)Artisan Village ( Rehabilitation of Al Malad heritage village
By : Arch . Assad Alyafi Supervised By : Dr . Hisham Mortada
First Semester 2020-2021 1441-1442
KAUARCH King Abdelaziz University Department of Architecture
UNESCO “Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations. Our cultural and natural heritage is both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration.�
Content 1.0 problem statement ................................................................4
8.0 Al Malad heritage village (Documentation)
2.0 Design Objectives ....................................................................5
8.1 introduction ………………………………………………………….…..48 8.2 location ………..…………………………………………………….…….49 8.3 site analysis …………….………………………………………….…….50-57 8.4 architectural elements …………….…………………………..…….58-64
3.0 Methodology
...........................................................................6
4.0 Heritage 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3
What is heritage? …………………………………………………………….….8 What is built heritage conservation? ………………………………………...8 Conservation Motivation ……………………..………………………….…..…..9 Patterns of Built Heritage Conservation Policies …………..……….…...10
5.0 Heritage tourism 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3
Introduction …………………………………….……………………………….....12-13 The Convergence between Heritage and Tourism …………..………….14 Heritage tourism economics ……………………………………….………………15 Heritage and culture ………………………………………………….…………….…16-17 Authenticity………….……………………………………………………………….….…18-19
6.0 Heritage tourism in the southern regions 6.1 Location ……………………………………..……………………………………………..21 6.2 architecture heritage ………………..……………………………………………..22-28 6.3 Folklore ………………..………………………………………………………………….….29 6.4 Handicrafts as a Tourism Product in south region …………………….….30-38
7.0 Al Baha district 7.1 location ……………………………….…..………………………………….……….……..40 7.2 Al Baha History ………………..……………………………………….……………….41-42 7.3 Climate…………………………………………………………………………………..…….43 7.3 Nature ……………………………………………………………………………………..….44 7.3 Wildlife …………………………………………………………………….………………….45 7.3 Heritage sites ……………………………………………………..........……………….46
9.0 Case study’s 9.1 Haapsalu Episcopal Castle / KAOS Architects …………..…66-70 9.2 Convent de Sant Francesc ………..……………………………….71-76 9.3 Qasr Al Hosn …………………….………………………………..…….77-83 9.4 Conclusion…………….…………………………………………..…..….84
10.0 Guide lins and sucsasful factors 10.1 The Conservation of Historic Places in Canada …….…..87-89 10.2 Design guide for heritage (book) ………….…………….….90-92 10.3 New additions (esthetic impression criteria.….…….….93
11.0 Desired situation 11.1 Concept …………………………………………………………..……..95-109 11.2 Plans ………..…………………………………………………………….110-112 11.3 Sections & Elevations ……………….…………………………….113-116 11.4 Perspectives…………….……………………………………………….117-126
12.0 References ...........................................................127
1.0 Problem Statement AL Malad village in Al Baha city is a historic village is a supplier of natural and cultural heritage that allows the city to be a unique tourist destination that distinguished with a specific type of nature that attracts tourists to enjoy the natural mountainous landscape. However, The village is lacks of entertainment to encourage tourists to come . The reviving of al malad village will support the development of tourism and accommodate the 2030 vision of Saudi Arabia which is the plan to reduce Saudi Arabia’s dependence on oil, diversify its economy, and develop public service sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, entertainment and tourism that includes the promotion of economic and investment activities. The importance of the project lies in the link between the urban heritage of the city culturally, economically, and emotionally with citizens and linking generations with their history to draw inspiration from the values represented by this heritage and share with tourists and interested in heritage..
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2.0 Design Objectives •
Society:
Serving al-Baha’s community through providing new entrainment, recreation, commercial and cultural activities and facilities.
•
Environment:
Protecting the existing site environment and buildings and adding new environment-friendly materials to server new buildings/functions.
•
Economy:
Turning al-Malad into a successful social, environmental, cultural, and tourist hub that will contribute to local economy by highlighting its urban heritage and natural assets.
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3.0 Methodology •
•
Society
Meeting local community to understand their ambitions, needs, expectations
Economy
Analyzing the economic aspects of the Region and the Site Adding trending venues in the design proposals
and interest in the rehabilitation of al-Malad Studying Municipal future plans of al-Malad and building and planning
Supporting local economic growth with new activates
regulations of the area.
•
Environment
Analyzing climatic conditions of the area Analyzing design potentials of the site’s components (heritage and nature) Propose environment-friendly interventions based on the analysis
site visit
environmental
physical
survey
analysis
analysis
site analysis
context & program
concept & design
Desired Situation Current Situation
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4.0 HERITAGE
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4.1 What is heritage? Heritage is “a property that is or may be inherited; an inheritance”, “valued things such as historic buildings that have been passed down from previous generations (to another)”, and “relating to things of historic or cultural value that are worthy of preservation” (OED.com, 2012). Heritage has many
meanings and connotations, which vary with the perspective from which we look at it. Lowenthal (1997) rejects the commonly held view that it is synonymous with history: “…heritage is not history at all. It is not an inquiry into the past, but a celebration of it... a profession of faith in a past tailored to present-day purposes.” “The content of heritage is commonly seen as embracing both the tangible (natural landscapes, buildings, monuments and the like) and the intangible (folklore, rituals, traditions, faiths, myths and others).”
4.2 What is built heritage conservation? For Fowler (1987), built heritage conservation is a “wide-ranging”, “positive” and “dynamic” concept transcending the earlier, narrow sense of “preservation”; the latter means preventing further deterioration, whereas conservation actually requires change. •
conservation
is “part of the process of change” and it requires the past to be reshaped, upgraded, modernized and even fabricated to meet contemporary expectations.
