A Sample Report on Organizational Behavior
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 TASK 1 ............................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Different types of organizational structure and culture .........................................................1 1.2 Comparing the structure and culture of two firms ................................................................3 1.3 Factors affecting the individual behavior at work................................................................... 2.2 Organizational theories underpinning the practices of management ....................................5 2.1 Different leadership styles .....................................................................................................6 2.3 Evaluating different approaches to management ..................................................................7 3.1 Impact of different leadership style on motivating ...............................................................7 3.2 Comparing the application of different motivational theories ..............................................8 3.3 Usefulness of motivational theories ......................................................................................8 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................9 REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................10
A Sample Report on Organizational Behavior
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Illustration Index Illustration 1: Functional structure ...................................................................................................4 Illustration 2: Hierarchical organizational structure ........................................................................5
A Sample Report on Organizational Behavior
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INTRODUCTION Organizational behavior can be defined as the study of individual and group performance within the organization. In other words, this study is helpful to examine behavior of humans working in the organization. It focuses on impact of job performance, leadership, motivation, communication, structure, etc (French, Rayner, Rees and Rumbles, 2011). Present report is about Home Retail Group which is one of the leading general merchandise and home retailer, headquartered at UK. This report covers relationship between organizational structure and culture. Further, it covers different approaches to management and leadership. Moreover, it stresses on different ways of using motivational theories in organizations. Lastly, it also includes mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in the organization.
A Sample Report on Organizational Behavior
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COMPANY INTRODUCTION Home Retail Group is one of the leading general merchandise and home retailers. It has Habitat, Homebase and Argos is formed form Home Retail Group. Argos is a leading retailer for multi-channel products. On the other hand, Homebase is leading retail for garden and home products (Home retail group at a glance, 2015). Habitat provides greater choice with contemporary styling with premium quality. In addition to this, they also provide financial services which offer its customers with insurance products and credit facilities. Moreover, they also render online services to their customers (Contact us, 2015). Customers can order their products online and it will be delivered to their door steps. Further, they also conduct research and surveys with the help of which they understand their customer’s needs, requirements and accordingly they provide services which the help of which they satisfy them. They are known to provide quality services. They also understand their employee’s requirements and focus on retaining them (About us, 2015). Firstly, they identify the areas in which their employees and accordingly they provide them with proper training so that they can overcome their weaknesses and it also helps them in enhancing their skills and knowledge. They update their technology frequently because they know the importance of adopting new and improved technology. This is very helpful in retaining their customers and in providing them with better services (Home Retail, 2015). They collect their customers information and accordingly understand them as per their customers need and wants further they also provide them products and services.
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TASK 1 1.1 Different types of organizational structure and culture In order to operate effectively and efficiently it is very essential for the organizations to follow different types of organizational culture and structure. Organizational structure: Organizational structure is very important for the organizations, it is helpful in allocating resources, supervising and coordinating which assist in achieving organizational goals and objectives (Wilson, 2013). In addition to this, it is helpful in determining how the power, responsibilities and roles are divided among the employees in the firm. Mainly firm follow four types of structures which are as follows: Functional structure: According to this structure, the firm is divided into different departments like marketing, finance, HR, operations, etc. All these departments are controlled and managed by the department head and all the department heads are controlled by top most management. For example, Home Retail Group follows this organizational structure in which they divide their firm into different departments. This structure is very helpful in achieving goals and objectives easily. Flat structure: Those organizations where there are less than 30 members, this type of structure are adopted. The member in this type of structure is less so each member has close interaction and decisions are also taken very fast (Jackson and Parry, 2011). Further, members can interact easily with anyone as there is no sequence in flow of information, all member are informed at a time. Geographic structure: When organizations have different offices and unites, then this type of structure is adopted. For example, McDonald has business in different parts of the world and they use this type of organizational structure for better management. Product structure: In this structure, division is done on the basis of product lines. There are firms which provide different kinds of products of services to customers. With the help for this structure, organization is able to operate their functions efficiently. For example, in a small shop divisions may be according to the type of products they sell like general merchandise, sports, housewares, etc. Hierarchical structure: In this type of structure, the information flows from top to bottom or bottom to top. For example, J Sainsbury PLC adopts this structure where all the information Get top quality management assignment help from UK experts of Assignment Desk to score A+ grades.
