A Sample Report on Exploring Theories of Domestic Abuse Exploring Theories of Domestic Abuse To Buy Complete Assignment From Us: Contact Us: Phone No : +44 203 8681 670 Mail Us : help@assignmentdesk.co.uk Website : https://www.assignmentdesk.co.uk
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 3 Exploring theories to explain the cause of domestic violence ................................................... 3 Paul's Behavioural Pattern in an Abusive Relationship ............................................................. 4 Impact of Domestic abuse on Debbie and her Children............................................................. 5 Refuges and Independent domestic violence advocacy (IDVA) to help the victims of Domestic .. 6 Abuse ......................................................................................................................................... 6 Current Legislation such as MARACs , Police Protection orders ............................................. 7 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................... 8 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................... 10
Exploring Theories of Domestic Abuse To Buy Complete Assignment From Us: Contact Us: Phone No : +44 203 8681 670 Mail Us : help@assignmentdesk.co.uk Website : https://www.assignmentdesk.co.uk
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INTRODUCTION Domestic abuse or violence is a form or pattern of behavior that involves physical, mental, emotional or social abuse by one person against another person. Domestic violence involves physical abuse such as acid throwing, marital rape, sexual assaults, bride burning, honor killing, and dowry deaths (Chang, Kahle and Hirsch, 2015). The chance of domestic violence increases when abuser thinks that abuse is acceptable and justified in all sense and it will not be reported to any member of the family. Awareness, reporting of domestic abuse, documentation and perceptions related to violence is different for all the countries. As a result of physical, mental and emotional abuse, the victim is likely to experience physical trauma, acute and chronic health issues, mental instability, financial crises and low ability to maintain healthy relationships. If children reside in house where domestic violence happens, then they are likely to suffer from physiological problems at the initial stages of life such as aggressive and arrogant behavior and indecency (Mackenzie and et.al, 2015). Domestic value is very common in child marriage and forced marriages. This report will focus on different theories which results in domestic abuse at early and later stages of life. It also includes historical developments and variables concerning domestic violence. Further, the study will explore various legislation's and police protection orders to control and decrease the abuse caused at domestic level. Exploring theories to explain the cause of domestic violence Several theories related to domestic violence have emerged in the recent times. All the theories are based on individual perception and psychology, family dysfunction as well as behavioral changes in family members(Butler, 2015). Following theories explains the causes which give rise to domestic violence. It explains different reasons such as gender inequality and lack of control and power. Rights theories: Historically, all the theories related to domestic violence are based on the fact that physical, mental, emotional, economic or social abuse is private and family concern, hence legal authorities and legislation's should not be imposed to control domestic violence (Bradbury�Jones and Broadhurst, 2015). However, current theories suggest that the main cause of domestic violence was to establish power and control over another individual through different ways. It can be through
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abusive threatening or intimidating behavior toward others. Violence against Men and Women Explanations: Although, cases of domestic violence against women in UK is reported less than compared to violence against men, still cases of female abuse are treated very harshly by legal judiciary systems of UK. Physical, sexual and emotional harassment against women is not only considered as a domestic violence but it is also regarded as discrimination against women in the society (Malpass, Sales and Feder, 2015). On other hand, violence against men is considered superficial even if the case is reported to police or the higher authorities. Police assumes that violence by women on her male partner is not very dangerous and do not require any criminal or law assistance. Gender Inequality and Gender norms: Gender inequality and biased gender norms are one of the reasons which promote women inferiority and violence against women by their intimate partners. A hierarchy of powerful masculinity and weak femininity has been established by the society that supports sexual violence and abuse to a greater extent (Salmon, Baird and White, 2015). The gender norms and inequalities should be changed to contribute towards prevention of different types of abuse against women at social, cultural and economic levels. Power and Control Explanations: The casual view of practicing abusive behavior on females’ is to gain power and control over them in a relationship (Dixon and Robb, 2015). In order to seek complete power and control over the other partner, they use different ways of abusing such as physical abuse, dowry harassment, acid attacks, emotional and mental torture, isolation and intimidation (Robinson, Pinchevsky and Guthrie, 2016). Paul's Behavioral Pattern in an Abusive Relationship Domestic abuse by an abuser is usually caused to gain power and control over other partner in a marriage or in a relationship (Smith and et.al. 2015). The abuser thinks that he is liable to control and intimidate his partner to fulfill all the desires. Different behavioral patterns of Paul have been observed on this abusive relationship. These are discussed below. Blaming: Paul blame Debbie for everything that happens in his home. He scolds her and says she is useless mother. Earlier, when Debbie and Paul started living together, Paul used to pay all the rents and bills but soon his behavior changed and he stopped caring about Debbie (Gray, 2015). Impulsivity: Earlier, Paul did not have impulsive nature for his wife and children but gradually his
