The Short Storybook of
Shapes&Dots Family Make English Grammar Fun & Easy
By Judit Usha Tarcy
Content Development Judith Usha Tarcy
Design & Illustrations Asim Hussain
ISBN 978-969-7603-25-1 Edition 1st 2017
All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or translated, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of bookline. · Karachi · Lahore · Rawalpindi email: info@bookline.pk website: www.bookline.pk
The Short Storybook of
Shapes&Dots Family Make English Grammar Fun & Easy
By Judit Usha Tarcy
Introduction
i
Content
2
Noun and Adjective Family Members
“Naming Nanny” represents nouns
“Describe Uncle” represents adjectives
Story “Naming Nanny” is a very simple but very nice and kind person. Sometimes she wears a hair clip which look like and “s” or “re”. “Describe Uncle” is a fat man. When he eats more, he becomes fatter and when he eats even more he becomes the fattest. He loves “Naming Nanny” a lot. Actually he is in love with her, but “Naming Nanny” doesn’t mind him at all. She is all right without “Describe Uncle”. But “Describe Uncle” needs “Naming Nanny” a lot.
Practice
The Nice
book
The
This best 1
person.
This
is lady
is
pretty
Verb “Action Dog” 2nd form
1st form
(past)
(infinitive)
-ing form -s form of the verb
3rd form (past participle)
“Action Dog” represents verbs
Story Everybody in Shapes&Dots Family loves Action Dog a lot. He is such a unique creature. There is only one of him in each simple sentence. But still, Action Dog is only a dog, and most of the time he only follows other family members like helping verbs and pronounces.
Practice went
go
said
...................
say
saying goes
laid
....................
eat
eating reads
read
..................
rose
laying
................. ....................
rise
................. walk
................... lies
lifts lifted
reading
said
lift
ate
.............
..............
gone
.................
read
.................... ..................
laid
risen
2
.................... ....................
Other Words Tunnel Words & “PrepEngine” here
there
from
over on
up onto
this
at
with
without
PrepEngine
n
a, a
in
down
into out
in front of behind between near to
under
far from
Story Prepositions are always followed by the words that they refer to. This is why it comes in a shape of an engine which pulls the carriages (i.e. other words) Tunnel words take place in a shape which looks like a conjoined Th. The words that represent the near places are in “this side” of the tunnel, and the words represent the “far” places are at the other side of the tunnel.
Practice
3
Other Words
ich Wh
Why
Wh Car
What
re
Whe n
Whe
whom
whose
S
Story The headlight shows “where” to go. The steering wheel is for choosing “which” way to go. The driver is “who” drives the car. We don’t really know “why” the neck cushion is there... “What” is in the bag on the back seat? “When” do the back lights blink? “When” we hit the brake. The front wheels are pulled by “PrepEngine”. These whees are connectedto the driver, by “whom” the car is driven. The back wheels are followed by “Superman” (see next page). Actually he is the real owner of the car so when we ask “Whose is this car”, the answer is “mine, yours, his, hers, ours” or “theirs”. The odd one out is the road. We ask “How is the road?”. And the answer can be “Slippery, bumpy, steep etc.
4
Pronouns Pronoun “Neighbours” It
It
I
me
she he
u
yo
u
yo
us
you
them
they
you
we
her hi m
PrepEngine
Mr Man represents impersonal pronouns
Paul represents object pronouns
Story Mr Man has a son who likes to play with his toy engine. It means that many times “Paul words” are followed by a preposition (ie. PrepEngine)
Practice
5
Possessive Pronouns Possessive “Neighbours” Its
its
my
mine
r
u yo
rs
u yo
ours
yours
s
Mr. Box represents possessive adjectives
their
their
your
our
hers s hi
her hi s
Superman represents possessive pronouns
Story “Mr Box” always carries a box in his left hand (better said in his “east” hand). It means he is always followed by a noun (”Naming Nanny”). “Superman” is very similar to “Mr Box” but we mustn’t forget about the “-s” at the end.
