Water & wastewater international aug sep 2015 by Aso de Ingeniería Química

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OPPORTUNITIES

August-September 2015

QUENCHING JAPANâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S EXPORT DROUGHT Metawater President Tomoyasu Kida Shares His Vision for Global Expansion UK Fracking Delays: A Waterloo Moment for Wastewater Treatment? Autonomous Reed Beds: An Answer for Challenging Clogging

AQUATECH AMSTERDAM

2015

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CONTENTS

AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2015

R E G UL A R S

TE CHN OLOG Y CA SE ST UDIE S

EDITOR’S NOTE NEWS PRODUCT FOCUS

RETHINKING WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Taking a nostalgic look back in time at the development of wastewater treatment since 1909, this article asks whether there needs to be fundamental change.

54-55

DIARY /AD INDEX/WEB PROMO

UP F RO NT

LEADER FOCUS

Japanese firm METAWATER has ambitious plans to become a full water engineering service provider overseas and expand from the sluggish domestic market. Company president Tomoyasu Kida speaks exclusively to WWi magazine about international expansion plans after the company went public. RE GI ON A L SP OTL I G HT:

WATER SECTOR FAILS TO SPARKLE IN KOSOVO

Kosovo was devastated both by the 1998/1999 war and the decade of isolationism and systematic discrimination which preceded it. Among the very poorest countries in Europe and with a population of less than two million, the chronically underfunded water sector mirrors its traumatic past. I N T E R N AT I O N A L S H OW P R E V I E W

SHOW PREVIEW: AQUATECH AMSTERDAM

TE CH NO L O GY C AS E S TUD IE S

Despite the promise of cheap domestic energy, shale gas has been slow to take off in the UK. In June fracking firm Cuadrilla Resources had a planning application for four wells in Lancashire declined. Campaigners hailed the decision as their “Waterloo”.

VOLUME 30, ISSUE 4

As well as setting a level in design, the new €390 million Paris Philharmonie concert hall had to have a robust drinking and wastewater system to cope with flow variations.

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

The Dane County Regional Airport in Wisconsin had to increase capacity of its stormwater treatment system to meet requirements of treating 40% of total suspended solids.

PROVING MEMBRANES IN THE CANARY ISLANDS

After 11 years in operation, a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant in the Canary Islands needed a refurbishment to increase capacity and reduce energy.

AUTONOMOUS REED BEDS: UNDERSTANDING CLOGGING

A €1.1 EU funded two-year project is nearing its end and sets out to address how a reduction in clogging rate can happen using autonomous reed bed installations (ARBI).

OPTIMISING WATER OPERATIONS IN MANILA, PHILIPPINES 44 Insufficient pressure caused by high flow during peak demand generates customer complaints. Manila Water chose a solution that helped to save 580 m3/day and dealt with this challenge.

Ahead of Aquatech Amsterdam, which is increasingly looking at industrial water, this article looks at how one of the world’s largest beverage companies, Coca-Cola, is aiming to be water neutral by 2020 and is improving its logistics to become a more efficient user of water.

RACKING DELAYS IN THE UK

ENERGY EFFICIENT PUMPS STRIKE A CHORD IN PARIS

PRO DU CTS

ULTRAVIOLET TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY (UV)

Singapore wastewater reuse plant to use Xylem UV tech in Changi; UV system designed for hazardous gas environments; UV rig helps United Utilities rid crypto bug and UV inactivates cryptosporidium as part of Texas reuse project.

FITTINGS & CONTROLS

Triple offset valve offers zero leakage for non-critical applications; Submersible hydrostatic depth and level transmitters; Multiple leak detection system launch and Tubing products from Saint-Gobain.

AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2015

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EDITOR’S NOTE Tom Freyberg, Chief editor

LIGHTING UP THE BUGS The UK’s United Utilities survived a public relations battle after the cryptosporidium bug got into its supply and 300,000 customers were urged to boil their drinking water. How can water companies reduce the damage – both financial and reputation – from such incidents?

A IF YOU THINK YOU ARE TOO SMALL TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE, TRY SLEEPING WITH A MOSQUITO.

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s I’ve said before, the water industry is one of the world’s most underrated and underappreciated public services out there. In developed nations the water industry is expected to deliver continuous, clean water 24 hours a day, seven days a week. It is only until there is a problem that customers start complaining and question how much they are paying for the service. In the case of United Utilities in the UK’s Midlands, the utility had to recently instruct 300,000 households to continue boiling their drinking water due to small traces of cryptosporidium found at a treatment plant. The microscopic bug, which can cause stomach upsets, was initially discovered during routine tests. This reminded me of a famous quote by the Dalai Lama: “If you think you are too small to make a difference, try sleeping with a mosquito.“ To rid its supply of the cryptosporidium, the utility installed several ultraviolet (UV) treatment rigs (see page 54). Calling the move one of its biggest engineering projects to date, the rigs were sourced from across the UK and Europe. United Utilities told WWi that “routinely our treatment process of coagulation and filtration is enough to remove cryptosporidium” and that the UV technology was being used after the plant as a “belt and braces strategic approach”. A formal investigation by the Drinking Water Inspectorate will address how the bug got into the water system and the utility’s current treatment infrastructure. Clearly, dealing with a bug like this is a huge inconvenience, expense and not to mention public relations nightmare – the story made national headlines. Although the problem was addressed and the solution brought in, the whole exercise got me thinking (I know, dangerous). Shouldn’t UV units, or the equivalent, be held on standby for such emergencies? Surely the priority of getting public supply back to normal ASAP would be quicker if such units were available instead of having to be “sourced from across the UK and Europe”. Yes, I understand such high-tech equipment is not exactly cheap to have on standby but what price can you put on public health, or a utility’s reputation for that matter? Moving on, as you will have seen on the cover, the focus for this issue’s Leader Focus is Japanese water engineering firm, Metawater. Most readers will know the company from its ceramic membranes and partnership with Dutch company, PWN Technologies. However, after raising $222 million from an Initial Public Offering at the end of last year, Metawater is using the cash to go after the international market and get away from the sluggish domestic one in Japan. It will certainly be an interesting and challenging journey for the company but one to look out for. Watch this space.

AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2015

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NEWS

WORLD NEWS 1

US: NEW YORK Xylem has issued a new share repurchase program of its common stock. Effectively immediately, the company’s board of directors authorised the new share repurchase program of its common stock of up to $500 million. These repurchases are expected to be made from time to time in the open market or privately negotiated transactions. The company will host an Investor Day on Sept. 24 2015, in New York City, N.Y.

US: NEVADA The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of Nevada, Reno, will study the cause of eutrophication, or increased algae growth, along the nearshore of Lake Tahoe. Supported by California’s Lahontan Water Quality Control Board (LWQCB), the investigation is in response to widespread concerns with water quality and ecological degradation of the lake’s nearshore environment. Over the last decade, nearshore periphyton growth, a form of algae, has increased dramatically in Lake Tahoe.

SPAIN Carlos Jarque has been appointed at chief executive/ CEO of the FCC Group in Spain and takes over from former chief executive, Juan Béjar. Since 2013 he has been the executive director of corporate, government and international relations in Latin American private company, América Móvil, operating in the telecommunications sector of 17 Latin American countries, as well as in the U and 10 European countries. Jarque said: “…the rehabilitation of FCC and its shares will continue in order to reinforce the company both financially and opearationally”.

SWEDEN Engineering company CH2M has won this year’s Stockholm Industry Water Award for its efforts in potable water reuse. The company was awarded by the Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI) to continuing to evolve water reuse practices and working with Singapore’s national water agency to help win public acceptance on the country’s NEWater project. CH2M’s first notable success in this area dates back to the 1960s.

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OMAN The Oman Oil Refineries and Petroleum Industries Company (Orpic) has awarded Aquatech a contract to design and supply a Multiple Effect Distillation (MED) seawater desalination system for its Sohar Refinery Improvement Project in Oman. MED technology was specified to supply 16,056 m3/day to boilers, as well as service and potable water. Aquatech is supplying the system to a Petrofac – Daelim Joint Venture that has the full EPC contract for the whole refinery project. Commissioning is expected in early 2016.

NEWS

AUSTRALIA The Broken Hill 6,000 m3/day desalination plant will undergo a capacity increase by Australian firm Osmoflo as part of a turnkey solution for existing client and plant owner, Essential Energy. Brackish water and high salinity reverse osmosis (RO) technology will be used as part of the upgrade, which will include onsite and remote ongoing operations and maintenance support of the plant. The re-instated plus additional RO capacity will be fully operational from November 2015.

SOUTH KOREA LG NanoH2O will be part of a newly launched business unit called LG Water Solutions, after the Californian membrane business was acquired by Korean chemical company LG Chem in April 2014. To coincide with the rebranding, a new nanocomposite membrane manufacturing site is expected to open for business next month in Cheong-ju, Korea. The facility will produce seawater, brackish water and tap water RO membranes.

INDIA Questions have been asked as to whether the 336,000 m3/day Gujarat desalination project will make it through to completion. The $600m plant was originally contracted by the Gujarat government to a Singapore-Japanese alliance, including Hyflux and Hitachi. Dahej SEZ CEO SN Patil told local source Financial Express that “I am not sure whether the Dahej desalination plant will take off or not. From our side, we have allotted them the land but from their side there is no response.” Speaking to WWi as part of its Leader Focus in the April-May edition, Hyflux CEO Olivia Lum said “Dahej took longer to close” and that “Hitachi is the one driving the project”.

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UAE (DUBAI) Dubai’s efforts to follow its Emirate brother Abu Dhabi and build a deep-tunnel sewer network have taken a step forward. The Dubai Municipality has reportedly invited companies to bid on two consultancy contracts in the Deira and Bur Dubai areas. A consultant is needed to provide supervision services for a 26km tunnel, as consultants to assist with a 56km-long deep-tunnel sewer in the Bur area of the city. Abu Dhabi is close to completing its $1.6 billion Strategic Tunnel Enhancement Programme (STEP).

INDONESIA The Dutch Embassy in Jakarta has awarded consultancy Royal HaskoningDHV a €6.6 million sanitation project as part of the Urban Sanitation Development Programme (USDP). Launched in 2010, the €14 million project sets out goals for wastewater, urban drainage and solid waste. The project will provide direct support for the acceleration of sanitation development to some 100 local governments in 10 Indonesian provinces and supports an ambitious nationwide programme.

AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2015

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NEWS

ANALYSIS: GLOBAL WATER STRESS BY 2040 It may not come as a surprise that the Middle East region accounts for almost half of the most water scarce countries in the world. Yet, what may come as more of shock is that certain areas of the US and China’s Ningxia province could see water stress increase by up to 40 to 70% by 2040. A new analysis from WRI ranks 167 countries for water stress in 2040, claiming that 14 of the 33 likely most stressed countries are in the Middle East. This includes nine considered extremely highly stressed with a score of 5.0 out of 5.0: Bahrain, Kuwait, Palestine, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Oman and Lebanon. Using climate models and socioeconomic scenarios, WRI scored and ranked future water stress – a

measure of competition and depletion of surface water – in 167 countries by 2020, 2030, and 2040. It found that 33 countries face extremely high water stress in 2040 and that also Chile, Estonia, Namibia, and Botswana could face an especially significant increase in water stress by 2040. According to WRI, drought and water shortages in Syria likely contributed to the unrest that stoked the country’s 2011 civil war. Dwindling water resources and chronic mismanagement forced 1.5 million people, primarily farmers and herders, to lose their livelihoods and leave their land, move to urban areas, and magnify Syria’s general destabilisation. Meanwhile Saudi Arabia’s government said its people will depend entirely on grain imports by

2016, a change from decades of growing all they need, due to fear of water-resource depletion. While they will probably not face the extreme water stress blanketing the Middle East in 2040, global superpowers such as the US, China and India face water risks of their own. High water stress in all three countries are projected to remain roughly constant through 2040. Every water-stressed country is affected by a different combination of factors. Chile, for example, projected to move from medium water stress in 2010 to extremely high stress in 2040. It is among the countries more likely to face a water supply decrease from the combined effects of rising temperatures in critical regions and shifting

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precipitation patterns. Meanwhile Botswana and Namibia sit squarely within a region that is already vulnerable to climate change. Water supplies are limited and risk from floods and droughts is high. Futhermore, projected temperature increases in southern Africa are likely to exceed the global average, along with overall drying and increased rainfall variability. On the water demand side, according to Aqueduct projections, a 40 to 70% - or greater – increase is expected. Such situations severely threaten national water security and economic growth. As a result, WRI urged governments to respond with management and conservation practices that will help protect essential sustainable water resources for years to come.

RIO LAB WARNS OF OLYMPIC WATER QUALITY DANGER Scientists at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, who have been testing the waters around Rio for the last 20 years, have expressed disappointment with the lack of progress being made in preparation for the 2016 Olympics. The university’s marine biology laboratory has revealed worrying trends for parameters such as ammonia, nitrates and phosphates. Guanabara Bay sits beneath the iconic Sugar Loaf Mountain and is set to be the location for the sailing events of the 2016 Olympics. However, practising international contestants have complained of detritus in the water presenting a hazard and there is concern that the event may have to be moved further out to sea. “Sailors have reported floating TV sets, sofas and dead animals,” said the University’s Rodolfo Paranhos. “These items present a physical hazard that can damage a yacht or get caught up in the rudder, causing it to lose its place in a race. However, chemical and biological pollution represents a potentially more serious threat, because of the diseases that can arise from sewage pollution.” Greater Rio has a population of over 10 million people and millions of litres of untreated sewage are discharged into Guanabara Bay and into the rivers that feed it, every day. As a result, these rivers are largely reported to be anoxic – incapable of supporting normal aquatic life. The Brazilian government has taken some initiatives to address the pollution, with nets preventing debris from entering the bay and so-called ‘Eco-Boats’ scooping up floating and slightly submerged debris. There has also been some effort to reduce the amount of untreated sewage reaching the bay, but Rodolfo Paranhos said: “It is probably now too late to solve the problem, because of the infrastructure that would be required to provide effective sewage treatment. However, importantly, this would be an indication that the promised environmental legacy of Rio 2016 has failed.”

