 4500-1600 BC). The Charak (1000-800 BC) and Susruta (800-700 BC) described Himalaya as a major habitat of medicinal plants. The Indian Himalayan Region has an area of 5, 31 ,250 sq. Km spread over 12 states and constitutes about 16.16% of India's total geographical area. It has about 1,748 species of medicinal plants distributed in Indian Himalayan Region . The Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS) has carried out commendable work in Medico-Ethno-Botanical Research through its peripheral Institutes located at Himalayan Regions. The present treatise on "Healing Herbs of Himalaya" offers itself as a pictorial and herbaria guide on 50 important medicinal plants available at Indian Himalayan Region. The book provides an overview of various facts of the herbal wealth of Indian Himalayan Region. Further the book is an assimilation of information contained in numerous published as well as unpublished data; herbarium; Crude drugs and field photos. I am confident that the work carried out by Dr. G.VR. Joseph, R.O. (Botany) and his team under overall supervision of Dr. M.M. Padhi, D.O. (Tech.) and Dr. G.S. Lavekar, Director would be of immense use for Researchers, Academicians and Pharma-lndustry. My congratulations to Shri Shiv Basant, Joint Secretary and Shri Sanjiv Chadha, Director, Department of AYUSH , Government of India on this excellent documentation.

23rd July 2008. New Delhi.

(Anita Das)

vii

Gram: "AYUSH"

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DR. G.S. LAVEKAR DIRECTOR

CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDA & SIDDHA Deptt. of A YUSH (An autonomous organisation, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India) Jawahar Lal Nehru Bhartiya Chikitsa Avam Homoeopathy Anusandhan Bhawan

PREFACE Since ages herbs and herbal products are being used as medicines. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of the World's population still relies on herbal medicines as its major source of medicinal products. India is one of the richest Biodiversity hot spot in the world and Himalayan region is well known for its herbal wealth. Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha through its peripheral Institutes located at Tarikhet, Guwahati, ltanagar, Gangtok, Mandi, Leh have done commendable work in Medico-Ethno-Botanical Research that includes market survey of herbal drugs. The book "Selected Healing Herbs of Himalaya" is a state of art report. The book provides an overview of various facts including updated botanical nomenclature, popular names used in different Indian systems of medicines, IUCN status, uses, threats, formulations, etc. Safety/ toxicity and contra-indications were also covered on the studied plants. Dr. G. V.R. Joseph, Assistant Director (Botany) who is instrumental in carrying out the project "Digitization of Herbarium" has done sincere efforts in bringing out this book. I appreciate the work carried by: Dr. G.C. Joshi, R.O. (R. R. 1., Tarikhet) for his deep involvement in the field work of Uttarakhand Himalaya and for his assistance in selecting the plants; Dr. M.M. Sharma who put his sincere efforts in going through draft copy and made necessary corrections in "uses and formulations" part of all plants. Mr. Jagdish Chandra Arya R.A. (Bot.) and Mr. Raju Kumar, D.E.O. who are the part of team with Dr. G. V.R. Joseph traveled extensively in remote parts of Himalayan region in connection with Digitization of Herbarium project. Four plant photos i.e. A. benthamii; D. hatagarica; A. glauca; N. jatamansi are taken from the display material of Society of Himalayan Environmental Research, Dehradun, their contribution is acknowledged. I appreciate Ms. Archana Gupta, SRF (Botany), Dr. Tanuja Prasad, SRF (Ayu.) and Dr. Shilpi Das, SRF (Pharmacology) for their valuable assistance in compiling the text material of the book. Support rendered by some of the officers/staff to Dr. Joseph while taking photos/Digitization related work at Himalayan region is sincerely acknowledged, like are Dr. G.C. Nanda, A.D. (CRI , Bhubaneshwar); Dr. D. Baruah, R.O. (RRI, Guwahati); Dr. Brahma, R.O. (RRI, ltanagar) and Dr. A. K. Mangal, R.O. (CCRAS, HQ). Special appreciation is due to Dr. M.M. Padhi, Deputy Director (Tech.) who overall supervised the work and encouraged the team throughout the work. Thanks to Or. V. K. Singh, A.D. (Botany), CCRUM for his valuable suggestions. I express my sincere gratitude to Smt. Anita Oas, Secretary, Sh. Shiv Basant, Joint Secretary and Sh. S.K. Chaddha, Director, Dept. of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India for their encouragement and appreciation. Special thanks to Sh. S.K. Chaddha, Director. Dept. of AYUSH for his keen interest and who acted as driving force in this publication.

Date: 23•d July 2008 Place : New Delhi

G.S. Lavekar Chief Editor

Abbreviations Medicine Systems Ay.

Ayurveda

Sd.

Siddha

Hp.

Homeopathy

Sr.

Sowa rigpa

Pharmacopoeias API

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India.

SPI

Siddha Pharmacopoeia of India.

HPI

= =

Homeopathy Pharmacopoeia of India.

UPI

Unani Pharmacopoeia of India.

Threats 1

Harvest for Medicine

Loss of Habitat

Human interference

Over exploitation

Trade

Harvest for wood

Edaphic factor

Harvest for food

Trade for parts

Sampling

Not Known

Syn.

Synonym (s)

IUCN =

International Union for Conservation of Nature

CONTENTS Foreword

VII

Preface

Abbreviations

XI-XIII

Contents

Sl. No. 1.

Botanical Names

Sanskrit Nam

Page

Abies webbiana Lindl.

Tall sa

1-4

Vatsanabha

5-6

syn. A. spectab/1/s (D.Don.) Spach

Aconitum atrox Linn. syn. A. ferox Wall. ex Serlnge

Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle

Ativisha

7-8

Acarus calamus Linn.

Vacha

9-12

Angelica glauca Edgew.

Choraka

13-16

Arnebia benthmaii (Wall. ex G. Don.) John.

Gojivha

17-18

Daruharidra

19-22

Pashanabheda

23-26

Syn. Macrotomia benthamii (Wall.) DC.

Berberis aristata DC. Syn. 8 . sikkimens/s Sch.

Bergenia ciliata (Haw) Sternb. Syn. 8 . ligulata Engl.

Betula uti/is D.Don.

Bhurja/Bhujapattra 27-28

syn. 8. bhojpattra Wall.

10.

Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.

Priyangu

29-30

11.

Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud.

Devadaru

31-32

Syn. C. llbanl Barrel. var. deodara Hook. f.

12.

Celastrus paniculatus Willd.

Jyotishmati

33-36

13.

Cinnamomum tamala Ham. (Fr. Nees)

Tvakapatra

37-38

14.

Coleus forskohlii Linn.

Gandira

39-40

15.

Crocus sativus L.

Keshara

41-42

16.

Dactylorhiza hatazarica D.Don.

Munjataka

43-44

Syn. Orchis /at/foils auct. non L.

17.

Delphinium denudatum Wall.

Nirvisha

45-46

18.

Digitalis purpurea Linn.

Til push pi

47-48

19.

Dioscorea bulbifera Linn.

Varahi

49-50

Syn. D. crlspsts Roxb., D. daemons Roxb.

20.

Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K.Schum.

Rudraksha

51-52

21.

Embelia ribes Burm.

Vidanga

53-56

22.

Ephedra gerard/ana Wall.

Soma

57-60

23.

Gent/ana kurroo Royle

Trayamana

61-62

24.

Gloriosa superba Linn.

Langali

63-66

25.

Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.

Shati

67-68

26.

Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.

Neichak

69-70

27.

Hyoscyamus niger Linn.

Parasika Yavani

71-72

28.

lnula racemosa Hook.f.

Pushkara

73-74

29.

Microstylis wallichii Lin die

Jivaka

75-76

syn. Ms/sxis scum/nata D.Don.

30.

Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don.

Katphala

77-78

Jatamansi

79-82

Syn. M. fsrquharlans Wall., M. saplda Wall., M. nag/ Hook. f. In part non Thunb.

31.

Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Syn. Nardostschys grand/flora DC.

32.

Oroxy/um indicum Vent.

Shyonaka

83-86

33.

Picrorhiza kurroa auct. non Royle

Katuka

87-90

Syn. P. scrophularlaef/ora Pennell

34.

Pinus roxburghii Sarg.

SaraIa

91-92

35.

Podophyllum hexandrum Royle

Vanatrapushi

93-94

xii

Syn. P. emodi Will ex Royle

36.

Polygonatum cirrhifolium Royle

Mahameda

95-96

37.

Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) Ait.

Meda

97-98

38.

Portulaca oleracea Linn.

Ghotika

99-100

39.

Prunus cerasoides D.Don.

Padmaka

101-102

40.

Rheum australe D.Don.

Amlavetasa

103-106

Syn. R. emodi Wall. ex Maisen.

41.

Rhus parviflora Roxb.

Tintidika

107-108

42.

Roscoea procera Wall.

Khsirkakoli

109-110

43.

Rubia cordifolia Linn. senus Hook.f.

Manjishtha

111-112

44.

Saussurea costus ( Feic.) Lipach.

Kushtha

113-116

Syn. S. lappa (Decne.) Sch. -Bip.

45.

Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Fleming) Karsten Kiratatikta

117-120

syn. S. chirata Buch. - Ham. ex C.B. Clarke

46.

Taxus baccata Linn.

Sthauneya

121-124

47.

Thalictrum foliolosum DC.

Pitamulika

125-126

48.

Thymus serpy/lum Linn.

Ajagandha

127-128

49.

Valeriana wallichii DC.

Kalanusari

129-130

Tejovati

131-132

Syn. V. jatamansi Jones

50.

Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Syn. Z. alatum Roxb. var. planisplnum (Sieb. & Zucc.) Rehd. & E.H. Wils, Z. p/anispinum Sieb. & Zucc.

133-135

References

xiii

Botanical Name

Abies webbiana Lindl.