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behavior changed and he started growing as an impulsive individual. He does not think about the impact and result of domestic abuse against Debbie. Due to this behavior of Paul, Debbie is worried about her children (Stanley and et.al, 2015). Verbal Abuse: Lately, Paul has started abusing Debbie through verbal means. He does not like her parents and friends to visit his house, hence he has stopped Debbie's parents and friends from visiting her weekly. He often threatens her of physical abuse which makes her scared of her partner. Lately, both Paul and Debbie have started drinking heavily because of ongoing stress and tension in the relationship. Their relationship is turning into an abusive relationship. Debbie states that sometimes Paul is caring and protective towards her but very often he turns arrogant and aggressive. Physical Abuse: Paul has also abused Debbie physically by hitting her several times. He does not abuse her in front of their children but all the three children, Mary, John and Mandy have noticed scars and bruises on their mother's body. After seeing the signs of physical abuse, John has started being more protective about his mother. Mary does not wish to stay at home and she remains out of the house very often (Stanley and et.al, 2015). Emotional Violence: Due to abusive relationship of Paul and Debbie, She has also started feeling emotional trauma because of Paul. Further, she has also developed the habit of drinking heavily. Because of excessive intake of alcohol, Debbie is unable to wake up early in the morning for her job. She is now growing emotionally weak and often cries very easily. Debbie also states that she misses her job because she cannot wake up early in morning due to alcohol effects. Impact of Domestic abuse on Debbie and her Children Bad visual images, hearing of unusual sounds and experiencing different forms of physical abuse can lead to severe impact on both parents and children. Some abusive interactions between both the parents of a child can cause invisible bruises which last long in an individual's mind (Smith and et.al. 2015). These subjects of various abuses are responsible enough to develop mental instability in a child's mind. In this section we will address the impact of domestic abuse on Debbie and her three children at emotional level. The consequences of domestic violence also affects parenting and safeguarding of children. Impact of Domestic abuse on Debbie and her Children at Emotional Level. •
All the three children Mary, John and Mandy are exposed to their mother's domestic abuse
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to a greater extent. They often notice Debbie getting assaulted and demeaned by their father Paul which disturbs children's mind very easily (Salmon, Baird and White, 2015). •
They are likely to learn unhealthy lessons after watching violence against Debbie. Eventually they will think women are weak, helpless and incompetent with respect to their father.
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As both the parents have started drinking heavily, children may predict that alcohol consumption is the main reason of domestic violence against their mother (Bradbury‐Jones and Broadhurst, 2015).
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John and Mandy can feel confusion, guilt, anger, frustration and psychological disorders due to physical harm and beatings.
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All the three children can develop common misunderstandings that both Paul and Debbie are involved in fight equally. They think if their mother is not crying she is not hurt or upset.
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They also assume that once the fight between their parent stops, everything will soon get back to normal (Stanley and et.al, 2015).
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The domestic abuse can harm the bond between Debbie and her children to a greater extent. This can lead to changer in parenting style by Debbie towards her children.
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Abuse changes the mental capacity and thinking pattern of both parents and children. Sooner or later Mary, John and Mandy will start thinking that they are the reason behind domestic violence caused to their mother because of improper behavior and misconduct in school (Smith and et.al. 2015).
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Impact of Domestic abuse on Debbie and her Children in Parenting and Safeguarding.
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Debbie is portrayed as unfit and useless mother by Paul which makes her think that she is inadequate parent.
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Due to different abuses she has become impatient and frustrated to create a better and consistent image in front of her children.
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Gradually all the three children have stopped showing respect to her because they think their mother has weak parenting skills (Bradbury‐Jones and Broadhurst, 2015).
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Paul has shaped his image as good and Debbie's image as bad in front of their children
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which has trapped Debbie in a competition to gain loyalty towards Mary, John and Mandy. Refuges and Independent domestic violence advocacy (IDVA) to help the victims of Domestic Abuse The legal system and regulations for the victims of domestic violence can be very frightening and isolating. According to recent reports of domestic violence in UK, it has been reported that only 28% of domestic violence cases are reported for further judicial actions. Rest of the victims do not report the cases due to fear and physical abuse by their partners (Salmon, Baird and White, 2015). The independent female and male refuges and IDVA helps ion safeguarding victims and advocating their clients so that abusers are charged against domestic abuse to their partners. An IDVA can help in following manner. •
They can help in developing safety plans in order to stop the violence in all possible ways.
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The advocacy department can guide and accompany the victim to court or they can also assist in arranging pre-trial visits to the clients.
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The team of independent advocates can provide emotional and mental support to individuals who are at increased risk of domestic abuse.
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It is the duty of IDVA members to support victims to record evidence and write the impact of abuse on victim (Smith and et.al. 2015).
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They can help the clients to increase security and safety at places where they live so that live safely.
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They should contact intermediate social workers to address issues related to child protection and abuse.
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Refuge accommodation can be arranged by IDVA to help the victims in staying there safely.