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LEADER FOCUS

CERAMIC MEMBRANES: REVERSING JAPAN’S EXPORT DROUGHT Perhaps best known for supplying ceramic membrane filtration systems, Japanese firm Metawater has ambitious plans to become a full water engineering service provider overseas and expand from the sluggish domestic market. Company President Tomoyasu Kida speaks exclusively to WWi magazine about international expansion plans after the company went public. By Tom Freyberg

apan was a hotbed of innovation in the 1960s and 70s. In 1964 the country entered the first bullet train into service. Long before America changed the music industry with its Apple ipod, the Japanese island exported the Sony Walkman in 1979 and revolutionised how people listened to music. Add the karaoke machine in 1971 and then the successful PlayStation console in 1994 (now in its 4th edition) and Asia’s technology powerhouse could do no wrong. Fast forward 20 years and this talent of exporting innovation could be accused of drying up. With Korea taking over the mantle of becoming Asia’s technology hub, successfully shipping brands such as Samsung and LG overseas, what has happened to Japan? As Keishi Kameyama, chairman of internet company DMM.com told the BBC: “We have been innovating great products but we are not good at marketing them abroad.” Yet instead of judging a country

on how well it exports electronics or automotive goods, maybe there should be a shift in focus. For its ceramic membranes, which have been used in the Andijk III drinking water plant in the Netherlands, is one export the nation should be proud of. Supplied by Metawater, the ceramic membranes have been a talking point of the water filtration community for many months, years even. In Japan, around 40% of municipal drinking water produced using microfiltration or ultrafiltration membranes is through the use of ceramic membranes. Claimed to be tougher than polymeric but a lot less popular overseas for municipal applications due to a higher capital cost, are the financials of ceramics changing? We speak to Metawater’s president, Tomoyasu Kida, to find out. Water & Wastewater International magazine (WWi): Metawater recently went through a successful Initial Public Offering (IPO) on the Tokyo

Initial Public Offering (IPO) Metawater raised JPY26 billion ($222 million) from floating the company in December 2014 on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, following the issuance of 5.9 million new shares and 5.6 million existing treasury shares.

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Stock Exchange. Tell me more about this and how it fits in with international expansion goals? Tomoyasu Kida, president, Metawater (TK): We listed our company on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in December at the end of last year. Funds from the stock exchange will be used for the development of the company overseas. The third point is we are thinking about our future – privatisation of the water and wastewater industries is going to be accelerated and we will be a part of this. WWi: Talk me through your international business – which countries is Metawater involved in and how much revenue (%) do international contracts provide? TK: In five years we would like to increase our sales to 140 billion yen (US1.1 billion), and in the long-term expand sales internationally to 10%. We would like to expand our portfolio overseas, with Europe and the US being our prime targets, as they benefit from stable markets. We are aiming to expand the sales of the ceramic membrane technology for the drinking water market, especially for the Western Countries. But also we want to sell technology related to the wastewater treatment as well. In order for the

LEADER FOCUS

overseas expansion, we have an alliance strategy to work with partners. We would like to find partners to sell our technology and products. And then for the Asian market we can expect some growth in the future. In Japan we have public-private partnerships for which we have many public customers. Based on this experience and many references we have in Japan, we would like to expand into other Asia countries. WWi: You are perhaps best known in Europe for your partnership with Dutch company PWN Technologies. How does this partnership work financially? TK: As part of the partnership with PWN Technologies, we supplied our ceramic membranes and basic operation know-how to the Andijk III drinking water plant in the Netherlands. PWN is experiencing a lot of activity and participating in plans for other drinking water plants, for example in the South West in the UK (South West Water). We’re also aiming to establish partnerships with local companies and are also working on technological cooperation with RWB in the Netherlands, for which we share about 25% of their stock. WWi: Ceramic membranes are reported to only have 2-3% market share for municipal water filtration compared to polymeric. Do you think this will change or will ceramics be better suited to industrial applications due to higher CAPEX? TK: The initial CAPEX for the ceramic membranes is a little higher but if you look at the whole lifecycle cost, they still have the advantage. With polymeric membranes you need to make replacements once every five years or so. However, our ceramic membranes haven’t been broken for more than 17 years at the moment. If you think about lifecycle cost, we have the advantage. Also, another advantage with ceramic membranes concerns energy. For other filtration, you usually have to use high pump pressure. With ceramics they are very strong and have a very high permeability so you can use gravity systems if you have the height advantage. For example, we are using the gravity system in Kawai purification plant in the city of Yokohama. As there isn’t a pump being used at all, that

OUR CERAMIC MEMBRANES HAVEN’T BEEN BROKEN FOR MORE THAN 17 YEARS AT THE MOMENT. IF YOU THINK ABOUT LIFECYCLE COST, WE HAVE THE ADVANTAGE. means you don’t need much electricity. With ceramic membranes, the electricity consumption can be extremely low. Also, ceramics can be more stable to handle varying water qualities. For example, raw water from a lake can be poor however ceramics can handle this with good filtration functions. WWi: You said 17 years unbroken for the ceramic membranes. How long do you think they will go on for? TK: At the moment I cannot give you specific number but next year it will be 18 years! There are over 130 ceramic membrane plants in operation but none of them have broken to date. I hope it will be over 20 years for all plants to work well. WWi: In 2014 the 120,000 m3/day Andijk III drinking water plant opened in the Netherlands and the 172,800 m3/day Kawai Ceracocca purification plant opened in Yokohama. Do you think now is the turning point for ceramic membranes globally? TK: Of course domestically they are starting to be used but overseas, in

Andijk and the US in Montanna, they are using ceramics because of the stable operation, the lifecycle cost and also the ease of maintenance. The value of the ceramic membranes is being understood gradually by the countries in our target area. WWi: Japan has always been known as a leading performer in water management. How would you describe the market now? TK: The coverage rate for both water and wastewater systems is quite high in Japan. For drinking water, the coverage is nearly 100% and for the wastewater, it is almost 80%.We benefit from very wide coverage on both. The problem is the aging of the infrastructure. Municipalities in Japan have a problem with a shortage of skilled staff members and the population is shrinking. So the privatisation of the water businesses is likely to be accelerated. In this situation, private companies are going to play a bigger role in Japan’s future. Also regarding the public systems, due to the change of climate and environment, Japan

Strong: There are over 130 ceramic membrane plants with no reported breakages to date

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LEADER FOCUS

often gets torrential rain and this affects urban areas. New technologies need to be devised to handle this and that will be very important to deal with water management in Japan’s future.

METAWATER Financials

WWi: How can what you’ve learned from the Japanese market be applied to public-private partnerships globally? TK: Regarding the financing model for the wastewater treatment plant serving a fish processing factory in Onagawa, this was a unique model for Japan. This was the first time we were involved in the operation and maintenance (O&M) as well as bill collection. This is a model of the future for us. In South East Asia we are doing some development and one of the examples is the pre-treatment trickling filtration systems for sewage. This system can save energy from 60-70%, compared with conventional activated sludge processes, and we’re having some demonstration experiments regarding this at the moment with Japanese government and municipalities. This type of technology can support people in South East Asia who have been

FY March 2015 Actual

FY March 2018 Target

Orders

117 billion yen ($937m)

140 billion yen ($1.4bn)

Net Sales

106.9 billion yen ($856.1m)

130 billion yen ($1bn)

Operating Profit

8.2 billion yen ($65.6m)

10 billion yen ($80m)

Net income

5 billion yen ($40m)

6 billion yen ($48m)

Return on Investment

10.4%

10% or more

suffering with the shortage of energy. WWi: Interesting. So you’re saying Metawater wants to position itself as a water treatment plant operator in the DBO model (design, build & operate), not just an equipment supplier? TK: Yes. This is a comprehensive model and we wish to expand our business into in the future. I think that is going to be the next step. Currently regarding emerging countries we haven’t established our brand name Metawater

yet, as we’re known for products and equipment. We would like to establish our brand first. In the other South East Asia countries we would like to pursue the PPP (public-private partnerships) collaborations with other companies. We are not saying we can win business by ourselves in these countries yet, but we need partnerships to do so. Tom Freyberg is chief editor of WWI magazine. For more information on the article, email: tomf@pennwell.com

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TECHNOLOGY CASE STUDIES INDUSTRIAL WATER

FRACKING DELAYS IN THE UK Rejected: In June this year Lancashire County Council refused Caudrilla Resources’s application to drill four additional wells

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ydraulic fracturing, also known as “fracking” is the process of forcing oil and gas from layers of shale buried deep below the ground through the injection of water. To many it is the just the olive branch we need to see us through the transition to more renewable forms of energy. To others it is little more than environmental vandalism with the potential to cause earthquakes and pollute groundwater. In the US the industry has boomed with production rising from 2,116 billion cubic feet in 2008 to 11,415 billion 2013. That rise has ushered in an era of ultralow energy prices. While the availability of cheap shale gas is challenging for the renewable energy sector, it provides a wide range of opportunities for companies in resource efficiency sectors, particularly in the water sector, according to a report by Impax Asset Management. The report cites the examples of US utility Aqua America which is building a pipeline to supply the Marcellus shale,

AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2015

and water and chemicals firm Ecolab which has seen strong revenue growth. WATERLOO In the UK the backdrop is a little different. In 2011 the blame for a small earthquake near Blackpool fell at fracking’s door. While that stopped the industry in its tracks, hopes that an extensive roll-out of the technology could eventually supply up to 10% of the country’s gas requirements remained high. In January 2014 Prime Minister David Cameron declared that the then coalition government was “going all out for shale”. Furthermore, during her first Energy and Climate Change Committee meeting on 21 July, Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, Amber Rudd, reinforced the government’s commitment. “I think shale gas will be an important part of the energy mix for the UK and I also note that it’s an important part of our decarbonisation targets because

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it is effectively a low carbon source (of energy),” she asserts. “Given that gas is going to remain an important part of our security of supply going forward, how much better to have our own gas than having to import it. So I remain committed to making sure we can explore for shale.” WATERLOO However, four years after the Blackpool incident, and following fierce debate from both sides, at the end of June this year Lancashire County Council refused Cuadrilla Resources’s application to drill up to four wells near Little Plumpton. Environmental campaigners described it as “Waterloo”. It goes without saying that Staffordshire based Cuadrilla is not happy about the decision, and says that it plans to appeal. Others involved in the industry also remain bullish. “This is just one adverse planning decision, where the professional judgment of planning officials, leading counsel and expert agencies was to approve based on the fact that all of the environmental, safety, health and local issues had been addressed,” comments Ken Cronin, chief executive of industry umbrella body UK Onshore Oil and Gas. “Other exploration companies have already stated they will be putting in their own applications very shortly.” Lee Petts, managing director of Remsol, a Lancashire based environmental services firm which is involved in treating and disposing of flowback wastewater on behalf of Cuadrilla adds: “It’s another delay, and that causes more anxiety for residents and more uncertainty for businesses.”

Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM). “The wastewater is going to be highly saline and contain low levels of naturally occurring radioactive material,” she explains to WWi. “It would need specialist treatment or for the treatment plant to have the right permits in place which incurs a cost so they (the utilities) would be unlikely to invest until there is certainty in the supply chain. “I would have thought that there will be very little impact on the water utilities from the decision to decline Cuadrilla’s application as they are not currently geared up to accept wastewater from shale gas activities. Although this is something that some of them are looking into I don’t think they are viewing it as a lucrative growth area just yet, at least until the industry gets off the ground,” continues Grant.

One question the industry is trying to answer is if oil companies are looking to outsource water treatment, would this be to a water company or to a firm that can provide general logistical support?

WASTEWATER OPPORTUNITIES According to Petts, there has been a huge amount of interest in shale gas ‘flowback’ treatment in recent years, with many believing that a successful shale gas industry could stimulate significant growth in wastewater treatment markets. “There probably isn’t going to be much of an investment opportunity in the short-term exploratory phase,” he tells WWi. “When we see a scaling-up to field development, there is likely to be a greater investment opportunity in mobile, site-based treatment for reuse.” That’s a sentiment shared by Laura Grant, policy adviser at the Chartered

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Petts adds that in order to fully understand the situation it’s necessary to separate exploration from future field development. “For the exploration phase, Remsol has researched, identified, tested and proven a safe and effective method of treating and disposing of flowback wastewater on behalf of Cuadrilla Resources,” he says. “Right now, there are around a dozen merchant waste treatment facilities that operate the identified treatment method in the UK, three of which also have the necessary permissions to do so.” According to Petts the method of treatment has been almost universally accepted as the best way to deal with the wastewater. Collectively, the 12 or so sites have more than sufficient spare capacity to deal with the predicted volumes of flowback wastewater that might be

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Booming: In the US hydraulic fracturing production has risen from 2,116 billion cubic feet in 2008 to 11,415 billion in 2013

seen in the next two to three years as Cuadrilla and other operators advance their plans. LOOKING AHEAD Looking ahead to field development, Petts sees it as unlikely that operators will continue to rely upon third party treatment and disposal capacity at remote locations for several reasons. “Firstly cost,” he says “For shale gas to be economically viable, well costs will need to be kept to a minimum, and so operators will want to avoid the expense of transporting wastewater by road in tankers and then paying to dispose of it. Secondly, local impacts: operators are already under intense pressure to try and minimise disruption to local residents, and traffic impacts are one of the worst culprits.” Because of this Petts thinks there will likely be much greater emphasis placed on the deployment of on-site clean-up technologies that will allow operators to reuse some of the flowback in subsequent fracture treatments. This he says will create multiple benefits, including reduced demand for clean water, reduced traffic impacts and, of course, lower overall operating costs. “We’ll need to see a substantial

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growth in off-site treatment capacity,” he argues. “Or if it’s technically feasible, on-site treatment for discharge to the local environment, presenting potentially significant investment opportunities several years from now. “But it doesn’t end there,” he continues. “And that’s because once the wells are put into production, they will continue to co-produce flowback, along with the extracted gas, for the entire life of each well. “At that stage, there will be no obvious opportunity for clean-up and reuse, and so it will require off-site disposal or the ability to treat on-site to a very high standard that means the residue can safely be discharged to a local watercourse.” PEERING ACROSS THE POND Michael Coffey, managing director of consulting firm Aquastrat, argues that to get a picture of how wastewater treatment could be dealt with if fracking scales up we need to look to the US. “In the US there are two or three companies like GE and Veolia that offer bespoke services for onsite water treatment,” he tells WWi. “But as the oil price has fallen and the oil companies have sought to reduce costs, they’ve

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CONCLUSION While Evans believes they would be relatively limited, if fracking were to grow in the UK he does see potential opportunities for water companies - if they can deliver the value that service companies provide. “We very much take the view that as an environmental company there is a place to lend our expertise to help mitigate the environmental impact of fracking in the event that it goes ahead,” he adds. “I think those opportunities are limited, but they may be more than in the US where most of the flowback water is deep well injected.” For the UK water industry it would seem that fracking is of interest, but is unlikely to produce any kind of gold rush. And for even those limited opportunities to be realised will require the fracking companies to ramp up the number of wells considerably.