Practice
6
Helping Verbs “Do Brother” & “Have Granddad” did
had
do does
have has
“Do Brother” represents “do” as an auxiliary
“Have Granddad” represents “have” as an auxiliary
Story “Do Brother” is a naughty brother. Sometimes he helps, sometimes he doesn’t. He is very curious and likes contradicting. So he is always there when there is a question or a negation. “Have Granddad” is responsible for feeding, so the next verb must keep his mouth open, i.e. use the 3rd form (past participle) after “have” as an auxiliary.
Practice
7
Helping Verbs Be Father & Cyclops will
am
be was
are
shall
being were
been
is
can
could may might
should
must
would
dare
“Be Father” represents “be” as an auxiliary
need
“Cyclops” represents modal verbs
Story “Be Father” is the busiest member of the family. Later we will learn how much work he has. “Cyclops” is just a very simple-minded creature. He doesn’t even know the past. It means that modal verbs only have one form. He will need the help of “Have Granddad” to be able to express the past.
Practice
8
Present and Past The Ladies Past simple
Present simple
“Time Mother” represents the simple tenses Past Perfect Past
Continuous
Present
Continuous
“Ing Baby” represents the continuous tenses
Present Perfect
Past Present Perfect Perfect Continuous Continuous
“Ongoing Bee” represents the perfect continuous tenses
“Perfect Granny” represents the perfect tenses
Story These three ladies form all the past and present tenses. See below.
Past continuos
Present Simple
Present perfect Past perfect continuos 9
Future “Future Sheep”
“Future Sheep” represents most of the future tenses
Story We don't know much about the future this is why we use present tenses for the future most of the time. Sometimes we add a “Cyclops” to express how sure we are about the future event.
Practice Present continuous for the future going to Future perfect continuous
Present simple for the future
Present perfect for the future
10
Future simple
Negative Step4Town & “Not Parrot” Positive Side
Negative Side
There is a river between the two sides and there are two islands in the river
“Not Parrot” lives in the Negative Side
Story “Not Parrot” likes only the triangles, “Do Brother”, “Have Granddad “, Be Father” and the “Cyclops”.
Practice haven’t
didn’t doesn’t
can’t wasn’t won’t aren’t
shan’t
mayn’t mightn’t
daren’t
11
needn’t
Question The “Question River�
Wh
Question River
Island
There are Wh (open) questions in the left island
Yes/No Island
There are yes/no (closed) questions in the right island
Story Both islands are divided into two parts. The positive part is for positive questions the negative part is for negative questions.
Practice Wh Island
Y/N Island
?
? What Who
is is
Are Is Am
this? there? 12
you she I
happy? tall? nice?
Short Forms of the Helping Verbs
‘d (had) ‘ve (have)
‘m (am) ‘re (are)
‘s (has)
‘s (is)
‘ll (will)
‘d (would)
Story Short forms can be used mostly when a noun (”Naming Nanny”) or a personal pronoun (”Mr Man”) comes before “Be Father”, “Have Granddad” or “Cyclops”.
Practice Full form
Short form
we are
we’re
............. , ..............
he’d
they will
..................
...............
she’s
13
Affixes of the Noun Hair Clips of “Naming Nanny” Plural
Possesive
s
Short Forms of “Be Father”
‘re
‘s ‘s
Story There are four different affixes a noun can get, so there are four clips “Naming Nanny” can get.
book
s
Practice
‘s
cat boy 14
‘re
‘s
Enhancement of Adjectives “Describe Uncle” is Eating
Positive “Describe Uncle”
Comperative “Describe Uncle”
Superlative “Describe Uncle”
Story “Describe Uncle” is already fat but he is still eating and becomes fatter, and when he eats the most, he is the fattest in the family.
Practice fat
.................
.................
..................
happier
.................
interesting
more interesting
most ..................
