Allensworth University: The Erik Moore Center of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

THE ERIK MOORE CENTER OF INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP ALLENSWORTH UNIVERSITY, SAN PEDRO, CALIFORNIA ASHLEY PANG | STACEY WHITE STUDIO | WINTER - SPRING 2021

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thank you to my family, for supporting me from 2,445 miles across the ocean. You always made me laugh when I really needed it.

To my roommates, thank you for bearing with the temporary messes I created when I converted our living room into studio space.

I would also like to extend my gratitude to my project partner Parkhi Agarwal, studio professor Stacey White, ARCE professor Mario Esola, Revit expert/ tutor Alyson Liang, and firm partners ZGF Architects.

Studio Future University

Cal Poly SLO Reviewers

Design Collaborators

Studio Sponsor

Stacey White Ashley Pang Gina Trank Hannah Cho Marco Di Piazza Tommy Stankiewicz Ryan Lew Brandon Baer Caelen Parsons Isabella Schenone Kelli Maroney Sarah Holt Shao Kao Troy Nyugen Radeen Shemirani Kate Suggs Hayley Kim Sandra Perez Liam Herman Gorden Kung

Emily Chung Rose Hillebrandt Joel Foster Sandy Stannard Andrew Goodwin Mark Cabrinha Humberto Norman Bryan Shields Jermaine Washington Brad Grant Alyson Liang Dara Lin Julietta Moreno

Lake|Flato: Sam Rusek, Ryan Yaden, Chris Young

Mode Associates

LPA Design: Casey Chopin, Silke Frank, Ozzie Tapia Taylor Design: Kevin Henrichs, Rachel Hole, Mandi Rice, Marcus Simmons ZGF Architects: Dylan Corr, Samantha Lee, Olivia Lu-Hill, Binh Nyugen, Susan Oehme, Jesung Park

TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 | INTRODUCTION 02 | PROBLEM DESCRIPTION 03 | SITE UNDERSTANDING 04 | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN 05 | THE PROJECT 06 | IN REFLECTION 07 | BIBBLIOGRAPHY 08 | APPENDICES

01 | INTRODUCTION The Cal Poly Citizen Architects Studio committed 24 weeks of rigorous research, planning, and design to the development of Allensworth University, a Contemporary Black College proposed in the State of California. The project included a campus master plan for the proposed location in San Pedro, California centered on providing a safe and collaborative learning environment for higher education for students of color. The Allensworth University includes ten unique university building proposals, fine-tuned for their specific functions. Designed by the partners at Citizen Architects, each building has a distinctive architectural approach to the future of learning, while tackling issues of discrimination and injustice in and beyond Allensworth’s campus.

ALLENSWORTH DESIGN PROCESS AND PROJECT PHASES SCOPING THE PROBLEM AND CONSIDERING SOLUTIONS

We engaged in 3 weeks of focused research on the issues of systemic racism, inequitable access to education, and the spatial implications of equality. We proposed solutions by engaging in master planning for a Black University. Various phases of research intersected and begun to form a comprehensive scope of the physical and ideological context. Research and problem solving was largely collaborative.

Selected readings and articles were reviewed by all students to serve as a basis of knowledge when facing the prompt of designing California’s first Contemporary BCU. The phases of research into the related issues included the study of general campus planning practices, statistical analysis of current issues, and master plan precedents. The development of possible solutions included creating informed “How Might We” statements, insight statements, location-based asset mapping, and campus site selection consideration.

PRELIMINARY CAMPUS AND BUILDING DESIGNS

In groups of five, we scoured the whole of California for the best site for this project. We looked to maximize the population served and searched for a community that would best support the university. We narrowed our scope to places where a large campus could operate at net zero energy and net zero water, and finally we scoured for a location that could be reappropriated for a higher purpose than its present use. These efforts lead us to select the Los Angeles Port area.

A large brainstorming session led each student to focus on a single catalytic program to develop in support of the overall campus proposals. Programmatic makeup was selected based on their ability to impact change in those areas that could positively impact change and support black student and community success. Programs ranged from campus wide student amenities, like a health and wellness center, to college specific educational buildings, like a journalism school. In groups of five students, we designed land use focused master plans located on Terminal Island and integrated each of the twenty student buildings into the campus. We developed these buildings through schematic design, evaluating program and social needs, acquiring and implementing climate data, and developing a material and light language.

JOINT VENTURE, CAMPUS CONVERGENCE AND CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

After a review on our group master plans and individual building schematic design proposals, we began a joint venture with another student in our studio. We teamed up based on like program and similar passions, so that together we might create a more comprehensive and effective addition to the campus.

As a result of review critiques at the conclusion of the conceptual design phase, the group determined that relocating the campus across the channel to the community of San Pedro to the west of Terminal Island. This new campus location provides much improved interaction with the existing community, better connectivity, for multimodal existing and proposed transportation routes, and gave the campus room to grow. As a class we proceeded to lay out a single master plan and place our joint venture projects within that plan.

Our teams of two focused in on the schematic design of our new projects. Form finding, program specification, test fits, and adjacency studies all occurred at this stage and informed the design of our projects. A primary tool and deliverable of this process was the integrated whole building section.

The quarter ended with the review of this new master plan and the the proposed projects which included the following projects: • • • • • • • • • •

School of Journalism and Representation School of Education Performing Arts Center Marine Science Institute Desalination Plant and Research Center Center for Entrepreneurship Center for Engineering and Innovation Center for Activism Health and Wellness Center Community Resource Center

BASIS OF DESIGN AND SCHEMATIC REDESIGN

Spring quarter began with a moment of reflection and a reevaluation of the schematic design proposals from the end of winter quarter. This was achieved by taking a week to focus specifically on the use of daylight in buildings of all types. A series of speakers from firms across the globe spoke to the entire 3rd Year Class, including Adjaye and Associates, ARUP, LMN, BNIM, Leers Weinzapfel, Arkin Tilt, and Callison RTKL. These speakers gave presentations on projects across the world as well as providing hands on workshops to integrate relevant design strategies and tools into our project. This was followed by time to document each project’s Basis of Design, such that the aspirational visions for each project were grounded in a solid pragmatic foundation. With these efforts complete, and with reviewers’ critiques in mind, each pair set out towards schematic rebirth. Many groups adjusted programs to better serve the users of the building, shifted building organization strategies, or re-developed building form to solve pressing contextual issues. These preliminary redesigns were then detailed to match the level of the end of quarter solution so that the project could move into design development. Teams received a review of these new solutions from project partners and peers and a direction to head moving forward.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Design development began in earnest with simultaneous development of a detailed wall section together with the development of the ground plane (represented with a detailed site plan) Site design proposals were redesigned to support building function, campus experience, and facilitate social connections between students, staff/faculty, and the community. Interactions between partner groups was consistent but became particularly important during this stage. Next, each team dove into the world of cladding and materiality. Teams explored a variety of possible solutions through the development of detailed wall sections, elevations, and axonometric diagrams across multiple facades. Performance, aesthetic relevance, and durability in marine environments were prominent factors in our search for cladding systems that will last. Each team began to further develop the finer details of their project to be able to improve project performance, experience, and responsiveness to context.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of creating a Center for Innovation is to provide BCU students with. a place dedicated to facilitating change in whatever fields they desire and preparing young black students for life after university. By promoting the integration of business acumen and applied engineering, the center encourages collaboration across disciplines and majors by allowing different types of spaces where students and faculty can share their knowledge in a variety of ways. By creating spaces for collaboration and mentorship, we can start to go beyond justice and equity and foster liberation. The community will be uplifted through the empowerment of black young people through the technological resources and career support that the center for innovation will provide. Having a dedicated space separate from other college buildings makes this center a unique destination for the BCU’s community to innovate, develop and execute outside of the singular focus of their respective academic concentrations. Our hope is that the center for innovation will be a model of transformation and a beginning to a greater representation in higher education fields such as engineering, as well as greater presence in black-owned businesses.

02 | PROBLEM DESCRIPTION

HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES During the decades of Slavery in America, Slaves were physically abused, tortured and kept under forced ignorance. Suppression by predominantly white slave owners suppressed African slaves to remain ignorant. To the slave owner, education was the most dangerous tool and to the slave, the schoolhouse was considered a paradise. Following the civil war, 80 colleges in the South opened, allowing freed African American slaves to attend, the first and oldest HBCU, Cheyney, being established in 1837. Between the years of 1866 and 1872, 2,000 African Americans and teachers were killed for the perceived threat of education, along with many schools being burned down. This was followed by the founding of Hampton University by Sam Chapman Armstrong, who would later have Booker T Washington, ultimately become the head of the Tuskegee institute. Both figures established a philosophy of working from the ground up, having their respective universities offer industrial arts which would teach African Americans subservient work.