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E MP L O Y E E S

tried to outsource the water treatment side of all their hydrocarbon extraction activities.” Coffey continues: “The problem the water industry’s got is that if an oil company is looking to outsource its water treatment, does it go to a water company? Or does it go to a company that can provide water treatment as part of a general package of logistical support like a Halliburton? I think that’s where they’re going to have to compete. It’s not going to be an opportunity for utilities – it’s going to be for services companies.” That view is reinforced by Wayne Evans, vice president of industrial technology at Veolia’s Water Technologies division, which supplies equipment services for fracking operations in North America. “By and large the whole of fracking logistics is controlled by the service companies and it’s very noticeable that they’ve been buying their own water treatment companies over the past few years to support them,” he tells WWi. “Generally they’re resistant to the complexities of having a water company come in and help them. There’s a presumption that an oilfield service company will take care of everything, certainly in the case of flowback water.”

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REGIONAL SPOTLIGHT EASTERN EUROPE

WATER SECTOR FAILS TO SPARKLE

IN KOSOVO Kosovo was devastated both by the 1998/1999 war and the decade of isolationism and systematic discrimination which preceded it. Among the very poorest countries in Europe and with a population of less than two million, the chronically underfunded water sector mirrors its traumatic past. By Jeremy Josephs

he Republic of Kosovo only came into being in February 2008 - following a non-UN authorised NATO bombing campaign against Yugoslav military targets. And to this day the landlocked country remains a disputed territory rather than an independent state in its own right - on the not unreasonable grounds of non-recognition by no less than 85 UN member states. War, ethnic tensions and chronic underinvestment - it is hardly surprising that its water sector should find itself in a rather sorry state.

STEPPING UP Given this backdrop it would surely take a brave man or woman to volunteer to put his or her head above the Balkans water parapet. But Baton Begolli, an environmental engineer from Ankara’s Middle East Technical University with a Master’s degree in environmental management from the University of East Anglia in the UK, showed no such hesitation when the call came. He worked as director of Kosovo’s Water Department and as an advisor to the Minister in the Ministry of Environment and Spatial planning. He then went on to be seconded by the Swiss Cooperation Office as a Water Policy Advisor to the Inter-Ministerial

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Water Council at no less an address than the Kosovon Prime Minister’s Office in Pristina. IMPROVEMENTS There has been a noticeable improvement in water supply service coverage (82%) but without a parallel investment in water production this is resulting in greater suppressed demand effects of water rationing and supply disruptions. Non-revenue water (NRW) is running at around 76 million m3/year - which is around 57% of overall water production. Begolli says: “This is completely unacceptable when you consider that supply to customers remains less than continuous. When it comes to collection efficiency this has also improved, but is still only at 71%. The Regional Water Companies also need to improve this to meet their level of service and investment obligations, in addition to being able to present themselves as serious potential partners to private investors.” At the current rate of progress, a near full service coverage for water supply could be achieved in less than ten years. Yet wastewater coverage rates, currently comprising of only collection services, are at around 60%. This means there is

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REGIONAL SPOTLIGHT EASTERN EUROPE

Landlocked Kosovo remains a disputed territory

an overwhelming need to expand the wastewater networks and to develop modern, well-run treatment and disposal facilities. As things stand, until recently there was one wastewater treatment plant - in Skenderaj - in the entire country. Feasibility studies for wastewater treatment for all of our major towns have been completed and there are already joint government and international aid agency initiatives to construct new plants. Begolli adds: “But the fact of the matter remains that we are in desperate need of substantial external capital investment in the sector with the support of the development agencies and private sector participation. Here at the Prime Minister’s Office we are more than receptive to private sector participation within a clearly defined regulatory framework.” INTERMITTENT SUPPLY Some countries point proudly to their capital cities to showcase their achievements. This is not the case

in Kosovo. Pristina citizens have to cope with daily water shortages and intermittent supply. And as if issues of contaminated supply and dubious water quality were not enough to contend with, the Kosovo authorities recently found themselves obliged to cut off water supply to tens of thousands of people in the capital after police arrested five suspects linked to Islamic State who were allegedly planning to poison one of the capital’s two supply reservoirs of Batllava and Badovci. Kosovo’s surface waters are threatened, moreover, from overuse, a lack of management, river mining and pollution from domestic and industrial wastewater discharge. Upstream use and pollution is impacting the quantity and quality of downstream flow. The monitoring network for surface waters remains incomplete and thus unable to generate sufficiently reliable data. “Nor were we aware of the impact of uncontrolled withdrawal from groundwater aquifers in recent years,” Begolli admits, “That is to say the decline of groundwater levels. The indiscriminate use of groundwater wells for residential or industrial use has been due to the failure of our water utility providers to improve and expand their service areas. Nor is there any national groundwater data network to speak of, in the sense that we do not know how much groundwater is available and of what, precisely, its quality might be.” And this is precisely why one of the main recommendations of the European Commission in recent years

Begolli says the NRW rate of 57% is “unacceptable”

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has been the improvement of surface water monitoring systems, as well as the establishment of a groundwater monitoring system. However, on a more positive note, the government recently secured commitments to complete the monitoring network and promote transboundary cooperation in respect of the Drini Basin which joins the water dots between Kosovo, Albania, Montenegro and Macedonia - no mean achievement for neighbouring states in the troubled Balkans. EU ACCESSION Of course Kosovo’s leaders would very much like to secure their place at the top table in Brussels via accession to the European Union. But this is unlikely to happen any time soon on the grounds that five of the EU’s 28 member states (Greece, Cyprus, Romania, Slovakia and Spain) have failed to recognise Kosovo as an independent state. This has not prevented the country, however, from continuing its EU enacted Stabilisation Tracking Mechanism (STM) programme, aiming to gradually integrate its national policies on legal, economic and social matters with the EU, so that at some point in the future they might indeed qualify for EU membership. With this in mind the EU assigned a special mission to Kosovo, with Samuel Zbogar, the former Slovenian foreign minister, heading up the EU office in Pristina. “The EU is the biggest donor in Kosovo,” Zbogar confirms. “The financial allocation for Kosovo for the period 2007-13 under was €637.6 million, or in other words, €354.2 per capita. Thanks to these funds, many good things have happened in Kosovo not least the new water treatment plant near Mitrovica.” Begolli and Zbogar would appear to be singing from the same hymn sheet, at least in terms of their energy and optimism, despite the manifest challenges facing the country’s water sector. “Although a new country with relatively new experience, Kosovo has nevertheless significantly advanced in terms of water governance and water services reforms,” Begolli points out. “A recent study on the state of the sector report by the Danube Water Program acknowledges Kosovo’s reforms and its highest sustainability index in the region. One important

REGIONAL SPOTLIGHT EASTERN EUROPE

factor in achieving this was the consolidation of previously municipal water utilities into regional water companies. The purpose was to create larger economies of scale, a broader customer data base and nondiscriminatory tariffs, as well as less entry points for distribution of aid both from the Government and international funding agencies.” REVENUE COLLECTION The fact of the matter, however, remains that revenue collection is still quite low and non-revenue water is high - a toxic combination if ever there was one. Of course these continue to directly impact on the quality and quantity of water supply provision to customers. The vicious circle continues to run its course - low revenue collection impeding future work on improving the network in addition to investments in respect of wastewater treatment. The recent licensing of private enforcement agencies might offer hope, however, in respect of generating much needed additional income. The government recently also pledged an amnesty in respect of old debts, provided customers pay all existing debts post the nominated year for the amnesty. Yet the regional water companies remain desperately in need of investment, with financial needs for improving the water and wastewater sectors estimated at around 1.25-1.5 billion euros, with the absence of such funding clearly posing a real challenge to achieving satisfactory performance levels. A water strategy and investment action plan has been drafted, true enough, and is in the process of being approved. But how likely are its lofty goals to come to fruition in the current cash-strapped economic climate? Certainly back at the Prime Minister’s Office in Pristina Begolli and his team are not holding their breath. Kosovo was devastated both by the 1998/1999 war and the decade of isolationism and systematic discrimination which preceded it. Among the very poorest countries in Europe (almost half of the country are estimated to be living below the poverty line) and with a population of less than two million, the chronically underfunded water sector mirrors its

traumatic past. The seven year old state is battling against the odds to keep its head above water. Investors have so far failed to assemble en masse to fix Kosovo’s water woes. On the contrary in fact. And to compound matters Kosovo’s youth, bereft of hope and employment alike, are now streaming abroad - to Hungary and Germany in particular - but to anywhere where the people traffickers will lead them. “We’ve got our work cut out here,” Begolli concludes, “I am the first to

admit that. But we have overcome obstacles in the past and I have not the slightest doubt that we will continue to do so in the future. Certainly in the water sector we have made significant progress and are finally heading in the right direction. Even if the road ahead is likely to remain more than a little bumpy for a while.” Jeremy Josephs is a freelance contributor for WWi magazine. For more information on this article, email: tomf@pennwell.com

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TECHNOLOGY CASE STUDIES BIOSOLIDS Lyuberetskaya WWTP [Image credit: LIT UV]

RETHINKING

WASTEWATER TREATMENT A While most sludge treatment technology used today is the same as invented back in Victorian England, drivers and issues are very different. Energy and resource recovery were not a major concern in the early 1900s as they are today. Taking a nostalgic look back at the development of wastewater treatment, this article asks whether there needs to be a fundamental change. By Dr Bill Barber

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great deal has changed both globally and in the world of wastewater treatment since Karl Imhoff patented his sludge treatment invention in 1909 in Germany. The benefits of storing sewage in a tank to reduce its putridity and quantity had been noted in the years preceding Imhoff’s invention, although the concepts for the need of sewage treatment date back further to a report by Sir E. Chadwick on the Health of the Working Classes published in 1842. However, it was a severe cholera epidemic which incentivised the UK Parliament to pass the Nuisance Removal Act in 1855. This began the scientific study of the chemistry and biology of sewage sludge. The first forms of sludge treatment were straightforward collection and diversion to the nearest water-course rather than allowing it to accumulate near dwellings. It wasn’t until 1857 that it was a legal requirement to remove suspended matter or “deodorise” sewage prior to its “admission to the streams”. In the mid-19th century the UK was undergoing unprecedented technological development, and the

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waste materials from the industries which fuelled this development also found their way into the water ecosystem. According to textbooks written at the time, sewage sludge would contain wastes from tanneries, wool mills, dye works and paper works, as well as coal ashes, slag, solid refuse from earthenware manufacturers and metal works, soil, stones, clay from quarries and mines, road grit and filth from the streets, and last but not least a variety of animal carcasses. When sewage sludge was passed into comparatively small rivers from high population density areas, it caused severe pollution. So much so, that the varied industries of the Victorian era blamed the sewage for contaminating their water supply. Not surprisingly, the original drivers for sewage treatment were to reduce river pollution as well as human health. An Act of 1861 was passed which required that sewage should be purified and freed from faecal and other putrescible matters prior to stream and river discharge. Until 1893, the disinfection of sewage was regarded as a comparatively simple and inexpensive problem. It was

TECHNOLOGY CASE STUDIES BIOSOLIDS

thought that the addition of lime, until the sewage became slightly alkaline, was sufficient to kill any typhoid or cholera bacilli which might be present. However, varied and inconsistent results led to development of further technologies, principal of which was the septic tank (precursor of Imhoff’s invention of 1909), and itself a further development of Mouras’ Automatic Scavenger. This was because it was discovered that storage of septic sludge under anaerobic conditions reduced both the numbers of disease causing organisms and the sludge itself. Writing in the British Medical Journal in 1898, Scott-Moncrieff - a prominent figure in the Water Industry during the late 19th and early 20th centuries lamented the passing of Louis Pasteur. Scott-Moncrieff was certain that the germ theorist would have been encouraged about the future of sewage disposal by means of “putrefactive fermentation, followed by nitrification of the organic matters under highly aerobic conditions”. During this time, a great deal of innovation was occurring with the development and understanding of anaerobic digestion. Among several inventions and patents, one (US 663,623) was granted for a device to hold sewage or decaying organic matter in enclosed covered tanks such that “gases will be generated which may be beneficially and economically employed for the purpose of illumination or heating or for obtaining motive power in explosivemotors”. To put that in context, an article in Science from 1904 enthused about a breakthrough in technology development “perhaps as great as when Stevenson first drove a locomotive along a railroad” whereby, at the tail end of the previous year a contraption weighing 700 pounds powered by a 16 horsepower engine flew a distance of three miles over the skies of North Carolina. The aircraft in question, the Wright Flyer, took to the sky three years after the patent for the anaerobic digester was granted. The technical innovation of the time was itself complemented by increasing understanding into the theory of anaerobic digestion. Equation 1, based on the understanding of the time (reviewed by Rideal, 1906) shows the fermentation of sewage in a septic tank.