..................
better
best
...................
worse
worst
15
Numbers “Plus Kid” -nd
-st
-rd
-th
Story When “Plus Kid” is the first, he gets -st, when he is the second, he gets -st, when he is the third, he gets -rd, and when he is the forth or upper, he gets -th.
Practice th
1 2 3 4 ...... ...... ...... ...... ......
th
th
th
1st
2nd
3nd
21st 31st ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......
22nd ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......
23nd ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 16
th
4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th................................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ...................................................
Simple Tenses “Time Mother” and Her Help did
st
do
1 form does
Past Simple
Present Simple 2nd 1st form form
Past -s form
Story “Time Mother’s” help is “Do Brother”, but he is a naughty boy and doesn’t like to help. Sometimes he helps, sometimes he doesn’t. Actually he is very curious and likes contradicting so he always helps when there is a question or a negation. When he is there, “Action Dog” has to keep an eye on him because he is a naughty boy anyway. When “Do Brother” is not there, “Action Dog” takes his role.
Practice
Past
We
We She
did
write
He
walked laughed
We She 17
Present
does
work
walk laughs
Continuous Tenses “Ing Baby” and Her Help am was
are
were Past
is
Present
Story “Ing Baby” needs much assistant. This is why “Be Father” is helping her all the time. “Action Dog” likes “Be Father’s” smell, this is why he is using his nose (-ing form) in continuous sentences.
Past
We He
were was
Practice
running swimming
She They
Question
Is Were
he you
Present
is are
sleeping learning
Negative
running? flying?
We They 18
aren’t weren’t
singing painting
Perfect Tenses “Perfect Granny” and Her Help Past Perfect
had
Present Perfect
have
has
Story “Perfect Granny” is responsible for the housework. She says “I have cooked the dinner, come and eat!”. And she says “I have cleaned the floor, don’t step on it!”. And she says “I have washed your clothes, you can put them on.” Her help, “Have Granddad” is responsible for serving at the table. This is why “Action Dog” has opened his mouth...
Past
I
had
Practice
eaten
she
Question
have
you
Present
has
written
Negative
done?
they 19
haven’t
arrived
Perfect Continuos Tenses “Ongoing Bee” and Her Helps had
have
Past Present Perfect Perfect Continuous Continuos
has
been
Story When we need both “Perfect Granny” and “Ing Baby”, we need both of their help as well. The older, “Have Granddad” comes first, then “Be Father”. They have been enjoying each other since “Ongoing Bee” appeared in their life.
Practice
Past
she
had
been
writing
I
Question
have
you
been
Present
have
been
waiting
Negative
eating?
we 20
haven’t
been
working
Simple Passive Tenses “Sleeping Time Mother” am
Past Simple Passive
was
Present Simple Passive
were
are is
Direct Object
Transitive Verb rd 3 form
Story Passive voice is used when we don’t know or don’t want to tell who or what makes the action. In general, there is something to bear he action, this is called the “Passive Naming Nanny”. Because everybody is so passive in the sentence, “Action Dog” always yawns. It means the verb is always used in the 3rd form.
Past
house
was
Practice
built
clothes
Question
Present
are
washed
Negative
? is
this door
the road
painted? 21
isn’t
closed
Continuous Passive Tenses “Sleeping Ing Baby” am was Past
are is
were
Present
being
Direct Object
Transitive Verb rd 3 form
Story For Passive Continuous structure we both need the active continuous and the passive simple participants. As they are too many all together, we will conjoin “Be Father” with the -ing form of the verb.
Past
this book
was
being
Practice
written
the car
Question
Present
is
being
washed
Negative
? are
these houses
being
built?
students 22
aren’t
being
tested
Perfect Passive Tenses Sleeping Perfect Granny Past Perfect
Present Perfect been
Direct Object
Transitive Verb rd 3 form
Story Passive voice is used when we don’t know or don’t want to tell who or what makes the action. In general, there is something to bear he action, his is called the “Passive Naming Nanny”. Because everybody is so passive in the sentence, “Action Dog” always yawns. It means the verb is always used in the 3rd form.