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4.3 Conservation Motivation The literature has identified several extended reasons that heritage conservation and preservation are high priorities in western societies:
• fear of over-industrialisation or rapid modernization; • national pride •
collective nostalgia
• aesthetic and artistic value • in a rapidly changing society people have attempted to retain buildings, townscapes and objects in order to help them maintain a link with past and therefore build a sense of continuity in their lives
•
heritage preservation helps maintain a sense of community and belonging.
• heritage has a value in its own right. • there may be educational and scientific significance, • heritage has developed an economic importance, as people want to visit and see places for their historic values • “an integral component of sustainable development • the need for an “authentic” experience
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4.4 Patterns of Built Heritage Conservation Policies Restoration of monuments this approach concentrated on restoring monuments or significant buildings� such as palaces, castles, bazaars, mosques and churches, as well as traditional dwellings exemplifying vernacular architecture
Heritage reconstruction The Second World War caused the loss of large numbers of historically significant sites in Europe. This led European countries such as France, Poland and the UK to devise a new way to reclaim the lost heritage, which was to reconstruct destroyed buildings to their original state and to guard them from subsequent deterioration by preserving their use (Abu-Lughod, 1978). Farahat (1986) warns that demolishing in order to rebuild may not respect the original architecture. The author argues that this approach can lead to historic sites becoming dead or lifeless museums, rather than promoting the living heritage conapt
Built heritage revitalization reusing built heritage sites for new purposes and functions to fit with the contemporary requirements of economic vitality, such as the development of tourism. Article 11 Section 4 of the Convention mentions the importance of using heritage sites for tourism development, in order to safeguard them and ensure their continuity with benefits
Built heritage recreation is the modern fabrication of old-style buildings to give the impression of traditional authenticity in place of demolished or destroyed buildings in a historical area, with tourism development in mind.
Built heritage rehabilitation rather than seeking to recreate the past (Sutton and Fahmi, 2001). This means rehabilitating not separate buildings but entire quarters, because the importance of a heritage building extends to its urban surroundings
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5.0 HIRTAGE TOURISM
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5.1 Introduction At the end of the Second World War, tourism began to flourish and spread to all corners of the world, made possible in part by higher levels of affluence, record advancements in transportation and telecommunications technology, and enhanced international relations. Since that time, tourism
has proved many times over to be one the most powerful economic, social, cultural, ecological and political forces in the world today. It touches every nation and community, either directly or indirectly, even where tourism does not exist, and influences decision making at even the highest national and supranational levels. Given tourism’s global significance, communities throughout the world have welcomed it as an instrument for economic development .
The most prominent tourism types are : • ecotourism (or more broadly, •
nature-based tourism)
•
sport tourism
•
religious tourism
•
shopping tourism
• adventure tourism •
cultural tourism
•
beach and resort tourism
•
cruise tourism
• heritage tourism
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Heritage tourism definition : heritage tourism is a process, or as a product.
“sites and museums
approach that clearly relates to the product based approach of tourism”. Richards (1996a,b) heritage tourism to be “an experience which is produced by the interaction
of the visitor with the resource” Moscardo (2001:5). typically falls under the purview of cultural tourism (and vice versa), is one of the most notable and widespread types of tourism and is among the very oldest forms of travel. As history shows, even the ancient Egyptians and Romans, as well as the nobility of medieval times, travelled to experience historic places of cultural importance (Towner, 1996).
Types of historical sites importance : •
built environments urban areas
•
ancient monuments
• Dwellings •
rural and agricultural landscapes
•
locations where historic events occurred and places where interesting and significant cultures stand out.
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5.2 The Convergence between Heritage and Tourism : The
convergence
process has meant that now heritage
tourist
manifestations are “an essential ingredient of the consumption growth poles, or cultural capital driven development complexes”
development of a heritage destination this means that the focus of the destination should be to move many attractions from a stage of “being willing to take tourists to a stage of being able to accept tourists” (Silberberg 1995:62). typical tourist moved away from the sun and sea holiday type of vacation, towards more sophisticated types of vacations where exclusivity,
differentiation, and unique personal experiences are the norms of the day the shift of focus experienced in the tourism industry from product driven to consumer driven, created the need for a unique experience. In order to accommodate this differentiation in human preferences, attention was turned to heritage attractions. their is a material components of culture and heritage such as attractions, objects of art, artifacts, relics, as well as more intangible forms of culture and heritage such as traditions, languages, and folklore
In addition, McKercher contends that “the more powerful the attraction, the greater its ability to pull visitors from greater distances” (2001:30)
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5.3 Heritage tourism economics : The enormity of the economic impact of heritage tourism cannot be overstated. As one of the largest forms of tourism, visitors to historic places and the spending that accompanies them in the areas of lodging, food, admission fees and shopping, contribute billions of dollars every year to the global economy and employ millions of people directly and indirectly (Timothy & Boyd, 2003)
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5.4 Culture and Heritage When culture is defined from a touristic perspective, a special focus is given to communities and their social characteristics, traditions and behaviors; ➢ tangible
• immobile resources (as built heritage, sites and cultural landscapes). • movable elements (as artifacts, handicrafts, media and consumer goods), ➢ Intangible • cultural aspects as: • art expressions • languages • living cultures • folklore…etc)
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Markers of cultural heritage
There is a small but growing body of literature on the material culture of tourism (e.g. handicrafts and souvenirs), which is rich in ideas and information related to the meanings of tangible, consumable products made for tourists as representations of the cultural heritage of places visited (Timothy, 2005). Such items are revealing about what images destination inuentials wish to portray of their communities. authenticity, is the important variable that this materials should has Handicrafts, as cultural souvenirs, play a main role in tourism too. Many countries, considering the handicrafts as the main core in tourism development, establish the tourism facilities near main handicraft
production centers. Some try to show their originality and identity by offering new products made through combination of their national symbols with their handicrafts.