Prior to anaerobic digestion which became established in the mid-1890s, wastewater treatment was almost exclusively founded on chemical addition with early sludge engineers akin to medical apothecaries. Some of the more exotic materials added to treat sludge included: sawdust moistened with sulphuric acid (to aid dewatering), turpentine, alcohol, iron filings, brick dust, oil tar, hydrochloric acid gas, tanners’s spent bark, animal charcoal, salt, sugar, urine, carbolic acid, phosphoric acid, “soft-sludge” from alum works, numerous metallic salts, blood and so forth. One patent that catches the eye though is No. 3,566 filed in 1867 by A. M. Clark which “treats sewage with neutral phosphate of magnesia, in order to precipitate ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate”. In modern language, this is the intentional production of struvite from sewage sludge, a practice which is gaining ground at full-scale in the 21st century. LEARNING FROM THE PAST Interestingly, studying old texts and archives reveals that much of what we see today on a wastewater treatment works is from the 19th century. Technology and concepts from that epoch includes: screening; primary treatment; anaerobic digestion; exploitation of biogas (initially for street illumination); dewatering; use of biosolids for nutritional value; thermal

drying; nutrient extraction and recovery; application of activated carbon for odor abatement. In fact, the only major process operation which is not of that period is that of activated sludge which made its breakthrough in 1914 in Manchester. Here it was found that maintaining the sludge, rather than discarding it as was done previously could significantly reduce nitrification times to acceptable levels. Even so, the importance of nitrification for wastewater treatment was discussed in the UK in the 1880s. However, the issue with having wastewater treatment plants designed to meet 19th century drivers based on concepts of that time is that we live in a fundamentally changed world needing to meet different drivers and issues. In Victorian England, public and waterway health was paramount; little concern was given to water conservation, energy or resource recovery. The importance of water conservation, energy and resource recovery is becoming increasingly apparent. There is no more fresh water today than there was 2000 years ago when the population was 2% of what it is currently. Yet, in twenty years’ time, there will be over a billion additional people inhabiting the planet, and in Asia, over half the population will be living in mega-cities. This increased population will also be wealthier and consume more and varied materials. In China, eating habits are already evolving to a more meat, rather

4 C8H13N2O3 + 14 H2O = 4 N2 + 19 CH4 + 13 CO2 + 2 H2

(Equasion 1)

Modern AD plant

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TECHNOLOGY CASE STUDIES BIOSOLIDS

than vegetable centered diet. Meat based diets need approximately three times the nutrients and consume many times the water and energy needs of their meat-free alternatives for them to be sustained. ENERGY RECOVERY Wastewater treatment plants are fundamentally intertwined with water, energy and resources, and therefore play an important role on a global scale. Regarding water, on the whole, wastewater enters a plant, is processed, and like the 19th century engineers did before us, is then discarded to the local waterways. In times of increasing water scarcity and drought accelerated by climate change, there may be instances when this water could be used, for example as irrigation water, also practiced in the 19th century with the water decanted from primary settlement of sewage. Perversely, in some instances the water exiting a treatment works is cleaner than the waterways it is being transferred to, with detrimental impacts on the local environment. As far as energy recovery is concerned, best

practice involves installing anaerobic digestion technology based on the aforementioned patent from 1900. This is combined with a pre-treatment addon on to ensure approximately 60% of the inherent energy within the sewage is captured. This energy is then processed through combined heat and power plants where a further 60 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 70% is lost as heat, resulting in a recovery of only 10 to 20% of the energy available. As mentioned previously, anaerobic digestion was not conceived for energy recovery or reduction of anthropogenic carbon footprint, but rather the partial inactivation of 19th century disease causing organisms relevant to the time â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the biogas produced was therefore a by-product. Also, faced with a culture of law suits surrounding patent infringements especially in the US, early 20th century designers became inherently conservative. Subsequently these conservative designs became textbook standards, most of which are still widely used and hamper further innovation. Coupled with poor energy recovery, wastewater treatment plants are chained to activated sludge processes

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Plate press dewatering device from the 1860â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. Sludge then had low volatile solids content, subsequently typical output was in the range of 50% dry solids and above.

which crave energy. Some nutrients are recovered within the biosolids produced from wastewater treatment when it is beneficially used as a fertiliser. However, more are systematically destroyed using activated sludge treatments and their modern variants, which convert the nitrogen in the wastewater back to its gaseous form. These processes can account for between half and three quarters of the entire energy demand of a wastewater treatment plant. Ironically, at the same time the activated sludge process was established, the first full-scale Haber Bosch plant was commissioned

TECHNOLOGY CASE STUDIES BIOSOLIDS

to make 20 tones/year of ammonia fertiliser. That process works by fixing gaseous nitrogen from the air and combining it with hydrogen extracted from methane at high temperatures and pressures (500°C and 200 – 250 bar). Not surprisingly, it is a heavy energy consumer and accounts for approximately 5% of the globe’s gas and up to 2% of the energy consumption. Regarding the conservation of water, energy and resources, our wastewater plants clearly have room for improvement as they were not intended to achieve those goals. As these parameters increase in importance moving forward, it is clear that the treatment plants of tomorrow will need to evolve and adapt to help meet these needs in a manner which is both environmentally and, importantly, financially sustainable.

During early 1900s there was a growing understanding of AD

Dr Bill Barber is technical director within AECOM’s water business line. He will be giving a keynote presentation on the Future of sludge treatment at Aqua Enviro’s 20th European Biosolids & Organic Resources Conference and Exhibition at Manchester Town Hall, UK 10th-11th November 2015.

TECHNOLOGY CASE STUDIES PUMPS

ENERGY EFFICIENT PUMPS STRIKE A CHORD IN PARIS Philharmonie Concert Hall Breaks Ground in Wastewater Removal As well as setting a level in design, the new â&#x201A;Ź390 million Paris Philharmonie concert hall had to have a robust drinking and wastewater system to cope with flow variations due to mixed attendance.This article looks at the implementation of a new energy efficiency (IE4) Supreme motor in a pump station, a first in France. By Bryan Orchard

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aris is a city that is full of iconic landmarks and architectural masterpieces, but there is always room for more. The latest architectural wonder is the Paris Philharmonie concert hall, located in the Parc de la Villette on the north east side of the city. Built at a cost of â&#x201A;Ź390 million, it is not without its critics, even incurring the displeasure of its architect Jean Nouvel who now wishes to be disassociated with the project as he says that it does not match his original design. Situated in the Pantin Garden in an area now known as the City of Music, the new concert hall rises to a height of 37m, and is capped by an aluminium wrap-around screen some 52m high. Spanning an area of 100m by 330m, the concert hall features eleven overlapping levels of different heights, nine floors and two basements. At the centre of

AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2015

the building is an auditorium capable of seating more than 3,200, plus there are rehearsal suites, changing rooms, meeting rooms, exhibition spaces, an educational centre, public areas, administrative offices, shops catering facilities and parking. Inevitably, such a construction project involved many environmental challenges, not least of which was the reliability of the environmental services, operating comfort and energy efficiency of the building. Alongside the considerations of the musicians, audiences and administration personnel were the practicalities of producing an innovative, environmentally responsible and energy efficient building where water management, distribution and maintenance were prime considerations. To achieve these goals, the services of Jules CUNIN SA Group (Epinal),

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TECHNOLOGY CASE STUDIES PUMPS

for the project managers and also for Cunin and KSB who faced the challenge of controlling the energy required to circulate water around the complex.

To meet French environmental standard HQE the energy consumption of the new building had to be evaluated

were brought in to take responsibility for delivering the fluid handling infrastructure, plumbing and security of water management. To achieve this they worked closely with international pumps and valves manufacturer, KSB. Although rarely discussed, wastewater handling, water management and distribution has a significant impact in a building of this type. This was especially the case as this project was part of an environmental approach in accordance with the French environmental standard Haute Qualité Environnementale (HQE). Lead by the French Normalization Association AFNOR, this standard evaluates the energy consumption of the new building. In order to provide the concert hall with the most efficient fluid handling technologies KSB’s remit was to provide a wastewater/effluent pumping system, design a suitable distribution system for drinking quality water and also take into account the recovery and recycling of rainwater from the 22,000 m² of roof space for green areas, cleaning and maintenance. To meet the challenging requirements of handling and removing effluent and wastewater from the concert hall complex, KSB installed an SRL online lift station solution tailored to meet the environmental and operational requirements. In addition, a pumping station for delivering drinking quality water to all parts of the concert hall was installed, this aspect involving the

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implementation of the new energy efficiency (IE4) Supreme motor; this being a first in France for this motor on this type of application. CHALLENGING DESIGN As with any establishment open to the public throughout the day, let alone holding concerts and recitals, the attendance fluctuates considerably with very high levels being experienced when performances are being mounted. In order to accommodate flow variations placed on the plumbing and wastewater removal infrastructure, there was also the very important matter of aesthetics of the facilities, odour control, ease of daily maintenance and system reliability. In addition, the Philharmonie de Paris wanted to enroll in a HQE, a “first” which strongly influenced the decisions taken by Cunin Group and KSB. Five targets were highlighted in the context of the HQE: energy, water, cleaning and maintenance and quiet acoustics. For water, the project managers requested: “The reduction of water consumption for facilities including hot water and cold water in public toilets, a decrease in water pressure to 2.5 bar so as to attain large water savings, an optimised plumbing system design and the installation of meters.” The management of stormwater runoff was also requested, with recovery for watering green spaces, cleaning and maintenance of floors, facades and water harvesting. As a result, water management was a major objective

AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2015

ONLINE SOLUTION Given the building’s irregular shape, featuring overlapping levels, several hundred water points and some 30 kilometers of pipes, together with variable usage throughout the day, a robust solution both for the supply of water and the evacuation of wastewater was a prime consideration. Evacuating wastewater from public toilets, dressing rooms, offices, rehearsals rooms and teaching areas, amounting around 500 regularly used fixtures, was the first consideration. From the outset of the project, Cunin Group challenged the initial wastewater specification, which involved lift vessels and submersible pumps, due to the risk of clogging and the build-up of unpleasant odours in this prestigious and sensitive location. Having been awarded the contract a proposal was submitted by KSB that departed from a conventional approach. This was the SRL online pump evacuation lift station system, where the wastewater does not stagnate, nor is there potential for the pumps to become blocked. The SRL systems had to match the narrowness and tight dimensions of the available spaces (and pit traps). The online lift station is compact because there is no requirement for the storage of wastewater and being a modular solution, it can be passed through narrow hatches of the pit trap to be assembled in situ. The SRL online stations were designed and constructed by the Engineering Department of KSB Deville-les-Rouen, and each of the three stations comprises two pumps with frequency inverters for speed control. The principle of the dry pit proved ideal for this project, with the closed pumping design eliminating the possibility of odours and gases escaping because the effluent being transported inside the pipe does not stagnate. It also has the additional benefit that it removes the need for maintenance personnel to work with dirty water. The ability for the Amarex SRL to deliver on-demand pumping is of major importance because it accommodates occupational usage variations in flow thought the day and year.

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TECHNOLOGY CASE STUDIES PUMPS

Attendance peaks during performances mean the water/wastewater system has to deal with varying flows

The Amarex SRL is a dedicated wastewater pump that is designed to handle the type of solids-laden fluids that are discharged from toilets, kitchens, other facilities within the Philharmonie complex and rainwater. The design of the impeller and pump housing ensure a free flow of solidsladen liquid from the complex without the need for liquid storage ahead of the pumps. Flow monitors positioned in the inflow pipes measure the incoming flow and when a set level is reached the frequency flow controller activates a specific pump and the speed at which it needs to run. By equipping all the pumps with frequency flow control, the pump speed of each pump is matched to the incoming flow so power consumption is optimised and greatly reduced. Electronic monitoring also alerts maintenance personnel to the possibility of solids build-up. Apart from the attendance peaks when all wastewater facilities are heavily loaded, the varying throughput of visitors throughout the day makes for irregular usage, and therefore peaks and troughs in the concentration of solid matter, give even more weight to the online solution. The delivered pump reduces the risk of clogging to almost zero. At the centre of the installation is a vortex impeller that leaves a large free passage of 76 mm. Another consequence is the longevity of the system because it operates in a dry environment; the effluent is less aggressive reducing wear and the well dimensioned stainless steel pipes and smooth profile provider

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further guarantee of the sustainability of the facility. PRESSURE BOOSTING FIRST The installation of the Supreme motordriven booster pumps for drinking quality water was a “first” in France. As a synchronous reluctance motor, it offers high levels of energy efficiency and enables pumps to be run at varying speeds to meet the demand on the pumps. This makes the synchronous reluctance motor far more energy efficient than an asynchronous motor. For the Philharmonie de Paris, where water consumption can vary dramatically, having pumps that reflect demand, and therefore use far less energy, is of immense importance in its quest for HQE qualification. Pressure boosting pumps were identified back in 2008 as being critical to the daily operation of the Philharmonie de Paris, because of the design and number of overlapping levels in the building. Without such pumps, it would be difficult to deliver water to all 500 outlets at a constant pressure. Following recommendations made in 2008, the initial order for booster pumps was awarded to KSB, specifying the booster Surpresschrom “classic” comprising four pumps with standard IE2motors. However, in 2009 KSB developed a prototype energy-efficient synchronous reluctance motor, the Supreme. After entering full-scale production in 2012, KSB presented its new IE4 motor to Cunin Group. The result was that Cunin Group asked KSB to submit a fresh proposal based on detailed calculations

AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2015

and data provided. So convinced were Cunin Group that this solution would be exactly in line with the objective of HQE qualification for Philharmonie de Paris that the new proposal was accepted, making it the first application for the IE4 motor in France. A total of three Surpresschrom pumpsets equipped with Movitec pumps have been installed, with one featuring the new Supreme motor. One set is dedicated to the fire protection sprinkler system, one for the normal fire system and a third, containing four pumps each fitted with the Supreme motor, for sanitary standard water. Together these pumpsets give the Philharmonie the optimum solution for its goal of meeting the international IEC standard. The Supreme engine meets the IEC standard due to the result of a change in motor technology, which combined with the performance of frequency variation systems, make it a class IE4 motor. It is characterised by high efficiency at partial load, making it the ideal solution for public buildings such as the Philharmonie. Its savings compared to an “equivalent” asynchronous motor range from 10 to 50%. Using the load profiles at the Philharmonie, the annual energy consumption savings that are achievable are an impressive to 20%. In addition, its manufacture does not involve the use of rare earth materials, making it is less polluting. SUMMARY The Philharmonie de Paris has set a new level in the design and provision of world standard cultural facilities with its dedication to acoustics and accommodation for artists, audiences and employees. It has also raised the bar in its objective of meeting the highest levels of energy efficiency and environmental responsibilities. The installation of three KSB SRL online lift stations and three Surpresschrom energy efficient water system booster pumps for environmental and fire protection duties have made a major contribution towards the achievement of its goal. Bryan Orchard heads up Bryan Orchard PR Communications and representatives KSB AG. For more information on the article, email: bryan@bryanorchardpr.co.uk

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STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

STORMWATER FILTRATION HELPS AIRPORT EXPANSION CLEAR FOR TAKE-OFF Car Lot overland flow, Dane County Regional Airport

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STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

The Dane County Regional Airport in Wisconsin, US had to increase its stormwater capacity to meet requirements of treating 40% of total suspended solids.This article looks at why a final filtration solution was chosen as part of small retention pond. By Natasha Wiseman irports are often a big contributor to stormwater loading due to extensive roofed buildings and other impervious surfaces including the runway, taxiways, apron, access roads and parking lots. The stormwater runoff may be polluted with hydrocarbons from fuel, de-icer residues, suspended sediments, particulate and dissolved metals and wind-blown trash. While many airports were built before environmental regulation required them to conform to stormwater quantity and quality standards, any facilities undergoing expansions or new construction must comply. Airports are usually constructed on flat ground either on a plain, or on a valley floor. The topography therefore puts flow restrictions on the drainage, because achieving sufficient head for efficient water flow over long distances requires careful design and planning. Flat topography also favours temporary standing water; all things considered, airport drainage is a complex subject.

NO COMPROMISE ON SAFETY Another factor that must be considered is aircraft safety. In addition to reducing the standing water hazard on runways, airports spend time and money to minimise hazards from bird strikes on aircraft by reducing attractions for birds. Temporary or permanent surface water pools that could attract water fowl to the vicinity of an airport are considered dangerous. Along migration routes such as the Mid-West corridor, where large waterfowl move in huge seasonal numbers, extra care must be taken. Conventional land-based methods of managing airport runoff, such as temporary ponds and wetlands, therefore run counter to Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) guidelines, which do not allow ponds that retain water for longer than 48 hours.

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STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

manufactured treatment devices (MTDs) were considered to be the most practical type of structural BMP.

The pre-existing stormwater pond discharges into Starkweather Creek

AIRPORT EXPANSION This was the situation facing Dane County Regional Airport, in Wisconsin, which is a joint civil-military commercial airport serving the Madison area in south-central Wisconsin. It is the second largest airport in the state, with more than 100 daily flights and more than 1.6 million passengers passing through each year. In recent years, the airport has undertaken a series of construction projects, adding new runways, parking facilities, airport ramps and office space. One of these projects involved rebuilding an access road around the airport and resurfacing 5.3 acres of parking lots. To meet State stormwater regulations for this development, airport officials were required to increase the capacity of their existing stormwater treatment system, which included a small retention pond. A traditional solution to increasing the airport’s stormwater treatment capacity might include expanding the size of the existing pond. However, the location of the pond in relation to the runways could have created a problem by attracting large water birds that posed a danger to aircraft.

in runoff from the new and redeveloped impervious surfaces, without creating any standing water. At the same time, Dane County airport officials would not expand the existing stormwater pond even though it was designed to stay dry except during heavy rain events because of FAA guidelines. Additionally, there was limited space and existing drainage infrastructure that could not be abandoned. After evaluating various conventional BMPs based on land take and retrofitability,

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE The airport needed a structural Best Management Practice (BMP) that could meet the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources’ (DNR) redevelopment requirement of treating 40% of the Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

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EXISTING DRAINAGE Project team members from the airport and GRAEF, Inc., its consulting engineer on the project, reviewed several manufactured filtration systems before choosing the Up-Flo® Filter from Hydro International. The Wisconsin DNR requires treatment options to be modeled in WinSLAMM, a Source Loading and Management software program developed by PV & Associates. Using real rainfall data from Madison Airport, WinSLAMM was used to generate probability distributions of flows that were expected from the 5.3 acre site. Planned for release late in 2014 version 10.2 of WinSLAMM will have the Up-Flo filter coded in as a standard BMP option and will allow engineers to size the filter according to the treatment goals. Performance data from filter field testing was applied to the WinSLAMM outputs to determine the size required to comply with the DNR’s goal of 40% TSS reduction. The filtration system removes trash, sediment, nutrients, metals and hydrocarbons from stormwater runoff. In terms of maintenance, confined space-trained personnel with a standard vactor truck can clean the sump and

All things considered, airport drainage is a complex subject. Attractions for birds need to be reduced for aircraft safety

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

change the filter bags in less than an hour. No cranes or heavy lift equipment are required to remove or install the bags. LOW HEAD, HIGH EFFICIENCY GRAEF initially chose the Filter based on cost per filtered flow rate. It was soon realised that the filtration product could operate with a 9-inch drop between inlet and outlet and filter more than 100 gpm with only 20 inches of driving head, on an overall water elevation difference of about 2.5 feet. The pre-existing stormwater pond discharges into Starkweather Creek, which feeds into Lake Monona near downtown Madison. To minimise construction costs and fully take advantage of the filter unitâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s intended use for source control, GRAEF construction engineer Ed Premo placed it upstream of the existing pond. In this position it intercepts the majority of the most frequently occurring runoff. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The pond and adjacent storm sewer emptying in Starkweather Creek are

free of sediment, and to this date the maintenance has been very minimal,â&#x20AC;? Ed Premo, construction engineer at GRAEF. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The device chosen was the most economical option and solved an issue that the Wisconsin DNR had with the additional parking areas the airport had planned for the desired growth of business. The pond and adjacent storm sewer emptying in Starkweather Creek are free of sediment, and to this date the maintenance has been very minimal.â&#x20AC;? An existing catch basin was modified to divert over 50% of the annual runoff to the filter prior to overflowing into the pond. The pond was used for detention and treatment of the more infrequent overflows essentially providing a polishing stage. This kept the majority of the pollutant load in the filter and significantly reduced the maintenance needs of the pond. Natasha Wiseman represents Sharon Lindsay PR. For more information on this project, email: Sharon@sharonlindsaypr.co.uk

Up-Flo filter during maintenance. Several manufactured filtration systems were reviewed by consulting engineer GRAEF before deciding on this option from Hydro International

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DESALINATION MEMBRANE ANALYSIS

CANARY ISLANDS TESTING GROUND FOR RO REVAMP

After 11 years in operation, a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant in the Canary Islands needed a refurbishment to increase capacity, reduce energy and maintain the quality of drinking water produced. This article looks at the analysis of the selected RO membranes and the resulting energy saving after installation. By Blanca Salgado, Juan Manuel Ortega, Jasna Blazheska, Joan Sanz and Verónica García-Molina

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eawater desalination by means of Reverse Osmosis (RO) membranes has always been challenged by its association with high energy consumption values. In order to reduce the cost of water production and maximise the efficiency of desalination by reverse osmosis, membrane manufacturers have been researching to reach higher permeability, especially for seawater applications, where operating pressures and the resulting energy consumption are critical factors. The Canary Islands Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination plant was designed and built by Veolia Water Systems Ibérica, back in 2003. The plant includes a beach well, followed by a pretreatment consisting of pressurised dual media sand filter and a cartridge filter 5µm. It was originally equipped with a high pressure pump with variable frequency drive and Pelton turbine as energy recovery device. With a configuration of four pressure vessels, each of them with seven elements per vessel, the plant was originally equipped with Dow Filmtec SW30HR-380 elements. The original production capacity was 400 m3/day of permeate water and, since a different energy recovery device was installed, the average specific energy consumption recorded was 4.9 kWh/m3 of permeate

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water (whole installation including pretreatment). The permeate water produced is used for drinking water purposes and to comply with the local regulations, the permeate water Boron levels were below 1 ppm. Concerning the TDS (Total Dissolved Solids), the values registered were below 400 ppm. After 11 years in operation, in 2014 the plant was requiring a revamp. Once again, Veolia Water Systems Ibérica was responsible to upgrade the installation. This upgrade included the substitution of the existing high pressure pump and existing energy recovery device, the installation of a different energy recovery system, together with the loading of a new set of seawater RO elements. The revamping of the installation had three objectives: increasing the capacity of the unit, reducing the specific energy consumption requirement, and maintaining the quality of the permeate water produced. Through its delegation in the Canary Islands, the Technical Direction of Veolia Water Systems Ibérica, together with Dow Water and Process Solutions technical service, evaluated alternatives with regards to the change of seawater RO elements. The configuration selected for the RO membranes, included a hybrid combining two types of elements: Dow

DESALINATION MEMBRANE ANALYSIS

Filmtec SW30XHR-440i were installed in the first three front positions of the pressure vessel, while Dow Filmtec Seamaxx elements were installed in the four rear positions. The aim of the new configuration, during the project planning and execution, was to offer a design able to comply with the local regulations in terms of permeate water quality, while ensuring increased capacity and reducing the specific energy consumption. The design calculations were performed with Dow Filmtec’s Reverse Osmosis System Analysis – ROSA software. Besides the change of RO elements, the high pressure pump with frequency converter and Pelton turbine was replaced by a new generation exchange pressure system I-SAVE 40 with a high pressure pump APP-24, both from Danfoss. For the follow-up of operational parameters of the unit, besides the control by PLC, corresponding HMI and associated instruments (conductivity, pressure, flowrate and differential pressure), Veolia Water Systems Iberica installed as well a Data-Logger from Jumo, with software PAC-3000. This Data-Logger registers and stores

the most representative data for the follow-up and control of the plant: feed and permeate flowrates, permeate conductivity, feed and concentrate pressure, and total specific energy consumption (including pre-treatment). Also, the following information is recorded manually, with appropriate frequency: raw water temperature and conductivity both in the raw water stream to the plant and the feed to RO elements (so the percentage of mixing in the energy recovery device is monitored), and the individual energy consumption associated to low pressure pump, high pressure pump and energy recovery device. OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF RO ELEMENTS The revamping work was performed and finished in the beginning of 2013. The new set of RO elements, including Seamaxx was installed and put in operation in May 2013. The performance of the desalination plant will be compared, with the performance of the previous elements, and also to Dow Filmtec’s Reverse Osmosis System Analysis – ROSA

simulation software and DOW FTNORM normalisation tool. The performance of the RO membrane system is recorded continuously, and frequently normalised by means of FTNORM. Data of the first days of operation once the system was stabilised have been taken as reference values for normalisation. The new configuration including Seamaxx elements, despite the increase in production capacity to 550 m3/day of permeate water, provides average specific energy consumption values of 2.1 kWh/m3 of permeate water (including pretreatment and RO section). The quality of the permeate water produced is still compliant with the local drinking water regulations. PLANT PERFORMANCE VS ROSA Besides the follow-up of the operational parameters by the means of FTNORM, the plant follow-up has as well been done by comparing its actual performance with operation projections (using Reverse Osmosis System Analysis – ROSA software from Dow). The evaluation of operational pressure and observed permeate quality is

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DESALINATION MEMBRANE ANALYSIS

Canary Islands SWRO Desalination Unit.Typical view of DATA-LOGGER register of operational data and graphic representation.

performed through the calculation of average equivalent ROSA Flow Factor (FF). This is as well as the comparison of permeate water quality as per expected through ROSA and TDS/Boron content in permeate samples, taken and evaluated both Tarragona’s Dow Water & Process Solutions R&D Lab and in external certified laboratories. The evaluation of the observed operating pressure when compared

to ROSA Flow Factor calculation leads to equivalent values of 1.12 to 0.96 since start-up. The ROSA Flow Factor is understood to reflect multiple phenomena such as slight changes in membrane permeability during service life as well as the impact of fouling. Note no chemical cleaning (CIP) has been performed since the start-up of the unit in May 2013. The comparison of ROSA simulations

for the permeate water quality and the values measured from the samples taken in different moments of the operation of the unit since start-up show very similar values both in terms of TDS and Boron. The quantification of the deviation (measured value vs value obtained from the simulation) is leading steady calculated deviation, in the ranges of 3% to 12%. All the activities performed for the revamp of the plant, including, but not limited to the replacement of eleven year old Dow FILMTEC elements by an Internally Staged Design (ISD) including Seamaxx have led to a decrease in specific energy consumption from 4.9 kWh/m3 to 2.1 kWh/m3. This included an increase in the production flow rate of 150 m3/day. Blanca Salgado and Verónica GarcíaMolina are from Dow Water & Process Solutions, Spain, Juan Manuel Ortega and Joan Sanz are from Veolia Water Solutions and Technologies and Jasna Blazheska is from Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria Química, Tarragona, Spain.

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TECHNOLOGY CASE STUDIES R&D - REED BED TREATMENT

Constructed wetlands are growing in popularity for the treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater.