However, W.E.B Du Bois, a philosopher and sociologist, called for a better education, one that demanded diversity and equity, and one that granted the independence and freedom the black community deserved. After the Great War (the World War I between 1914-1918), African Americans who served, came back to a continued fight for the rights within the education system within their BCU system. Protests began to emerge with the continued proliferation of Du Bois’ speaking, and BCU’s soon became led by the black population, for the black population. HBCUs stand as a special place for members of the black community: a place of rest from a heavily segregated society. One of the most well-known HBCU is Howard University, which was developed to be a Harvardized BCU, and played a significant role in the fight for equality within Brown vs the Board of Education case. Today, there are 107 HBCUs located in the United States, and increased competition has decreased the enrollment of students within individual colleges.

HIGHER EDUCATION Although throughout the years there has been an increase in the number of admissions of students of color in colleges /universities there are not enough attending, with African American students having the least amount of attendees, in comparison to white students. There are several contributing factors for that some being a larger scale, such as racial discrimination and high incarceration rates, while others are at a more local scale: area population, transportation accessibility, and poverty. Whatever the case may be, not enough African Americans students are being able to receive an opportunity for higher education.

CONTEXTUAL ISSUES POPULATION

California is by far the most populous state in the nation. The percent of people with a bachelor’s degree over the age of 25 is 21.9%, just behind the national average of 33.13%. California counties with the highest participation in post-secondary education are generally the most populous counties. These graphics reveal that the highest percentages of participation in post-secondary education surround the bay area and Los Angeles.

Percent of 15-24 Year Olds Enrolled in Post Secondary Education by County

18%

Population of College Students by State

93%

Participation Rate of College Students by State

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DEMOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION

According to the 2019 US Census Bureau estimates, Los Angeles County’s population was 8.1% Black or African American (811,176 people). In San Pedro, there were roughly 6.1% Black or African Americans in the city (4,906 people). In Long Beach, San Pedro’s neighbor city, there were 12.7% (58,753 people), considering to be the second largest city in California that represents African American population.

K12 INVESTMENT

Higher education is an important investment to make in one’s future, but K12 education needs to be attended to first. Students cannot attend college and obtain degrees without first completing their K12 education. California K12 schools, which tend to be on the higher end of graduation rates compared to other states, still have much variation in graduation rates based on location and ethnicity.

Counties along the coast tend to have the highest K12 graduation rates, while those along the CA – NV border tend to have the lowest.

With regards to ethnicity, higher graduation rates can be seen among ethnicities with the largest populations, such as for Hispanics or Latinos in Southern California and for Whites in Northern and Northeastern California.

ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION

The current access to higher education in the South Bay of LA is primarily represented by the CSU Dominguez Hills and CSU Long Beach. However, only 13.4% and 4% of the total population from the two campuses represent black populations, respectively. Moreover, the academic sector of CSUDH does not provide enough well-versed programs in STEM majors, and the location of CSULB is situated in an area where white population is more prevalent. These factors have unfortunately created a dilemma where black students may find it difficult to belong or have a chance to excel in technical fields that are highly demanding.

POVERTY

Poverty is a big issue amongst many communities. According to official statistics, 13.3% of Californians lacked basic resources. This becomes a barrier for opportunity in students that grow up under these circumstances. Therefore, areas with higher poverty rates should have easier access to education and other opportunities than other areas.

AIR QUALITY

Part of community health is dependent on air quality, which is affected by vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and particulates like smoke, dust, or aerosols. When looking at California counties’ median AQI, northern counties tended to have better air quality.

INSOLATION AND WATER AVAILABILITY

Resource availability is a major factor in the desirability of a campus’ site. Geography can affect rainfall, temperature, availability of solar energy and wind.

CLIMATIC DESIRABILITY

When all factors are considered, Los Angeles County has one of the highest habitability ratings of the state with mild climate for most of the year and decent rainfall from the Pacific Ocean.

SITE SELECTION Evaluating the research from Contextual Issues narrowed down the possible proposed location to sites in San Joaquin, Contra Costa, Tulare, and Los Angeles counties. Primary factors in selecting the site focused on population breakdown of 15-24 year olds, racial identity of the current population, and climatic desirability. Los Angeles County was selected for its climate and for having the highest population of African Americans in the state. Two sites were proposed within the county: the old LA zoo at Griffith Park and repurposing of the Terminal Island Federal Prison. Taking land from places associated with incarceration and repurposing it for a university reallocates money and infrastructure for public education and community welfare.

The studio chose Terminal Island due to the water-front location, relative security, and the associated views. Initial studies looked at site specific conditions, opportunities to re-use existing facilities, and resiliency. After creating a preliminary masterplan on the peninsula of Terminal Island, it was decided to move across the bay due to reconsideration of single inlet/outlet connection to the surrounding San Pedro community, predicted rising sea levels over the next 30+ years, and the associated disturbances of being adjacent to an industrial shipping container storage area. The final location on the existing 22nd Street Park provided improved access to a robust existing community in transition in San Pedro and other area future developments of the San Pedro Public Market, Alta sea Campus, the technology/innovation mixed-use zone located to the south of the selected site, and the expansion of metro lines to the end of 22nd St. The project will also transition Terminal Island Correctional Facility, return the land to the historic Japanese fishing village memorial, and transform the lower peninsula into a large public park with fields, an outdoor venue and other greenspace for the community.

Matrix evaluating potential counties for the BCU.

03 | SITE UNDERSTANDING

CONTEXTUAL UNDERSTANDING The Port of Los Angeles is the busiest port in the United States, the Port is inclusive of Wilmington, Terminal Island, and San Pedro. San Pedro specifically has just under 90,000 people and is a mix of residential, commercial, education, and recreational facilities.

The proposed campus site is the current home to the 22nd Street Park. With the phased development of Allensworth University, the park will be relocated to Terminal Island, which will include play fields, an outdoor concert venue, and a pedestrian and bike bridge connecting to the new location.

HISTORY LA is a city of firsts, driven by the diversity which led the city’s founding and development. Los Angeles’s history is extensive, and its lasting scars from the Jim crow era are being fought today. Yet, this brief history may allow some insight into the city’s nature.

Forty-four original settlers (The pobladores) founded LA, 26 of African descent, 16 of native American and Spanish blood, and two being Caucasian. From these beginnings, LA county has had many milestone moments. Biddy Mason became the first African American woman to own land and made the first African American church and community (The Brick Block), Frank Blackburn established the first black business, and the first African American police officers were hired. During the late 1800s, the black community continued to increase, and their population dispersed and expanded into several enclaves. As a result, during the early 1900s, there was the introduction of the first all-black school (51st street), where the first black teacher, Bessy Brewington Burke, was hired. The center of black culture within the city was then manifested in 1915, located on central avenue, which would soon house the LA Jazz scene. The center soon housed 40% of the population and continued to expand south during the early 1900s, where LA soon had the highest black urban population at the time. However, with the appearance of films such as birth of a nation and anti-black sentiments, the expansion of African American communities ceased. Zoning laws prohibiting black ownership took place in 1918, neighborhoods began to segregate, and institutions began to divide their property by use. The proliferation of Jazz and media remained, and the black community’s collaboration strengthened due to its increased necessity. Black citizens began to create resources to support one another. The California Eagle became their news source, The LA forum became a site of discourse, the Greenbook guided members to certain establishments, and the first NAACP Branch accumulated 75 black businesses thus far. The most well-known establishment, at the time, was the development of the Hotel Somerville, which would soon be called the Dunbar Hotel, in honor of Paul Laurence Dunbar. The Dunbar soon became the Ritz-Carlton hotel of the black community where great African American poets, jazz artists, actors, and influencers would gather. Soon after, during the 1940s, LA housed the largest Black population in the West (63,744) which soon added tens of thousands with the 2nd great migration during the Second World War due to the desegregation of the workforce through law and not practice. The migration created a large cluster of habitats in both little Tokyo and bronze Ville, and the packed conditions created severe poverty for those living in the non-white enclaves. After several protests during the mid-20th century, LA Soon began to accommodate black residents by opening health facilities and developing better quality housing. In 1973, we would finally see Tom Bradley elected as mayor of Los Angeles, LA’s first African American Mayor and longest-serving mayor in the Cities history. Henceforth there was an expansion of the black population, which led to African Americans moving outside Los Angeles.