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5.5 Authenticity Definition : heritage meaning does not derive directly from the artefact or place itself, but rather a combination of the viewer’s background and the message relayed in the way items are displayed to be gazed upon (Burnett, 2001;
Herbert, 1995; Moscardo, 2000; Timothy & Prideaux, 2004; Wall & Xie, 2005)
Some observers have argued that : • people travel in a constant search for authentic experiences and genuine places (e.g. MacCannell, 1976). • tourists do not seek truly authentic experiences (Herbert, 1995; Moscardo, 2000) and are able to discern artificial from authentic heritages (Urry, 1995). Instead of seeking reality, most tourists simply want a holiday experience that is entertaining, enjoyable and memorable (Halewood & Hannam, 2001; Moscardo, 2000; Schouten, 1995).
Even if they desire authentic experiences, tourists are often duped into
believing that inauthentic heritage is authentic through site and destination promotional efforts that ‘present fairy tales as facts and replicas as reality’ (Timothy & Boyd, 2003: 239).
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product : “A product, in short, is a bundle of satisfactions, or characteristics, and not merely a good, or service, qua good, or service” (Reekie and Crook 1995:167).
people consume products, or services as in the case of heritage tourism, not for the products themselves, but for the satisfaction derived from the consumption of the attributes associated with these products. one does not pay any attention to physical entities such as a museum or a heritage park, but instead recognizes only a bundle of services, or characteristics (such as authenticity) that each attraction provides to each individual.
Richards(1996b) has managed to establish a relationship between heritage tourism as a product and as a process using the concept of authenticity •
consume heritage (as a push factor),
•
destination’s attractiveness (as a pull factor).
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6.0 HERITAGE TOURISM IN THE SOUTHERN REGIONS
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6.1 Location :
AL BAHA
ASIER NAJRAN
JISAN King Abdulaziz University - Faculty of Environmental Design - Department of Architecture - AR 600 – FIRST SIMESTER
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6.2 Architecture heritage : The architecture of the Southern region was strongly affected by Social factors, such as the need for Security , as well as the diverse, varied topography of the region. For in the highlands , a sparse distribution of buildings of stone was common : buildings were also made of stone in
agricultural Areas ,but were built close To gether , a feature we can also see in areas with amphitheatres . Buildings built on flat or hilly lands were characterized by the use of mud and stone or pure clay and their square shapes . Their Height varied from two to five Storeys . •
Rijal alma
•
Shada Palace
•
The House of Ahmad Al-Rifai
•
The House of Hussein Rifai
•
Zi Ain
•
Abo Soud Palace
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Rijal alma : Its location between the two sides of a narrow valley led to this folkloric city becoming famous for its high buildings , the majority of those remaining were built of stone . Evidence indicates that it has existed for over 900 years . It lies about 40km away from the city of Abaha . The ancient village of Rijal Alma is characterized by the richness and diversity of its history .
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Shada Palace : Shada Palace is located in the city of Abha. It was built in 1348 AH (1927 AD) on the recommendation of the late King Abdul Aziz to Sheikh Abdul-Wahab Abu Malha, who was in charge of the city’s finances at that time, and it served as the heart of the city of Abha for a period of time. The palace was the headquarters for the Prince of the region, and is characterized by its features that take the form of rocky buildings, which narrow as they reach their upper levels. It exhibits attritbutes of local architecture, and has been restored and turned into a museum by order of the Governor of Asir, and formally opened on 2 Muharram 1408 AH. It includes within its 4 floors several old household items and agricultural tools, weapons, uniforms and some old manuscripts and coins.
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The House of Ahmad Al-Rifai : One of the landmarks on Firsanb Island in the Jazan region. The House of Ahmad Al-Rifai was built of stone, about 7 meters high, and its outer walls were covered with geometric plaster decorations, and deep-set ornamental bracelets. A selection of Qur’anic verses is written on the façade of the
sitting area and a curved bracelet with a verse of poetry inscribed in it adorns the top of the door’s interior. The house was constructed of coloured glass and Javan timber; dyes and colors were brought in from abroad while the style of pattern and decoration hail from India and Yemen.
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The House of Hussein Rifai : The House of Hussein Rifai is currently owned by the family of Rifai, on Firsan Island in the Jazan region. This historic house consists of a large main
gate, characterized by its unique decorations and influenced by exquisite Islamic art. There is a sitting area which showcases Arabic calligraphy, beautiful inscriptions and symmetrical shelves.
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Zi Ain : The construction of the ancient village of Zi Ain dates back to almost 300 years ago. A spring of water located at the foot of the mountain, characterized by its abundance of water and continuous flow, gives the town its name. There are a number of historical high-rise buildings in the village,
which lies about 20 km away from Al Baha.