AUTONOMOUS

REED BED INSTALLATIONS Understanding Challenging Clogging Constructed wetlands have gained popularity to treat industrial and municipal wastewater. Although these can be operated for 10 years without human intervention, eventually they can become clogged. A â&#x201A;Ź1.1 EU funded twoyear project set out to address how autonomous reed bed installations (ARBI) can help lead to a reduction in clogging rate. By Theodore Hughes-Riley

onstructed wetlands have received increasing levels of interest in recent years as a clean, cost-effective and environmentally friendly form of treatment for both domestic and industrial wastewater. A normal constructed wetland, sometimes known as a reed bed, is typically comprised of a gravel bed through which wastewater flows facilitating its treatment. The interstitial spaces between the gravel particles form a network of connected channels through which the effluent flows. Over time, microorganisms

start to grow on the surface of gravel stones forming microbial biofilms. These are responsible for removing pollutants from the wastewater as it passes over them, with chemical processes and physical filtration also playing a role in eliminating contaminants. Many such wetlands will often also include aquatic plants such as the common reed (Phragmites Australis) or yellow flag Iris (Iris Pseudacorus). These assist the process through insulation, nutrient recycling, solids knockdown and stimulation of a broader microbial diversity within the bed.

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TECHNOLOGY CASE STUDIES R&D - REED BED TREATMENT

HUMAN INTERVENTION A common feature added to commercial wetlands is aeration which increases the oxygen-transfer within the beds, and therefore treatment performance as the prime mechanism of action is aerobic microbial degradation. Furthermore, the heating of wetlands can prevent certain microorganisms becoming dormant in the winter months, further improving the beds operability in all seasons. Wetlands have been seen to operate without human intervention for around 10 years before the microbial biofilms and particulates significantly occlude the interstitial spaces in the aggregate and severely retard water flow. Eventually these voids become so occluded, or clogged, that the bed will experience bypass or surface flow, leading ultimately to untreated water reaching the water course. As a result, maintenance of beds in this state must be carried out, which is both time consuming and costly. One method currently used to reduce the effects of clogging is step-feeding. As biofilm growth is most pronounced

When it comes to

at the location where the bed is fed with influent, to prevent prohibitive clogging in this part of the bed the feeding location is moved. This will to some extent also happen naturally as the clogged areas see bypass flow to neighbouring areas of the bed. Clogging levels are typically determined using tracer dyes, where a dye will be put into the bed in one location and then monitored further down in the fluid stream. However, this is a time consuming process and can take a number of days to carry out. Recent advances have allowed for the clog state to be determined in real time using a magnetic resonance sensor. Magnetic resonance is best known in everyday life for medical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Unlike such systems however, the probes used for such measurements are very small and inexpensive, becoming economical to be buried in the gravel bed permanently. REDUCING THE CLOGGING RATE The autonomous reed bed installation (ARBI) project is an EU FP7 initiative to develop an optimised water treatment

system with a focus on the reduction of clogging rate. The aim is to allow the beds to operate without human intervention for longer than would normally be possible. The consortium comprises five companies and two universities from four different European nations. The autonomous reed bed installation project began in September 2013, with â&#x201A;Ź1.1 million of funding to run the two year research and development project. Now nearing the projects end, the prototype ARBI modules are now well into the testing phase, where the water treatment capabilities of the autonomously controlled bed are being compared to the those of a conventional bed with no aeration, heating, or step feeding, and that of a bed with constant forced aeration. These tests are being carried out on both municipal and industrial wastewater. Each ARBI module is a completely self-contained unit with an advanced network of embedded sensors to control a variety of factors. An aeration system has been included to ensure that the optimal

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The diagram above is a representation of the components that make up an autonomous reed bed installation (ARBI) module.

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This chart shows the reduction in COD for an aerated and a non-aerated bed, with the influent COD concentration shown for comparison. Five different oxygen set-points were used, where 0.5 ppm was the lowest seen to significantly improve the treatment efficiency.

TECHNOLOGY CASE STUDIES R&D - REED BED TREATMENT

BUBBLE SIZE The fact that the prototype testing stage has been reached shows that one of the major project aims, to fully develop a modular constructed wetland system, has been achieved. A lot of the efforts of the project have gone into developing the ideal design for these modules and as a consequence the optimal operational parameters had to be investigated. One area that was a focus of research activities, was determining the preferential parameters for the aeration system, this included details such as the correct bubble size for uniform distribution across the bed and critically the level of the dissolved oxygen within the bed that would yield the best contaminant removal. While additional improvements are seen at higher levels of aeration, these are not sufficiently beneficial to warrant the additional power required. Another key goal of the project was to contribute to addressing the gap between research and innovation on eco-technologies applied to wastewater treatment. Additionally, a core area of the research was to investigate the capabilities of magnetic resonance to detect the clogging level within the constructed wetlands. This was as well subsequently developing a field deployable probe intended for long term embedding into wetlands. While various types of MR probe were investigated in this project, the final MR probe was prepared using permanent Neodymium magnets in a fully waterproofed housing, suitable for long-term embedding into gravel beds. The clogging probes collect information about the sample using MR relaxation measurements which tell us about the environment of water molecules and therefore tell us about the extent of clogging.

UNDERSTANDING THE CLOGGING PROCESS Of the two main relaxation parameters, T1 has been shown to be sensitive to clog state and its potential for determining the relative proportions of free water, biofilms and other suspended solids in the sample was investigated in this project. In particular, a bulk measurement that does not separate out the different components can give a good indication of how clogged the wetland is and would prove adequate for controlling the step feeding system. As shown in the diagram of the ARBI module, the probes are deployed at different locations and depths within the bed to provide the control system with as complete a picture of the locations of clogging as possible. Not only will this allow the ARBI system to make informed decisions about the step feeding location but the development of this clog state sensing technology may lead to a better understanding of the clogging process within wetlands. Ultimately, ARBI provides a number of advantages over conventional wetlands. When a regular bed clogs, the site must go offline while the beds are replaced and refurbished. ARBI’s modular nature means that the unit can be collected and replaced more rapidly than the alternatives. This also allows for a quick and simple initial installation as the beds will be stored seeded and ready to function from the point of connection. The use of aeration and heating allow for a superior treatment efficiency, which means that the ARBI modules can be smaller than a non-aerated bed. Finally the inclusion of the clog sensors and autonomous step-feeding will mean that ARBI will have a longer operational lifetime between refurbishments, compensating for the limited operational lifetimes of conventional wetland installations. Theodore Hughes-Riley is a research fellow at Nottingham Trent University. Contributing authors include: Patrick Hawes, Enrica Uggetti, Lauren Mowberry, Christophe L. Trabi, Dario Ortega Anderez, Elizabeth R. Dye, Fraser Hill-Casey, J. Beau W. Webber, Jaume Puigagut, Joan García, Michael I. Newton, Robert H. Morris. For further information on the ARBI modules and for the latest updates, please see the project website at http://arbi-eu.com

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dissolved oxygen concentration for microorganism health is achieved. This is controlled by a dissolved oxygen sensor, so that the aeration is only activated when necessary, saving power. An autonomously controlled heating element is used to maintain a temperature above a threshold allowing for a consistent level of water treatment all year round in any temperate climate. Finally, MR sensors are used to signal a change in the feeding location on the bed depending on the distribution of clogging and inform the end user once the bed has become critically clogged.

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TECHNOLOGY CASE STUDIES FLOW LEVEL MEASUREMENT

OPTIMISING WATER OPERATIONS

IN MANILA, PHILIPPINES Insufficient pressure caused by high flow during peak demand can lead to customer complaints. Boosting pressure to address these issues can have a significant negative impact on leakage levels, burst frequency and energy consumption. Manila Water in the Philippines chose a solution that helped to not only save 580 m3/day but saved operator time. By Andrew Burrows

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anila Water is one of many water utilities that has started using new smart network management technologies to understand pressure flow relationships and optimise the pressure of water in their distribution networks. This is helping to improve customer service, achieve environmental savings and improve the resilience of its network. The utility provides water and wastewater services to more than 6.2 million people in the East Zone of the Philippinesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; capital city. The area comprises one million households, served by more than 800,000 water service connections. Since its formation in 1997, Manila Water has spent more than USD$85 million on

TECHNOLOGY CASE STUDIES FLOW LEVEL MEASUREMENT

infrastructure improvements, which have increased water availability and improved the service levels to customers across the city. CHALLENGE Manila Water wanted to improve pressure control across its network to significantly reduce energy use, minimise leakage and reduce the need for manual intervention. The region covered by Manila Water’s network includes areas of high demand, which have required pumps to keep water pressure high to compensate for pressure losses. The company operates 26 pumping stations to supply water to its customers and to feed storage facilities. Pumping all of this water requires a significant amount of energy which, combined with some of the most expensive power rates in Asia, mean that pumping costs are one of the company’s biggest operating expenses. As a result, Manila Water was keen to find a way to improve efficiency, reduce its energy use, optimise pressure across the network, reduce volumes of non-revenue water and improve

customer service levels. N. Domingo Pump Station supplies a wide range of domestic and commercial customers, including hospitals, hotels, schools and colleges. As a result, the area has very high and very variable demand for water, with flows ranging from 40 litre/second (l/s) at night, up to 175 l/s during peak demand. Pressure variations were leading to excessive wear and tear on the network, resulting in bursts and high water loss. As well as high levels of leakage, the area was failing to meet its agreed customer service levels for pressure on a daily basis. N. Domingo Pump Station has a 54,000 m3/day MLD capacity with three 100 HP pumps, one fitted with a variable speed drive (VSD) and two with fixed speed drives. However, the pumps require manual intervention via SCADA interface to manage pressure and demand. SOLUTION “We decided to pilot i2O’s Pump Pressure Optimisation solution in the N. Domingo Pump Station, one of our newly rehabilitated pump stations,”

says Jalil B. Madueño, manager of production planning and control at Manila Water. The i2O Pump Pressure Optimisation solution was installed at the N. Domingo Pump Station. The pump controller was housed in the programmable logic controller cabinet, and a pressure sensor was installed at the critical point in the network. Service levels had been set to a minimum of 18m and a maximum of 25m. Prior to the installation of the system, pressure at the critical point was variable, dropping below the minimum of 18m for 12% of the time, and further dropping to 15m during peak periods. In contrast, for eight hours a day pressure was typically 5m too high. The pump solution was configured to automatically control the VSD pump, and to switch the two fixed speed pumps on and off as required, to ensure customer service levels were consistently achieved without creating excess pressure in the network. A primary requirement for the technology was that it could manage the complex pump set-up without compromising customer service. To

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TECHNOLOGY CASE STUDIES FLOW LEVEL MEASUREMENT

ensure the system operated smoothly, 24 hours a day, the i2O solution was fully integrated with the existing SCADA system, with real-time alarms to notify the plant manager of any issues. AUTOMATIC OPTIMISATION Continuous, automatic optimisation delivers a stable target pressure to the customer, driving out excess pressure from pressure managed zones. Minimising average and maximum pressures reduces leakage and burst frequency, and associated costs for operational tasks, such as repairs and leakage control. In pump-fed network zones, the automatic optimisation of pressure also directly reduces energy consumption. Lowering pressures and calming pressure fluctuations also extends the lifetime of mains and service connections. The precise control of pressure delivers a consistent service level to the customer, further enhanced by the automatic re-adjustment of pressures in response to network events or changes in demand characteristics. As well as Automatic Optimisation of both PRVs and pumps, these solutions

also provide network visibility and intelligence, and remote control of PRVs and pumps to improve operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. RESULTS By pumping at lower pressures and with less water pumped into leaks, the N. Domingo Pumping Station now uses significantly less energy, which in turn lowers the company’s operational costs. Energy use has been reduced by 283kWh per day, which equates to annual savings of £12,866 (827,000 PhP) for this one pump station. Weekday leakage has been reduced by 14% and weekend leakage by 22%. This equates to an average of 580,000 litres per day, with an average overall saving of 18%. This has reduced costs by £7,200 (480K PhP) per annum. Burst rates have also been reduced due to lower maximum pressures and smoother control of pressure. The company now achieves its daily customer service levels for pressure 99.8% of the time, compared to just 88% of the time before the system was installed. The total combined savings resulting from lower leakage levels and

lower energy consumption are £20,066 (1.3 million PhP) per annum. Manila Water says that using the technology, the utility has unlocked around 30% of its operators’ time. “As a result, they are able to spend more time on strategic issues, such as maintenance, checking stocks and planning,” says Madueño. “The fact that we can access and view the system 24 hours a day means we can react faster and improve our response time, which in turn is further increasing our customer service levels.” He adds: “With wider deployment, we estimate that it could extend the life of our infrastructure by around five to ten years. This will not only help us safeguard our assets, but also lower capital expenditure over the longer term.” Manila Water has now identified another eight pump stations as potential sites for the systems, which the company expects to deploy in the coming months. Andrew Burrows is a director and founding member of the Smart Networks Forum and founded i2O Water in 2005.