Today, LA still stands as having the highest black populace in California, many of the landmarks and epicenters of their past being renamed and maintained. The enclaves that once existed still faintly stand, but the legislation which kept African Americans bound was expunged. LA now stands as a diversified metropolis that stands at the forefront of entertainment, tourism, technology, and manufacturing, among many other things. From the remnants of their jazz boom, the arts have remained emphasized. Though poor air quality, increased pricing, and development of the city stand as recurring issues, the area stands as a landmark of a black community that continues to thrive under a system that historically underserved them.

COMMUNITY CONNECTIVITY The community of San Pedro is rapidly growing and changing as the area urbanizes and shifts away from its traditional fishing village and shipping economy. In order to honor this, the proposed BCU has focused on the following elements when considering campus layout and organization in order to best serve the community.

ALTA SEA The Alta Sea campus is a new Marine Institute and dock space by Gensler architects located just south of the proposed BCU. The campus’ focus on marine life and safety ties in well with the BCU’s own Desalination and Marine Science buildings, which are situated next to the Alta Sea campus. Because Alta Sea draws in significant crowds from the local area, ease of access has been considered in the placement of our own university’s buildings.

SAN PEDRO PUBLIC MARKET In addition to the Alta Sea campus, LA county plans to further develop their waterfront acreage with the San Pedro Public Market. Replacing the old seaside village promenade “Ports O’ Call”, the public market will breathe new life into the surrounding community with a food hall featuring local vendors, offices, an outdoor garden, and playground and recreation areas. The market will also feature water taxis and cruises to transport visitors from the waterfront development to San Pedro’s historical district.

TRANSPORTATION As San Pedro’s waterfront develops, the demand for public transportation grows. In order to satisfy the needs of San Pedro residents, the city’s metro line has proposed a new metro extension that reaches into the harbor area while also aligning with the city’s green transition goals. With new metro lines proposed to enter further into the Harbor Subdivision Transit Corridor, San Pedro will be effectively connected to greater west LA county and LAX. In addition to the proposed metro lines, San Pedro also has the DASH bus line, which runs parallel to the north end of the proposed BCU campus. Because of this proximity, implementation of new university bus stops can be achieved with ease.

July 02, 2015. (n.d.). Spotlight on Proposed Transit Corridors in South LA: The Harbor Subdivision. Move LA. https://www.movela.org/spotlight.

ECOSYSTEM UNDERSTANDING The area of our original site was suspect to water level rise in the future. These conditions pushed our site inland away from the edges of the port. The climatic conditions are moderate with main sun from the South. The prevailing wind blows from the Southeast during the warmer months. Because our site is located near an edge condition, there are significant topography differences where the land meets the ocean.

04 | CAMPUS MASTERPLAN

CAMPUS DESCRIPTION Located in the City of San Pedro, in Los Angeles County, Allensworth University is the first Contemporary Black College and University to be funded, and only the second Black College in the State of California. The University will be primarily undergraduate with a focus on academic areas that are catalytic in addressing systemic racism in the United States. Allensworth University is a place that will empower the black community, become a model for systemic change, and aid in the development of prolific problem solvers.

The University will ultimately become home to 10,000 students and 2,000 faculty and staff to support their academic journey and inevitable success.

CAMPUS FUNDING AND PHASING In the State of California, the allocation of resources from the Morrill Act of 1862 were used to establish the University of California (UC) in 1868, In 1915 Assemblyman F. C. Scott introduced Assembly Bill 299 to establish the Allensworth Polytechnic Institute. The purpose of the bill was to create a college that would educate African Americans in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The bill was never adopted, and the school was never established. The State of California recognizes that this inequitable approach to funding higher education has disproportionately negatively impacted people of color and intends to fund the campus as part of a state reparations act in 2022.

WHY A BCU? In 2011 HBCUs conferred one-fourth of the bachelor’s degrees to African Americans in education. HBCUs also make up 21 of the top 50 institutions educating African Americans who go on to receive a doctorate in science or engineering. Despite only making up 3% of colleges and universities HBCUs produce 27% of African American students with bachelor’s degrees in STEM fields (13). In addition, 40% of African Americans in U.S. Congress graduated from an HBCU. As well as 50% of African American lawyers and 80% of African American judges (14).

CAMPUS PLANNING BEST PRACTICES As design development goes underway, it’s important for each building of Allensworth University, as well as the campus as a whole, to move forward with specific practices and guiding principles that will create a more supportive, healthy and positive environment.

These principles take into account factors from all aspects of student and faculty life, including social interactions and student oncampus opportunities, outreach elements to establish strong relationships with the surrounding community, sustainability and ecofriendly design awareness, understanding of context and history of the site on all levels, the development and/or protection of a strong university identity that supports both the university community as well as each unique individual. Hence, it becomes important to think about how the plan drives connections not just between various campus facilities but also forms a relationship with the existing context as well. With these set of principles kept in mind, we hope to use them as guides for a more cohesive and impactful campus master plan for Allensworth University.

CAMPUS COMPARATIVES The campus design development of Allensworth University is aided by the precedents of past and existing universities, and most especially by the campus masterplans of HBCU’s. Below are a series of Figure-Ground Nolli maps created by ASG Architects, which compare various campus design strategies through analyzing building masses, exterior spaces and paths of travel in order to better grasp the major campus elements that help create a positive layout of facilities in a campus masterplan. They are specifically Nolli maps of campus close to the 10,000-student sizing of Allensworth University. Some campuses that were particularly helpful in this medium were Howards University, Boston University, and Texas Christian University.

Nolli Maps from ASG Architects, https://asg-architects.com/ideas/comparing-campuses/

SUMMARY OF FUNCTIONS The campus can be broken up into two main categories: instructional space and non-instructional and institutional support. Instructional space is further divided by specific college, with some space dedicated for interdisciplinary learning.18 acres are provided for instructional space, and the remaining 51 acres are used for the other campus-related functions. In total, there are 63 buildings on campus:

LAND USE AND 3D MODEL: ACADEMIC NEIGHBBORHOODS The campus follows the Stanford model of campus planning by creating separated nodes for Academic neighborhoods, housing, student life, and the technology innovation hub. At the Northern-most main entrance to the campus, closest to the proposed transportation hub lies the College of Arts and Humanities closely followed by the Commons to the south. Both are located strategically to incorporate community outreach and draw them in from the transit hub. Along the Miner St, the main road that circulates vehicles through the campus and to the South of the commons and at a central location is the College of Healthcare professions. The College of Science and Mathematics is placed at the Southern intersection between Miner St and E 22nd St for its proximity to the Technology Innovation Hub and the Alta Sea Campus to encourage collaboration. On the Southeastern coastline edge of the campus, lies the plant and a desalination facility. Also along the Northern-most edge of campus is the College of Education and Behavioral and Social Sciences closer to the residential area surrounding the campus.

Across from the College of Science and Mathematics bordering the same intersection lies the College of Engineering and Computer Science to encourage its collaboration with the field of science and the Innovation Hub. To the West along 22nd St which borders the campus on the South is the College of Business and Economics, forming a node for student activism. At the Southwest border of the campus lies the student wellness and recreation centers as well as the community outreach center to draw the public in from the Western edge of campus. Two housing nodes are central to the campus, and throughout the campus lie high speed bike paths and pedestrian path networks. The main roads surrounding the campus remain intact.

HOW MIGHT WE GOALS “How might we” are statements that each partnership asks in regard to their project that help them better answer the challenges they found in designing their building and the master plan. It’s a result of breaking down the issues into components that are easier to tackle. These statements are neither too specific or broad but it is narrow enough to give a direction to a possible solution but general to have freedom in the answer.

•

How might we balance the connection of a college campus to its surrounding community while maintaining security?

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How might we repurpose devalued land to serve the future commnity?

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How might we reconcile visible aesthetics and the human experience in design?

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How might we design spaces on a college campus while acknowledging a shared culture to foster a protective and liberative environment?

The Erik Moore Center of Innovation and Entrepreneurship:

How might we design spaces that bring students of different disciplines together to solve applied engineering problems collaboratively?

How might we design spaces that foster innovation among students of a BCU through business management and applied engineering?

How might we make an innovation center that liberates and empowers young black students to become top engineers and entrepreneurs?