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Abo Soud Palace : One of the most important features of the old city of Najran, located near the northern bank of the ancient Najran Valley. Abo Soud palace, which was designed initially as a military castle, consists of 60 rooms spread over several floors. It contains a mosque built of mud, straw and palm fronds, the
chamber of the muezzin, the chamber of the court, and five rooms used as formal offices in addition to the Prince’s sitting area. There are also larders for food, coffee and storage. The lower part of a well in the courtyard of the palace, dating back to a pre-Islamic era, is painted with burnt milk, while the upper part was completed during recent renovations carried out by the General Authority for Tourism and Antiquities.
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6.3 Folklore : Asir, Najran, Jizan and Al-Baha regions The southern region is distinguished by Abha, Khamis Mushayt, Jizan, and Najran in many popular colors such as Al Arda, Al Muasheh, the game of sword and Al-Azzawi, and these arts are all performed at the same time,
each color follows the other with coordinated and successive movements and interesting melodies that indicate pride and enthusiasm, all of which are performed collectively and indicate Cooperation and help. As for the subject of Rizafa, it is performed in Najran where the participants are divided into two opposite rows of equal numbers, and the members of the same class hold together, and in each poet row, and at the beginning of the songs, two of them come out that lead to what is known as the people inside the two rows, and the roles are exchanged regularly, and the accompanying tools are Conventional weapons such as Janabi and shotguns. There is a risk of Zamil being performed in Najran on occasions or when a tribe enters a tribe for an occasion, and this predicament leads to an enthusiasm in wars. The machines used are drums, rifles, pans and swords. Performers of these arts usually wear special clothing and carry weapons that earn prestige and
excitement, and set fire to the field where it is a symbol of courage and generosity. As for the color of the step, it is performed in most of the cities and governorates of Asir collectively and dances in harmony with the drums, and in the hands of the performers daggers and sticks, and there are many colors in this region, and each tribe has its own popular art.
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6.4 Handicrafts as a Tourism Product in south region Saudi Arabia is rich in its cultural heritage of archaeological/historical sites, performances, festivals, handicrafts and other cultural resources. In regard to craftsmanship, these are so many and diverse, although of their weak presence as part of the Saudi Arabia tourism product, these include :
Manufacture of wood : Many craftsmen in the Al-Baha region did not lose sight of the importance of home furniture, as they were interested in making wooden tools such as wooden sleeping chairs »Seats and seat Liters, newspapers, food utensils, and agricultural tools such as the plow of the land as well as wicker
industries that consist of the used tree from the palm tree, and makes from it food preservation tools, springs, carpets, and rugs of various sizes, and fans that are decorated with drawings, decorations, and different colors that It gives it elegance and beauty •
painting wooden furniture, traditional doors
•
tools used in agriculture
•
Making Wooden chairs
•
Manufacture of painted wooden containers with tar.
•
Manufacturing beds and wooden bases King Abdulaziz University - Faculty of Environmental Design - Department of Architecture - AR 600 – FIRST SIMESTER
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Manufacture of clay : Jizan area was famous since ancient times for making traditional pottery, as a group of pottery in the area met the needs of the inhabitants of the region and the neighboring cities of pottery products used in their daily life Although the pottery industry started to decline, due to the conquest of the
region's modern industries, there are still a few practicing this handicraft, and marketing their products in the markets of the local area and on the main roads of the region. Pottery in the Jizan region has a long historical and heritage heritage spanning more than 300 years. . Pottery industries are an important part of the traditional industries in the region, making incense burners, water jars, coffee cups, cups, and utensils that are all used for eating, drinking, and preserving food. And the water The pottery industry is one of the popular industries that are still used to this day, especially what is known as the water jar, and it is the method that is used in the past to cool water by putting it in the yards of homes
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Manufacture of leather products : The leather industry, which is an important handicraft, is prominent in the Al-Baha region, where it makes belts, water closures, and popular dancing tools such as the Sabbath. In which the lead is stuffed, and other leather industries that are usually made in homes.
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Manufacture of Textiles : Men and women clothes in Asir The manufacture of men's and women's clothing depends on the skill of craftsmen who practice embroidery after tailoring clothing to certain sizes. The demand for embroidered clothing increases in public and private social
events that the region is famous for most of the year, in addition to other occasions such as national celebrations, holidays, seasons of marriage and wedding .
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Manufacture of Metal products : • Manufacture of White weapons : • The Janabi and swords is one of the most important crafts and metal industries in the region, as it is one of the oldest weapons that a person used in the courtyard, which is a sharp machine attached to a special handle, and varies according to its price; Some to hundreds of thousands, This type has special specifications known only to the experienced, and it is characterized by silver engravings and decorations, and the uses of the pleura are highlighted in the adherence of men to it from ancient times until today, especially during large occasions and during the performances that the area is famous for besides displaying it in the guest house in the house to show pride in its quality
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silver ornaments
many types of Silver jewelry such as : necklaces, deterrents used in wrist decorations, and the moderator for the upper arm decoration, and the stones, which are thick bracelets, and anklets used to decorate the ankle, and the explanation which is The Used for
decoration chest, Khers Accessories for ear, neck Accessories for throttle and AlmerĂa, a silver discs interspersed with precious stones granules and Northern, bracelets, rings and other jewelry that is made mostly of silver or Zvar or precious stones. iron products Manufacture of iron products related to the agricultural sector
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Manufacture of wool products : Some craftsmen in separate locations in the governorates of the region still weave the wool that is obtained from local raw materials after doing the mowing process, then cleaning and spinning them using the spindle, to be threads wrapped together in a spherical shape, which is then used in various
kinds of textile products such as bags, Bedspreads and covers, in multiple sizes and colors.