Syn. A. spectabilis (D. Don.) Spach. Popular Name15路44

Talisha, Patradhyam (Ay.)

Family

Pinaceae

Distribution

Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 2800-3000 m.

IUCN Status40

Common

Threats PartJs1o,38

Stem Bark, Leaf

Adulterant/s Substitute/s49

Abies pindrow Royle., Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don

Leaves of Taxus baccata Linn. Dose/s15路 44

Leaf powder - 2-3 gm

Uses15

Ay. : Cough (Kasa), Poor Appetite (Agnimandya), Hiccough (Hikka), Worm infestation (Krimi), Tuberculosis (Kshaya), Diseases of mouth (Mukharoga), Asthma (Shvasa), Lump in abdomen (Gulma), Emesis (Chhardi), Anorexia (Aruchi).

Formulations15

Ay. : Drakshadi Churna, Talisadi Churna, Bhaskaralavana Churna, Pranada Gutika, Jatiphaladi Churna, Puga Khanda, Talisadi Modaka.

Safety/Toxicity35

Resin said to intoxicate when taken internally.

Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Abies webbiana Lindl.

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....,... -

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-A_ ........'-------

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------:·~.~.~: ~:~· - ... _............... .............. __ ·-·

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~-----------------

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~~·· . ....,...1111_., J•-.au ... ._..._..., "Y51'f

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WIMI~t-,...!:t..u.J-

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Abies pindrow Spach.

'' •

,........__., s,->-

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- ; I l l - . , ...

fril.4o,"- .1-

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......

Botanical Name

Aconitum atrox Linn. Syn. A. ferox Wall. ex Ser.

Popular Name8•44

Vatsanabha, Visha (Ay.)

Family

Ranunculaceae

Distribution 47

Garhwal to Sikkim Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 3046 - 4250m.

IUCN Status 45

Critically rare

Threats45

2, 4,1 & 5

Part/s38

Root

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Dose/s44

Root powder -1Q-15 mg.

Uses 6 • 44 /

Ay. : Polyurea (Prameha), Headache (Shirashula), Nasal Catarrh, Tonsillitis, Sore Throat, Gastric disorders, Debility and Fever of Inflammatory

Properties Formulations

origin,

Sedative and Diaphoretic 9 47 •

Safety!Toxicity Contra indication Hypersensitivity to the drug

Neuralgia

and

Rheumatism.

Aconitum atrox Linn.

, .,,.. lt:all

.............t::"t:.r.:'!:!'Ho-..,

. . _. .

2(路路~-

Botanical Name

Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle

Popular Name4 •10.20

Ativisa (Ay.); Bong-nga dkar-po rigs-dang-po (Sr.); Atees Shireen(Un.)

Family

Ranunculaceae

Distribution 19•44

Western Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 2,500-4,000m viz. Garhwal, Kumaon, Kashmir and Arunachal Pradesh.

IUCN Status45

Critically Endangered

Threats 45

2, 4, 3, 1 & 5

Part/s 4

Root

Adulternt/s 49

Dried tubers of Asparagus gonocladus Baker Roots of Chaerophyllum vi/losum Wall., Delphinium denudatum Wall.

Substitute/s Root powder - 0.6 - 2.0gm Uses

4,&, 1o,11 ,19, 20, . .

Ay. : Cough (Kasa), Fever (Jvara) , Emesis (Chhardi) In Children, Hysteria (Yoshapasmara) ,Throat infections, Dyspepsia (Ajlrna), Emesis (Chhardi), Abdominal pain (Udara shula), Diabetes (Madhumeha). Sd. : Acute diarrhoea. Sr. : Antidote against snake and scorpion bite, Fever , Disorders of Intestine. Un. : Blood purifier (Fasad-ud-Dam), Leprosy (Juzam), Leucoderma (Bar), Pityriasis alba (Bahaq Abyza). Ay. : Antipyretic (Jvaraghna), Antidiarrhoeal (Atlsaraghna), Anthelmenthic (Krimighna).

Properties Formulations

4 20 24 • •

Sd. : Kabada Matthirai, Nantl Mzhuku, Narattai ilakam, Pura Mattlrai. Un : Sufoof-e-Bars. Safety/Toxlcity19

Overdose (5-6gm) can cause toxic signs and symptoms such as throat congestion.

Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug

Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle

4 Botanical Name

Acarus calamus Linn.

Popular name6 â&#x20AC;˘10

Vacha (Ay.); Shu-dag nag-po (Sr.)

Family

Araceae

Distribution

Wild or cultivated throughout Himalayas at an altitude ascending up to 1800 m

IUCN Status45 Threats

Vulnerable, Rare 2,1 & 5

Partls 44

Rhizome

Adulterant/s 42â&#x20AC;˘49

Roots of Althaea officina/is Linn., Rhizomes of Costus speciosus (Koenig) Sm.

Substitute/s Dose/s

Uses s, a ,1o,11 , 44

Rhizome powder- 60-120 mg. Ay. : Epilepsy(Apasmara), Asthma (Shwasa), Cough (Kasa) Constipation (Vibandha), Schizophrenia (Unmada), Flatulence (Adhmana), Ear discharge (Karnashrava), Loss of memory (Smriti daurbalaya), Pain (Shula), Skin diseases (Kustha), Headache (Shirahshula), Alopecia (Khalitya), Colic (Udarashula), Piles (Arsha), Indigestion (Ajirna), Acid gastritis, Retention of urine, Abdominal distention, Mental ailments, Glandular and Abdominal tumors. Sd. : Dyspepsia, Cold, Bronchitis, Fever, Skin diseases. Sr. : Indigestion , Inflammation , Diptheria, Heart disorder.

Formulations8

Ay. : Vachadi Taila, Vacha-Jasunadi Taila, Sarasvata Churna, Sarsvatarishta, Chandraprabha Vati, Khadiradi Vati, Hingu Vachadi Churna.

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Acarus calamus Linn.

Costus speciosus Sims.

Botanical Name

Angelica glauca Edgew.

Popular Name10•18

Choraka (Ay.); JCa-ba g.yung-ba (Sr.)

Family

Apiaceae

Distribution

Temperate North-West Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 3000-4500m

IUCN Status45

Criticallly rare

Threats45

1, 4, & 5

Part/s18

Root

Adulterant/s49

Roots and Rhizomes of Angelica archangelica Linn.

Substitute/s Dose/s

Uses 6 • 18•44 /

Root powder - 3 - 6 gm. Ay. : Epilepsy (Apasmara), Asthma (Shvasa), Hiccough (Hikka), Fever (Jvara), Itching (Kandu), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Schizophrenia (Unmada), Wound (Vrana), Blood impurities (Raktadosha), Poor appetite (Agnimandya), Headache (Sirashula), Rhinitis (Pratishyaya), Diseases of children (Balaroga).

Properties6 •10

Ay. : Cardioactive, Carminative, Expectorant and Diaphoretic. Sr. : Anemia , Debility, Fluid retention in joints , Stomach disorders, Dropsy , Lung diseases .

Formulations 18

Ay. : Guduchyadi Modaka, Mahanarayana Taila.

Safety/Toxicity Contra indications27 Patients during pregnancy or takin_g blood thinning agents should avoid use of this drug. Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight.

Angelica glauca Edgew.

....__ .......... , ............. ............. --... . ... ...

---- ......... ..,.

... .,...... h, •• ,.

::;:::- -::;:::.:.~ >r-.•~ "~J

.......

_ .._ .,,......

Angelica archangelica Linn.

6 Botanical Name

Arnebia benthamii (Wall. ex G. Don.) John.

syn. Macrotomia benthamii (Wall.) DC. Popular Name49

Gojihva (Ay.)

Family

Boraginaceae

Distribution 45

Himalayas viz. Kashmir to Uttarakhand at an altitude ranging between 3000-4500m

IUCN Status45

Critically Endangered

Threats 45

4,5 & 1

Partls 6

Rhizome

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Dose/s

Rhizome powder- 3-6 gm

Uses6/

Diseases of Tongue and Throat, Cardiac disorders and Fever.

Properties6

Stimulant, Tonic, Diuretic and Expectorant.

Formulation

Manasamitra Vataka, Gojihvadi kvatha

Safety!Toxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug

Arnebia benthmaii (Wall. ex G. Don.) John.

7 Botanical Name

Berberis aristata DC. Syn. B. sikkimensis Sch.

Popular Name8•8 •44

Daruharidra (Ay.)

Family

Berberidaceae

Distribution8 • 17

Himalayas and Nilgiri hills at an altitude ranging between 10003000m.

IUCN Status45

Endangered, Rare

Threats45

1, 2, 3, 4 & 5

Partls6 • 17

Stem

Adulterant/s 31 • 42. 49.S1 Root and Root bark of Berberis /ycium Royle. Substitute/s

31 42 49 51 • • •

Roots of Coscinium fenestratum Colebr. B. asiatica Roxb.; B. lycium Royle.; B. edgeworthiana Schn.

Dosels a.17.21

Stem decoction - 5-10 ml Stem powder- 3 gm.

Uses a, 21,24,44

Ay. : Itching (Kandu), Obesity {Medoroga), Diseases of Mouth (Mukharoga), Wound (Vrana), Diarrhoea due to indigestion (Amatisara), Stiffness in thigh muscle (Urustambha) , Diseases due to Kapha dosa (Kapharoga), Diseases of ear (Kamaroga), Eye diseases (Netraroga), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Anemia (Pandu), Jaundice (Kamala), Erysipelas (VIsarpa), Dysuria (Mutrakrichhra), Leucorrhoea (Shwetapradara), Soft Chancre (Upadansha), Bleeding Piles (Rakatarsha). Sd. : Loss of taste (Suvai inmai), Rickets (Kanam), Fever (Kana suram), Plies (Moola noi), Enteric Fever (Kudal suram). Un. : Jaundice (Yarqan), Splenitis (Waram-e- Tetial), Piles (Bawaseer), Blood purifier (Fasa-e-Dam) Amrag-e-chashm.

