Shapes & dots

The Short Storybook of

Shapes&Dots Family Make English Grammar Fun & Easy

By Judit Usha Tarcy

Content Development Judith Usha Tarcy

Design & Illustrations Asim Hussain

ISBN 978-969-7603-25-1 Edition 1st 2017

All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or translated, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of bookline. · Karachi · Lahore · Rawalpindi email: info@bookline.pk website: www.bookline.pk

The Short Storybook of

Shapes&Dots Family Make English Grammar Fun & Easy

By Judit Usha Tarcy

Introduction

i

Content

2

Noun and Adjective Family Members

“Naming Nanny” represents nouns

“Describe Uncle” represents adjectives

Story “Naming Nanny” is a very simple but very nice and kind person. Sometimes she wears a hair clip which look like and “s” or “re”.

“Describe Uncle” is a fat man. When he eats more, he becomes fatter and when he eats even more he becomes the fattest.

He loves “Naming Nanny” a lot. Actually he is in love with her, but “Naming Nanny” doesn’t mind him at all. She is all right without “Describe Uncle”. But “Describe Uncle” needs “Naming Nanny” a lot.

Practice

The Nice

book

The

This best 1

person.

This

is lady

is

pretty

Verb “Action Dog” 2nd form

1st form

(past)

(infinitive)

-ing form -s form of the verb

3rd form (past participle)

“Action Dog” represents verbs

Story Everybody in Shapes&Dots Family loves Action Dog a lot. He is such a unique creature.

There is only one of him in each simple sentence. But still, Action Dog is only a dog, and most of the time he only follows other family members like helping verbs and pronounces.

Practice went

go

said

...................

say

saying goes

laid

....................

eat

eating reads

read

..................

rose

laying

................. ....................

rise

................. walk

................... lies

lifts lifted

reading

said

lift

ate

.............

..............

gone

.................

read

.................... ..................

laid

risen

2

.................... ....................

Other Words Tunnel Words & “PrepEngine” here

there

from

over on

up onto

this

at

with

without

PrepEngine

n

a, a

in

down

into out

in front of behind between near to

under

far from

Story Prepositions are always followed by the words that they refer to. This is why it comes in a shape of an engine which pulls the carriages (i.e. other words) Tunnel words take place in a shape which looks like a conjoined Th. The words that represent the near places are in “this side” of the tunnel, and the words represent the “far” places are at the other side of the tunnel.

Practice

3

Other Words

ich Wh

Why

Wh Car

What

re

Whe n

Whe

whom

whose

S

Story The headlight shows “where” to go.

The steering wheel is for choosing “which” way to go.

The driver is “who” drives the car.

We don’t really know “why” the neck cushion is there...

“What” is in the bag on the back seat?

“When” do the back lights blink? “When” we hit the brake.

The front wheels are pulled by “PrepEngine”. These whees are connectedto the driver, by “whom” the car is driven.

The back wheels are followed by “Superman” (see next page). Actually he is the real owner of the car so when we ask “Whose is this car”, the answer is “mine, yours, his, hers, ours” or “theirs”.

The odd one out is the road. We ask “How is the road?”. And the answer can be “Slippery, bumpy, steep etc.

4

Pronouns Pronoun “Neighbours” It

It

I

me

she he

u

yo

u

yo

us

you

them

they

you

we

her hi m

PrepEngine

Mr Man represents impersonal pronouns

Paul represents object pronouns

Story Mr Man has a son who likes to play with his toy engine. It means that many times “Paul words” are followed by a preposition (ie. PrepEngine)

Practice

5

Possessive Pronouns Possessive “Neighbours” Its

its

my

mine

r

u yo

rs

u yo

ours

yours

s

Mr. Box represents possessive adjectives

their

their

your

our

hers s hi

her hi s

Superman represents possessive pronouns

Story “Mr Box” always carries a box in his left hand (better said in his “east” hand). It means he is always followed by a noun (”Naming Nanny”).

