Farming Scotland Magazine (July - August 2015)

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PUBLISHER/EDITOR Athole Murray Fleming Tel. 01738 639747 E-mail: mail@farmingscotlandmagazine.com

PRODUCTION DIRECTOR Christina Fleming Email: christina@atholedesign.com

ADVERTISING MANAGER Barry Tweed Tel. 01738 550157 Email: barry@farmingscotlandmagazine.com

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ADVERTISING MANAGER Trevor Knights Tel. 01738 447378 Email: trevor.knights@farmingscotlandmagazine.com

COPYRIGHT This publication has been produced and published by ATHOLE DESIGN & PUBLISHING LTD who are the copyright owners. No reproduction, copying, image scanning, storing or recording of any part of this publication without the permission of ATHOLE DESIGN & PUBLISHING LTD. FARMING SCOTLAND MAGAZINE is designed, produced and published by Athole Design & Publishing Ltd., Tolastadh, 18 Corsie Drive, Kinnoull, Perth, Scotland PH2 7BU. Tel. 01738 639747

ISSN: 2041â&#x20AC;&#x201C;918X

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Politics & farming

By John Cameron Balbuthie, Kilconquhar, Fife So, the UK General election is now over and it looks likely we will have a Conservative Government for the next parliamentary term.

One of the most interesting developments was the election of over 50 Scottish National members of Parliament to represent all of Scotland with only three exceptions.

The Smith Commissionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s proposals for Scotlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economy as a whole will eventually be agreed after much discussion. But what are the more immediate implications for the Scottish Agricultural Industry of having such a strong S.N.P presence in Westminster? One of the changes which I hope for will be the opportunity for our Cabinet Secretary for Agriculture â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Richard Lochhead to have more involvement in the Agricultural Councilâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s meetings in Brussels.

It can be said that Lochhead has now truly served his agricultural apprenticeship.

He has now served for 8 years and has seen 4 or 5 Defra Ministers come and go but is rarely given the opportunity to take the lead in the agricultural debates notwithstanding his long experience. Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hope that Defra now takes the new situation in Westminster into account and allocates our Cabinet Secretary a more meaningful role than hitherto.

Secondly when it comes to the reappraisal of the Convergence Fund â&#x20AC;&#x201C; which

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was awarded to the UK by Brussels to average out the levels of S.F.P in the UK and which was rightly clearly intended to increase payments in Scotland which are the lowest in the UK â&#x20AC;&#x201C; letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hope the new Scottish influence in Westminster will persuade the Defra Minister that on this matter he must â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;think againâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;!

The other pressing matter for the Scottish Livestock Industry â&#x20AC;&#x201C; through QMS â&#x20AC;&#x201C; is the repatriation of the lamb levy which presently ends up with Eblex in respect of the Scottish lambs which are slaughtered in England and Wales. The numbers of these lambs is clearly established and the level of levy lost to QMS has been accurately calculated. It now requires some political pressure to get it back to QMS Scotland, - its rightful home!

Finally talking about QMS â&#x20AC;&#x201C; with the present levels of wholesale prices in the red meat sector we must be getting close to a point where QMS should perhaps consider the introduction of at least a temporary additional allocation of resource for an immediate supplementary promotional campaign.

No one is more experienced in running promotional campaigns than QMS and importantly it would also let our new SNP members in Westminster see that Scottish Agriculture is capable of spending its money wisely!

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JYVM[PUN ;OL *YVM[PUN *LUZ\Z By Patrick Krause , Chief Executive, Scottish Crofting Federation

The Crofting Commission issued some of the headline figures from the crofting census showing that by far the majority of the responders say they are living on (or near) and are using their crofts, within the definitions laid out by law.

I think this is a very good result. It was also heartening to see that crofts are still mainly used for traditional practices such as livestock rearing and growing food, with some interesting diversification into tourist accommodation and provision of leisure facilities. The SCF has always been of the opinion that crofts need to be used and that any use that does not damage the croft (or those of neighbours) is good use, as the important thing about the croft is that it gives the ability for people to survive in difficult conditions.

The newly-formed SCF Young Crofters branch recently met with the minister for crofting, Dr

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Aileen McLeod, to let her know their main concerns for the future of crofting.

Top of their list was the need to access land. There are many young people who want to croft but canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t get any land to do so.