Formulations a. 21

Ay. : Btiringaraja Taila, AstivagancttiaCiyarish•, Khatiiradi Gutika Khadirarlshta, Jatyadi Ghrita, Jatyadl Talla. =---------:======~-=-~··

Un. : Habb-e-Bawaseer Amaya, Habb-e-Bawaseer Damiya, Habbe- Rasaut, Habb-e- slyah chashm Kohal-ul-jawhir, Zlmad-emubarrid, Zimad-e-Warm-e-Unsayain, Haadqurs-e-zarishik, Dawaul-mlsk jawahar walli. Safety/Toxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Berberis aristata DC.

.................

....,._...._.I'IIN .,...._

•

c.R~c-.

... ..... .. ......... ... . . .

-l""-.

'l$!,1Sf

=--=-

\!...o.<>.lo V>..:cl........,..

- - - 11 ~

?.<r'\1..

- - ~""\.~..... ~ .... ~• ....or -

. . . . . .)

~ (_~

• •

"'~ -~ <-"""'-\"-'< --~f. e.. Q.

Cv•

Berberis aristata DC.

Coscinium fenestratum Colebr

Berberis /ycium Royle

Botanical Name

Bergenia ciliata (Haw) Stern b. Syn. B. ligulata Engl.

Popular Name4

Pasanabheda (Ay.)

Family

Saxifragaceae

Distribution

Throughout temperate Himalayas from Bhutan to Kashmir at an altitude ranging between 900-3000 m and Khasi hills ascending upto 1200 m.

IUCN Status45

Vulnerable

Threats45

1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 Rhizome

Adulterant/s 49

Aerva lanata Juss., Coleus amboinicus Lour., Celosia argentea Linn., Kalanchoe pinnata Pers., Rotula aquatics Lour., Homonoia riparia Lour., Didymocarpus pedicellata R.Br., Ocimum basilicum Linn., Ammannia baccifera Linn.

Substitute/s Dose/s 4路14 路44

Rhizome powder - 3-6 gm. Rhizome Decoction- 20-100 ml

Uses4, s,14,44f

Ay. : Calculus (Ashmari), Polyurea (Prameha), Dysuria (Mutrakrichhra), Spleen Enlargement (Piihavriddhi).

Properties

Lithotriptic, Antilithiatic, Astringent, Diuretic, Laxative.

Formulations4

Ay. : Ashmarihara Kashaya Churna, Mutravirechaniya Kashaya Churna.

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Bergenia ciliata (Haw)Sternb.

........u..