The world’s leading trade event for process, drinking and waste water

AMSTERDAM • NL

EXHIBITION 3 - 6 NOVEMBER

2015

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See high-tech companies, innovative technologies and trends Programme on industrial water use, storm water and smart water networks

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INTERNATIONAL SHOW PREVIEW AQUATECH AMSTERDAM

COCA-COLA’S GLOBAL WATER CHALLENGE Aiming to be water neutral by 2020, Coca-Cola has set the challenge to use less than a litre of water in the manufacturing of a litre of its products. Ahead of Aquatech Amsterdam, which is increasingly looking at industrial water, this article looks at how one of the world’s largest beverage companies is improving its logistics to become a more efficient user of water. By Greg Koch t Coca-Cola we’ve been paying close attention to global water challenges for some time. We’re a global beverage company that relies on water for our finished beverages, their production and to grow key agricultural ingredients. Every day in more than 200 countries and territories, we’re working to improve our water efficiency, manage wastewater and stormwater discharges, mitigate water-related risks, and replenish the water we use. Since we make our products where we sell them, we have a business imperative to work to ensure the sustainability of local water sources everywhere we operate. So, while we strive to improve our internal business efficiencies, we recognise that’s not enough. Our water stewardship program focuses exactly on such responsible behavior for all of the Coca-Cola businesses globally. The program sets plans and goals in place for everything from source water assessment and protection plans to water efficiency improvements and returning the water we use to communities and nature through treated wastewater and replenishment projects. We have also

expanded our water stewardship efforts beyond our business to our suppliers through guidelines set to sustainably source our key agricultural ingredients in our Sustainable Agriculture Guiding Principles. REPLENISHING WATER In 2007, we set an aspirational goal to be ‘water neutral’ or ‘water balanced’ by 2020. Meaning, we would return the equivalent amount of water we used in our beverages and their production each year by 2020. At the time, that goal seemed ambitious and potentially unattainable as we expected our business to grow and thus, our water use would also grow. Today, we’re proud to say that we’re on track to meet that goal, and possibly even meet it early, all while our business has grown. We’ve done so by improving our water efficiency (less water per liter of product produced) by more than 24% since 2004 and through increasing our focus on wastewater treatment and replenishment projects. Our replenish strategy is twofold: Firstly, return to nature and communities the water in our beverages

through water projects outside our manufacturing plant boundaries, and secondly, return the water we use to make our beverages back to a community after we’ve fully treated it. TREATED WASTEWATER The majority of the water we source to make our beverages is from established municipal systems or from other sources like rivers, reservoirs, wells, aquifers, etc – each governed by local authorities and stringent, internal requirements. The water that does not go into our beverages but is instead used in our manufacturing process (approximately 1.03 liters per liter of product produced in 2014) is treated to our comprehensive global quality standards and then returned to nature and municipalities. We set an industry wide goal to require all of our plants to implement strict standards to treat and return the water we use in our manufacturing process back to nature at a level that supports aquatic life, even when not required or requested by local governments and communities. In many cases, this goal drove our bottling plants to adopt processes

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INTERNATIONAL SHOW PREVIEW AQUATECH AMSTERDAM

and technology for comprehensive wastewater treatment within our facilities – a sizeable commitment and investment of approximately $1 billion across our system. This intense focus has moved wastewater treatment from a goal to a standard operating requirement adopted by the Coca-Cola system. To date, all of our company-owned plants are compliant with our wastewater treatment standards and either fully treat wastewater on site or use a municipal or government-approved wastewater treatment plant with secondary treatment. All but one of our plants in the CocaCola system are compliant with, or in the process of adopting, our standards. This is a huge win for our system and for the environment with almost 126.7 billion liters of water being fully treated and returned directly from our bottling plants, all over the world. REPLENISHMENT PROJECTS Replenish aims to return the water used in our finished beverages back to nature and communities through the support of healthy watersheds and locally focused community water projects. The projects we engage in typically center on safe water access and sanitation, watershed protection, water for productive use, and education on and awareness-raising of water issues, including engagement on policy. Replenish projects are often identified and implemented through source vulnerability assessments (SVAs) and source water protection plans (SWPPs), which are required of all of our bottling plants and built with the local community. The projects we support are in partnership with local governments and other respected third-party partners. Between 2005 and the end of 2014, we balanced an estimated 94% of the water used in our finished beverages based on 2014 sales volume, for a total of 153.6 billion liters of water replenished to communities and nature. This work includes more than 500 projects in more than 100 countries and territories with partners such as WWF, USAID, The Nature Conservancy, Water for People, UN-HABITAT, and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). With UNDP, for example, we support Every Drop Matters, an initiative

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helping tackle challenges related to water supply, sanitation, water management and climate change around the world. Through this longstanding partnership between Coca-Cola Eurasia and Africa Group and UNDP, we have joined in undertaking more than 100 projects in more than 20 countries. In Uzbekistan, solar power and pump sets supplying safe drinking water have been implemented in more than 25 communities, reaching an estimated 130,000 people in the Navoi and Samarkand regions. And, in 2014, we expanded our UNDP partnership through New World, a new program focused on inclusive, sustainable human development initiatives, including water, that make meaningful long-term improvements in communities. Another effective replenish effort for us has been water funds - financial instruments designed to protect and preserve water for all users in a given watershed. Water fund investments come from a wide variety of donors across a watershed and even beyond including local water users, businesses and government agencies. Funds are directed toward projects that protect key lands upstream to filter and regulate water supply. Projects may include creation of conservation areas, changes in land use (e.g., prohibiting livestock grazing on river banks, reforestation, removal of invasive plant species), and introduction of more sustainable farming techniques. Coca-Cola has invested in around 50 water funds across 11 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, with TNC, FEMSA Foundation and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) being key partners for 48 of these projects. These funds are managed through a partnership between TNC, FEMSA Foundation, IDB and the Global Environment Facility (GEF), and support a range of conservation projects, from reforestation to community and farmer education initiatives. Lessons learned in Latin America are now helping solve water challenges in Nairobi, Kenya, where the Upper Tana-Nairobi Water Fund (the first in Africa) is working to protect the hugely important Tana River. This local fund supports improvements in how lands and waters are managed to benefit Kenyan communities, farmers and businesses throughout the watershed.

AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2015

BEYOND OUR REPLENISH GOAL Once we meet our goal of replenishing the water we use, which we anticipate will happen ahead of 2020, we won’t consider our replenish work complete. Replenish will be an ongoing part of our water stewardship program. As our business and product volume continue to grow, we intend to grow our replenish projects to continue to balance the water use of our entire system across more than 200 countries and territories. In fact, some countries in the CocaCola system have already achieved or exceeded 100% replenishment. In India, for example, as a result of collaborative efforts with NGOs, the government, other industries, farmers and local communities, and bottling partners, Coca-Cola has achieved full balance between groundwater used in beverage production and that replenished to nature and communities—achieving ‘water positive’ status. Efforts in India to replenish groundwater, which increase local available supplies, are focused on rainwater harvesting, groundwater aquifer recharge, constructing check dams, restoring ponds and other natural bodies, and supporting agricultural improvements. We have around 600 rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge projects across 22 of India‘s 35 states and territories with the estimated potential to return nearly 150% of the groundwater used. Our India colleagues are setting a leading example for the Coca-Cola system of dedication to sustaining a water balance. Maintaining 100% replenishment across the system will require continued treatment of all process wastewater even as government regulation of treatment becomes stricter in some parts of the world. And, it means working with our bottling partners to ensure projects remain sustainable and continue to replenish water. When it comes to sustainability, we must set goals and achieve them to make significant progress. But, it is important to keep in mind that sustainability work is never done. Sustainability is a journey, and one that is more successful in partnership and with a view and purpose that extends beyond our own entities. Greg Koch is senior director of Global Water Stewardship at Coca-Cola.

INTERNATIONAL SHOW PREVIEW AQUATECH AMSTERDAM

MEETING GLOBAL WATER SHORTAGE CHALLENGES H yflux has established itself as a global player in the water treatment market with a comprehensive suite of services spanning R&D, membrane & component manufacturing, design & process engineering, EPC (engineering, procurement & construction) and operations and maintenance. Among the top desalination providers and with more than 1,300 plants in over 400 locations, Hyflux has over the years proven itself through the design and construction of both municipal and industrial water treatment projects of various scales and in diverse locations worldwide. By leveraging on its indepth experience and expertise across the full water value chain, Hyflux is able to provide innovative product and system solutions that help meet the challenges of water shortages in communities and industries. The much-anticipated launch of Hyflux’s reinforced-PES ultrafiltration (UF) Kristal membranes unveiled a unique and enhanced addition to its trusted and award-winning proprietary ultrafiltration Kristal line. The PES material has been reinforced to feature high tensile strength that is capable of withstanding feed water of high turbidity, thus prolonging the lifespan of the membranes. The hydrophilic PES also presents a lower fouling rate that reduces the need for frequent chemical dosing and thereby offers significant cost-efficiency

Reinforced Kristal membranes feature high tensile strength to withstand feed water with a high turbidity

in operation and maintenance. Clients may be assured of improved water flux due to the membrane’s distinctive asymmetric structure. Kristal membranes are found in over 40% of seawater reverse osmosis desalination pre-treatment projects around the world, producing more than 2.5 million cubic metres of product water daily. These include the Tianjin Dagang Desalination Plant (100,000 m3), the largest in China, and Magtaa Desalination Plant (500,000 m3), the largest in Algeria and one of the largest in the world. Hyflux also offers an innovative range of Standard Membrane Systems, which integrate proprietary Kristal membranes and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes within pre-engineered systems

The Standard Membrane System is shipped to customers in a significantly shorter lead time

based on a modularised concept that enables scalability to meet a wide range of water specifications and conditions. Designed to be compact, the Standard Membrane System is constructed and shipped to the customer in a significantly shorter lead time compared to building a water treatment plant from the ground up. They therefore provide an alternative that is faster, footprintefficient and more cost-effective. Clients can also be assured of high-quality performance from Hyflux’s superior proprietary ultrafiltration Kristal membranes, which are ideal for the pretreatment before the RO process. An extension of the Standard Membrane System, and a distinctive MBR solution is the containerised MBR system suitable for both municipal and industrial wastewater treatment from small to large scale. Arriving pre-engineered and encased within standard-sized containers, Hyflux’s containerised MBR systems boast shorter lead times, ease of installation and the required scalability to meet growing wastewater challenges communities and industries face around the world. To find out more, visit our Aquatech Amsterdam 2015 Booth: 03.200. For enquiries, please send an email to sales@hyfluxmembranes.com.

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SUSTAINABLE MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER SOLUTIONS I t’s time to turn waste into new business opportunities. Rising energy costs. Expensive labour. Growing populations. Today, more than 50% of the world’s population of seven billion people live in cities – and the trend towards urbanisation continues to rise. Imagine what this means for municipal wastewater and sludge treatment. Now add the increasingly stringent regulations and you will understand that what worked today may not work tomorrow. In cities everywhere, there is an increasing need for efficient processing of wastewater and sludge. To tackle these complex and conflicting challenges, a partner with the full perspective of wastewater treatment needs, and an array of reliable solutions to solve them is needed. FULL-LINE SOLUTIONS ANDRITZ SEPARATION has been providing smart solutions for solid/ liquid separation for 150 years. Today, these cover the entire wastewater and sludge treatment process, from screening and thickening to dewatering and drying. Small or large cities, greenfield or brownfield, ANDRITZ SEPARATION has supplied innovative solutions to municipalities on every continent and in every regulatory environment. TACKLING GLOBAL CHALLENGES In Singapore, this means replacing six outdated sewage works with three massive new wastewater treatment plants, including constructing the largest drying plant in the world to date. With five lines, each capable of evaporating 11 tons of water per hour, the first new plant is now 100% sustainable, with dryers running entirely on biogas produced by sludge digestion. ANDRITZ SEPARATION’s ambition is to: provide efficient, reliable and safe wastewater treatment solutions that are less costly to install, operate and maintain while meeting the strictest local requirements. And as part of a global organisation with professionals in

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Where ANDRITZ SEPARATION fits into a municipal wastewater treatment plant

40 countries, ANDRITZ SEPARATION has the experience, financial strength, and technical resources to deliver exactly that. 150 YEARS OF OEM EXPERIENCE With an installed global base of more than 55,000 solid/liquid separation solutions and systems, you can imagine that ANDRITZ SEPARATION takes service seriously. Wherever these customers are located, we work very closely with them to maximise uptime and boost efficiency. WELL-KNOWN OEM BRANDS Some customers know ANDRITZ SEPARATION as the people with ANDRITZ SEPARATION on their overalls. Others have come to understand that ANDRITZ SEPARATION is the OEM behind former brand names like Netzsch Filtration, 3Sys Technologies, Bird, KHD Humboldt Wedag, Rittershaus & Blecher, Guinard, Lenser, KMPT, Escher Wyss, Royal GMF Gouda, Frautech, and Sprout Bauer, companies who all have been acquired by ANDRITZ. But frankly, ANDRITZ SEPARATION is capable of servicing and supplying spare parts for nearly all brands of solid/liquid separation equipment on the market. LOCAL SUPPORT BACKED BY GLOBAL EXPERTISE ANDRITZ SEPARATION’s service philosophy is simple: One phone call, one contact person, one dedicated team

AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2015

Well-known OEM brands under one roof: ANDRITZ SEPARATION

that speaks its customers’ language and knows their equipment and process. This is not an empty promise. It is backed by a network of 550 service specialists for solid/liquid separation equipment and systems as well as service centers all around the world. A TRUE FULL-SERVICE PROVIDER Whether customers need spare parts, rentals, local service, repairs, upgrades, or modernisation of equipment, ANDRITZ SEPARATION is a 360-degree service partner. From initial consulting through to service agreements, plant optimisation, automation, and training programs, we are always looking for ways to minimise downtime and increase predictability in operations while raising the overall production efficiency. www.andritz.com

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INTERNATIONAL SHOW PREVIEW AQUATECH AMSTERDAM

AQUATECH AMSTERDAM 2015 CELEBRATES 25TH EDITION Bürkert Fluid Control Systems is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of measuring, control and regulating systems for liquids and gases. Bürkert products are used in a wide range of industries and applications. With a portfolio of more than 30,000 products, Bürkert is the only supplier to offer all fluid control system components: from solenoid valves to process and analytical valves as well as pneumatic actuators and sensors. Booth: 02.128

Hyflux is a leading global fully-integrated water solutions company committed to producing water that is clean, safe, affordable and accessible. Our projects and operations span across the globe, and include landmark projects such as some of the world’s largest seawater reverse osmosis desalination plants in Singapore, China and Algeria. We offer sustainable solutions in the areas of membrane-based desalination, water recycling, wastewater treatment, including membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology, and potable water treatment. Booth 03.200