flows from top to bottom (Saks and Gruman, 2011). The only drawback in this structure is that this process makes the flow of information or decision making slow. Organizational culture: It can be defined as the system of shared values, assumptions and beliefs which are helpful for employees in behaving in a practical manner. Following are the different type of organizational culture which firms can adopt: Role culture: In this culture, all members in the organization are assigned different roles which they have to follow. This is helpful in improving performance as employees are well aware of the job which they have to perform. For example, project management, marketing, legal compliance and sales. Task culture: In order to achieve the desired goals and objectives, teams are made and each of the teams is given different tasks which they have to achieve in the given time. Power culture: Under this culture, leaders have the power to give directions or in making decisions. Leader plays an important role in supporting their members so as to achieve the organizational goals and objectives (Hogg and Terry, 2014). This type of culture is followed by Home Retail Group as they have different departments which are controlled by a leader. This is very helpful in making quick decisions and in understanding the drawback of each member. 1.2 Comparing the structure and culture of two firms Home Retail Group: This organization follows functional structure. As it was discussed above, according to this structure the firm has divided its operations into different departments. All the departments are controlled managed or supervised by a leader. These leaders or manager are very helpful for the employees in using their skills effectively and efficiently.
Get top quality management assignment help from structure UK experts of Assignment Desk to Illustration 1: Functional score A+ grades. (Source: Organizational structure impact, 2013)
Leaders guide their members so that they can understand their roles and responsibilities clearly and organizational goals can be achieved easily. In accordance with the structure, all the operations are divided into departments and this is helpful in accomplishing given tasks on time (Heldman, Cram, 2013). On the other hand, Home Retail Group follows power culture. It was discussed above; this culture gives authorities and power to the leader who is head of the departments. They help their member and give them orders which have to be followed by employees in each department (Hassard and Pym, 2012). This culture is helpful in controlling employees so that they can focus on achieving organizational goals and objectives. J Sainsbury PLC: Hierarchical organizational structure is followed by this firm. According to this structure, J Sainsbury PLC’s decisions flow from top to bottom and are taken by the head. All the important decisions made by the top management are conveyed to employees who work under them.
Illustration 2: Hierarchical organizational structure (Source: 5 types of organizational structure, 2014)
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Through this way, the communication among managers and employees is very effective. In this structure, the employees of the workers are very clear regarding the person to whom they can convey their issues. It is also helpful in recruitment process, J Sainsbury PLC are able to select employees who are highly skilled and knowledgeable. On the other hand, J Sainsbury PLC adopts task culture. In this type of culture, firm has divided their operation into different groups and each of the group is assigned different tasks which they need to complete on the given time (Morgan, 2014). This type of culture is very helpful in achieving desired goals and objectives as they know the goals which make it easy to design the path through which they can achieve it. 1.3 Factors affecting the individual behaviour at work There are many factors which affect individual behaviour at work, few factors are as follows: Communication: In order to develop coordination among the employees, effective communication is very important. It is helpful in maintaining a strong relationship with the employees and in understanding them (Jafri, 2012). When there is lack in communication, then it negatively affects behaviour of the individuals working in the organization. Family and personal life: There are many chances were personal or family life affects the individual behavior. If the personal and family life does work according the expectation of individuals, then this affects the behavior at work. They will not be able to work with full concentration and this may also demotivate them. Management or leadership: Management and leader highly affect the behaviour of organization as they are the one who provide guidance and support to their employees. In addition to this, the main role played by them is to motivate their employees. Motivation is very helpful in enhancing their performance level. In case, the leaders of the management are not supportive, then this would negatively affect performance of the employees as they will not be able to perform with their full efficiency or concentration. Reasons to understanding the individual behavior by managers: Punctuality: Punctuality shows the willingness and dedication of employees towards the organization. It is helpful in knowing the desire and willingness of the employees towards achieving goals and objectives of the organization (Tohidi, 2011). Get top quality management assignment help from UK experts of Assignment Desk to score A+ grades.