...lputallllul

~~~-~ T.,._ {......_.)· .,.-\'. '· ,....,. ...,.._

, .. ~q,r

...,.,.,,._

---

~ ....... J,.. .....L, ''"'""""'

,....,

t\'MAh~U....

....

_,.....( ........ U'l•.:f~

.....

c;o.,,_,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

~--(.I:~

Bergenia ciliata (Haw)Sternb.

Aerva lanata Juss.

9 Botanical Name

Betula uti/is D. Don. Syn. B. bhojpattra Wall.

Popular Name6 • 1a. 44

Bhurja, Bhujpattra

Family

Betulaceae

Distribution 18

Throughout the Himalayas at an altitude ascending upto 4200

m. IUCN Status40

Common

Threats Part/s

Root and Stem Bark.

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Dose/s18• 44 Uses

6 18 •

Bark powder - 1-3gm. Ay. : Specific disorder of children (Balagraha), Bleeding disorders (Raktapitta), Wound (Vrana), Ear diseases (Karnaroga), Skin diseases (Kushtharoga), Erysipelas (Granthivisarpa).

Properties

Antiseptic, Carminative.

Formulation 18

Ay.: Ayaskriti

Safety!Toxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Betula uti/is D. Don.

10 Botanical Name

Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.

Popular Name15• 44

Priyangu (Ay.)

Family

Verbenaceae

Distribution 15

Sub-Himalayan tracts viz. Hazara eastwards to Assam, West Bengal and Upper Gangetic at an altitude ascending upto 1800

m. IUCN Status Threats Part/s

Fruit

Adulterant/s Substitute/s42

Fruits of Aglaia roxburghiana Miq., Fruit kernel of Prunus mahaleb Linn.

Dose/s15• 44

Fruit powder- 1-2 gm.

Uses15• 44

Ay. : Emesis (Chardi), Burning sensation (Daha), Fever (Jvara), Blood impurities (Raktadosha), Vertigo (Bhrama), Diseases due to Vata dosha (Vataroga),

Stiffness of jaw (Vaktrajadya),

Diarrhoea (Atisara), Epilepsy (Apasmara), Duodenal ulcer (Parinamashula), Spongy gums , Paralysis (Pakshaghata). Formulations15

Ay.:Jirakadi Modaka, Brihat Phalaghrita, Brihat Chhagaladya Ghrita, Vyaghri Taila.

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.

Botanical Name

Cedrus deodars (Roxb.) Loud. Syn. C. libani Barrel. var. deodars Hook. f.

Popular Name15•44

Devadaru (Ay.)

Family

Pinaceae

Distribution15

North West Himalayas viz. Kashmir to Garhwal, at an altitude ranging between 1200-3000m. Also cultivated in Kumaon.

IUCN Status40

Common

Threats Partls6 •15

Heart wood and Bark

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Dose/s

15 44 •

Wood decoction- 50-100 mi. Wood powder - 3-6 g

Uses s, 15, 44

Ay. : Inflammation (Shotha), Fever (Jvara), Worm infestation (Krimi), Itching (Kandu), Chronic rhinitis (Pinasa), Constipation (Vibandha), Flatulence with gurgling sound ( Adhmana), Drowsiness (Tandra), Hiccough (Hikka), Polyurea ( Prameha) Cough (Kasa), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Rheumatoid arthritis (Amavata ), Diseases of blood (Raktavikara ), Puerperal diseases (Sutikaroga), Oedema (Shopha ), Goiter (Galaganda), Diseases due to Vata dosha (Vatavyadhi), Filaria ( Shlipada), Nasal discharge (Nasa Srava), Eye diseases (Netra roga), Stomach disorders (Udararoga), Asthma (Shvasa), Wound (Vrana).

Formulations

Ay. : Khadirarishta, Dashamularishta, Devadarvadyarishta, Mritasanjivanisura, Karpuradyarka, Chandanadi Churna, Sudarshana Churna, Narayana Taila, Pradarantaka Lauha, Vataraktantaka Lauha, Mahavishagarbha Taila.

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication 36

Avoid during pregnancy.

Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud.

12 Botanical Name

Celastrus paniculatus Willd.

Popular Name6• 8 • 44

Jyotishmati (Ay.)

Family

Celastraceae

Distribution

Throughout hilly regions at an altitude ascending up to 1200m.

IUCN Status45

Low risk and near threatened rare.

Threats 45

4, 2, 1 & 9

Part/s

8 44 •

Seed

Adulterant/s 42

Seeds of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn., Duranta plumieri Jacq.

Substitute/s Dose/s

Seed powder -1gm- 2 gm.

8, 23, 44

Seed oil - 5 - 15 drops Uses

&,8,23, 24,44

Ay. : Diseases due to Vata Dosha (Vatavyadhi), Weakness of Memory (Smritidaurbalya), Abdominal disorders (Udararoga), Wounds (Vrana), Skin diseases (Sidhma), Amenorrhoea (Asrigdara), Leucoderma (Shvitra). Sd. : Uterine diseases (Karupai noigal), Cough (lrumal), Kaba diseases (lya noigal), Rheumatoid arthritis (Keel vayu), Dysentery (Kuruthi kzhichal), Menorrhagia (Perum padu), Ulcer (Kudal pun). Un. : Weakness of Stomach (Zof-e-meda), Amraz-e-Balgamia, Zofe-Bah. Abortifacient.

Properties Formulations

8 23 •

Ay. : Smritisagara Rasa, Jyotishmati Taila, Un. : Tilakhas-ui-Khas.

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Celastrus paniculatus Willd.

~----------------------~

Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn .

â&#x20AC;˘

Botanical Name

Cinnamomum tamala Ham. (Fr. Nees)

PoP-ular Name4.20 Family

Lauraceae

Distribution 4

Tropical, subtropical Himalayas viz. East Jammu to Bhutan at an altitude ranging between 900-2300 m and khashi hills, ranging between 900-1200m.

IUCN Status45

Low risk and near threatened rare.

Threats

Part/s4â&#x20AC;˘ 44

2,4&5

Leaf

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Dose/s

Uses 4, s, 22, 24,44f

Leaf powder - 1-3 gm Ay. : Piles (Arsha), Anorexia (Aruchi), Chronic Rhinitis (Pinasa), Nausea (Hrillasa), Obesity (Medoroga), Cough (Kasa), Colic (Udarashula), Diarrhoea (Atlsara ) and Asthma (Shvasa). Sd. : Asthma (lraippu erumal), Cough (lrumal), Fever (Megha suram), Tumour (Megha katty), Thirst (Neer vetkai), Indigestion (Vaitru porumal), Vomiting (Vanthi), Leucorrhoea (Vettai). Un. : Weakness of Stomach (Zof-e-Meda), Diarrhoea (lshal), Cough (Sual), Coryza (Zukam), Nazala, Bakhrulfam Zof-e-Kabid.

Properties

Ay. : Hypoglycaemlc, Hypollpidaemic, Carminative.

Formulations 4â&#x20AC;˘ 20 Un. : Jawarlsh-e-Shahreyaran, Jawarish-e-Zarishk, Jawarish-eTamar Hindi, Kamlra-e- Abresham Arshadwals, Kohal-e- Roshnai, Jawarish-e-Narmushk, Majoon-e- Juntiyana, Majoon Kalkalanaj, Majoon-e-Muqll, Majoon-e-Khadar, Majoon-e-Sohag Sonth, Araqe-Amber, Araq-e-Juzam, Sufoof-e-Ziabetus Qawi. ====

Safety/Toxicity Contra Indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Cinnamomum tamala Ham. (Fr. Nees)

14 Coleus forskohlii Linn.

Botanical Name

Gandlra (Ay.) --~.----~-~---

-----------------------------------------~

Lamiaceae

Family Distribution

6 18 â&#x20AC;˘

Subtropical Western Himalayas, Nilgiri hills, Deccan peninsula, Gujarat, Bihar and Kumaon to Nepal at an altitude ranging up to 2400m. Cultivated in Maharashtra.

IUCN Status Threats Part/s 18

Root

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Dose/s Uses

Root powder - 3- 6g . .

6 18 â&#x20AC;˘ /

Ay. : Pain (Shula), Inflammation (Shotha), Piles (Arsha), Lump in abdomen (Gulma), Cough (Kasa), Worm infestation (Krimi), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Abdominal diseases (Udararoga), Chronic wound (Dushta Vrana), Spleen diseases (Piiharoga), Dyspepsia (Ajirna) , Retention of urine (Muturaghata), Constipation (Vibandha). Cardiac stimulant.

Properties Formulations

Ay. : Krimighna Kashaya Churna.

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication

Patients suffering with ulcers, low blood pressure and bleeding disorders should not use this

~rug.

Coleus forskohlii Linn.

Botanical Name

Crocus sativus Linn.

Popular Name15

Kum - kum, Keshara (Ay.)

Family

lridaceae

Distribution

2 15 •

Cultivated through corms in Kashmir and Pampor plateau, at an altitude ascending up to 1600 m.

IUCN Status40

Cultivated

Threats Part/s 15 Adulterant/s

Stigma and Style 49 50 •

Dried flower of Jasminum sambac (Linn.) Ait., Dried rays florets of Tagetes patula Linn.

Substitute/s Dose/s

Stigma and style - 25mg - 50 mg.

Uses s. 11 ,1s, 44 1

Ay. : Emesis (Chhardi), Cough (Kasa), Wound (Vrana), Localized hyper pigmentation (Vyanga), Diseases of head (Shiroroga) , Eye diseases (Netra Roga), Throat diseases (Gala Roga), Diseases of skin (Sidhma), Upward movement of gases (Udavartta) , Urinary obstructions (Mutraghata), Chronic sinusitis (Suryavartta), Migraine (Ardhavabhedaka), Measles (Romantika). Sd. :Fever (Suram), Liver enlargement (Kaleeral veekam), Catarrhal infection (Mooku neer paithal), Skin diseases (Thol noikal).

Properties Formulations

Sedative and Abortifacient. 2 15 •

Ay.: Karpuradyarka, Balarka Rasa, Yakuti Churna , Kunkumadya Taila, Mahanarayana Taila , Pushyanuga Churna. Hp. : Crocus sativus mother tincture

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

============:<I

Crocus sativus Linn.

16 Botanical Name

Dactylorhiza hatazarica D.Don. Syn. Orchis latifolia auct. non Linn.

Popular Name44

Munjataka (Ay.)

Family

Orchidaceae

Distribution 16

Himalayas viz. Kashmir to Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh at an altitude ranging between 2800- 4200 m.

IUCN Status45 Threats

Partls

Criticallly rare 4,1 &5

Root

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Dose/s

Uses 16â&#x20AC;˘ 44/

Root powder -3-6gm. Ay. : Diarrhoea (Atisara), Chronic Fever (Jirnajvara), Head Diseases (Sirorog), Gout (Vatarakta), Erysipelas (Visarpa).

Properties

Restorative, Aphrodisiac.

Formulation

Ay. : Mahamayura Ghrita, Dvipanchamuladya Ghrita, Sukumaraka Taila, Godhumadya Ghrita.

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Dactylorhiza hatazarica D.Don.