05 | THE PROJECT

PROJECT PURPOSE The purpose of creating the Center of Innovation and Entrepreneurship is to provide BCU students with a place dedicated to facilitating change in whatever fields they desire and preparing young black students for life after university. By promoting the integration of business acumen and applied engineering, the center encourages collaboration across disciplines and majors. Having a dedicated space to realize ideas and market them makes this center a unique destination for the BCU’s community as a space to innovate, develop, and execute outside the singular focus of their respective academic concentration. By creating space for collaboration and mentorship, we can go beyond justice and equity and foster liberation. The community will be uplifted through the empowerment of young people of color through the technological resources and career support that the center for innovation will provide. Our hope is that the center for innovation will be a model of transformation and a beginning to a greater representation in higher education fields such as engineering, as well as a greater presence in black owned businesses.

Concept Sketch

FORM DIAGRAM

BASE MODEL

SPLIT INTO DISCIPLINES

+ VERTICAL CORES TERRACE BALCONIES

SCULPT BRIDGES OF “PAUSE”

DONOR HONOREE - ERIK MOORE Erik Moore formed Baseline Ventures from a love for investing in trailblazing tech start-ups. During the past 12-years, Erik has invested in almost two dozen trailblazing start-ups. He’s always believed in the powerful magic of human potential. Erik was a seed investor in Zappos.com which was sold to Amazon for $1.2b and Agencourt Biosciences which was sold to Beckman Coulter for $270mm. “We founded Base Ventures to turn access into opportunity for investors, founders and the next disruptive idea.” Erik is deeply involved in his community. He currently serves as a Board Member for the East Bay College Fund whose mission is to help resilient youth from Oakland, historically underrepresented in higher education, go to college and expand their life opportunities. He has served on the board of Morrisania West, an organization dedicated to at risk children in the Western Addition, SF. Erik was also a Board Member for Oakland’s OK (Our Kids) program which facilitated a partnership between the police, schools, and the community to help prevent kids from entering the juvenile system.

Primary Organization: Base Ventures Role: Founder & Managing Director Education: Dartmouth College (Bachelor’s), Wharton School UPenn (Master’s) Other Roles: Angel Investing Locations active: Silicon Valley, LA, Berkeley, Oakland

Featured in publications such as the WSJ and USA Today, Erik is now regularly referred to as one of the most prominent African Americans in technology.

In 2013, Business Insider named him one of the ten most influential black investors in Silicon Valley. In 2016, he was recognized with the Next Generation of Excellence Achievement Award by the Silicon Valley Black Chamber of Commerce. In 2017, he received the Entrepreneur of the Year Award from The Oakland African American Chamber of Commerce, Wharton’s Trailblazer Award for his achievements in venture capital, and was named a Ford Man of Courage.

The CIE can benefit tremendously from the support provided by Erik Moore, and Base Ventures can assist the vision of this facility in bringing students a platform where they can showcase and get support in being able to execute their ideas and innovations. The CIE has the opportunity to host regular events in the presentation, conference and seminar spaces where students and sponsors can meet and take ideas forward. Taking Erik Moore’s philosophy of lifting up underrepresented youth, the CIE has an opportunity to be a place of mentorship: from professionals to college students, from college students to high schoolers.

In the Long Beach Unified School District alone, there are almost 10,000 African American high schoolers. The CIE has the potential to reach out to high schoolers who may be inspired to enter fields of buisiness or engineering in the future.

PROJECT PROGRAM When deciding which university to attend, Andra was attracted to the San Pedro BCU because of her experience visiting campus. The campus felt like a home away from home where she could live and learn amongst others who shared a common culture and background as her. She valued the sense of community the BCU provided, as well as the opportunity to obtain a world-class education. The BCU offered access to numerous resources that would set her up for her future career, which she realized was even more important for her as a female BIPOC student. One of the resources on campus included the Center of Innovation and Entrepreneurship (CIE), which was known for setting students up for success by equipping them with professional development skills and technological sensibilities, a great bridge between learning through college education and applied problem-solving to students would eventually face in the working world. Through the resources at the CIE, students had to opportunity to realize their full potential through interdisciplinary learning within the community.

Taylor is nursing student who aspires to become a scrub nurse. In one of her labs, her professor, also a practicing surgeon, noted that he wished there was a better imaging instrument for operating on tumors. Taylor’s curiosity piqued and she remembered that she had heard about a course offered on campus in the CIE that grouped people of different majors to solve all types of engineering problems, so she asked her friend Louis, an engineering student, to take the class with her the following quarter.

On the first day of class, Taylor and Louis walked into the CIE and were amazed by the sheer amount of information pinned up on the mobile boards in the casual outdoor collaboration area and walls of the Prototyping Makerspace. Their faculty advisor took their cohort on a tour through the building, starting in the Makerspace, workspaces of students to iterated their innovative designs, meandering through the collaboration spaces, then going to the Gallery/Inspolab, a curated collection of former students’ works and innovations, and the application labs. Across the courtyard, the business/entrepreneurship side featured conference rooms for business meetings with potential buyer or investors, a seminar room for featured guest speakers, and mentorship spaces: faculty offices, and spaces to network with current professionals. In honor of the building donor honoree, Erik Moore, angel investor, Base Ventures founder and Managing Director, and one of the most recognized entrepreneurs of color in Silicon Valley, the Erik Moore Youth Outreach Center provides an opportunity for historically underrepresented high school students of color in the Long Beach Unified School District to gain exposure to the tech industry and an opportunity for BCU students to share their experiences and learning with the next generation. In the interstitial space between the two half-buildings, the courtyard acts as an activating space for students to interact with comers from the tech mixed-use district.

Thrown into the chaos of ideation and iteration, the first two steps of unleashing their creativity, Taylor and Louis felt excited about the possibilities to forge their own paths and stimulated at the change they could bring to the world. Later in the year, they would be paired with business students to patent and market their product to hospitals and clinics in nearby states.

PERFORMANCE GOALS

With an 54% sDA balanced with a low EUI, our building form is ideal for consistent and adequate daylighting within most of the building. The issue that arose with this design was an ASE of 43%, meaning that although the building would be passably lit, there would also be constant glare that may make spaces uncomfortable to occupy. In our analysis, we saw that glare would be extremely high nearer to the floor to floor glazing, such as in the prototyping spaces, application testing labs and public space. Strategically using frit to shade may address the high ASE. Though it would be better to increase the amount of opaque wall, adhering to the transparency in our design, we chose to use ceramic frit IGUs which help us gain more control over opaque and transparent surfaces which will further help reduce glare. In other space, increasing the height of the windows to allow light to disperse better into the space as well as adding shading devices to the exterior of the building to soften the direct light would improve the ASE.

SITE PLAN The Erik Moore Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship is located towards the south of campus, at the street corner of Miner and East 22nd Street. The Transportation Technology and Innovation Zone adjacent to the BCU and directly south of our project is designed for private companies and innovators to test tech-driven transportation solutions. The innovation zone is a flagship program of the non-profit Urban Movements Lab (ULM), a transportations solutions accelerator launched in 2019. Beyond the initial pilots, the innovation zone will be a place to workshop ideas that can help the city cut greenhouse gas emissions, lower water consumption, try new green technologies and test new infrastructure.

STUDENT HOUSING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCES

1 A-04

MOORE LAWN

16’-0”

13’-2”

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS

12’-1”

MINER ST

14’-0”

ERIK MOORE CENTER OF INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

12’-5”

12’-5”

TECH ZONE (MIXED USE)

MINER ST

E 22ND ST

N 0’ 2’ 4’

8’

16’

32’

FLOOR PLANS

S.2

-

S.4

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A -

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Roof 1/16" = 1'-0"

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Application Testing Lab 3

Application Testing Lab 4

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Conference Room 24

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Inspolab / Gallery 27

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Student Success Alumni Mentorship

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Erik Moore Youth Outreach Center

UP

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Seminar Room

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Collaboration/Study Space Faculty Offices

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CAD-Based Machining

Metal Shop

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STRUCTURE Primary Structural Material: Reinforced sitecast concrete, heavy timber Podium-style construction (level 1 concrete); heavy timber (levels 2-4); concrete shear walls and timber bracing During the initial design, we wanted to use steel for the structure, but after reconsideration, we decided it would be more ideal to use an innovative structural system since we are designing an innovation center. For example, using a hybrid system of concrete and timber: concrete for the columns/foundation and engineered wood (CLT) for the decking, instead of steel would also highlight that this is a building that fosters innovation and the structural system used should be reflective of the same.