Task performance: When management understands skills and qualities of their employees, then they will be able to assign task more effectively. They should know efficiency of each employee and accordingly they should be assigned the task. 2.2 Organizational theories underpinning the practices of management There are many organizational theories which firm can adopt and these theories are very important in underpinning practices of management. Following are the few of the organizational theories: Classical theory
In increasing the efficiency of the firm, it is very helpful as this theory mainly focuses on different concepts. They provide guidelines with the help of which the firm focus on improving employee’s performance level.
Neoclassical theory
This approach understands the individual and group
behavior
and
mainly
focus
on
developing relationships. Modern theory
This is based on a concept that firm is a system which has to adopt change according to modifications which takes place in the environment (Symon and Cassell, 2012).
Fayol's 14 principles
It is a systematic way in which all the responsibilities towards the organization are divided. It is very helpful for the organization to maintain discipline.
The above given theories are very helpful for the firm in underpinning the practices of management. They act like guidelines which help the employees in performing their job more effectively.
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2.1 Different leadership styles There are many types of leadership styles which can be followed by the organizations. Firms select leadership style in accordance with the type of structure and culture they follow. Each and every leadership style has own merits and demerits. Following are the leadership styles followed by J Sainsbury PLC and Home Retail Group: Autocratic leadership style: This type of leadership style is followed by Home Retail Group. According to this style, all the decisions are taken by the top management only. Employees are not involved in the decision making. Employees feel rejected and de-motivated as they are not allowed to take decisions. All the change decisions taken by the top management have to be followed by the workers (Aktaş, Çiçek and Kıyak, 2011). Everyone wants to the free in this context this leadership style is less effective. Democratic leadership style: This leadership style is followed by Sainsbury PLC. According to this leadership style, employees and management both are involved in the decision making. In all the important decision to be taken, management allows employees in making decision making. This is very helpful in motivating workers as they are involved in the decision making process. This style is very helpful in motivating and encouraging the employees working in the organization. 2.3 Evaluating different approaches to management There are many approaches to management which organizations can follow. These approaches are very helpful in organizing and making future plans. Following are the approaches followed by Sainsbury PLC and Home Retail Group: Contingency theory: This management approach is followed by Sainsbury PLC. In this approach in order to manage its organizations in setting up management principles and values there are many universal practical applications (Haslam, Knippenberg, Platow and Ellemers, 2014). Further, organizations are able to select or hire candidates with high skills and knowledge which is very helpful for the organization to grow. Administrative theory: This management approach is followed by Home Retail Group. According to this approach, it includes clear division of labours, formalized administrative structure and delegation of powers. In other words, organization has divided responsibilities, power and roles to different departments; this is very helpful in achieving the desired goals and Get top quality management assignment help from UK experts of Assignment Desk to score A+ grades.
objectives easily. Through this, organizations support their employees for setting up the goals and path through which they can achieve it. 3.1 Impact of different leadership style on motivating As it was discussed above Home Retail Group follows autocratic leadership style. Following are the impact on the organization: Ensuring roles and responsibility: This leadership style is very helpful to ensure all the employee’s roles and responsibilities are effectively followed or not. In addition to this, leaders or managers of the organization ensure that all the tasks given to the department are followed efficiently or not. Ineffective decision making: All the decisions are taken by the top management according to the knowledge and experience mangers possess. There are chances that the decisions made by managers may go wrong (Zolfani, Chen, Rezaeiniya and Tamoťaitienė, 2012). When more and more people are involved, then the risk of making wrong decisions decreases. Moreover, when more people are involved, then decisions can also be taken very quickly. De-motivation: As workers are not involved in decision making, this makes them feel disconnected, de-motivated and neglected by the firm. As a result, it highly affects the performance of the workers. Control over business: This type of leadership styles is adopted in order to ensure that all the business operations are being followed effectively or not. Employees tend to follow the orders given by the managers. 3.2 Comparing the application of different motivational theories There are many motivational theories which firm can follow. Among these motivational theories is Maslow hierarchy of needs theory is the best theory. Home Retail Group follows Maslow needs theory. Comparisons of motivational theories are as follows: Setting up goal: With the help of this theory employees set up goals which are very essential for achieving the organizational goals and objectives. Path can be determined easily when employees set up goals. Thus, this motivational theory is very helpful for the organization in motivating and in achieving the desired goals (Sweetman, Luthans, Avey and Luthans, 2011). Process motivation: In any kind of event or occurrence of scientific research, this theory is used and it is mainly caused by input. Get top quality management assignment help from UK experts of Assignment Desk to score A+ grades.