“Superman” is very similar to “Mr Box” but we mustn’t forget about the “-s” at the end.

Practice

6

Helping Verbs “Do Brother” & “Have Granddad” did

had

do does

have has

“Do Brother” represents “do” as an auxiliary

“Have Granddad” represents “have” as an auxiliary

Story “Do Brother” is a naughty brother. Sometimes he helps, sometimes he doesn’t. He is very curious and likes contradicting. So he is always there when there is a question or a negation.

“Have Granddad” is responsible for feeding, so the next verb must keep his mouth open, i.e. use the 3rd form (past participle) after “have” as an auxiliary.

Practice

7

Helping Verbs Be Father & Cyclops will

am

be was

are

shall

being were

been

is

can

could may might

should

must

would

dare

“Be Father” represents “be” as an auxiliary

need

“Cyclops” represents modal verbs

Story “Be Father” is the busiest member of the family. Later we will learn how much work he has.

“Cyclops” is just a very simple-minded creature. He doesn’t even know the past. It means that modal verbs only have one form. He will need the help of “Have Granddad” to be able to express the past.

Practice

8

Present and Past The Ladies Past simple

Present simple

“Time Mother” represents the simple tenses Past Perfect Past

Continuous

Present

Continuous

“Ing Baby” represents the continuous tenses

Present Perfect

Past Present Perfect Perfect Continuous Continuous

“Ongoing Bee” represents the perfect continuous tenses

“Perfect Granny” represents the perfect tenses

Story These three ladies form all the past and present tenses. See below.

Past continuos

Present Simple

Present perfect Past perfect continuos 9

Future “Future Sheep”

“Future Sheep” represents most of the future tenses

Story We don't know much about the future this is why we use present tenses for the future most of the time. Sometimes we add a “Cyclops” to express how sure we are about the future event.

Practice Present continuous for the future going to Future perfect continuous

Present simple for the future

Present perfect for the future

10

Future simple

Negative Step4Town & “Not Parrot” Positive Side

Negative Side

There is a river between the two sides and there are two islands in the river

“Not Parrot” lives in the Negative Side

Story “Not Parrot” likes only the triangles, “Do Brother”, “Have Granddad “, Be Father” and the “Cyclops”.

Practice haven’t

didn’t doesn’t

can’t wasn’t won’t aren’t

shan’t

mayn’t mightn’t

daren’t

11

needn’t

Question The “Question River�

Wh

Question River

Island

There are Wh (open) questions in the left island

Yes/No Island

There are yes/no (closed) questions in the right island

Story Both islands are divided into two parts. The positive part is for positive questions the negative part is for negative questions.

Practice Wh Island

Y/N Island

?

?

What Who

is is

Are Is Am

this? there?

12

you she I

happy? tall? nice?

Short Forms of the Helping Verbs

‘d (had) ‘ve (have)

‘m (am) ‘re (are)

‘s (has)

‘s (is)

‘ll (will)

‘d (would)

Story Short forms can be used mostly when a noun (”Naming Nanny”) or a personal pronoun (”Mr Man”) comes before “Be Father”, “Have Granddad” or “Cyclops”.

Practice Full form

Short form

we are

we’re

............. , ..............

he’d

they will

..................

...............

she’s

13

Affixes of the Noun Hair Clips of “Naming Nanny” Plural

Possesive

s

Short Forms of “Be Father”

‘re

‘s ‘s

Story There are four different affixes a noun can get, so there are four clips “Naming Nanny” can get.

book

s

Practice

‘s

cat boy 14

‘re

‘s

Enhancement of Adjectives “Describe Uncle” is Eating

Positive “Describe Uncle”

Comperative “Describe Uncle”

Superlative “Describe Uncle”

Story “Describe Uncle” is already fat but he is still eating and becomes fatter, and when he eats the most, he is the fattest in the family.

Practice fat

.................

.................

..................

happier

.................

interesting

more interesting

most ..................