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Manufacture of popular sweets : women and some men making popular Eid desserts and delicious Eid sweets, including the clamp, the popular halgoum desserts, the zainab finger, the zambatiyya cakes, the exotic cakes, and some types of homemade biscuits, sugar, spices of cardamom, ginger, and types of municipal
ghee extracted from Cows' milk in addition to crushed nargile, milk, sugar and other products of the local environment. Women start with the launch of the festive signal to compete and race in the work and manufacture of popular feast feasts that are accepted by adults, children and everyone without exception. The candy clamp of the tastiest and the best kinds of popular candy, the most famous and many families are still keen to Hmalnoa industry candy holiday homes and distribute them to children who visit the homes of Eid morning their new clothes and lacy color.
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Manufacture of (khos) products : The manufacture of khos products depends on the availability of raw materials obtained from palm fronds that characterize Bisha Governorate, and often engages in private business for women who manufacture it in homes, then it is displayed in popular markets in the governorates and
villages of the region, and among the most famous private products : Theaters, gouna, mats, gabions, vacuum cleaners, fans and other products that are embellished with graphics that increase the attractiveness of products.
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7.0 AL BAHA
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7.1 Location located in its south western area. Established as an administrative region in Dhu Al-Hijjah 1383 AH Al-Baha city is the capital of Al- Baha region. Total population in 2018 was 487,108 - Ghamid El-Zanad - Al-Mandak - Al-Mahwah - Al-Aqiq - Qalwa - Villages of Bani Hassan - Al Hajrah - Baljurashi
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7.2 Al Baha History • AlBaha before Islam - Al-Baha was the hometown of many rulers of Oman and Iraq. - There are a lot of Hebrew inscriptions in the area and others in Musnad
writings. - A number of ancient Arabic writings on the rocks scattered from mountains and valleys. - The Basus war took place between the tribe of Taghlib Bin Wael and its allies against Bani Shaiban and its allies from tribe of Bakr Bin Wael after Al- Jassas Al Shaibany killed Kolaib Bin Rabea’a Al-Taghliby, and lasted for 40 years.
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• AlBaha In the early Islamic era - Al Baha had the honor of presenting many of prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) companions including: - Abu Dhabian Al Araj - - Malik Ibn Auf
- - Abdul Rahman Bin Sakhr Al - Dossi (Abu Hurairah) - - Al Tufail Bin Amr Al Dossi - - Abu Umaima Al Zahrani the - husband of Abu Bakr Al Seddiq’s - sister. - - Um Aban the wife of Othman - Bin Affan - - Al Hareth Bin Abdullah Al - Dossi , the consultant of Khaled - Bin Al Walid
• AL Baha under Saudi Arabia rule -
King Faisal ordered Al Baha province foundation in 1383 AH.
- Construction of paved roads for all villages. -
Later on Al Baha electricity company was established
-
Prince Hossam Bin Saud Bin Abdelaziz Al Saud is the current
- prince of Al Baha region.
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7.3 Climate - The driest month is June , with 6 mm of rain. In April, the precipitation reaches its peak, with an average of 54 mm.
- July is the warmest month of the year. The temperature in July averages 25.2 C. At 12.4 C on average, January is the coldest month of the year.
- There is a difference of 48 mm of precipitation between the driest and wettest months. The variation in annual temperature is around 12.8 C.
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7.4 Nature - The topography of the region is mostly mountainous (mountains of Al Hijaz) Mountains are covered by Baerar trees.
- There are many types of fruit trees, bushes, forest trees and flowers like,
Kadi, Basil, Jasmin, Rose Hijazi, Al Aqiq and Blackberries.
-
Other plants are planted by inhabitants such as, white corn, Barley, Wheat, and local vegetables such as, Pumpkin, Potatoes, Carrots, Tomatoes and Peppers.
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7.5 Wildlife - Al Baha region is distinguished by its wildlife and its great richness due to its climatic diversity and the unique location between Al Hejaz Mountains and Tihama Plain.
- In the western region there are forests and is one of the largest regions in the kingdom in the number of forests.
- Many shrubs, plants, and thousands of birds and animals.
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Bn roqush palace
7.6 Heritage sites
Thee Ain village Al malad village
Al difair village Al difair village
Bn roqush palace
Thee Ain village
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8.0 AL MALAD VILLAGE (Documentation)
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8.1 Introduction The urban heritage in the AlBaha region represents a continuous historical system that clearly reflects the engine of the civilization development of the Al Baha people through several periods of history. AlMalad Heritage Village is more than 300 years old, and it is one of the historical sites and
evidence that shows lifestyle and living of pepole in Al Baha s former . Although its buildings are characterized by simplicity in appearance, but it has a solid resilience and supremacy, reflecting the boldness and craftsmanship of the human being in choosing the appropriate site for construction and the development of construction in proportion to that phase of time, which brought together the social and security lifestyle together.
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8.2 Location Al-Mulad is a village located in the Al-Surat Mountains, south of Al-Baha city, 3 km on the road to Baljurashi Governorate, about 250 km from Makkah.
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8.3 Site analysis Village boundaries
village boundaries
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Accessibility
village boundaries
Main road
Sub road
Pedestrian
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Land uses
village boundaries
Commercial
Residential
mosque
Defense towers
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Solid and void
village boundaries
Solid
Void
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Building heights
village boundaries Four floors
Tow floors
One floor
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Views from the site
village boundaries
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Shadow
9 AM –Summer
9 AM –Winter
4 PM –Summer
4 PM –Winter
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Buildings condition
Good
Mediocre
Poor
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Plans
• GTOUND FLOOR
• First floor
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8.4 Architectural elements •
Paths :
Pedestrian paths around the site
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•
Openings: :
1- windows: Windows built of decorated wood and a large stone as windowsill.