Theory X and Y: In theory, all the employees are divided into two parts. One who work with full efficiency, who love their job, take responsibility, etc. are categorised into X. On the other hand, employees who do not like their job, do not taker responsibilities, etc. are categorized into Y. This type of theory is very helpful in knowing the employees who work effective and who do not. Training can be effectively arranged according to the areas where they lack.
3.3 Usefulness of motivational theories As it was discussed above Home Retail Group follows Maslow hierarchy of needs theory. In accordance with the theory, following are the usefulness for the managers of Home Retail Group: Maslow's hierarchy of needs is most useful theory which covers all the areas through which employees gets motivated. Usefulness of this theory is as follows: ⚫
Provides the employees with rewards and recognition according to the performance.
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In order to achieve the perfect stage of happiness, this theory is very helpful.
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It is very helpful for the organization in determining the factors which affects employee to be de-motivated or motivated (Westwood and Rhodes, 2013).
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It is helpful in improving the satisfaction level of the employees in performing any job.
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Helpful in enhancing knowledge and skills of the employees.
CONCLUSION From this report, it can be articulated that culture and structure of the organization is very important in giving direction to employees for achieving the organizational goals and objectives. Further, leadership is one of the main factors because of which individual’s behavior is affected. Moreover, Home Retail Group should follow democratic leadership style as all the employees are involved in the decision making process and it is one of the best ways to motivate the employees. In addition to this, Maslow hierarchy of needs theory is the best theory to motivate employees as it covers all the important areas because of which employees gets motivated.
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REFERENCES Books and Journals ⚫
French, R., Rayner, C., Rees, G. and Rumbles, S., 2011. Organizational behavior. John Wiley & Sons.
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Wilson, F.M., 2013. Organizational behavior and work: a critical introduction. Oxford University Press.
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Jackson, B. and Parry, K., 2011. A very short fairly interesting and reasonably cheap book about studying leadership. Sage.
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Saks, A.M. and Gruman, J.A., 2011. Organizational socialization and positive organizational behavior: Implications for theory, research, and practice. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration. 28(1). pp.1426.
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Hogg, M.A. and Terry, D.J. eds., 2014. Social identity processes in organizational contexts. Psychology Press.
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Hassard, J. and Pym, D. eds., 2012. The theory and philosophy of organizations: critical issues and new perspectives. Routledge.
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Jafri, M.H., 2012. Influence of psychological contract breach on organizational citizenship behaviour and trust. Psychological Studies. 57(1). pp.29-36.
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Tohidi, H., 2011. Teamwork productivity & effectiveness in an organization base on rewards, leadership, training, goals, wage, size, motivation, measurement and information technology. Procedia Computer Science. 3. pp.1137-1146.
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Symon, G. and Cassell, C. eds., 2012. Qualitative organizational research: core methods and current challenges. Sage.
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Aktaş, E., Çiçek, I. and Kıyak, M., 2011. The effect of organizational culture on organizational efficiency: The moderating role of organizational environment and CEO values. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 24. pp.1560-1573.
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Haslam, S.A., van Knippenberg, D., Platow, M.J. and Ellemers, N. eds., 2014. Social identity at work: Developing theory for organizational practice. Psychology Press.
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Zolfani, S.H., Chen, I.S., Rezaeiniya, N. and Tamošaitienė, J., 2012. A hybrid MCDM model encompassing AHP and COPRAS-G methods for selecting company supplier in Iran.
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Technological
and
Economic
Development
of
Economy.
18(3).
pp.529-543.
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