In this context, the census figures reveal some interesting facts. Nearly 2,500 people who have control of crofts did not respond. Who are these people? Why are they not responding? Why are they holding on to crofts? And of those who did respond, over 400 say they are not using their crofts and over 1,800 say they donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t live on (or near) the croft.

The SCF has renewed its call to create new crofts.

Whilst there is a need for some more crofts â&#x20AC;&#x201C; within the existing crofting areas and ultimately anywhere else in Scotland - it is also true that we need to get all the existing crofts occupied and working. Young folk can help with this, given the chance.

www.crofting.org 15

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Stornoway Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market kennylhhp@btopenworld.com

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Send to: Farming Scotland Magazine, Tolastadh, 18 Corsie Drive, Perth, PH2 7BU

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DEALERS KEY (Participating Dealers in this feature) CLAAS Sellar Agriculture www.sellar.co.uk Newbridge : 0131 333 2970 Perth : 01738 620549 Cupar : 01334 658210 Letham : 01307 818545 Huntly : -01466 792165 Forres : 01309 676708 Old Meldrum : 01651 872891 W & A Geddes Wick : 01955 602207 Brora : 01408 621220

DEUTZ FAHR Mark Garrick Tractors www.markgarricktractors. co.uk Elgin : 01343 551637 Wilks Brothers Murthly : 01738 710381

JOHN DEERE DKR Agricultural Services www.jd-dealer.co.uk/dkagri Biggar : 01899 220897

MASSEY FERGUSON Balgownie Ltd www.balgownieltd.co.uk Inverurie : 01467 621493

NEW HOLLAND Agricar www.agricar.co.uk Forfar : 01307 462281 Perth : 01738 583249 Laurencekirk : 01561 378888 Dundonald : 01563 851900 Stirling : 01786 430970

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Lloyds www.lloyd.ltd.uk Dumfries : 01387 720461 Kelso : 01573 227400 Ravenhill www.ravenhill.co.uk Aberdeen : 01224 772577 Dingwall : 01349 863555 Elgin : 01343 541121 Maud : 01771 613246 Turriff : 01888 563561

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The Scottish Dairy Brand ,< 5,>:

Scottish farmers hope for simple CAP system 6FRWWLVK IDUPHUV VKRXOG EH DEOH WR EUHDWKH D VLJK RI UHOLHI LI WDONV LQ %UXVVHOV KDYH WKH GHVLUHG HIIHFW RI VLPSOLI\LQJ WKH &RPPRQ $JULFXOWXUDO 3ROLF\ (8 )DUP 0LQLVWHUV PHW RQ 0D\ WR GLVFXVV PHWKRGV RI PDNLQJ WKH &$3 HDVLHU WR XQGHUVWDQG DQG HDVLHU WR PDQDJH 7KH JRDO RI WKH WDONV ZDV DOVR WR GHEDWH PHWKRGV RI FXWWLQJ UHG WDSH LQ WKH (8¡V RUJDQLF VHFWRU )DUPLQJ OREE\ JURXS &RSD &RJHFD ZHOFRPHG WKH WDONV EXW ZDUQHG XUJHQW DFWLRQ ZDV YLWDO WR FXW UHG WDSH DQG HDVH WKH GUDFRQLDQ SHQDOWLHV LPSRVHG RQ IDUPHUV DQG WKHLU FRRSHUDWLYHV ,Q D KLJK OHYHO PHHWLQJ ZLWK WKH /DWYLDQ 3UHVLGHQF\ &RSD 3UHVLGHQW $OEHUW -DQ 0DDW VDLG ´:H DUH YHU\ DQ[LRXV WR VHH FRQFUHWH LQLWLDWLYHV LQWURGXFHG WR VLPSOLI\ IDUPHUV ZRUN DV VRRQ DV SRVVLEOH ´:LWKRXW WKLV LQQRYDWLRQ DQG FRPSHWLWLYHQHVV LV MHRSDUGLVHG ´,W LV XQDFFHSWDEOH WR WDNH XS WR SHU FHQW RI IDUPHUV JUHHQLQJ SD\PHQWV LQ ZKHQ WKH UXOHV DUH VWLOO XQFOHDU DQG WKH HUURUV UHODWH WR GHOD\V LQ DGYLFH PDGH E\ WKH ORFDO DXWKRULWLHV *RLQJ EH\RQG WKH SHU FHQW SD\PHQW FXW LV DOVR XQDFFHSWDEOH LQ Âľ 0RDW DOVR VWUHVVHG WKDW VLPSOLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ PXVW QRW UHVXOW LQ IXQGDPHQWDO FKDQJHV WR WKH EDVLF DFW DQG UXOHV XQGHU WKH QHZ &$3 ZKLFK WKH (8 DJUHHG XQWLO WR JLYH IDUPHUV VRPH VWDELOLW\ DQG HQDEOH WKHP WR SODQ DKHDG +H ZHQW RQ WR FDOO IRU D OHYHO SOD\LQJ Ă&#x20AC;HOG DFURVV WKH (8 ZDUQLQJ WKDW KH KDV VHULRXV FRQFHUQV DERXW WKH ZD\ LQ ZKLFK WKH QHZ UXOHV DUH EHLQJ LPSOHPHQWHG LQ VRPH FRXQWULHV :LWK RQO\ RXW RI (8 UXUDO GHYHORSPHQW SURJUDPPHV DSSURYHG KH XUJHG WKH (8 WR DFFHOHUDWH DSSURYDO RI WKH UHPDLQLQJ QDWLRQDO UXUDO GHYHORSPHQW SURJUDPPHV

