Technical Notes Onion

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ONION: Its Role in Soil and Water Conservation

Rani G. Kumar, Girish K. Panicker*, and Franklin O. Chukwuma Definition: Originated in Central Asia dating back to 3500 BC, onions (Allium cepa) are shallow rooted, biennial monocots grown as an annual vegetable when desired and as a two-yearly edible-plant when seed production is needed. Initially established in the West Indies by the Spaniards, this crop spread rapidly to other parts of Americas. Botanical historians believe that the first Pilgrims began cultivating bulb onions, from 1648. Rapidly, native Indians assented onion as one of their preferred vegetables, from the colonists. A cool season crop by nature, onion grows on nearly every type of soil, from sandy loams to heavy clays. Its non-perishable quality expands onion’s acceptance as a winter-favored vegetable. Purposes    

To conserve soil and water through the use of vegetation To maintain and/or to improve soil availability, quality, and soil nutrients To suppress weeds, reduce insect pests and diseases, and increase crop yield To improve soil tilth, soil organic matter, and soil structure

Planting: Onion is adapted to a wide range of temperatures and is frost- hardy. Premium onions require cool temperatures throughout early growth and warmer temperatures during maturity. Best production is expressed at temperatures from 55 to 75 degrees F. Long day onions are grown in northern regions of US where 14-16 hours of light is accessible and short day varieties are raised in the southern areas where early summer get 12 hours of light. Also, in the south, onion thrives in the fall, winter, and spring, whereas onions are mainly a spring, summer and fall crop in the north. They can be started from seeds, transplants, sets (bulbs) or seedlings.


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