To this end, the podium construction is used in our building with the intent to be able to segregate spaces based on purpose and experience that is established in each space by the structural system it is enabled by. For instance, the first 3 stories incorporate a reinforced concrete slab floor system that transmit the loads from the primarily CLT superstructure on the floors above, through the walls and columns to the ground. It also acts as a fire separation between the various occupancy types in the building, and helps to reduce the overall density of the frame. The use of a podium construction method allows the CIE to be able to create both experiential and safety seperations between all the mixed-use programs that it accommodates, as well as adhere to code, all whilst enabling the primary building purposes to foster collaboration and innovation.

Primary Cladding Materials: Equitone fiber cement panels (rainscreen assembly with girt attachment system), Panelite Clearshade with ceramic frit (curtain wall system)

INTEGRATED SECTIONS

Air Systems Exhaust Vents on Roof Equitone Fibre Cement Panels

Operable Windows Stack Ventilation

Photovoltaics on roof

Experiential Fire-rated Stair

Exhaust Vents on Roof CLT Columns

APPLICATION TESTING LABS

Exterior Staircase

PROTYPING MAKERSPACE

CO Vegetation Rainwater Cachement/Drainage

NORTH

Thermal Massing Floors

CAMPUS

Water from Desalination Plant (East Campus)

Waste Collection: Composting Toilets Heating/Cooling

MECHANICAL ROOM

Operable Garage Door: Permeable Boundary, Open Air Social Stair Landing Shading for Courtyard

Radiant Floors (Hydronic Heating) Reflective roof

Operable Windows Cross Ventilation

Chilled Beams (Hydronic Cooling)

CONFERENCE COURTYARD STUDENT SUCCESS

STUDENT SUCCESS

Threshold: Courtyard to Campus

COLLABORATION Threshold: Street to Building

OLLABORATION

MINER ST

SOUTH

PUBLIC SPACE + STOREFRONT

TECH ZONE

E 22ND ST

0’

10’

20’

50’

100’

Exhaust Vents on Roof Equitone Fibre Cement Panels CLT Columns

R ( Air Systems

Operable Windows Stack Ventilation

ELEVATOR

Photovoltaics on roof

PROTYPING MAKERSPA

COURTYA

EAST

MINER ST.

METAL SHOP

Reinforced Concrete Footing

Operable Windows Cross Ventilation

Radiant Floors (Hydronic Heating)

Reflective roof

FIRE STAIR

Chilled Beams (Hydronic Cooling)

APPLICATION TESTING LABS

ACE Vegetation Rainwater Cachement/Drainage

ARD

WEST

CAMPUS

WOOD SHOP

Entrance to courtyard from campus

0’

10’

20’

50’

SECTION 01

SECTION 04

DETAILED WALL SECTIONS

PM, 80 ° JUN 21, 12

C DE

12 21,

3° ,3

PM

SOLAR PANELS

PARAPET

4” GFRC PANELS

PRECAST LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE HOOD

PV EMBEDDED FRIT GLASS

5/8” GYPSUM WALL BOARD VAPOR RETARDER 2X6 WOOD STUD 3/4” PLYWOOD SHEATHING AIR BARRIER 3” ROCK WOOL INSULATION 3” AIR GAP THERMALLY BROKEN GIRT ATTACHMENT SYSTEM

CLEAR GARAGE DOOR

THERMAL AND VENTILATION SYSTEMS AND WIND STUDIES The building is oriented along the East-West axis with programs such as the storefront, public space, conference rooms, student success spaces facing the south, and hence receive the maximum amount of direct sunlight which will be mitigated using operable windows and sun-shading of windows using overhangs shaped by the stepped facade condition. The high amounts of IGUs in the building is to maximize the transparency between the indoor spaces, especially the makerspace and the outside with the intention of being able to look at the innovations taking place inside in order to draw people into the building. The orientation provides excellent opportunities for cross-ventilation from the prevailing western winds on our site.

Since our buildings’ courtyard is oriented towards the western prevailing wind, one main concern was mitigating the Venturi effect.

Using a wind simulation, we tested the wind velocity at different points in the courtyard to determine if sitting spaces were possible based on pedestrian wind comfort goals. By orienting the western neighboring building E-W along the primary axis, the wind velocity in the courtyard is drastically improved. By adding trees and keeping existing trees onsite, the effect is further improved.

The simulation using Energy2D used the fastest wind velocity of the year to calculate the most severe possible conditions. By using the scale of pedestrian wind comfort, an evaluation on the feasability of the outdoor collaboration space was made.

WIND SITE

ANEMOMETER READINGS

WIND SECTION

ANEMOMETER READINGS

SKIN Clearshade Panelite Clearshade Panelite can be specified to provide more or less visual transparency as required by the program or building orientation. The geometry and molecular makeup of the proprietary ClearShade insert diffuse daylight to reduce glare, further improving user experience, comfort and productivity.

Panelite addresses both daylighting and solar heat control, with a 75 percent improvement in solar heat gain control over standard IGUs; achieves Solar Heat Gain Coefficients as low as 0.07 at midday to reduce HVAC requirements and improve energy efficiency.

Panelite CLEARSHADE High-Performance Honeycomb Insulating Glass Unit - Facades from Panelite. Architizer. (2019, August 13). https://architizer.com/brands/panelite/products/panelite-clearshade-high-performance-honeycomb-insulating-glass-unit-facades/1187869/.

Details & Design potential. EQUITONE. (n.d.). https://www.equitone.com/en/cladding-companies/cladding-design/.

Equitone Fiber Cement Panels

Typical GFRC section. https://www.willisconstruction.com/gfrc_details.asp

GFRC Weighing up to 80% less than architectural precast, GFRC panels materially reduce the weight and cost of the foundation, footings, and structural framing needed to support multi-story buildings.

This enables the owner to reduce overall construction costs and accelerate schedules without sacrificing the durability or the architectural aesthetic of precast concrete fabrication. GFRC can be manufactured to faithfully reproduce the look and feel of architectural precast, terra cotta masonry, and a wide variety of natural stone such as granite, sandstone, or limestone at a fraction of the weight and cost of the original materials.

EQUITONE facade materials come in a maximum panel size of 1.25 x 3m (4´x 10´) and can be transformed into any size or shape using standard tools in the workshop or on site. The material can be perforated using waterjet or CNC machines, large or very small cuts can be made, it can even be embossed and printed. Panels can be arranged in many forms, the pattern of the panel has a bearing on the supporting frame.

VIGNETTES

Public Space Permeable Edge

Interior Prototyping Makerspace

Courtyard Collaboration Space

Layering of Courtyard Spaces

South Approach from Mixed-Use Tech Zone

ELEVATIONS

EAST ELEVATION

WEST ELEVATION

NORTH ELEVATION

SOUTH ELEVATION

PHYSICAL MODEL

06 | REFLECTION

Looking back at the last two quarters, the research that we conducted was only the tip of the iceberg. There is still much to know and educate ourselves about and we need more perspectives from individuals of the black community. Without those perspectives, as designers, who are we designing for?

My design manifesto remains very much the same; I continue to believe that architecture should be designed to be flexible as the times change. For an innovation center much like ours, technology can go out of date relatively quickly, so designing for a number of future building lives is key. The story or voice of a building is also important, and something that I think we may have missed out on while designing our building. Our challenge was to design based on a story that is in the future. But how can there be a story without history? The answer is designing for the users, and the life of the building in the future will be the story. Did students from all disciplines come to take an innovation class in the Erik Moore Center of Innovation and Entrepreneurship? Did students realize a million-dollar idea in the outdoor collaboration space? Did a student-developed product sell out within a week from the innovation storefront? These questions about the story of the building reveal a deeper question: in what ways is the building designed for the user? One thing I wish that we could have done was to talk to members of the community for whom the project will be built. The lack of communication between designer and user can often create a disconnect of how spaces are designed to be used and how spaces are actually used.

Architecture is a representation of social goals and priorities. When a building prioritizes faster construction time over sustainability, it is evident that money is a bigger motivator than stewardship of the environment. I am in no way suggesting that prefabrication should be eradicated immediately, but depending on the context, say, how far prefab units are to be shipped or what type of byproducts are being released to manufacture a product, should be in the center of the designers’ minds. As people who are typically not the funders of projects, it can be easy for designers to dismiss concerns about money, but having constraints in any aspect of a project offers an opportunity for designers to innovate and be creative with integrated solutions that save money, time, and resources.