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www.farmingscotlandmagazine.com

By Richard Lochhead Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs, Food and the Environment I am delighted that the Scottish Dairy Brand has been introduced, following this yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hugely successful Royal Highland Show.

The Scottish Dairy Brand will act as a platform for retailers and overseas buyers to boost the profile of Scottish dairy produce.

Here in Scotland we produce some of the very best cheese, butter and other dairy products around. I want to make it easier for consumers to choose Scottish products first â&#x20AC;&#x201C; providing much needed support to local farmers and boosting the Scottish economy. I also want to help our dairy farmers capitalise on the proud reputation of Scottish food and drink, and access more export opportunities.

Food and drink export in Scotland is booming â&#x20AC;&#x201C; valued at more than ÂŁ5.1 billion in 2014. People recognise the Scottish brand, they associate the country with quality food and drink and so it is my vision that establishing a dairy brand will help consumers recognise the Scottish option, and promote Scottish produce to overseas buyers. I want to put the spotlight firmly on our fantastic produce for retailers

in Scotland and buyers from around the globe.

The support doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t end at the Dairy Brand. Our recently published, 25-point, Dairy Action Plan aims to put the dairy sector in Scotland on the same platform as Scotch Beef, salmon and whisky, delivering long-term sustainability and helping to shield it from the global volatility.

The dairy sector is vital to Scotlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s farming and food industry, and the wider rural economy. We have 900 dairy farms, with 2000 processing employees, which generate well over ÂŁ400 million of output â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 15 per cent of our total farming productivity. This sectorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s future is of real importance to Scotland.

That is why the Scottish Government is doing all it can to support our dairy farmers â&#x20AC;&#x201C; including providing additional funding support to dairy farmers on Bute, and agreeing to provide funding of ÂŁ400,000 to Campbeltown Creamery.

I want to assure farmers weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re doing everything we can to help them through the recent deductions in milk prices globally, and I hope our newly established Scottish Dairy Brand will play a bit part in that.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

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Texacloth is buying in Scotland this year for the 22nd year, and we pay in full on the day for good clean wool.

Introducing electronic payment.

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Rebecca Audsley, Senior Consultant, SAC Consulting.

Could you get more value out of muck and slurry on the farm? Could it be worth more than you think?

Planned, timely applications of slurry and manure could lead to savings on the fertiliser bill, along with additional benefits to soils and crops. Manures bring a valuable source of organic matter which can help farm soils become more resilient to drought, give better water holding capacity and improve structural stability, as well as benefit soil biological activity.

So what could muck and slurry be worth in terms of nutrient value? Based on the figures in the table, one 10m3 load of muck could have a nutrient value in the region of ÂŁ77, with 10m3 of cattle slurry at around ÂŁ30 to ÂŁ40. This can soon add up when you consider just how many loads you spread.

Actual values will differ depending on things like type and diet of livestock,

bedding and dry matter (DM) content, so its wise to get a couple of samples tested per year. Timing of applications will also influence nutrient availability; applications made while the crop is actively growing during the early spring to summer period will make the most of the available nutrients.

Along with a significant nutrient content, muck and slurry also has the potential to cause pollution issues. With the Diffuse Pollution General Binding Rules (DP GBRâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s) now in place, remember to keep at least 10m back from a watercourse when spreading slurry or manure.