17 Botanical Name

Delphinium denudatum Wall.

Popular Name43

Nirvisa (Ay.)

Family

Ranunculaceae

Distribution 47

Throughout Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 24083657m.

IUCN Status 40

Endangered

Threats Part/s 43

Root

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Dose/s

43 47 â&#x20AC;˘

Uses 6 â&#x20AC;˘ 43/

Root powder- O.Sgm -1gm Ay. : Inflammation (Shotha), Wound (Vrana), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Toothache (Dantashula), Diseases due to Vatadosha (Vatavyadhi), Poor appetite (Agnimandya), Jaundice (Kamala), Abdominal disorders (Udararoga), Soft chancre (Upadansha), Cough (Kasa), Asthma (Shvasa), Dysmenorrhoea (Kashtartava).

Properties

Stimulant, Tonic.

Formulations 47

Un. : Khamirajadwarl, Habb-e-jadwar.

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Delphinium denudatum Wall .

........ . ,.

............. _.,

~-~

.....-..~Ja~at ...,.._..

Botanical Name

Digitalis purpurea Linn.

Popular Name43

Tilapushpi (Ay.)

Family

Scrophulariaceae

Distribution

Cultivated in Kashmir, Darjeeling and Nilgiri in India.

IUCN Status Threats Partls

Leaves

Adulterant/s 38

Verbascum thapsus Linn., Primula vulgaris Huds., lnula conyza DC., lnula helenium Linn., Urtica dioica Linn.

Substitute/s Dose/s Uses

Leaf powder - 30mg - 60 mg Ay. : Heart diseases (Hridayaroga), Skin diseases(Twakvikara), Cough

(Kasa),

Asthma

(Shvasa),

Cardiac

(Hriddaurbalyajanya shotha), Fever (Jvara). Formulations1

Hp. : Digitalis purpurea Mother tincture

Safety!Toxicity48

Use drug by consulting medical practitioners.

Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

oedema

Digitalis purpurea Linn.

19 Botanical Name

Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. Syn. D. crispata Roxb., D. daemons Roxb.

Popular Name15

Varahl (Ay.)

Family

Dioscoreaceae

Distribution

IUCN Status40

Throughout Himalayas at an altitude ascending up to 1800 m. Cultivated

Threats Part/s15

Rhizome

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Dose/s Uses

6 15 44 / â&#x20AC;˘ â&#x20AC;˘

Rhizome powder - 3-6 gm. Ay. : Worm infestation (Krimi), Itching (Kandu), Skin Diseases (Kushtha), Polyurea (Prameha), Ulcers (Antaravrana), Piles (Arsha) and Dysentery (Atisara).

Properties

Rejuvenatlve (Rasayana).

Formulations 15

Ay. : Naraslmha Churna , Vatsyamayantaka Ghrlta, Panchanlmba Churna.

Safety/Toxicity Contra Indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Dioscorea bulbifera Linn.

lww.........,., .... -........,.,.__ =--

-- --...

~,"""'-

...-..

.........._,.. â&#x20AC;˘.,

20 Botanical Name

Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K.Schum. Syn. E. ganitrus Roxb.

Popular Name15â&#x20AC;˘ 44

Rudraksh (Ay.)

Family

Elaeocarpaceae

Distribution

Lower Himalayas and Western Ghats at high altitude.

IUCN Status Threats Part/s15

Seed

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Oose/s Uses

&,11 , 1s, 44

Seed powder -1-2 gm. Ay. : Epilepsy (Apasmara), Brain tonic (Matisuddhikara), Hypertension

(Uchchha

raktachapa),

Heart

diseases

(Hridayaroga), Meseals (Romantika), Mental disorders (Manasaroga), Insomnia (Anidra). Sd. : Epileptic fits (Kakkai valippu) Formulations15

Ay. : Gorochanadi Vati, Dhanvantara Gutika, Mritasanjivani Gutika.

SafetyfToxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum.

Botanical Name

Embelia ribes Burm.f.

Popular Name4• 8 • 44.20 Vidanga (Ay.); Baobarang (Un.) Family

Myrsinaceae

Distribution 19

Throughout India at an altitude ascending up to 1500 m in the hills.

IUCN Status Threats Part/s4

Fruit

Adulterant/s 34• 42• 49

Fruits of Embelia tsjeria~cottam A. DC.

Substltute/s34• 42• 49

Fruits of Myrsine africana Linn.

Dose/s 4

Fruit powder - 5-1 Ogm.

Uses 4. 6 • 20•24•44/

Ay. : Pain (Shula), Worm Infestation (Krimiroga), Diseases of abdomen (Udararoga), Flatulence with gurgling sound (Adhmana), Heart Diseases (Hridayaroga), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Jaundice (Kamala). Sd. : Peptic ulcer (Gunmam), Worm Infestation (Nun puzhu kolli), Gastric trouble (Vayu), Anemia (Veluppu noi). Un. : Intestinal worms(Deedan-e-Ama), Waj-ui-Mafasll.

Properties

Rejuvenatlve (Rasayana), Contraceptive, Anthelminthic.

Formulations 4.20

Ay. : Vldangarlshta, Vldanga Lauha , Vidangadl Lauha. Hp. : Embelia ribes mother tincture. Un. : Habb-e-Kibreet, Qurs-e-Deedan, ltrifal-e-Deedan, Majoone- Jograj Gugal, Majoon-e-Kai-Kalanaj, Habb-e-Kabid Naushadri.

Safety/Toxicity 19

Drug used traditionally in prescribed dose may be considered safe.

Contra Indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Embelia ribes Burm.f.

Embelia tsjeriam-cottam DC.

~.._

............ ..._... -"""...,...._.... r......., ,......,. uâ&#x20AC;˘

22 Botanical Name

Ephedra gerardiana Wall.

Popular Name29

Soma(Ay.)

Family

Gnetaceae

Distribution 19

Dry valleys of Himalayas from Kashmir to Sikkim at an altitude ranging between 3600 -4800 m.

IUCN Status

Rare

Threat Stem Adulterant/s 42

E. intermedia Schrenk., Equisetum arvense Linn.

Substitute/s 42

Roots/Stem Bark of Ficus religiosa Linn., Ephedra sinica Stapf.,

E. equisetina Bunge. Dose/s

Stem powder - 1-2gm

Uses 19â&#x20AC;˘ 29/

Ay. : Asthma (Shvasa), Heart weakness (Hriddaurbalya).

Properties

Antiasthmatic, Nasal Decongestant.

Formulation 9

Hp. : Ephedra gerardiana mother tincture.

Safety!Toxicity 19

Convulsions and psychotic reactions are reported to be toxic effects of ephedra alkaloids.

Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Ephedra geradiana Wall.

Ephedra gerardiana Wall.

Ficus religiosa Linn.

23 Botanical Name

Gentians kurroo Royle

Popular Name44

Trayamana (Ay.)

Family

Gentianaceae

Distribution 47

North West Himalayas viz. Kashmir at an altitude ranging between 1500-3337m. Threatened and in the negative list of Export from India

IUCN Status Threats Part/s 44

Root

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Dose/s Uses

44 47 â&#x20AC;˘

Root powder- 1-3gm.

6 44 â&#x20AC;˘

Ay. : Diarrhoea (Atisara), Lump in abdomen (Gulma), Erysipelas (Visarpa), Fever (Jvar), Urinary disorders (Mutravikara).

Formulation 47

Ay. : Mahatikta Ghrita

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication

Patients suffering with ulcer or stomach Inflammation should not use this drug.

Gentiana kurroo Royle

Botanical Name

Gloriosa superba Linn.

Popular Name12. 44

Langall, Kalihari (Ay.)

Family

Liliaceae

Distribution12

Throughout the tropical regions at an altitude ascending up to

2,000 m. IUCN Status 40

Rare and Cultivated

Threats Partfs12, 44

Tuberous root.

Adulterant/s42

Rhizomes of Costus speciosus Smith.

Substitute/s Dose/s 12

Tuberous root powder -125- 250 mg

Uses6,11,12, 44J

Ay. : Pain (Shula), Oedema (Shopha), Piles (Arsha), Worm infestation (Krimi) , Skin diseases (Kushtha), Diseases due to Vata Dosha (Vatavyadhi), Wound (Vrana), Pain in lower abdomen (Bastishula), Malpresentation of foetus (Garbha Shalya), Gout (Vatarakta), Baldness (Khalitya), Ear diseases (Karnaroga). Sd. : Leprosy (Thozhu noi), Skin diseases (Thol noigal), Piles (Mola noi), Colic (Vayitru vali), Worms (kirumi).

Properties

Anthelminthic, Abortifacient.

Formulations12

Ay. : Mahavishagarbha Taila, Nirgundi Taila, Kasisadi Taila.

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication35

Avoid during pregnancy.

G/oriosa superba Linn.

--~-- ~~~~~~~

~路颅

...

Costus speciosus Smith.

25 Botanical Name

Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham.ex Sm.

Popular Name4• 10•44

Shati (Ay.); sGa-skya'i-rlgs (Sr.)

Family

Zingiberaceae

Distribution 4

Western and central regions of sub-tropical Himalayas viz. Kumaon and Punjab. at an altitude ranging between 1500-2000

m. IUCN Status 45 Threats

Vulnerable 4,5&2

Part/s4

Rhizome

Adulterant/s42

Rhizome of Hedychium coronarium Koenig.

Substitute/s42

Rhizome of Kaempferia galanga Linn.

Dose/s Uses

4 44 •

Rhizome powder-1-3 gm. Ay. : Pain (Shula) , Asthma (Shvasa) , Emesis (Chhardi), Cough

4, 10,44

(Kasa), Itching (Kandu), Diseases of Mouth (Mukharoga), · Diarrhoea (Atisara), Piles (Arsha), Rheumatoid arthritis (Amavata), Semen disorder (Shukraroga). Sr. : Dyspepsia, Against blood coagulation in vessels . Formulations

Ay. : Agastyaharitaki Rasayana, Shatyadi Churna.

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication13

Avoid during pregnancy and breast feeding.

Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham.ex Sm.

S. No.

Botanical Name

Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.

Popular Name6 â&#x20AC;˘10

Neichak (Ay.); sTar-bu (Sr.)

Family

Elaeagnaceae

Distribution 33

Throughout the Himalayas mainly in cold desert at high altitudes

IUCN Status

Threats

Part/s6

Fruit and seed

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Doses Uses

6 10 â&#x20AC;˘

Ay. : Pulmonary complaints, Cutaneous troubles. Sr. : Diseases of Lungs, Blood coagulation , Blood cyst .

Formulation

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.

··-

l ( ' _......... _

......

____ -....... _.....,................... ..... .......... ,. ......, .... ---..... ...('_,.,._.a.,..

JN•.-'-.IMI•,._,