Working on a BCU to tackle systemic issues like racism is tough, to say the least. The challenge of how to design specifically for the African-American community continually arose while we were in the conceptual development phase of our projects. Although I will never be black, through the research and readings that we did, I feel that I was able to gain a better understanding of the black perspective and empathize more with the struggles of being a person of color. When we started the quarter off with moonshots, ways to eliminate racism from society, the cynical part of me wanted to believe that there would be no way that racism could just disappear, but over the last two quarters I realized that it is a continual process. Architecture and the built environment is a medium of our societal values, which reveal that we elevate those with wealth and power and neglect people who are poor and unknown. Referring back to my manifesto, I mentioned the Rural Studio projects that were built by the community for people who were not wealthy, and those projects were filled with life, personality, and warmth. An antithesis of Rural Studio would be Versailles. How lifeless and impersonal wealth becomes.

Through this project, I was able to realize how human connection can be a powerful design tool.

07 | BIBLIOGRAPHY

Selected readings and resources every student read collectively: Rural Studio and the Architecture of Decency, Dean and Hursley, Introduction (1-13) Major Features of the California Master Plan for Higher Education (1-4) State of the Art in Planning for College and University Campuses Site Planning and Beyond, Hajrasouliha (1-19) Stevenson, Bryan. “We Need to Talk About an Injustice.” TED: Ideas Worth Spreading, MArch 2012, <https://www.ted.com/talks/bryan_stevenson_we_ need_to_talk_about_an_injustice?language=en>. https://www.ted.com/talks/sir_ken_robinson_how_to_escape_education_s_death_valley?referrer=playlisttv_special_ted_talks_education “The Nazis and the Acceleration of Caste” and “The Eight Pillars of Caste”, Wilkerson, Caste (78-88, 99-164) “How Does Race Shape the Lives of White People? “ Diangelo, White Fragility, Why Its So Hard for White People to Talk about Racism (51-70) Design Like You Give a Damn, Stohr, 100 Years of Humanitarian Design (1-12) Design Like You Give a Damn About What Exactly, Linsell, World Congress of Architecture Proceedings (1-11) Prison Policies: https://www.prisonpolicy.org/factsheets.html Allensworth: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAUTekk7bT4 HBCU Timeline: https://hbcufirst.com/hbcu-history-timeline Design as a Radical Act: https://register.gotowebinar.com/recording/4957854468149080579 Tell Them We Are Rising: The Story of Black Colleges and Universities: https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/videos/tell-them-we-are-rising/ Big Magic, Gilbert, Entitlement and Authenticity (92-97) The importance of shutting up: https://www.ted.com/talks/ernesto_sirolli_want_to_help_someone_shut_up_and_listen Using stories to change a system: https://ssir.org/articles/entry/using_story_to_change_systems# The Image of the City, Lynch, Chapter 4 (91-117) The Walkable City, Speck, The Ten Steps of Walkability (65-72) Happy City, Montgomery, The Mayor and the City as Happiness Project (1-43) Connection through Disconnection, KQED The Disconnection of Generation iGen: Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation https://www.chronicle.com/article/how-design-can-improve-retention-at-black-colleges/?cid=gen_sign_in Taking Back the Third Place: https://archive.curbed.com/2018/5/31/17414768/starbucks-third-place-bathroom-public Why human centered design matters: https://www.wired.com/insights/2013/12/human-centered-design-matters/

Partner Research: 2021 Fire Season Outlook. Accessed January 15, 2021. CALFIRE CALFIRE.. https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents • Wildfire data in the last decade Air Data | Annual Summary Data (2020). Accessed January 10, 2021. United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Agency. https://aqs.epa.gov/aqsweb/airdata/download_files.html#Annual • Air quality data in California “An Integrated Mixed-Use Development in Belfast and a Research Station in Antartica: 10 Unbuilt Projects Submitted by Established Firms..” December 30, 2020. ArchDaily ArchDaily.. https://www.archdaily.com/953781/an-integrated-mixed-use-development-in-belfast-and-a-research-station-in-antarctica-10-unbuilt-projects-submittedby-established-firms • Precedent research and images Angen, Katie. “A concrete candy wrapper snakes around San Francisco’s Serif and The Line Hotel.” April 30, 2021. The Architect’s Newspaper. https://www.archpaper.com/2021/04/facades-concrete-candy-wrapper-snakes-around-serif-and-the-line-hotel/ • Facade assembly detail and images ASG Architects. “Comparing Campuses.” https://asg-architects.com/ideas/comparing-campuses/ • Nolli Maps Asthma Data Visualizations. Accessed January 15, 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/data-visualizations/default.htm • Asthma data in California “Barnard College Diana Center.” 2010. Heintges Heintges.. https://heintges.com/barnard-college-diana-center/ • Curtain wall glazing panels “Bio-Esfera Office Complex / Skidmore, Owings & Merrill.” December 10, 2020. ArchDaily ArchDaily.. https://www.archdaily.com/953008/bio-esfera-office-complex-skidmore-owings-and-merrill • Precedent research and images Boyd-Barrett, Claudia. “People of Color and the Poor Disproportionately Exposed to Air Pollution, Study Finds.” February 8, 2019. California Health Report. https://www.calhealthreport.org/2019/02/08/people-of-color-and-the-poor-disproportionately-exposed-to-air-pollution-study-finds/ • Data and information on poverty versus air quality Public School Enrollment, by Race/Ethnicity. 2020. KidsData, powered by PRB. PRB. https://www.kidsdata.org/topic/36/school-enrollment-race/table#fmt=448&loc=364,802&tf=110&ch=7,11,726,85,10,72,9,73&sortColumnId=1&sortType=asc • Data on African American enrollment in Long Beach Unified School District high school Clearing the Air on Weather and Air Quality. n.d. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Administration. https://www.weather.gov/wrn/summer-article-clearing-the-air • Air quality data in California “Federal Center South Building 1202 / ZGF Architects.” November 12, 2013. ArchDaily ArchDaily.. https://www.archdaily.com/447019/federal-center-south-building-1202-zgf-architects • Precedent research and images Takeda, Sharon. “New Acquisition: Collection of African Ceremonial Barkcloth Paintings.” April 25, 2018. Accessed May 15, 2021. LACMA. https://unframed.lacma.org/2018/04/25/new-acquisition-collection-african-ceremonial-barkcloth-paintings • Mbuti pattern research and images “The Diana Center at Barnard College / Weiss/Manfredi.” December 19, 2010. ArchDaily ArchDaily.. https://www.archdaily.com/97256/the-diana-center-at-barnard-college-weiss-manfredi • Precedent research and images United States Census Data: Poverty. Accessed January 10, 2021. United States Census Bureau. https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?t=Income%20and%20Poverty&g=0100000US.050000&y=2019&d=ACS%205-Year%20Estimates%20Data%20 Profiles&tid=ACSDP5Y2019.DP03&moe=false&hidePreview=true • Poverty data in California

08 | APPENDICES

DESIGN MANIFESTO The greatest enemy within the realm of architecture is designing without showcasing the nature of the building and its occupants. Yet we still see steel and glass boxes all over the world. At one point in time, the steel and glass box was considered “modern.” But “modern” architecture means contemporary. It is important not to get infatuated by aesthetic trends, because sometime in the future, “now” will be outdated because our built environment evolves.

I believe that the biggest distinction between mediocre and good architecture is voice. Repeat that. Voice. Does the building tell the story of the occupants? Does the building advocate for human rights? That’s what makes architecture timeless. Though different people come and go, the use of a structure tells the story of human experiences, the obstacles we might have faced over time, the differences we were able to make in others’ lives. As we aim to be citizen architects, we have the responsibility and privilege of designing for equity in human dignity, welfare, and safety. The spaces we design should cultivate learning, exploration, and imagination, stimulate the mind and spirit through sight, sounds, and touch, and motivate people to take action.

Picture your favorite building. Is it in a developed country? Compare architecture in developed countries like the United States in comparison to less developed nations like Burkino Faso. Sure, the US had Frank Lloyd Wright, but Burkino Faso has Diébédo Francis Kéré. See? Good architecture can be found anywhere. Architecture is accessible and not just a utopian construct. It’s true that there are different logistics concerning money, labor, and materials. In developed countries, we hire professionals, but there is a soul-like value in building as a community. It engages the community and gives them a sense of ownership. Take Rural Studio from Auburn University for example. Or Habitat for Humanity. Constructing together creates a body of people who do life together, independent of racial or socio-economic background. In some places, building is not just a mechanized process, it goes hand-in-hand with empathy.

As humans, we have been stuck in a mentality that architecture, mainly good architecture, is only for the wealthy and abled, that aesthetics must be the most important part of buildings since we are designers, right? Wrong. Just as every person on this earth has been created and made equally in God’s universe, there should be equality in architecture: the rich, the poor, the abled, the differently-abled, whites, blacks, people of all color and all nations. As houses of engagement, collaboration, and education, architecture endeavours to connect people of all different backgrounds. Although it might be impossible to build a utopia, creating spaces to further understanding and involvement in society would help us live healthier, happier, and more harmoniously. We need to not only build aesthetic architecture, but usable architecture that enhances daily human experience.

