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Active Power Management of MultiHybrid Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor Power Conversion System in a Medium Voltage Microgrid ABSTRACT: This paper proposes a hierarchical active power management strategy for a medium voltage (MV) islanded microgrid including a multihybrid power conversion system (MHPCS). To guarantee excellent power management, a modular power conversion system is realized by parallel connection of small MHPCS units. The hybrid system includes fuel cells (FC) as main and supercapacitors (SC) as complementary power sources. The SC energy storage compensates the slow transient response of the FC stack and supports the FC to meet the grid power demand. The proposed control strategy of the MHPCS comprises three control loops; dc-link voltage controller, power management controller, and load current sharing controller. Each distributed generation (DG) unit uses an adaptive proportional resonance (PR) controller for regulating the load voltage, and a droop control strategy for average power sharing among the DG units. The performance of the proposed control strategy is verified by using digital time-domain simulation studies in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment.
KEYWORDS: 1. Fuel cell (FC) 2.
Multihybrid power conversion system (MHPCS)
3.
MV microgrid
4.
Supercapacitor (SC)
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Fig. 1. (a) MV microgrid consisting of two DG units. (b) Proposed structure of hybrid FC/SC power conversion system.
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0-9347143789/9949240245 CONTROL SYSTEM:
Fig. 2. Proposed structure of the hybrid FC/SC power source.
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0-9347143789/9949240245 EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS:
Fig. 3. Balanced load changes in feeders F3 and F1. (a) Instantaneous real and (b) instantaneous reactive powers of the feeders.
Fig. 4. Instantaneous voltages at the DG unit terminals during balanced load changes in feeder F1, (a) DG1 and (b) DG2 .
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Fig. 5. Frequency of islanded microgrid during balanced load changes.
Fig. 6. Dynamic response of the DG units to balanced load changes: (a) real power, and (b) reactive power components.
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Fig. 7. Dynamic response of DG1 units to balanced load changes: (a) FC stack and SC module power of first hybrid unit; (b) FC stack and SC module power of second hybrid unit; and (c) dc-link voltage.
Fig. 8. Unbalanced load change in feeder F1. (a) Instantaneous real and (b) instantaneous reactive powers of the feeders.
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Fig. 9. Dynamic response of the DG units to unbalanced load change with conventional PR controller: (a) real power, and (b) reactive power components
Fig. 10. Dynamic response of the DG units to unbalanced load change with adaptive PR controller: (a) real, and (b) reactive power.
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Fig. 11. Dynamic response of DG1 units to unbalanced load change: (a) FC stack and SC module power of first hybrid unit; (b) FC stack and SC module power of second hybrid unit; and (c) dc-link voltage.
CONCLUSION: This paper presents a hierarchical active power management strategy for a MV islanded microgrid considering the MHPCS. The proposed strategy includes power management of the FC/SC hybrid system, current sharing among the MHPCS components, voltage control of the acside, and power sharing among the DG units. The SC energy storage compensates the slow transient response of the FC stack. An adaptive PR controller and a droop controller are, respectively, used to effectively regulate the load voltage and to share the average power among the DG units. The performance of the proposed control strategy in both balanced and unbalanced
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0-9347143789/9949240245 load switching is investigated using PSCAD/EMTDC software. The results show that the proposed strategy: • enhances the dynamic response of the microgrid in fast transients; • accurately shares the load current among the FC/SC hybrid units; • robustly regulates voltage and frequency of the microgrid; • is able to share the average power among theDGunits even under unbalanced conditions; • effectively eliminates the low frequency transient of power components; and • locally compensates the unbalanced loads.
REFERENCES: [1] N. Hatziargyriou, H. Asano, R. Iravani, and C. Marnay, “Microgrids,” IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 5, pp. 78–94, Jul.–Aug. 2007. [2] A. G. Madureira and J. A. P. Lopes, “Coordinated voltage support in distribution networks with distributed generation and microgrids,” IET Renew. Power Gener., vol. 3, pp. 439–454, Sep. 2009. [3] Z. Jiang and R. Dougal, “A hybrid fuel cell power supply with rapid dynamic response and high peak-power capacity,” in Proc. IEEE APEC, 2006, pp. 1250–1255. [4] H. Nikkhajoei and R. Lasseter, “Distributed generation interface to the certs microgrid,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 24, pp. 1598–1608, Jul. 2009. [5] M. Zandi, A. Payman, J.Martin, S. Pierfederici, B.Davat, and F. Meibody- Tabar, “Energy management of a fuel cell/supercapacitor/battery power source for electric vehicular applications,” IEEE Trans. Veh.Technol., vol. 60, pp. 433–443, Feb. 2011.
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