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2- doors Doors is built of decorated wood and have knockers or doorbells which let people outside can announce their presence and someone open the door for them .
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•
Roofs
roofs are built of wood taken from trees stump and a layer of mud and carry by a wood column called ( AlZafr ).
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•
Building materials:
• • •
Wood Stone -Mud
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•
WALLS
In general, the building material of the walls in the village is stones and is covered with mud mixed with straw, but there are some internal walls built of wood covered with mud, which separates the interior spaces
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9.0 CASE STUDYS
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9.1 Haapsalu Episcopal Castle / KAOS Architects
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design will result in a journey by the walls and within the castle, inviting the guests to take a look at the castle structure and picturesque town of Haapsalu from an unusual vantage point high above, and to experience the medieval environment from another level. The gardens planned for the roof terraces, the path winding along the walls and the elegant pavilion will introduce freshness and provide a contrast to the medievally dark and gloomy exhibition inside the walls. The new modern additions will respect the past and assist present-day people in conceptualising it.
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There is a museum on medieval history in the main castle, through which you can also get to the southern cathedral, first mentioned in writing in 1279. You can visit the courtyard for free, but you have to buy a ticket to get to the museum.
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There is a museum on medieval history in the main castle, through which you can also get to the southern cathedral, first mentioned in writing in 1279. You can visit the courtyard for free, but you have to buy a ticket to get to the museum.
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There is a museum on medieval history in the main castle, through which you can also get to the southern cathedral, first mentioned in writing in 1279. You can visit the courtyard for free, but you have to buy a ticket to get to the museum.
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9.2 Convent de Sant Francesc
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The intervention in the church of the convent of Sant Francesc, located in the Catalan town of Santpedor, was meant to convert the building into a cultural facility. The two phases implemented have allowed the building to be put to use as an auditorium
and
multipurpose
cultural
space. It is expected that in the future, a third stage will allow the upper floors of the chapels (on the south side of the church) to be used as a historical archive.
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The church, due to its very modest construction quality, was in ruins. It bears noting that the roof had sunk, the choir had disappeared, and the vaults of the nave and chapels had partially fallen. The church, from the outside, was only interesting from a historical perspective. The interior of the church, however, showed - despite its dilapidated state - remarkable spatial qualities. Thanks to the sinking roof and crumbling ceiling, the church was surprisingly enhanced by large inflows of natural light. The interior of the church, which originally received virtually no natural light whatsoever, took on a majestic air in the light.
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The renovation of the building has been developed with the goal of differentiating the new elements constructed (using contemporary construction languages)
systems from
the
and original
elements of this historical church. With the aim of preserving all
aspects of the building's past, the intervention
has
not
hidden
traces, wounds or scars. Thus, they
have
remained
visible
depressions, holes where the altarpieces once were, traces of missing elements.
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he set of stairs and ramps built, apart from ensuring access to the upper floors of the church, also define a circular path that runs throughout the whole building, much like a museum’s. This circular route allows you to trace back and revisit the church as a
whole, from distinct points of view.
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The construction and the building methods used have sought to strengthen the church without deleting the signs of deterioration the building has suffered. The intervention has sought to preserve the building's historic legacy by adding new valuesthat enhance it and give this ancient convent a unique, contemporary form.
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9.3 Qasr Al Hosn
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Located in the heart of the UAE capital’s downtown area, Qasr Al Hosn has over the past two centuries been home to the royal family, the seat of government, the consultative council and the national archives, encompassing two iconic buildings including the Inner Fort, which dates back to around 1795, and the Outer Palace, built in the 1940s.
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set to become a cultural destination, visitors will be able to explore four interrelated sections, including the renovated Qasr Al Hosn Fort, Cultural Foundation, the National Consultative Council building, and the House of Artisans, all of which will be open to the public year-round from 7 December, 2018, the Department of Culture and Tourism – Abu Dhabi (DCT Abu Dhabi) announced recently.
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Qasr Al Hosn A new inner fort exhibition follows the history of the site and historic events that took place there through interactive displays, oral histories and original artefacts. Visitors can also explore the Outer Palace constructed by Sheikh Shakhbut bin Sultan Al Nahyan in the 1940s including his personal quarters and the Ruler’s Majlis.
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House of Artisans The House of Artisans is intended to safeguard the artistic relationship between the UAE’s people and its landscape and shared values associated with Emirati identity. It will display traditional crafts of the UAE and host workshops and training courses to help transfer skills such as Talli embroidery, rope-making and khoos weaving them to future generations.
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Cultural Foundation The newly renovated Cultural Foundation will host exhibitions in its Visual Arts Centre including an inaugural display featuring 100 works of the building’s history for UAE artists. A phased reopening is planned from December 7. Additional phases will see a 900-seat theatre and Children’s Library added next year.