.....,__,....,......._ ......... ,......... ,....,.._, .........""""'---',._,_ ...... ,...... ................_...... ~ ......... al1 . . . .i~-.._._.

_,_..,.,...., ...... II....

n:..-.......,• .,"..

S. No.

Botanical Name

Hyoscyamus niger Linn.

Popular Name10•18• 44

Parasika Yavanl (Ay.); Thang-phrom lang-thang-rtse (Sr.)

Family

Solanaceae

Distribution 6

Western Himalayas from Kashmir to Garhwal at an altitude ranging between 2300 and 3200 m .

IUCN Status Threats Part/s18

Seed

Adulterant/s

41 49 52 • •

Substitute/s 42 Dose/s

Uses 6 • 10•18• 19.24• 44/

Leaves of Althea officina/is Linn., Hyoscyamus squarrosus Griff., Taraxacum officinale Weber. Seeds of Hyoscyamus muticus Linn., Gynandropsis gynandra Briq. Seed powder - 125-500 mg. Ay. : Constipation (Vibandha), Calc.u lus (Ashmari), Pain (Shula), Asthma (Shvasa ), Lump in abdomen (Gulma), Cough (Kasa), Worm infestation (Krimi), Schizophrenia (Unmada), Scanty menstruation (Rajahkrlchchhra), Early Ejaculation (Shighrapatana), Pain in the abdomen (Udarashula), Insomnia (Anidra), Joint pain (Sandhishula) Worm infestation (Krimi), Whooping cough (Kukkurakasa). Sd. : Aramba paittiyam (initial mental disorder), Dysmenorrhoea (Soothaga vali), Soothaga vayu, Cough (Mantara iraippu), Loss of Memory (Ninaivu thadu matrram), Palladi nol(thantha noigal), Enlargement of Heart (Thamaraka thadippu), Insomnia (Thookka minmai). Sr. : Toothache, Pharyngitis , Malignant ulcers . =.;_,=~-==-

Properties

Ay. : Analgesic, Sedative In irritable conditions.

Formulations 11.24 Sd. : Sarapunka Vilvathi leghlyam, Kabada Mathlral, Nanthi Mezh ugu, Thlpplll Rasayanam, Ven poosanl Ney. Safety/Toxicity 11

Overdose produces poisonous effects similar to those of Datura (Dsturs mete/) poisoning, such as dryness of tongue and mouth, giddiness, and delirium.

Contra Indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Hyoscyamus niger Linn.

-- --·

x-•'.:..;:..

~L ..

S. No.

Botanical Name

/nula racemosa Hook.f.

Popular Name15

Pushkara (Ay.)

Family

Asteraceae

Distribution

15 19 â&#x20AC;˘

North- western Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 1600 4200m.

IUCN Status45

Critically Endangered

Threats 45

1, 3, 5 & 4

Part/s6 â&#x20AC;˘ 15

Root

Adulterant/s42

Roots of Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke, lnula royleana DC.

Substitute/s42

Roots of Iris germanica Linn.

Dose/s

Root powder - 1-3gm.

Uses s, 15, 19f

Ay. :Anorexia (Aruchi), Flatulence with gurgling sound (Adhmana), Hiccough (Hikka), Fever (Jvara), Cough (Kasa), Asthma (Shvasa), Intercostal neuralgia (Parsvasula), Oedema (Shopha), Facial paralysis (Ardita), Anemia (Pandu).

Properties

Hypoglycaemic, Antiasthmatic, Antidyspnoea, Anthelminthic, Expectorant and Diuretic, Seed is aphrodisiac.

Formulations 15

Ay. : Kankayana Gutika, Kumaryasava, Mahanarayana Taila, Manasamitrarka, Dashamularishta, Lodrasava, Rasnadi Kvathachurna.

Safety/Toxicity

Traditional uses of Drug in recommended dose is considered to be safe.

Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

lnula racemosa Hook. f.

S. No.

Botanical Name

Microstylis wallichii Lindle Syn. Malaxis acuminata D.Don.

Popular Name16

Jivaka (Ay.)

Family

Orchidaceae

Distribution 16

Temperate and subtropical Himalayas, viz. Shimla to Sikkim, Anamalai hills in South India, Khasi hills and Andaman at an altitude ranging between 1200-1700 m.

IUCN Status40

Rare

Threats Part/s

Pseudo bulbs

Adulterant/s Substitute/s 46

Tuber of Pueraria tuberosa DC.

Dose/s Uses

16 46 â&#x20AC;˘ /

Ay.: Skin diseases (Kushtha), Piles (Arsha), Diseases of Children (Balroga), Burning sensation (Daha), Fistula-in-ano (Bhagandra).

Properties

Restorative.

Formulations 46

Ay. : Sudarshana Churna .

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Microstylis wal/ichii Lindle

Botanical Name

Myrica escu/enta Buch.- Ham. ex D. Don. Syn. M. farquhariana Wall., M. sapida Wall., M. nagi Hook. f. in part, non Thunb.

Popular Name12. 44

Katphala (Ay.)

Family

Myricaceae

Distribution 12

Subtropical Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 12oo-2000m.

IUCN Status40

common

Threats Partfs&Âˇ 21, 44

Bark and fruit

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Dose/s Uses

6 1 21 â&#x20AC;˘ 2.

Bark and Fruit powder - 3-5 gm.

Ay. : Piles (Arsha), Malabsorption syndrome (Grahani), Lump in abdomen (Gulma), Fever (Jvara), Cough (Kasa), Asthma (Shvasa), Polyurea (Meha), Anemia (Pandu Roga), Nausea (Hrillasa), Diseases of mouth (Mukha Roga), Poor appetite (Agnimandya), Anorexia (Aruchi), Throat diseases (Kantharoga). Un. : Chronic Cough (Sual - Muzmin), Asthma (Zeeq-un-Nafas), Neurasthenia (Zof-e-Asab), Diarrhoea (lshal).

Properties Formulations

Astringent, Carminative and Antiseptic. 12. 21

Ay. : Mahavishagarbha Taila, Pushyanuga Churna , Brihatphala Ghrita, Erimedadi Taila, Bala Taila, Khadiradi Gutika , Maha Vatagajankusha Rasa. Un. : Habb-e-mubarrak, Habb-e-munaish, Raughan-e-Surkha, Safoof, lstihaza.

Safety!Toxicity 26

Wax is carcinogenic.

Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Myrica esculenta Buch.- Ham.ex D.Don.

- ..

...,_,.. __ _ c-r-..,_

.....-.,

- - 路 '14 " ........ ,..

._,

........

,.,.

;-~ 1

....

... ....

f "'

~..~_.::=

".#:hoot

Botanical Name

Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Syn. Nardostachys grandiflora DC.

Popular Name4•10 •20

Jatamamsi (Ay.); sPang-spos (Sr.); Sumbui-Ut-Teeb (Un.)

Family

Valerianaceae

Distribution 4

Sub-alpine Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 3000-5000

m. IUCN Status 45 Threats

Criticallly rare

2, 4, 1 & 5

Part/s4

Rhizome

Adulterant/s 49

Rhizomes of Selinum vaginatum C.B. Clarke, Selinum tenuifolium Wall. ex. DC.

Substitute/s Dose/s

Rhizome powder - 2-3 gm. Rhizome decoction- 5-10 gm.

Uses

4, s ,10,11,20,44f

Ay. : Burning sensation (Daha), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Erysipelas (Visarpa), Mental diseases (Manasaroga), Insomnia (Anidra), Oedema (Shopha), Piles (Arsh), Hiccough (Hikka), Asthma (Shvasa), Cough (Kasa), Emesis (Chhardi), Calculus (Ashmari), Diseases due to Vatadosha (Vatavyadhi), Pain (Shula), Traumatic wound (Aghataja vrana), Fracture (Bhagna), Mouth and Eye Diseases (Mukha-Netra Roga), Flatulence (Adhmana). Sd. : Hysteria (Soothika vatham), Convulsive affections (valippu noigal), Palpitation of Heart (ldhaya padapadppu) and Intestinal colic (Vayitru vall). Sr. : Chronic fever , Spleen disorder, Pathogenic diseases . Un.: Flatulence (Nafkh-e-Shikam), Dropsy (lstisqua), Jaundice (Yarqan), Hepatitis (Waram-e-Kabid), Waram-e-Rahem, Waram-eMasana, Suda.

Properties

Stimulant, Antispasmodic, Diuretic, Emmenagogue and Laxative.

Formulations4 •20•30

Ay. : Lavangadi Churna, Gandhataila, Dashmularishta, Brahmivati, Medhya Rasayana. Un. : Jawarish-e- Fanjnosh, Barshasha, Anoshdaru, Anoshdaru Lulvi, Kohal-e- Roshnai, Sufoof-e-Mohazzil, lyarij-e-Faiqra, Raughan-e-Babuna Qawi, Zimad-e-Sumbul-ut-teeb.

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication 13

Avoid during pregnancy and breast feeding.

Nardostachys jatamansi DC.

Rile tAyl !tkkim

l< a:.

Rhizome

&OOlOS'AL &IJ£Aani Cf~Til.E t o\,.....,

............. 14?'

.....,,,~, wl

r... ..,.,.,

...,

... ,

>Jii"

- .. ~-!1. ~~ .ft,.,~:Ji~··Ol ........ _ \61offn ..~<f----~ -- IW-~Ri'-~...1~1

,.__........_ ....,_.,.""--

--- -

_....,.~

sw• • -.....JU~.._~, 4{(

t-i"'t.·

;::,,._ll i..~ •;~.:-··_n''!!'f

w..J.

Selinum vaginatum Clarke

Selinum tenuifolium Wall.

32 Botanical Name

Oroxylum indicum Vent.

Popular Name12

Shyonaka (Ay.)

Family

Bignoniaceae

Distribution

Throughout Himalayan regions in semi to moist tropical forests at an altitude ascending up to 1000 m.

IUCN Status40

Rare

Threats Partls12

Root

Adulterant/s 49

Stem bark of Oroxylum indicum Vent.

Substitute/s 49

Root and Root bark of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.

Dose/s 12

Root powder - 5-10 g Root Decoction - 25 - 50g.

Uses 6 â&#x20AC;˘ 12â&#x20AC;˘ 44/

Ay. : Inflammation (Shotha), Anorexia (Aruchi), Diseases of Urinary bladder (Basti Roga), Rheumatoid arthritis (Amavata), Cough (Kasa), Diseases of ear (Karna Roga) , Diseases of abdomen (Udara Roga) , Diseases due to Vata Dosha (Vatavyadhi), Diarrhoea/Dysentery (Atisara), Otorrhoea (Putikarna).

Properties Formulations

Astringent, Diaphoretic, Purgative. 12

Ay. : Brahma Rasayana, Dashamularishta , Dashmula Kvathachurna, Dantyadyarishta, Narayana Taila, Amritarishta, Dhanavantara Ghrita, Cyavanaprasha Avaleha.

SafetyfToxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Oroxylum indicum Vent.

Root

S!t'l11 8,1rk

Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.

Botanical Name

Picrorhiza kurroa auct. non Royle Syn. P. scrophulariaeflora Pennell

Popular Name8

Katuka (Ay.)

Family

Scrophulariaceae

Distribution 23â&#x20AC;˘30

North Himalayas from Kashmir to Sikkim at an altitude ranging between 2500-4500m.

IUCN Status45

Endangered

Threats45

4, 2, 11, & 5

Part/s8

Rhizome

Adulterant/s49

Roots of Lagotis glauca Gaertn.

Substitute/s Dose/s 8

Rhizome powder - 1 - 3 gm.

Uses

Ay. : Asthma (Shvasa), Burning sensation (Daha) , Fever (Jvara),

a,2a, 24, 44