Elite architecture is not always the best architecture. Before studying architecture, my measure of good architecture was the excitement of the the structure. Take Zaha Hadid, Frank Gehry, and Jean Nouvel for example––all still great architects with awe-inspiring works, but my standard of measure has changed. The best pieces of architecture are not necessarily the most famous or the most visited sites, but are indispensable parts of their communities because they were tailored to the people who spend a portion of their life living, working, or playing there. A sign of failed architecture is when it is hardly used. If a building is used but not necessarily in the intended capacity it was designed for, it demonstrates the ingenuity of humans but exposes one or more areas the designer failed to address. Design must have the capacity to adapt to different situations and time periods. As the occupants change, inevitably, the building will need change. Today we have the problem of buildings with short 30-40 year lifespans–– how to solve this problem? Designing for flexibility is key. Flexibility gives power back to building users, enabling the variance of program that occurs within, and giving users a sense of control over their surroundings.

Of course, one of the responsibilities we have as designers is to design sustainably. As a forward-looking trade, architecture and construction should be conscious of the limited resources we have in order to uphold human health, both in the present and in the future. As technology is constantly innovating, we have the opportunity to invest in more performative materials, integrated systems, and energy-harvesting and waste-converting methods as well as carrying on traditional passive design strategies.

As architects, we have the opportunity to influence life’s quality through design. Although we design most of the places humans work, live, and play in, it’s important not to get puffed from the “control” we have over everyday life. Designing is not a power move; it’s an opportunity to improve and foster the furthering of intelligence through community engagement, the stewarding of the ecosystem through innovation, and the nurturing of human life and welfare through storytelling.

PRECEDENTS

University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Master Plan

Lijia Smart Park

T. Rowe Price Towers

Diana Center at Barnard College

Sketch © Corneil, Janne. “University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Master Plan.” 2013. Corneil Collaborative.. Accessed March 7, 2021.

Collaborative http://www.corneilco.com/campus-planning/university-of-wisconsin-milwaukee-master-plan. php

Image © KPF. “T. Rowe Price Towers.” 2020. Archdaily Archdaily.. Accessed March 7, 2021. https://www. archdaily.com/953781/an-integrated-mixed-use-development-in-belfast-and-a-researchstation-in-antarctica-10-unbuilt-projects-submitted-by-established-firms

Image © PLP Architecture. “Lijia Smart Park - Geek Community.” 2020. Archdaily Archdaily.. Accessed March 7, 2021. https://www.archdaily.com/953781/an-integrated-mixed-use-development-in-belfast-and-aresearch-station-in-antarctica-10-unbuilt-projects-submitted-by-established-firms

Photograph © Albert Vecerka/Esto. “The Diana Center at Barnard College / Weiss/Manfredi.” December 19, 2010. ArchDaily ArchDaily.. Accessed September 21, 2020. https://www.archdaily.com/97256/the-diana-centerat-barnard-college-weiss-manfredi/50134d5128ba0d0ef0000c1e-the-diana-center-at-barnard-collegeweiss-manfredi-photo?next_project=no

Bio-Esfera Office

Image © Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. “Bio-Esfera Office Complex.” 2020. Archdaily Archdaily.. Accessed March 31, 2021. https://www.archdaily.com/953008/bio-esfera-office-complex-skidmore-owings-and-merrill

Hongling Experimental Primary School

Photograph © Chao Zhang. “Hongling Experimental Primary School / O-office Architects.” 2019.

Archdaily.. Accessed April 20, 2021. https://www.archdaily.com/926560/hongling-experimentalArchdaily primary-school-o-office-architects/5da5cee03312fd7f5f000232-hongling-experimental-primaryschool-o-office-architects-photo

Google’s St. John Terminal

Image © Cookfox Architects. “Google’s St. John Terminal.” 2020. Archdaily Archdaily.. Accessed March 7, 2021. https://www.archdaily.com/953781/an-integrated-mixed-use-development-in-belfast-and-aresearch-station-in-antarctica-10-unbuilt-projects-submitted-by-established-firms

Federal Center South Building 1202

Photograph © Benjamin Benschneider. “Federal Center South Building 1202 / ZGF Architects.”

2013. Archdaily Archdaily.. Accessed March 7, 2021. https://www.archdaily.com/447019/federalcenter-south-building-1202-zgf-architects

CSU Northridge Design Concept

Image © LPA. “Forward Thinking: The Future of Student Unions.” 2019. LPA LPA.. Accessed April 28, 2021. https://lpadesignstudios.com/catalyst/forward-thinking-the-future-of-student-unions

Copacabana Beach Promenade

Photograph © Burle Marx & Cia Ltd. “Roberto Burle Marx: A Master of Much More than Just Modernist Landscape.” 2016. Archdaily Archdaily.. Accessed April 30, 2021. https://www.archdaily.com/792639/ roberto-burle-marx-a-master-of-much-morethan-just-modernist-landscape/57a1f9c1e58ec e15510001ab-roberto-burle-marx-a-master-ofmuch-more-than-just-modernist-landscapephoto

FACADE RESEARCH

Source: New Acquisition: Collection of African Ceremonial Barkcloth Paintings. Unframed. (n.d.). https://unframed.lacma.org/2018/04/25/new-acquisitioncollection-african-ceremonial-barkcloth-paintings.

“The tropical rainforest located in the Ituri Province of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo has been inhabited by nomadic groups of people known as the Mbuti for over four thousand years. Mbuti women extract colorants from the bounties of the forest—fruit, flowers, leaves, wood, roots, and mud. Limited to the irregular boundaries of each unique barkcloth canvas, women apply the natural colorants with a twig, a stem, or a fingertip to create asymmetrical compositions where markings such as dots, lines, curves, and organic forms can repeat, meander, overlap, transition into another pattern (refered to as “break patterning”), or terminate at the edge of a voided space. This Mbuti art, with its aesthetics of asymmetry and visual dissonace, mimics the imagery of the rainforest and aligns with the syncopated polyphonic rhythms of Mbuti music. It has influenced the art of neighboring Central African cultures and shares striking affinities to Western modern and contemporary art.”

- Sharon Takeda, Senior Curator and Department Head, Costume and Textiles, LACMA

Using the mbuti pattern as a design motif in the plaza mosaic tiling, site design for Moore Lawn, courtyard bridges, and facade’s PV frit echoes the movement throughout the space and the motivation to stop and linger while enjoying the spectacle of the act of making.

Plaza Mosaic Tiling

Site Design and Courtyard Bridges: Mbuti Motif

Modular Panels

Photograph © Courtney Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates. “A concrete candy wrapper snakes around San Francisco’s Serif and The Line Hotel.” 2021. The Architect’s Newspaper. Accessed May 22, 2021. https://www.archpaper.com/2021/04/facadesconcrete-candy-wrapper-snakes-around-serif-and-the-line-hotel/

Connection Detail

Drawing © Courtesy Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. “A concrete candy wrapper snakes around San Francisco’s Serif and The Line Hotel.” 2021. The Architect’s Newspaper.. Accessed May 22, 2021. https://www.archpaper.com/2021/04/facadesNewspaper concrete-candy-wrapper-snakes-around-serif-and-the-line-hotel/

Unitized Installation

Photograph © Handel Architects . “A concrete candy wrapper snakes around San Francisco’s Serif and The Line Hotel.” 2021. The Architect’s Newspaper.

Newspaper. Accessed May 22, 2021. https://www.archpaper.com/2021/04/facades-concrete-candy-wrapper-snakesaround-serif-and-the-line-hotel/

DESIGN ITERATIONS

MEDICAL INNOVATIONS CENTER

INDIVIDUAL CHARRETTE

Problem: How might we expand black representation in the and health technology innovations industry though equally-accessible learning spaces?

Design Challenge: We want to be able to have a interdisciplinary innovations center that focuses on engineering solutions to meet needs in the medical field and be able to market the products to hospitals and clinics in the country.

Project Statement: The Medical Innovations Center (IMIC) strives to answer the question, “How might we design a building that brings students of different disciplines to collaborate together to advance the health industry?”