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9.4 Conclusion :
•
It is possible to change the function of the architectural spaces of heritage and historical buildings with new uses that appropriate with the historical value of the site
•
it is possible to use a modern architectural elements and create a mix between old and modern
•
New uses and additions to the historic and heritage buildings can be economically beneficial
•
Heritage and historical buildings are suitable as museums or cultural and art galleries
•
The historical value of heritage buildings makes it an attraction point
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10.0 GUIDE LINS AND SUCSASFUL FACTORS
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10.0 GUIDE LINS AND SUCSASFUL FACTORS
•
Theoretical background : Presentation
•
Case studies :
Haapsalu Episcopal Castle / KAOS Architects Convent de Sant Francesc Qasr Al Hosn
•
the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada
•
Design guide for heritage
• criterion in determining quality of the addition.” New Additions to Existing Built Heritage and Their Contributions to Sustainable Development: Cases from Ankara, Turkey Gulsen Disli
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10.1 The Conservation of Historic Places in Canada The Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada is the first-ever pan-Canadian benchmark for heritage conservation practice in this country. It offers results-oriented guidance for sound decision-making when planning for, intervening on and using historic places. This document establishes
a consistent, pan-Canadian set of conservation principles and guidelines that will be useful to anyone with an interest in conserving Canada's historic places.
The Conservation Decision-making Process : 1- Understanding •
Refer to Heritage Value and Character-defining Elements
•
Investigate and Document Condition and Changes
2- PLANING •
Maintain or Select an Appropriate and Sustainable Use
•
Identify Project Requirements
•
Determine the Primary Treatment
•
Review the Standards
•
Follow the Guidelines
3- Intervening •
Undertake the Project Work
•
Carry out Regular Maintenance
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•
The Conservation Treatments
Conservation is the umbrella term in Canada. The conservation treatments of preservation, rehabilitation and restoration fall under conservation. • •
General Standards Additional Standards Relating to Rehabilitation
•
The Guidelines
Preservation Rehabilitation Restoration General Guidelines
Additional Guidelines
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General Standards (for preservation, rehabilitation and restoration) •
Conserve the heritage value of a historic place.
•
Conserve changes to a historic place that, over time, have become character- defining elements in their own right.
•
Conserve heritage value by adopting an approach calling for minimal intervention.
•
Recognize each historic place as a physical record of its time, place and use. Do not create a false sense of historical development by adding elements from other historic places
•
Find a use for a historic place that requires minimal or no change to its character-defining elements . Ferryland
•
Protect and preserve archaeological resources in place.
Additional Standards Relating to Rehabilitation •
Conserve the heritage value and character-defining elements when creating
any new additions to an historic place or any related new construction. Make the new work physically and visually compatible with, subordinate to and distinguishable from the historic place. •
Create any new additions or related new construction so that the essential form and integrity of a historic place will not be impaired if the new work is removed in the future.
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10.2 Design guide for heritage (book) Design processes for heritage
Explore possibilities, synthesise develop ideas .
The design process outlined here aligns with the Burra Charter’s nationally recognized process for managing heritage places. It complements the “understanding”, “policy” and “management” focus of the Burra Charter Process with the stages required for the design of new work described in Better Placed.
CREATE The three overall stages : •
discover
Define, involve, research
This first stage includes defining the intent, requirements, and brief for a project, involving stakeholders and community groups collaborating with experts, and undertaking research and analysis to
DISCOVER
DELIVER
understand the context and identify precedents and impacts. •
create
Explore possibilities, synthesise, develop ideas This stage involves exploring options and possibilities, synthesising different types of information, identifying gaps and opportunities, and developing ideas that respond to the particulars of the project.
•
deliver
Prototype, evaluate, implement
Define, involve research .
Prototype Evaluate implement .
The delivery stage includes testing and evaluating prototypes and techniques, gaining relevant approvals and implementing the design.
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CREATE Explore possibilities, synthesise develop ideas This stage involves exploring options and possibilities, synthesising different types of information, identifying gaps and opportunities, and developing ideas that respond to the particulars of the project. •
H. Design for the context
New design should respond to its heritage context through an informed analysis of the area’s character •
I. Develop a master plan
For large or complex heritage places, or sites to be developed in stages, work should be guided by a master plan. •
J. Maintain relationships between site and setting
Where the relationship between the heritage building and its setting contributes to its significance, this relationship should be preserved or restored and, if possible, enhanced. •
K. Explore how heritage can inspire the new
Fully understanding the significance of a heritage place is a vital part of developing creative design solutions that ensure ongoing use and relevance and minimize negative impacts. •
L. Design new work to read as distinct
One key principle of the Burra Charter is that new insertions and interventions, as distinct from restoration or reconstruction, should be clearly identifiable as new, and should not replicate the heritage fabric.
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•
M. Understand “new work” and reconstruction
The Burra Charter Practice Note – New Work explains: “Whereas new work should be readily identifiable as such, reconstruction should be identifiable on close inspection or through additional interpretation. •
N. Minimise the impact of new work
New design work should have minimal impact on the heritage place. The appropriate extent of new work should be guided by the significance of the place, and will vary according to context. •
O. Think inventively about meeting regulatory obligations
The design team may need to develop non-standard approaches to meet regulatory requirements, such as fire safety, disability access, energy efficiency, security, and occupational health and safety regulations. •
P. Improve environmental performance
Working on heritage buildings and sites can present opportunities to maximise environmental performance and enhance the comfort of occupants. •
Q. Reveal, protect, and interpret significanceR. Provide for reversal and future conservation
Interpretation is a key element in any adaptive project, and should be integrated into the design process at an early stage.
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10.3 New additions (esthetic impression criteria) there are some criteria that should bear in mind in designing new additions. explains the criterion in new additions constituting the esthetic impression as follows : •
“Environmental impact: the historic neighborhood in which the building is located and the building plot affects the location, material, and style of new addition
•
Impact of scale: horizontal and vertical dimensions of the new addition and it impact on human scale and its proportions affect the esthetic factors. Hence, new additions with correct dimensions/scales will not dominate the historic building.