Past
house
was
Practice
built
clothes
Question
Present
are
washed
Negative
? is
the bed
the road
made? 23
isn’t
closed
Continuous Passive Tenses Sleeping Ongoing Bee had
have
Past Present Perfect Perfect Continuous Continuos
has
been
being
Story For Passive Continuous structure we both need the active continuous and the passive simple participants. As they are too many all together, we will conjoin will conjoin “Be Father� with the -ing form of the verb.
Practice Past, Present time
the city
has
been
being
developed for 2 years now
Question
? how long
have
this book
been
24
being
written?
“Zero” Conditional General Conditional If Clause
Main Clause
Present tenses
Present tenses
Story Zero conditional is used, when we talk about general conditions. This is why “when” is possible instead of “if”.
Practice If Clause
Main Clause
If it is snowing
we are sledging. If Clause
Main Clause
We go home when you have arrived home. 25
1st Conditional Conditional in the futurre If Clause
Main Clause
Present tenses for the future (don’t use modal verbs)
Future tenses
Story We don’t normally use “will” in the if clause because “if” refers to the future anyway.
Practice If Clause
Main Clause
If it is raining tomorrow
we will not go out. If Clause
Main Clause
I will teach you
if you come in time. 26
2nd Conditional Mirror Grammar 1 Main Clause
mirror
If Clause
Past simple or continuous
Present simple or continuous
Story We use 2nd conditional when something should have happened in the past to make the present or future condition true. This is why we use past simple (or continuous) in the “if clause”.
Practice If Clause
Main Clause
If you were here I would be happy. If Clause mirror
Main Clause
I would go
if my leg wasn’t broken. 27
3rd Conditional Mirror Grammar 2 Main Clause
mirror
If Clause
Past perfect simple or continuous
Present perfect simple or continuous
Story We use 3rd conditional when something should had happened before the past to make that past condition true. This is why we use past perfect in the “if clause”. Modal verbs have no past (2nd) form, this is why we use present perfect in the “main clause”.
Practice If Clause
Main Clause
If you had cooked dinner I would have eaten. If Clause mirror
Main Clause
She would have com if you had invited her. 28
Indirect Speech (reported speech)
Backshift Grammar Co
ntinuous
can
could
will
Past Simple
may
Present Simple
might
Pe
would
rfect
Story We use indirect speech when we quote somebody without using exact words. We backshift the quotation only when we call back something from the past.
Practice Direct
Indirect (reported)
Past
(quotation)
main clause
relative clause
“I will come”
They said
they would come
“You are beautiful”
She said
...........................
“I bought same nice”
He said
...........................
29
Indirect Speech Questions I
Real Question
I
Indirect Question
Story When we quote a question, It’s not a real question, so we don’t use the question’s word order.
Practice Direct Question
Indirect Question
? “What
are
you doing?”
Present
She asks
Direct Question
doing
Indirect Question
Any time
“Are you here?
what
Past
He asked 30
what
doing
Key
1
Naming Nanny
noun
1
Do Brother
“do” as an auxiliary
2
Describe Uncle
adjective
2
Have Graddad
“have” as an auxiliary
3
Action Dog
verb
3
Be Father
“be” as an auxiliary
4
Th Tunnel
a, an, this, that, these, those, here, there
4
Cyclops
Modal Verbs
5
PrepEngine
prepositions
5
Time Mother
Present and Past Simple
Wh Car
question words
6
-ing baby
Present and Past Continuos
7
Mr Man
personal pronouns
7
Ongoing Bee
Present and Past Perfect Continuos
8
Paul
object pronouns
8
Perfect Granny
Present and Past Perfect
9
Mr Box
possessive adjectives
9
Future Sheep
All Future Tenses
10
Super Man
possessive pronouns
10
Not Parrot
Not (Negation)
ich
Wh
Why
PrepEngine
n Whe
6
What
re
Whe
whom
whose
Past
S
It
PrepEngine
31
The Short Storybook of
Shapes&Dots Family
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