Jaundice (Kamala), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Intermittent fever (Visamajvara), Anorexia (Aruchi), Heart diseases (Hridayaroga), Hyperacidity (Amlapitta), Hiccough (Hikka). Sd. : Fever (Suram), Liver diseases (Kalleral noi), Digestive disorder (Mantham), Ulcer (Vayitru Pun) Un. : Weakness of stomach (Zofe-mdea), Dyspepsia (Zof-eHazam), Flatulence (Nafaka-e- Shikam), Dropsy (lstisqua). Formulations8

Ay. : Arogyavardhini Gutika, Tiktaka Ghrita , Sarvajvarahara Lauha, Mahatiktaka Ghrita.

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Picrorhiza kurroa auct. non Royle

__ .. ....__. ....

(dtnl C-.11 laf ._ftt II~-

·-

,..,.,...._ f2Ul:

'-••""""I v.•

-·--n...,....,.-a....: ..,...._... ...

o - J - IHII!o

Lagotis glauca Gaertn.

Botanical Name

Pinus roxburghii Sarg., Syn. P. longifolia Roxb.

Popular Name12

Sarala (Ay.)

Family

Pinaceae

Distribution12

Himalayas from an altitude ranging between 600 -1830m.

IUCN Status

Abundant

Threats

Part/s12

Root, Heart Wood, Resin.

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s12

Root, Heart Wood - 1-3gm

Uses12

Ay. : Eye diseases (Netraroga), Burning sensation (Daha), Diseases of throat (Kantha Roga), Syncope (Murchchha), Wound (Vrana), Diseases of ear (Karnaroga), Cough (Kasa).

Formulations12

Ay. : Karpuradyarka, Sudarshana Churna.

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Pinus roxburghii Sarg.

Botanical Name

Podophyllum hexandrum Royle Syn. P. emodiWall. ex Hook.f. & Thoms.

Popular Name10路43 Family

Podophyllaceae

Distribution 19

Throughout Himalayas from Kashmir to Sikkim at an altitude ranging between 2600 -4500m.

IUCN Status45

Critically Endangered

Threats45

3, 4, 2, 1 & 5

Part/s19

Rhizome, Root, Resin.

Adulterant/s

Rhizomes of Ainsliaea latifolia (D.Don) Sch.Bip.

Substitute/s Resin -125-250mg Root powder - 250 mg - 500 mg Usess,1o,19,43f

Ay. : Skin diseases (Tvakroga), Liver disorders (Vakritvikara), Chronic constipation (Jirna Vibandha), Gout (Vatarakta), Rheumatoid arthritis (Amavata), Poor appetite (Agnimandya), Genital warts. Sr. : Gynaecological disorders .

Properties

Purgative and Antimitotic.

Formulation Safety/Toxicity19

Drug is strongly irritant to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes.

Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Podophyllum hexandrum Royle

Botanical Name

Polygonatum cirrhifolium Royle

Popular Name10â&#x20AC;˘18

Mahameda (Ay.); Ra-mnye (Sr.)

Family

Liliaceae

Distribution 18â&#x20AC;˘49

Temperate Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 2000-3000m.

IUCN Status40

Endangered

Threats Part/s18

Rhizome and Root

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Dose/s18

Rhizome and Root Powder 3 - 6 g.

Uses

Ay. : Diseases of Children (Balaroga), Burning sensation (Daha),

10,18

Fever (Jvara), Jaundice (Kamala), Bleeding disorder (Raktapitta), Blood disorder (Raktavikara), Debility due to chest injury (Kshatakshina ). Sr. : Pain in kidneys, Fluid retention in joints, Dropsy, Impotency, Lung diseases. Formulations 18

Ay. : Ashoka Ghrita, Shiva Gutika, Amritaprasha Ghrita, Dashamularishta, Dhanvantara Taila, Masha Taila , Mahanarayana Taila, Vasachandanadi Taila.

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Polygonatum cirrhifolium Royle

37 Botanical Name

Polygonatum vertlcillatum (L.) Ait.

Popular Name32

Meda(Ay.)

Family

Liliaceae

Distribution 32

Temperate Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 240Q-2800m.

IUCN Status

Threats 33

Vulnerable

Part/s

Rhizome

Adulterant/s

Substitute/s

Dose/s

Uses

Formulations 46

Ay. : Diseases of Children (Balroga), Jaundice (Kamala).

Ay. : Bala Ghrita, Mahapadmaka Taila, Triphaladi Ghrita.

Safety/Toxicity

Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Polygonatum verticilatum (L.) Ait

Botanical Name

Portulaca oleracea Linn.

Popular Name8

Ghotika (Ay.)

Family

Portulacaceae

Distribution 8 â&#x20AC;˘23

Throughout Himalayas at an altitude ascending up to 1500 m.

IUCN Status40

Abundant

Threats Part/s8

Whole Plant

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Dose/s 8 Uses

Plant powder- 3-6gm.

8.23

Ay. : Poor appetite (Agnimandya), Inflammation (Shotha), Piles (Arsha), Lump in abdomen (Gulma), Polyurea (Prameha), Wound (Vrana). Un. : Shiddat-e- Atash, Galayan-e- Dam, Ziyadati-e- Safra, Sogishe-meda, Amawa Baul.

Formulations

8 23 â&#x20AC;˘

Ay. : Marma Gutika. Un. : Mufarresh, Barid, Banadiq-ui-Buzoor.

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication25

Avoid during pregnancy.

Portulaca o/eracea Linn.

---~

u.,l.

r.... "~uJ._ ""'"';>

Nk".~.~- lc..â&#x20AC;˘..,

Botanical Name

Prunus cerasoides D. Don.

Popular Name12

Padmaka (Ay.)

Family

Rosaceae

Distribution 12

Temperate Himalayas viz. Garhwal to Sikkim at an altitude ranging between 910-1820 m.

IUCN Status Threats Part/s12,44

Heart wood

Adulterant/s 42

Heart wood attached with bark of Prunus cerasoides D .Don., old material of Stem bark

Substitute/s Dose/a 12

Wood powder -1-3 gm.

Uses 12â&#x20AC;˘44

Ay. : Vertigo (Bhrama), Burning sensation (Daha), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Bleeding disorders (Raktapitta), Blister (Visphota), Emesis (Chhardi), Erysipelas (Visarpa) Cough (Kasa), Gout (Vatarakta), Hlccough (Hikka) and Asthma (Shvasa).

Formulations 12

Ay. : Chandanasava, Dashmularlshta, Ushlrasava, Khadlradl Gutika, Guduchyadi Kvathachurna, Guduchyadi Talla, Mrltasanjlvanl Sura, Karpuradyarka.

Safety!Toxlclty Contra Indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Prunus cerasoides D.Don.

--..

-·-"·

~c.-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

-'-•~

40 Botanical Name

Rheum australe D.Don. Syn. R. emodi Wall. ex Maissen.

Popular Name

Amlavetasa (Ay.)

Family

Polygonaceae

Distribution 49

Throughout Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 30004500m.

IUCN Status 45

Vulnerable, Rare

Threats 45

2, 4,1 & 5

Part/s

Rhizome

Adulterant/s41 â&#x20AC;˘49

Seeds of Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso. Root of Begonia rex Putz.

Substitute/s Rhizome powder -1-3gm.

Dose/s 21 Uses

Ay. : Toothache (Dantashula), Ulcer (Antarvrana).

6 21 â&#x20AC;˘

Un. :Jaundice (Yarqan), Drospsy (lstisqa), Amenorrhea (Ehtehas-

e- Tams), Anuria (Entebas-e-Baul), Waram-e-kabid. Purgative and Astringent tonic. Formulations

Un. : Habb-e-Miskeen Nawaz, Habb-e-Mushil lstisqaee Dawa-uiLuk.

Safety/Toxicity Contra indications35 Patients suffering from Arthritis, hemorrhoids, Nephropathy and Intestinal obstruction should not use this drug.

Rheum australe D.Don.

.............., ......,._ ...... .,.... . . . H IE- I l i U M

.........

~~Sa

........... 111':?1

--~ _ .. _ _

ÂŁ~..._ .t~w4.fl.

::::.. - ~~ -

~ ,...._.t.

~- v,~~

,g'_'

Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso

41 Botanical Name

Rhus parviflora Roxb.

Popular name18

Tintidika (Ay.)

Family

Anacardiaceae

Distribution

Dry hot slopes of Himalayas viz. Punjab to Nepal and hills of Peninsular India at an altitude ranging between 600-2100 m.

IUCN Status40

Common

Threats Part/s 18

Aerial Part

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Dose/s 18 Uses

Powder (aerial parts)- 3-6 gm.

Ay. : Poor appetite (Agnimandya), Anorexia (Aruchi), Diarrhoea (Atisara), Dysentery (Pravahika), Thirst (Trishna), Diseases due to Vata Dosha (Vatavikara).

Formulations

Ay. : Yavani Shadava, Hinguvachadi Churna, Ramabana Rasa.

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

107

째

Rhus parviflora Roxb.

108

42 Botanical Name

Roscoea procera Wall. Khsirakakoli (Ay.)

Family

Zingiberaceae

Distribution 32

Throughout Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 1600-2200m.

IUCN Status40

Scarce

Threats Part/s46

Root

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Dose/s Uses 46

Ay. : Malaria ( Vishamajvara) , Diseases due to Pitta dosha (Pittaroga), Bleeding disorders (Raktapitta), Eye diseases (Netraroga), Jaundice (Kamala), Heart diseases (Hridayaroga), Burning sensation (Daha), Polyurea (Mehroga).

Formulations 46

Ay. : Maha Guduchi Ghrita, Maha Padmaka Taila.

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Roscoea procera Wall.

Botanical Name

Rubia cordifolia Linn. senus Hook.f.

Popular Name10·12

Manjistha (Ay.); bTsod (Sr.)

Family

Rubiaceae

Distribution12

Throughout the Himalayas at an altitude ascending up to 3750m.

IUCN Status Threats PartJs12,44

Stem, Root

Adulterantls Substitute/s Dose/s 12,17,44

Stem powder - 2- 4gm. Root Decoction -50-100 mi.

Uses s,1o,11,12,23,44f

Ay. : Skin diseases (Kushtha), Piles (Arsha), Polyurea (Prameha), Erysipelas (Visarpa), Disorders of female genital tract (Yoni Roga), Eye diseases (Netraroga), Diseases due to Kapha dosha (Shleshmaja roga), Inflammation (Shotha), Ear Diseases (Karnaroga), Polyurea (Meha), Diarrhoea with blood (Raktatisara), Fracture (Bhagna), Measles (Vyanga). Sd. : Skin diseases (Thol noigal), Tuberculosis (Eiaippu erumal), Haemoptysis (Mookil kurthi vadithal). Sr. : Blood diseases , Intestinal fever . Un. : Anuria (Ehtabas-e-Baul), Amraz-e-Barida Asabia, Daad, Bahaq, Bars, Aasar-e-jild.

Properties

Root-Antidysenteric, Antiseptic and Vermifuge.

Formulations 12•23·37