Program Diagram VIS / INSPO LAB

NUCLEUS

DFAB MAKERSPACE

STUDIOS STUDIOS

STUDIOS EGN. LAB MAT LAB

SHOP MAKERSPACE

FAC OFFICES

LOBBY / GALLERY

Experiential Narrative:

Taylor is a nursing student who is aspires to become a scrub nurse. In one of her labs, her professor, also a practicing surgeon, noted that he wished there was a better imaging instrument for operating on tumors and cysts. Taylor’s curiosity piqued and she remembered that she had heard about a course offered on campus in the IMIC that grouped people of different majors to solve medical technology problems, so she asked her friend Louis, an engineering student to take the class with her the following quarter.

On the first day of class, Taylor and Louis walked into the IMIC and were amazed by the sheer amount of information pinned up on the mobile boards in the lounge area and walls of the Hive. Their faculty advisor took their cohort on a tour through the building, starting in the Gallery, a curated collection of former students’ works and innovations, then going to the Makerspaces and workspaces, workshops for experimentation and prototyping. The conference rooms were few, only because the best collaborative work happened outside of tight isolated envelopes, which were reserved for meetings with potential investors and engineering firm partners.

The more casual collaborative spaces included the Nucleus and the lounge areas, open spaces with mobile furniture for people to meet and bounce ideas off of each other. At the heart of the building, the atria, the Nucleus was buzzing with activity, energized by the comfortable daylighting and the mindset of being able to accomplish anything. The Inspolab was a resource for finding inspiration through research and histories of the greatest innovations in technology. Since the School of Nursing was a 5 minute walk from the IMIC, the building also included testing labs for trying out prototypes in simulated surgeries and physical therapy sessions.

Thrown into the chaos of ideation and iteration, the first two steps of unleashing their creativity, Taylor and Louis felt excited about the possibilities to forge their own paths and stimulated at the change they could bring to the world. Later in the year, they would have the option to be paired with business students to patent and market their products to hospitals and clinics in nearby states

Conceptual Massing

Structure Axonometric

# of People/Space

# of Spaces

COLLABORATIVE LEARNING WORKSPACES The Nucleus Conference Room Studio Classrooms Application Lab

Space

100 10 20 5

1 4 18 4

ASF/Space (SF)

18000 300 500 500

Total ASF (SF) 30200 18000 1200 9000 2000

MAKERSPACE Shop dFab Engineering Lab

75 50 40

1 1 1

11000 11000 3000

25000 11000 11000 3000

RESOURCES Inspolab Materials Library Visualization Media Lab - Digital and Print Faculty Office

20 20 30 2

1 1 2 8

800 800 1000 200

5200 800 800 2000 1600

PUBLIC SPACES Lobby Café Lounge Area Gallery

5 15 20 20

1 1 5 1

300 1000 400 500

3800 300 1000 2000 500

BUILDING ASF BUILDING GSF

64200 100000

Adjacency Study

Structure Elevation MAKERSPACE

PUBLIC SPACES

COLLABORATIVE LEARNING

RESOURCES

Shop

Lobby

The Nucleus

Inspolab

dFab

Cafe

Conference Rooms

Material Lab

Engineering Lab

Lounge Areas

Studios

Visual Lab

Gallery

Application Labs

Faculty Offices

Diagrammatic Floor Plans

Site Plan

Interior Experience MACHINE ROOM

ROOF

ATRIA

N

TIO

SEC

5TH

INSPOLAB

RESTROOMS

CONFERENCE ROOM

VISUALIZATION MEDIA LAB

ATRIA

N 0 5’ 10’ 20’ 30’

50’

STUDIOS 1/13/2021

Performance 

 ABOUT YOUR BUILDING Building Name

RESULTS

Target EUI is 27 based on a 80% reduction

BCU

Country

*

Los Angeles

Postal Code

California

*

HDD 1489

New construction

BASELINE 132 EUI 100 Zero Score

 *

90731 

*

CDD 594

*

ATRIA

4TH

 *

United States

City | State/Prov.

Degree Days

RESTROOMS

2030 Baseline

STUDIOS

TARGET 27 EUI 20 Zero Score 100

80

60

40

0

20

-20

Existing Building BUILDING SUMMARY

 BUILDING USE DETAILS

LOCATION

Los Angeles, CA

90731

USES

College / University

100,000 sq.ft (100.0%)

In order to provide you with an appropriate comparison for your building, we need to know how spaces in this building will be used. If your building has multiple uses, add them below.  Commercial Add Another Use

RESULTS

Residential 

Selected Use Type(s):

College / University



TARGET

0%

80%

N/A

Zero Score

100

20

N/A

Site EUI (kBtu/ft²/yr)

132

27

N/A

Source EUI (kBtu/ft²/yr)

263

53

N/A

870

174

Total GHG Emissions (metric tons CO₂e/yr)

imperial

metric

STUDIOS

YOUR BUILDING

BASELINE

EUI % Reduction from Baseline

RESTROOMS

ATRIA

N/A

3RD

print 

STUDIOS

ENGINEERING LAB

FAC OFFICES zerotool.org/zerotool/

1/3

DFAB

2ND

APPLICATION LAB

MATERIALS LIBRARY

GALLERY

RESTROOMS

RESTROOMS

SHOP

1ST

LOBBY/LOUNGE

CAFE

N

0 5’ 10’ 20’ 30’

50’

STUDIOS 1/13/2021

BCU

Country

United States

City | State/Prov.

Los Angeles

Postal Code

90731 

California

BASELINE 132 EUI 100 Zero Score

 *

*

CDD 594

*

ATRIA

4TH

 *

*

*

HDD 1489

New construction

RESULTS

Target EUI is 27 based on a 80% reduction

Building Name

Degree Days

RESTROOMS

2030 Baseline

Performance 

 ABOUT YOUR BUILDING

STUDIOS

TARGET 27 EUI 20 Zero Score 100

80

60

40

0

20

-20

Existing Building BUILDING SUMMARY

 BUILDING USE DETAILS

LOCATION

Los Angeles, CA

90731

USES

College / University

100,000 sq.ft (100.0%)

In order to provide you with an appropriate comparison for your building, we need to know how spaces in this building will be used. If your building has multiple uses, add them below.  Commercial Add Another Use

RESULTS

Residential 

Selected Use Type(s):

College / University



TARGET

EUI % Reduction from Baseline

0%

80%

N/A

Zero Score

100

20

N/A

Site EUI (kBtu/ft²/yr)

132

27

N/A

Source EUI (kBtu/ft²/yr)

263

53

N/A

870

174

Total GHG Emissions (metric tons CO₂e/yr)

imperial

STUDIOS

YOUR BUILDING

BASELINE

metric

zerotool.org/zerotool/

RESTROOMS

ATRIA

N/A

3RD

print 

VIS / INSPO LAB

1/3

NUCLEUS

DFAB MAKERSPACE

STUDIOS

EGN. LAB MAT LAB

SHOP MAKERSPACE

2ND STUDIOS STUDIOS

FAC OFFICES DFAB

1ST

APPLICATION LAB

MATERIALS LIBRARY

FAC OFFICES

LOBBY / GALLERY

STUDIOS

ENGINEERING LAB

GALLERY

RESTROOMS

RESTROOMS

SHOP LOBBY/LOUNGE

CAFE

N

0 5’ 10’ 20’ 30’

0 5’ 10’ 20’ 30’

50’

50’

Overall building section to describe occupant experience.

https://www.hacin.com/portfolio/ideo-2017/

https://www.archdaily.com/490141/centre-pompidou-metz-shigeru-ban-architects

https://www.archdaily.com/944967/run-run-run-intervention-andres-jaque-office-for-political-innovation

https://www.archdaily.com/874535/la-seine-musicale-shigeru-ban-architects

https://www.archdaily.com/909540/lochal-library-mecanoo-plus-civic-architects-plus-braaksma-and-roos-architectenbureau

https://www.archdaily.com/920268/collaborative-life-sciences-building-and-skourtes-tower-co-architects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_projects

Project Name: IDEO Cambridge No. 2 Design Team: Hacin + Associates Location: Cambridge, Massachusetts

Project Name: Centre Pompidou Metz Design Team: Shigeru Ban Architects Location: Metz, France

Project Name: Run Run Run Intervention Design Team: Andrés Jaque & Office for Political Innovation Location: Madrid, Spain

Project Name: La Seine Musicale Design Team: Shigeru Ban Architects Location: Boulogne-Billancourt, France

Project Name: LocHal Library Design Team: Mecanoo Location: Delft, Netherlands

Project Name: Collaborative Life Sciences Building & Skourtes Tower Design Team: CO Architects & SERA Architects Location: Portland, Oregon