..................

better

best

...................

worse

worst

15

Numbers “Plus Kid” -nd

-st

-rd

-th

Story When “Plus Kid” is the first, he gets -st, when he is the second, he gets -st, when he is the third, he gets -rd, and when he is the forth or upper, he gets -th.

Practice th

1 2 3 4 ...... ...... ...... ...... ......

th

th

th

1st

2nd

3nd

21st 31st ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......

22nd ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......

23nd ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......

16

th

4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th................................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ...................................................

Simple Tenses “Time Mother” and Her Help did

st

do

1 form does

Past Simple

Present Simple 2nd 1st form form

Past -s form

Story “Time Mother’s” help is “Do Brother”, but he is a naughty boy and doesn’t like to help. Sometimes he helps, sometimes he doesn’t. Actually he is very curious and likes contradicting so he always helps when there is a question or a negation. When he is there, “Action Dog” has to keep an eye on him because he is a naughty boy anyway.

When “Do Brother” is not there, “Action Dog” takes his role.

Practice

Past

We

We She

did

write

He

walked laughed

We She 17

Present

does

work

walk laughs

Continuous Tenses “Ing Baby” and Her Help am was

are

were Past

is

Present

Story “Ing Baby” needs much assistant. This is why “Be Father” is helping her all the time.

“Action Dog” likes “Be Father’s” smell, this is why he is using his nose (-ing form) in continuous sentences.

Past

We He

were was

Practice

running swimming

She They

Question

Is Were

he you

Present

is are

sleeping learning

Negative

running? flying?

We They 18

aren’t weren’t

singing painting

Perfect Tenses “Perfect Granny” and Her Help Past Perfect

had

Present Perfect

have

has

Story “Perfect Granny” is responsible for the housework. She says “I have cooked the dinner, come and eat!”. And she says “I have cleaned the floor, don’t step on it!”.

And she says “I have washed your clothes, you can put them on.”

Her help, “Have Granddad” is responsible for serving at the table. This is why “Action Dog” has opened his mouth...

Past

I

had

Practice

eaten

she

Question

have

you

Present

has

written

Negative

done?

they 19

haven’t

arrived

Perfect Continuos Tenses “Ongoing Bee” and Her Helps had

have

Past Present Perfect Perfect Continuous Continuos

has

been

Story When we need both “Perfect Granny” and “Ing Baby”, we need both of their help as well. The older, “Have Granddad” comes first, then “Be Father”. They have been enjoying each other since “Ongoing Bee” appeared in their life.

Practice

Past

she

had

been

writing

I

Question

have

you

been

Present

have

been

waiting

Negative

eating?

we 20

haven’t

been

working

Simple Passive Tenses “Sleeping Time Mother” am

Past Simple Passive

was

Present Simple Passive

were

are is

Direct Object

Transitive Verb rd 3 form

Story Passive voice is used when we don’t know or don’t want to tell who or what makes the action. In general, there is something to bear he action, this is called the “Passive Naming Nanny”. Because everybody is so passive in the sentence, “Action Dog” always yawns. It means the verb is always used in the 3rd form.

Past

house

was

Practice

built

clothes

Question

Present

are

washed

Negative

? is

this door

the road

painted?

21

isn’t

closed

Continuous Passive Tenses “Sleeping Ing Baby” am was Past

are is

were

Present

being

Direct Object

Transitive Verb rd 3 form

Story For Passive Continuous structure we both need the active continuous and the passive simple participants. As they are too many all together, we will conjoin “Be Father” with the -ing form of the verb.

Past

this book

was

being

Practice

written

the car

Question

Present

is

being

washed

Negative

? are

these houses

being

built?

students 22

aren’t

being

tested

Perfect Passive Tenses Sleeping Perfect Granny Past Perfect

Present Perfect been

Direct Object

Transitive Verb rd 3 form

Story Passive voice is used when we don’t know or don’t want to tell who or what makes the action. In general, there is something to bear he action, his is called the “Passive Naming Nanny”. Because everybody is so passive in the sentence, “Action Dog” always yawns. It means the verb is always used in the 3rd form.