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In case of greater exposure to domestic violence the individual can be referred to physicians and counselors for counseling sessions and mental health services.
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Many refuges such as Richmond advocacy and Community Outreach Services supports all the victims of domestic violence by providing them confidential, non-judgemental and independent assistance through the legal inquiry and procedures (Bradbury‐Jones and Broadhurst, 2015).
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They encourage an individual to report all the cases of domestic violence so that they can impose strict charges on every abuser who practices physical, emotional, mental, economic and social abuse.
Current Legislation such as MARACs , Police Protection orders There are several legislation's, Acts and police protection orders implemented by government of UK in order to protect and safeguard victims of domestic violence (Smith and et.al. 2015). They help by providing emergency protection so that individuals selects their own space to explore decide regarding safety issues. Domestic and Family Violence Protection Act 2012: The Domestic and Family Violence Protection Act 2012 aims at safeguarding and protecting victims of domestic abuse and violence in an abusive relationship. The Act considers different types of relationships such as formal and informal relationships, family relationships, married relationships and intimate personal relationship between opposite or same genders (Bradbury�Jones and Broadhurst, 2015). The Act includes rigorous imprisonment of three years along with heavy penalties for breaching the orders and rules. Protection of Women against Domestic violence Act 2005:The protection of Women against domestic violence Act was enacted in the year 2005. It was implemented in order to support and provide protection to women from domestic violence. It not only considers physical abuse, it also considers emotional, mental, social and economic humiliation. This Act is primarily meant for the purpose of protection orders and do not provide the authority to penalize the criminal or abuser in any way . Domestic Violence and protection Orders Act 2008:Protection orders 2008 provides a quick and flexible method to obtain legal protection during domestic abuse. For example physical abuse can be handled through physical forces (Smith and et.al. 2015). The protection orders not only provide protection to individuals who have experienced domestic abuse, they also provide assistance to those people who are at greater risk of getting abused. The orders also protect children if they have suffered from any kind of maltreatment or abuse. The Crime and Security Act 2010: Thee Crime and Security Act was incorporated in the year 2010 which contained the power to take DNA samples and fingerprints who has been reported to commit a recordable offense (Crime and Security Act 2010, 2016). These samples from the abuser can be collected even if the individual is not in police custody.
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Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conferences (MARACs): MARAC main purpose is to share all the information in order to enhance the safety service among survivors of domestic violence. They also help in determining whether the abuser poses a risk to any individual in a family (Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC), 2016). They increase the safety and security services for the victims who are at higher risk of domestic violence. Domestic Violence Protection Order (DVPO): A domestic Violence Protection Order ( DVPO) is a judicial order which is applied by police and other authorities developed by Magistrate's Court. The police provides a definite time and date to execute and appear in Magistrate's Court. The Court hears to the petition within 48 hours (What is a Domestic Violence Protection Order (DVPO)?, 2016). If, an individual do not comply to the orders of Court he/she will be penalized with a charge of more than ÂŁ5000 or can be imposed with imprisonment for 2 months.
CONCLUSION The report included a study based on domestic violence in UK. It focused on different theories and explanation which leads to establish domestic abuse and violence in various relationships. Gender inequality, Gain of power and control over the other partner were some reasons which promoted abuses such as physical harassment, sexual assaults, mental torture and emotional instability. Further it also explored the change in behavioral patters of the abuser towards children and other members of a family. Impacts of Domestic violence on children and family members at both emotional and parenting level were also studied. The study also included different legislation's, Acts and laws which are implemented by the government of UK to protect and safeguard all the individuals against domestic abuse.
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REFERENCES Books and Journals ⚫
Chang, E.C., Kahle, E.R. and Hirsch, J.K., 2015. Understanding How Domestic Abuse Is Associated With Greater Depressive Symptoms in a Community Sample of Female Primary Care Patients Does Loss of Belongingness Matter?. Violence against women.
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Mackenzie, M. and et.al., 2015. Intersections and Multiple ‘Candidacies’: Exploring Connections between Two Theoretical Perspectives on Domestic Abuse and Their Implications for Practicing Policy. Social Policy and Society. 14(01). pp.43-62. Butler, T.T., 2015. The Times: Are They a-Changin’? Saudi Law Finally Addresses Domestic Violence with Its Regulation on Protection from Abuse. Iowa Law Review. 100(3). Bradbury‐Jones, C. and Broadhurst, K., 2015. Are we failing to prepare nursing and midwifery students to deal with domestic abuse? Findings from a qualitative study. Journal of advanced nursing. 71(9). pp.2062-2072. Malpass, A., Sales, K. and Feder, G., 2015. Reducing symbolic‐violence in the research encounter: collaborating with a survivor of domestic abuse in a qualitative study in UK primary care. Sociology of Health & Illness. Salmon, D., Baird, K.M. and White, P., 2015. Women's views and experiences of antenatal enquiry for domestic abuse during pregnancy. Health Expectations.18(5). pp.867-878.
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