ANDRITZ SEPARATION is one of the leading global suppliers of technologies and services in the solid/liquid separation and thermal treatment areas for the environmental sector (particularly wastewater treatment), for mining and mineral processing, the chemical industry, and for the food and beverages industries. The extensive portfolio covers centrifuges, filters, thermal systems, screens, thickeners and separators. Booth: 07.540

Proco Products This year at Aquatech, Proco Products, Inc. will be displaying the ProFlex® Style 750 Inline check valve. This enclosed body design is suited for heavy duty applications where elements such as abrasive slurries or sludge are present. The Series 750 features a maintenance free design with no hinges or seals to bind or freeze. No external power sources are required, thereby making operation costs obsolete. In addition, the unique advantage of the valve is its ability to offer zero valve slam, which can often occur upon pump shut down. Booth: 7.205

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INTERNATIONAL SHOW PREVIEW AQUATECH AMSTERDAM

MODULAR MULTI-CHANNEL TRANSMITTER/CONTROLLER B ürkert will present multiCELL transmitter/controller type 8619 in a new housing version and optional 110/230 VAC supply at Aquatech Amsterdam. Bürkert’s modular multi-channel multiCELL transmitter/controller type 8619 is a customisable measuring system with an extended range of functionalities that can work with multiple types of sensors. With this new variant, fluid technology specialist Bürkert has extended the scope of its type 8619 which has been available only for panel installation so far. The new, separate housing version offers more flexibility in installation, for example on walls, railings or pipelines. The new variant can be supplied with a 12…36 VDC supply, as before, or alternatively with 110/230 VAC supply. With multiCELL transmitter/ controller type 8619, Bürkert offers a

complete and flexible measuring system suitable for connecting multiple sensors for the most diverse range of tasks in data logging, control and dosing. The device is perfect for numerous applications in areas as diverse as water treatment or the production of foodstuffs and pharmaceutics. The system consists of a basic device which comes with generous equipment, but whose functional range can be freely adapted and extended, as required, with hardware boards for pH/ORP, conductivity, input + output signal boards and software modules. Bürkert’s multiCELL type 8619 is now available not only in a version for panel installation but also with a housing, offering users more flexibility in the installation of the device, e.g. on walls, pipelines and railings.

Want to know more? Come and visit us at Aquatech Amsterdam 2015|Booth 02.128 www.burkert.com

www.burkert.com

ch Aquatredam Amste ember th Nov 3rd – 6 TH 02.128 BOO OK, so it still can‘t fly to the moon. But for anything that needs measuring, controlling and metering, the Bürkert multiCELL multi-channel transmitter/ controller Type 8619 is the ideal choice. Up to 6 modular signal inputs and outputs as well as options for mathematical functions or data logging adapt this universal genius individually to every application. This gives you more flexibility, expands the range of possible applications – including those that you might not even have thought of yet – and gives you precisely the support you need. Now also available for measuring chlorine and wall or pipe mounting with an operating voltage of 12..36 VDC and 110/230 VAC. The sky really is the limit!

We make ideas flow.

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PRODUCT FOCUS ULTRAVIOLET (UV) TREATMENT

SINGAPORE WASTEWATER REUSE PLANT TO USE XYLEM UV

ULTRAVIOLET TECH DESIGNED FOR HAZ GAS ENVIRONMENTS

UV RIG HELPS UNITED UTILITIES RID CRYPTO BUG

Water technology company Xylem will supply ultraviolet (UV) disinfection solutions to a major municipal water reclamation facility in Singapore, as part of a $500,000 contract. The second Changi Water Reclamation Plant will include microfiltration, reverse osmosis and Xylem’s Wedeco Spektron 2000e UV disinfection system and is an initiative of the Singapore Water Reclamation Study, also known as the NEWater Study. As a result of the extensive treatment including Xylem’s Wedeco UV disinfection solution, the city’s industrial sector and communities living in the east of the city will benefit from an additional 228,000 tons (50 million gallons) of reclaimed water per day. Currently up to 30% of Singapore’s water needs are met by reused water, with a target of 55% by 2060. www.xyleminc.com

Neptune Benson has designed and implemented a ultraviolet (UV) system for the God’s Lake First Nation Reserve in Manitoba, Canada. The installation, designed for disinfecting wastewater, presented unique challenges due to requirements that the equipment worked safely within an environment where explosive gases may occur during normal operating conditions. Corex Water Systems, the contractor building the facility, asked Neptune Benson to supply an ETS-UV system that would meet the necessary requirements and also be independently certified to perform safely. To address this, Neptune Benson’s ETS-UV design team developed Intrinsically Safe (IS) components to prevent any explosion hazard, and the complete UV system was then certified by a third party as suitable for use in a hazardous environment. www.neptunebenson.com

The first of several ultraviolet (UV) rigs, capable of killing the last remaining traces of the cryptosporidium bug will be installed in parts of Lancashire. The UV technology is being used in strategic locations across the network following a detailed analysis of how the cryptosporidium bug is working its way through the system. United Utilities said installing the rigs is one of its biggest ever engineering projects, with rigs and equipment having been sourced from across the UK and Europe. The water company hoped the rigs, alongside a flushing of the network and a storage reservoir cleaning programme, will enable it to end the boil water notice issues to customers. The notice will only be lifted following consultation across Lancashire. In the meantime, the precautionary advice to boil water remains in place. www.unitedutilities.com

ULTRAVIOLET TECHNOLOGY INACTIVATES CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AS PART OF TEXAS REUSE PROJECT To counter a stage 5 drought, Wichita Falls city officials in Texas decided to treat and purify wastewater so it could be reintroduced into the potable water supply. The city built a 13-mile pipeline from the wastewater treatment plant to the drinking water plant, installed advanced treatment equipment including membranes and reverses osmosis and began extensive testing by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) to ensure the water was meeting treatment goals. The project went online in July 2014 under a temporary emergency permit serving a population of just over 100,000 using a 50-50 blend of treated wastewater and lake water. As the temporary emergency permit timeline came to an end, the city requested an extension on the project. In order for the Direct Potable Reuse (DPR) project to be extended, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality required the installation of a UV treatment process to act as an additional barrier for Cryptosporidium inactivation. The TrojanUVSwiftECT was delivered to Wichita Falls in order to support the city and its DPR project. By February of 2015, Wichita Falls had commissioned the system, allowing the city to receive a one-year extension on its DPR project. www.trojanuv.com

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AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2015

PRODUCT FOCUS FITTINGS & CONTROLS

MULTIPLE LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM LAUNCH Aimed to fulfill a wide range of customer requirements for leak detection in double containment piping systems, GF Piping Systems has announced a new product line featuring three leak detection systems. The new offering complements the company’s double containment piping systems, which includes Fuseal Squared, PP, Contain-It and Double-See. Designed for wastewater treatment plants and buried applications, the new line includes the 918Q Alarm Box, the PAL-AT Continuous Cable System and the Low Point Leak Detection System. In the event there is a leak, these detection systems can determine where the leak is and translating that information to facility personnel in a timely manner,” said Terence Zhao, product manager of Engineered Piping Systems for GF Piping Systems. “With our three double containment piping systems, it just made sense to offer customers the convenience of buying a leak detection system when they buy one of our double containment systems.” For simple, low-cost leak detection requirements, the 918Q Alarm Box handles up to four sensor signals and features audible and visual alarm indicators. www.gfps.com

TRIPLE OFFSET VALVE OFFERS ZERO LEAKAGE

SUBMERSIBLE LEVEL TRANSMITTERS

Pentair Valves & Controls has expanded its Vanessa Triple Offset Valves (TOVs) product line with the launch of the Series 30-RS. The new manual triple offset valve has been designed to address the need for zero leakage isolation in non-critical applications in the oil and gas and process industries. The Vanessa 30-RS is specially designed for applications which require non-critical fluids isolation in lower pressure or temperature. Its safer boltedon seat allows for true positive isolation when pressure is applied from the shaft side, minimising the risk of dangerous mechanical failure compared to other bolted-seat designs. Achieving zero leakage tightness to API 598, the Vanessa Series 30-RS handles temperatures up to 350°C and pressures up to ASME class 300. http://valves.pentair.com/valves/

Cynergy3 Components’ new ranges of submersible hydrostatic transducers for depth and level measurement applications are now available from RS Components. The complete line-up comprises three ranges; the ILS series, the ILLS series and the ILTS series. The ILS series is a range of seven submersible level transmitters with depth ranges from 0-1mWG up to 0-100mWG. The ILLS series of ten transducers (five each with 4-20mA and 0.5-4.5V output versions) have a variety of standard depth ranges from 0-1mWG up to 0-10mWG. The third series is the ILTS range; similar to the ILLS series but they also measure the temperature of the liquid they are immersed in, providing an additional 4-20mA output over the range of -20 to +60°C. www.cynergy3.com

SAINT-GOBAIN TUBING PRODUCTS

The Process Systems business unit of Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics has unveiled two high-precision tubing products that are designed to help improve purity, accuracy, high-lift performance and long pump life for water sampling and analysis. Tygon SPT-60 L is a platinum-cured silicone tubing developed for accurate dosing in peristaltic pumps, offering sample integrity along with reliability and long-life performance in water sampling applications. Tygon SPT-60 L enables peristaltic pumps to have a suction capability of up to 29 feet, eliminating the need for a flooded suction and providing added flexibility during installation. Additionally, Tygon SPT-60 L is designed with chemical resistance to decrease the likelihood of leaching or absorption of chemicals. www.processsystems.saint-gobain.com

AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2015

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ADVERTISERS INDEX Advertiser

Page

Advertiser

Analytical Technology, Inc. ANDRITZ Aqua-Aerobic Systems Aquatech Amsterdam Auma Riester GmbH & Co. KG Balmoral Tanks Barthauer Software GmbH Bentley Systems Burkert Fluid Control Systems Cadar Ltd. Caprari S.P.A. Evoqua Water Technologies LLC

17 50-51 3 46 35 13 37 C3 53 39 2 33

Fibrelite Genesys International Gorman-Rupp Company Grundfos Hobas Engineering Hyflux Ltd. Lama Filtration Systems LG NANOh20 Merck Millipore Microdyn Myron L Company Netzsch Mohnopumpen GmbH

Page 29 45 15 5 42 C2, 49 12 26-27 9 43 8 18

Advertiser

Page

Phoenix Process Equipment Co.

Plast-O-Matic Valves, Inc.

Proco Products, Inc.

Reed Manufacturing Co.

Shimadzu Europa GmbH

Siemens AG

Solinst Canada Ltd.

Tank Connection

Toray Membrane Europe AG

Zoeller Waste Systems

CALENDAR OF EVENTS

A selection of events related to the water and wastewater industry in 2015 can be found here. For a full list, visit: www.wwinternational.com and click on the Events tab at the top of the page. September 03-05, 2015 Istanbul Water Expo Istanbul, Turkey www.istanbulwaterexpo.com

October 4-6, 2015 POWER-Gen Middle East Abu Dhabi, UAE http://www.powergenmiddleeast.com

September 15-18, 2015 IFAT Environmetnal Technology Forum Africa Johannesburg, South Africa www.ifatforum-africa.com

October 18-22, 2015 Water and Development Congress & Exhibition Jordan http://www.iwa-network.org/WDCE2015/

September 26, 2015 WEFTEC 2015 Chicago, IL www.weftec.org

November 3-5, 2015 Aquatech Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands http://www.aquatechtrade.com

September 26-27, 2015 Water Reuse Conference Nice, France http://idadesal.org/water-reuse-conference/

November 3-6, 2015 The Year in Infrastructure 2015 Conference London, UK http://bit.ly/1RceeID November 18-21, 2015 IDW2015 Jeju, Korea http://desalist.gdrc.or.kr/main/

CENTRIFUGES BELT PRESSES FILTER PRESSES PORTABLE SYSTEMS

FREE LAB TESTING POLYMERS SPARE PARTS FACTORY START-UP

December 8-10, 2015 POWER-GEN 2015 Las Vegas, Nevada www.power-gen.com December 15-17, 2015 NGWA Groundwater Expo Las Vegas, Nevada http://groundwaterexpo.com/

Process Equipment Company www.dewater.com (502)499-6198 phoenix@dewater.com

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AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2015

February 1-4, 2016 AWWA/AMTA 2016 Membrane Conference & Exposition San Antonio, Texas, US www.amtaorg.com/awwaamta-membrane-technologyconference-exposition May 22-26 2016 Desalination for the Environment, Clean Water and Energy Rome, Italy http://www.edsoc.com/ May 30-June 2016 IFAT Munich, Germany http://www.ifat.de/en May 31-June 3 2016 CaribDA 2016 Biennial Conference & Exposition Trinidad http://www.caribda.com/calendar July 10-14 2016 Singapore International Water Week (SIWW) Singapore www.siww.com.sg October 9-13 2016 IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition Brisbane, Australia www.iwa-network.org November 6-9 2016 Membranes in Drinking and Industrial Water Production. Leeuwarden, The Netherlands http://www.edsoc.com/

Can You Afford to Leave Water Leakage Undetected?

Identify Potential Leaks and Prioritize Repairs with Bentley Software Even in well-run water utilities in OECD countries, leakage accounts for 10-30% of water loss; in developing countries it often exceeds 40%.* Bentley’s solution helps utilities more effectively manage leakage by offering software that addresses the four basic methods of managing real losses as developed and promoted by the International Water Association’s Water Loss Task Force: active leakage control, pressure management, speed and quality of repairs, and pipeline and asset management.

To learn more, visit: www.bentley.com/ReduceLeakage *Source: OECD Observer No. 270/271 © 2015 Bentley Systems, Incorporated. Bentley and the “B” Bentley logo are either registered or unregistered trademarks or service marks of Bentley Systems, Incorporated or one of its direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries. Other brands and product names are trademarks of their respective owners.

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