Past

house

was

Practice

built

clothes

Question

Present

are

washed

Negative

? is

the bed

the road

made?

23

isn’t

closed

Continuous Passive Tenses Sleeping Ongoing Bee had

have

Past Present Perfect Perfect Continuous Continuos

has

been

being

Story For Passive Continuous structure we both need the active continuous and the passive simple participants. As they are too many all together, we will conjoin will conjoin “Be Father� with the -ing form of the verb.

Practice Past, Present time

the city

has

been

being

developed for 2 years now

Question

? how long

have

this book

been

24

being

written?

“Zero” Conditional General Conditional If Clause

Main Clause

Present tenses

Present tenses

Story Zero conditional is used, when we talk about general conditions.

This is why “when” is possible instead of “if”.

Practice If Clause

Main Clause

If it is snowing

we are sledging.

If Clause

Main Clause

We go home when you have arrived home.

25

1st Conditional Conditional in the futurre If Clause

Main Clause

Present tenses for the future (don’t use modal verbs)

Future tenses

Story We don’t normally use “will” in the if clause because “if” refers to the future anyway.

Practice If Clause

Main Clause

If it is raining tomorrow

we will not go out.

If Clause

Main Clause

I will teach you

if you come in time.

26

2nd Conditional Mirror Grammar 1 Main Clause

mirror

If Clause

Past simple or continuous

Present simple or continuous

Story We use 2nd conditional when something should have happened in the past to make the present or future condition true. This is why we use past simple (or continuous) in the “if clause”.

Practice If Clause

Main Clause

If you were here I would be happy.

If Clause mirror

Main Clause

I would go

if my leg wasn’t broken.

27

3rd Conditional Mirror Grammar 2 Main Clause

mirror

If Clause

Past perfect simple or continuous

Present perfect simple or continuous

Story We use 3rd conditional when something should had happened before the past to make that past condition true. This is why we use past perfect in the “if clause”. Modal verbs have no past (2nd) form, this is why we use present perfect in the “main clause”.

Practice If Clause

Main Clause

If you had cooked dinner I would have eaten.

If Clause mirror

Main Clause

She would have com if you had invited her.

28

Indirect Speech (reported speech)

Backshift Grammar Co

ntinuous

can

could

will

Past Simple

may

Present Simple

might

Pe

would

rfect

Story We use indirect speech when we quote somebody without using exact words. We backshift the quotation only when we call back something from the past.

Practice Direct

Indirect (reported)

Past

(quotation)

main clause

relative clause

“I will come”

They said

they would come

“You are beautiful”

She said

...........................

“I bought same nice”

He said

...........................

29

Indirect Speech Questions I

Real Question

I

Indirect Question

Story When we quote a question, It’s not a real question, so we don’t use the question’s word order.

Practice Direct Question

Indirect Question

?

“What

are

you doing?”

Present

She asks

Direct Question

doing

Indirect Question

Any time

“Are you here?

what

Past

He asked 30

what

doing

Key

1

Naming Nanny

noun

1

Do Brother

“do” as an auxiliary

2

Describe Uncle

adjective

2

Have Graddad

“have” as an auxiliary

3

Action Dog

verb

3

Be Father

“be” as an auxiliary

4

Th Tunnel

a, an, this, that, these, those, here, there

4

Cyclops

Modal Verbs

5

PrepEngine

prepositions

5

Time Mother

Present and Past Simple

Wh Car

question words

6

-ing baby

Present and Past Continuos

7

Mr Man

personal pronouns

7

Ongoing Bee

Present and Past Perfect Continuos

8

Paul

object pronouns

8

Perfect Granny

Present and Past Perfect

9

Mr Box

possessive adjectives

9

Future Sheep

All Future Tenses

10

Super Man

possessive pronouns

10

Not Parrot

Not (Negation)

ich

Wh

Why

PrepEngine

n Whe

6

What

re

Whe

whom

whose

Past

S

It

PrepEngine

31

The Short Storybook of

Shapes&Dots Family

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