•
Impact of contrast: contrast can be set up by means of material, color, and scale.
•
Impact of mass: selection of form in a new addition affects the sense of massing and builds its compatibility or contrast with the historic building.
•
Impact of the rhythm: while designing new additions, it is possible to use rhythmic adaptation with the historic building by means of repeating the original material, proportion, or component. •
Impact of the material: material selection in new additions is an important
criterion in determining quality of the addition.” New Additions to Existing Built Heritage and Their Contributions to Sustainable Development: Cases from Ankara, Turkey Gulsen Disli
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11.0 DESIRED SITUATION
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11.1 concept
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Concept One of the objectives of the project is to attract tourists and activate domestic tourism, and considering handicrafts as one of the attractions of tourism, so the project aims to develop an environment that brings together craftsmen in the southern region where they can produce crafts, display and
market them in addition to other activities that provide authentic experiences for visitors.
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• The Museum Experience )southern region ) engage visitors, foster deeper understanding and promote the enjoyment and sharing of authentic cultural and natural heritage of southern region .
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• Art exhibits Experience House of art for local artist to show their art work and Exchange their experiences
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• Shopping in craftsmanship area A Bazaar contain diverse craftsmen shops
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• Enjoy a cup of coffee with great nature views Indoor and outdoor Cafe shops
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• quiet relaxation and recreation Moments Resort and spa
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• play zone for children Playground for children
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• Sitting and enjoy the view Green Hills
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Functional Program & Relationships
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Stage 1
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Stage 2
Main road Bazar circulation
Sub road Museum circulation
Gate ( Ent . To site ) Museum ENT.
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Stage 3
Bazar circulation
Shops ENT.
Nodes
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Stage 4
Bazar circulation
Shops ENT.
Nodes
Green hills
Cafe's & restaurants
Admin.
Resort & spa Parking
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11.2 Plans
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6
7
8 5
1
4 1
1
1
12 9 1 1
3
1
3
3
2
10
1
11
10 1 1
Heritage buildings 1
1 1
1
1 Handicraftsmen shop 2 Handcraftsmanship workshop 3 House of art 4 Resort & spa 5 Massage room
6 Saunaa room 7 Yoga room
9 Children playground
Gtond Floor Plan
10 Administration 11 parking 12 café
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5 2
4 5
1 3
Heritage buildings (Southern region museum)
Restaurant 1 show Kitchen 2 kitchen
First Floor Plan
3 butchery 4 storage 5 wc
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11.3 Sections & Elevations
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1 1 1
3
5
4
6
Section A-A
1 2
Section B-B
1 2
3
1 Museum
4 Restaurant
2 House of art
5 Kitchen
3 Handicraftsmen Shop
6 Saunaa
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East Elevation
West Elevation
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North Elevation
South Elevation
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11.4 Perspectives
Elevations
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A perspective showing an external area leading to the entrance to the Art House and another entrance across the stairs to the museum that displays the history and culture of the southern region in addition to a side pass that connects to the entrance to the resort, and the restaurant, and entrance to the children's playground and the bazaar corridor
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Green Hill and fountains where the visitor can sit and enjoy the beautiful natural scenery, and added shops selling handicrafts where its roof is used for seating and viewing, and the stairs in the two towers where the visitor can use it to restore the experience of guarding and observation
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set to become a cultural destination, visitors will be able to explore four interrelated sections, including the renovated Qasr Al Hosn Fort, Cultural Foundation, the National Consultative Council building, and the House of Artisans, all of which will be open to the public year-round from 7 December, 2018, the Department of Culture and Tourism – Abu Dhabi (DCT Abu Dhabi) announced recently.
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Handicraft Corridor where a visitor can buy various handmade products and watch the manufacturer make them
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An internal view of the museum, which displays the history and culture of the southern region
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The resort has a restaurant on the top floor, massage rooms, a sauna and a yoga room on the lower floor
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Interior view of the restaurant with attractive views of the surrounding nature of the site
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Interior view of the sauna room
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12.0 Reference :
•
THE CONVERGENCE PROCESS IN HERITAGE TOURISM
Alexandros Apostolakis University of Portsmouth, UK
•
Architecture and urbanity of tourism
•
د هشام مرتضى. ا
•
Heritage Tourism in the 21st Century: Valued Traditions and New Perspectives
Douglas C. Comer
•
Boyd School of Hotel, Leisure and Tourism, University of Ulster,
Tim Oakes1
•
Perceptions of heritage – a theoretical analysis
GUIDE FOR THE STRUCTURAL REHABILITATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS
Northern Ireland
•
Heritage as Improvement: Cultural Display and Contested Governance in Rural China
Dallen J. Timothy School of Community Resources and Development, PO Box 874703, Arizona State University, Arizona, USA Stephen W.
Tourism and Archaeological Heritage Management at Petra
Silvia Serra
•
توثيق التراث المعماري في منطقة الباحة
Prepared by CIB Commission W023 - WALL STRUCTURES
David Fisher
•
the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada
Senior Lecturer, Lincoln University, New Zealand
•
criterion in determining quality of the
•
Sustainable Tourism Heritage Village – Al-Ula, Saudi
addition.” New Additions to Existing Built
Arabia
Heritage and Their
Contributions to
Hatan A. Alshammaa
Sustainable Development: Cases from Ankara,
•
Turkey
العمارة التراثية في الجنوب
وزارة السياحة
Gulsen Disli
Movie
•
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KQnws08QOSE