Ay. : Chandanasava, Aravindasava, Ashvagandharishta, Ushirasava, Brihat Manjishthadi Kvatha, Manjishthadi Tail, Khadiradi Gutika,Vyaghri Taila. Un. : Majoon Dabeed-ul-ward, Raughan Surkh, Dawa-ui-Kukum.

Safety/Toxicity 17

Drug used traditionally in prescribed dose may be considered safe.

Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Rubia cordifolia Linn. senus Hook.f.

Botanical Name

Saussurea costus ( Feic.) Lipach. Syn. S. lappa C.B. Clarke

Popular Name4•6.20·44

Kushtha (Ay.);Qust (Un.)

Family

Asteraceae

Distribution IUCN Status Threats

---------------------------

Kashmir eastwards at an altitude ranging between 2500 - 3000 m. Also cultivated in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Sikkim

Critically Endangered

1, 4 & 5

Part/s

Root and Stem

Adulterant/s 30•39•42•49

Roots of Euphorbia thomsoniana Boiss., Salvia lanata Roxb., Senecio jacquemontianus Benth, Roots of lnula royleana DC., lnula racemosa Hook.f., Carduus nutans Linn., Articum lappa Linn

Substitute/s Dose/s 4,111,44

Root powder- 0.2o-1 gm.

Uses

Ay. : Asthma (Shvasa), Cough (Kasha), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Gout (Vatarakta), Erysipelas (Visarpa), Oedema (Shopha), Headache (Shirashula), Rheumatism (Amavata), Snake-poisoning (Sarpavisha) and Mental diseases (Manasaroga)

4,&,19,20,24,44/

Sd. :Bronchial Asthma (lraippu), Piles (Moolam). Un. : Hemiplegia(Falij), Facial Paralysis(Laqwa), Tremor(Rasha), Splenitis(Waram-e-Tehal), Intestinal Worms (Deedan-e-ama), Amenorrhea (Ehtebas-e-Tams), Daf-e-Taffun, Waj-e-Mafasil, Niqras, Properties Formulations

Antifungal , Anthelminthic , Antiasthmatic, Antidiabetic , Carminative. Stomachic, Stimulant, Spasmodic. 4 20 30 • •

Ay. : Kushthadi Chruna, Naryana Churna, Narayana Taila, Phala Ghrita, Khushthadi Kvatha, Dashamularishta, Kumaryasava, Yogaraj Guggulu, Kottamchukkadi Tail. Un. : Jawarish-e-Jalinoos, Dawa-ui-Kurkum, Majoon-e-Dabeedul Ward, Majoon-e-Juntiyana, Majoon-e- Khadar, Tiryaq-e- Samania, Zimad-e-Khanazeer, Sabadaritoos, Anqaruya-e-kabir.

SafetyfToxicity

Contra indications

Overdose leads to restlessness and muscle cramps. External use of Costus oil induces allergic contact dermatitis. Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Saussurea costus (Feic.) Lipach.

115

Saussurea costus (Feic.) Lipach.

Botanical Name

Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Flem.) Karsten Syn. S. chirata Buch.Ham. ex C.B.Ciarke

Popular Name4 •20

Kiratatikta (Ay.); Chiraita (Un.)

Family

Gentianaceae

Distribution 3 •4 •20

Temperate Himalayas from Kashmir to Bhutan, Khasi hills of Meghalaya at an altitude ranging between 1200-3000m.

IUCN Status 45

Criticallly rare

Threats

Partls4

Whole plant

Adulterant/s Substitute/s 42

Dose/s

,2°·44

Swertia angustifolia Buch. - Ham., S. alata (D. Don.) Royle., Andrographis paniculata Wall. ex Nees. Plant powder - 1- 3gm. Plant decoction -20-30 mi.

Uses 4,6,20,44

Ay. : Inflammation (Shotha), Burning sensation (Daha), Fever (Jvara), Worms infestation (krimi), Itching (Kandu), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Polyurea (Meha), Thirst (Trishna), Wound (Vrana), Digestive problems (Pachan vikar), Oedema (Shopha), Emesis (Chhardi), Asthma (Shvasa), Liver disorders (Yakritvikara), Rheumatism (Amavata). Un. : Dyspepsia (Su-e-Hazam), Flatulence (Nafkh-e-Shikam), Blood purifier (Fasad-ud-Dam), Acne, Pimples (Busoor), Strangury (Taqteer-ul- Baul), lstisqa-e-Ziqqi.

Formulations

4 5 20 • •

Ay. : Sudarshan Churna, Chhinnodbhavadi Kvathachurna. Hp. : Swertia chirayita mother tincture. Un. : Mojoon-e-musaff-e-khoon, Majoon-e-Masikui-Baul, Araq-eJuzan.

~~==~======================================~

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication 35

Patients suffering from duodenal or gastric ulcer should not use this drug.

Swertia chirayita (Roxb.ex Fleming) Karsten

Andrographis paniculata Linn

119

Swertia alata Royle

25Jif

_ , . J.J.

- ,-_ t.lllr

o..;....._

..... J'f"'.

......,...... ,.,_,..,,

"-1'

(..,,.,,.~

u..~

Swertia angustifolia Buch.-Ham.

46 Botanical Name

Taxus baccata Linn.

Popular Name12

Sthauneya, Shukapushpa (Ay.)

Family

Taxaceae

Distribution 3 •12

Temperate Himalayas at an altitudes ranging between 1800 3300m. The hills of Meghalaya and Manipur at an altitude of 1500m.

IUCN Status 45 Threats

Part/s30

Criticallly rare 1&5 Leaf, Bark

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Dose/s Uses

12.44

s ,11,12, 1&,44J

Leaf powder -1-3 gm. Ay. : Burning Sensation (Daha), Worm infestation (Krimi), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Blood diseases (Rakta vikara), Thirst (Trishna), Cancer (Arbuda - Karkata), Fever (Jvara), Oedema (Shopha), Epilepsy (Apasmara), Headache (Shirashula), Coldness of extremities (Shitangata), Diarrhoea (Atisara). Sd.: Cardiac disorders (Thamaraga nogal), Bronchial congestion (Moochu thinaral)

Properties

Anticancer, Lithotriptic, Antispasmodic and Emmenagogue.

Formulations 3 •4•12

Ay. : Bala Talla, Mahanarayana Talla.

Safety!Toxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Taxus baccata Linn.

Taxus baccata Linn .

.._..

.............

....

...,.... ........ )JIIpgi,J-

-- r. . . ,....... 4tn. ~

::---

.. ~

,.,

.. tNt

!.ou.t;.~

T-

,.._ - ;;.rJ~~~~==~~~~~~~~~ ::: -: 路 ~路~~ ~~~~~~(

47 Botanical Name

Thalictrum foliolosum DC.

Popular Name6 â&#x20AC;˘10

Pitamulika (Ay.); sNgo-sprin (Sr.)

Family

Ranunculaceae

Distribution 47

Throughout Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 15232727m.

IUCN Status45

Vulnerable, Rare

Threats 45

1, 2, 4 & 5

Partls 47

Root

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Dose/s 47 Uses

6 10 â&#x20AC;˘ /

Root powder-o.s -1 gm. Ay. : Dyspepsia (Ajirna). Sr. : Inflammation , Fever.

Properties

Diuretic, Purgative, Bitter tonic during convalescence.

Formulation Safetyfroxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Thalictrum fo/iolosum DC.

Botanical Name

Thymus serpyllum Linn.

Popular Name44

Ajagandha (Ay.)

Family

Lamiaceae

Distribution 40

Throughout Himalayas at an altitude ranging between 17002500m.

IUCN Status

Scarce

Threats Part/s

Whole plant

Adulterant/s Substitute/s Dose/s 44 Uses

6 44 â&#x20AC;˘ /

Whole plant powder - 3-Sgm. Ay. : Lump in abdomen (Gulma), Abdominal enlargement (Udaravriddhi), Cough (Kasa), Stiffness of Thigh Muscles (Urustambha), Wound (Vrana), Diseases due to Vata Dosha (Vatavyadhi), Goitre (Galaganda), Seizures in children (Balgraha), Fever (Jvara), Suppression of urine (Mutraghata), Convulsions (Aksepa), Whooping-cough (Kukkurakasa) and Epilepsy (Apasmara).

Properties

Sedative.

Formulation 9

Hp. : Thymus serpyllum mother tincture.

Safety/Toxicity 35

Oil is toxic and very irritant to skin.

Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Thymus serpyllum Linn.

49 Botanical Name

Valeriana wallichii DC. Syn. V. jatamansi Jones

Popular Name4.20

Tagara (Ay.); Tagar (Un.)

Family

Valerianaceae

Distribution 4â&#x20AC;˘19

Temperate Himalayas from Kashmir to Bhutan at an altitude ranging between 1800 - 3000 m. and Khasi hills at an altitude ascending upto 3,000 m.

IUCN Status 45

Criticallly rare

Threats 45

2,1 4 & 5

Partls4

Rhizome

Adulterant/s Substitute/s 49

Rhizomes and Roots of Nymphoides macrospermum Vasudevan. Roots of Coleus veniveroides K.C. Jacob.

Dose/s 4â&#x20AC;˘19 Uses 4,19~/

Rhizome powder- 1-3 g. Ay. : Eye diseases (Netraroga), Epilepsy (Apasmara), Schizophrenia (Unmada), Diseases of Head (Shlroroga). Un. : Hepatitis (Waram-e-Kabld), Anuria(Ehtebas-e- Baul), Dropsy (lstisqa), Hemiplegia (Falij), Facial Paralysis (Laqwa), Paralysis (lstirkha), Sara, Khadar, Nisyan, Yarqan-e-Suddi, Salabat-e- Tehal, Waj-ul- Mafasil, lruqm-Nisa, Niqras, Waj-ui-Warik, Zof-e-Bah, Ehtebas-e-Haiz.

Properties

Antispasmodic, Sedative, Carminative.

Formulations 4~

Sufoof-e-Qaranful. Safety/Toxicity Contra Indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Valeriana wallichii DC.

130

Botanical Name

Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Syn. Z. alatum Roxb. and its var. planispinum (Sieb.& Zucc.) Rehd. & E.H. Wils; Z. planispinum Sieb. & Zucc.

Popular Name8

Tejovatl (Ay.)

Family

Rutaceae

Distribution

8 19 â&#x20AC;˘

Hotter valleys of Himalayas viz. Jammu to Khasi hills at an altitude ranging between 600-1800 m. Eastern ghats in Orissa, Assam and Andhra Pradesh at an altitude ascending upto 1200 m.

IUCN Status40

Scarce

Threats Partls

Stem bark and Fruit

Adulterant/s Substitute/s 42 Dose/s

8 44 â&#x20AC;˘

Fruits of Zanthoxylum rhetsa DC., Z. acanthopodium DC. Fruit powder -1-3 gm. Decoction -10-20 g.

Uses

a ,a ,19,44J

Ay. : Anorexia (Aruchi), Asthma (Shvasa), Rheumatoid Arthritis (Amavata), Cough (Kasa), Diseases of Mouth (Mukharoga), Skin diseases (Kushtha), Piles (Arsha), Hiccough (Hikka), Stiffness of Thigh Muscles (Urustambha), lump in abdomen (Gulma), Fever (Jvara), Dyspepsia (Ajirna), Dental disorders (Dantavikara), Scabies (Vicharchika).

Properties

Dentifrice, Carminative, Stomachic and Anthelminthic.

Formulation 8

Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita, Kalaka Churna (Lepa).

Safety/Toxicity Contra indication

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Zanthoxylum armatum DC.

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