There is more detailed information in SAC Technical Notes TN650 and TN652, available to download from the SRUC website.

For more information on other practical measures to improve farm efficiency, see www. farmingforabetterclimate. org Find us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter @ SACfarm4climate.

Table 1 - The NPK content and financial value of some typical cattle manures

Financial values based on AN @ ÂŁ325/t (94 p/kg N), TSP @ ÂŁ360/t (78p/kg P2O5), MoP @ ÂŁ350/t (58p/kg K2O). Table adapted from SRUC Technical Note TN652 Fertiliser Recommendations for Grassland.

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For more information visit: calibrateenergy.co.uk or call: 01665 578 638

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Biomass Heating - The importance of efficiency

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Innovative farming technology offers a breakthrough in small scale AD 'DLU\ IDUPHU 'DYLG )LQOD\ LV OHDGLQJ WKH ZD\ LQ ORZ LQSXW IDUPLQJ V\VWHPV KDYLQJ FUHDWHG WKH 8.·V ÀUVW NZ 0LFUR $QDHURELF 'LJHVWHU $' RQ KLV GDLU\ IDUP 7KH )LQOD\V· ZKR IDUP DW 5DLQWRQ )DUP QHDU &DVWOH 'RXJODV KDYH EHHQ H[SORULQJ ZD\V RI WDNLQJ FRQWURO RI WKHLU FRVWV RI IHHG IXHO DQG IHUWLOLVHUV LQ WKHVH WLPHV RI LQFUHDVHG SULFH YRODWLOLW\ 7KH $' LV D PDMRU SDUW LQ WKLV V\VWHP )HG ZLWK MXVW VOXUU\ DQG JUDVV WRSSLQJV WKH 0LFUR $' SURGXFHV DQ RUJDQLF IHUWLOLVHU ZLWK D GU\ PDWWHU FRQWHQW IRU XVH RQ WKH IDUP 7KH GLJHVWHU LV DOVR FRQQHFWHG WR WKH QDWLRQDO JULG VR IXUWKHU EHQHÀWV 5DLQWRQ WKURXJK JHQHUDWLQJ PRUH WKDQ HQRXJK HOHFWULFLW\ DQG KRW ZDWHU WR VXVWDLQ WKH IDUP·V RSHUDWLRQV UHVXOWLQJ LQ D PRUH VHOI UHOLDQW DQG VXVWDLQDEOH EXVLQHVV

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livestock A Weighty Problem Solved QMS Launches Free Sward Stick to Monitor Optimal Grass production

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With more livestock farmers becoming aware of the potential to improve their profitability through improved grass management, Quality Meat Scotland (QMS) has produced a new tool to help farmers monitor grass growth.

The new QMS sward stick, which is available to farmers free of charge, is aimed at making the job of measuring grass in the pursuit of optimum production as straightforward as possible.

Michael Blanche, who works in the QMS Industry Development team and also farms in Perthshire, worked on the development of the new sward stick.

He explained: â&#x20AC;&#x153;At its most basic, it is a tool which enables farmers to ensure grass is at its optimum grazing length for sheep (4cm to 8cm) and cattle (4cm to 10cm.)â&#x20AC;? â&#x20AC;&#x153;However, the kilograms of dry matter per hectare (kgDM/Ha) scale can provide significantly more information â&#x20AC;&#x201C; including how quantities vary over the season, growth rate, average covers in a rotation and the ability to do feed budgets for your grass.â&#x20AC;?

â&#x20AC;&#x153;This opens the door to much greater precision in grazing management, giving the potential to increase stocking rates or reduce inputs, improving kg/ha of meat and profitability.â&#x20AC;?

The stick comes in two parts, including a small plastic board which slightly compresses the grass and helps provide a more consistent, accurate measurement.

Grass is a resource which, said Mr Blanche, is too often not utilised to its full potential on livestock farms. He pointed out that it can be the best and cheapest feed or expensive and poor quality, depending on how it is managed. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The best grazing managers know how to keep quality and keep it a cheap feed and most of them measure their grass,â&#x20AC;? he said.

A short video has also been made by QMS to demonstrate use of the sward sticks and can be viewed at www. qmscotland.co.uk. Farmers can order a free sward stick from QMS by emailing info@qmscotland.co.uk or calling 0131 472 4040.

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Certain adverts have made us all very familiar with the Meerkat. This member of the Mongoose family is well known for its group behaviour where one member is on sentry duty, standing up on its hind legs keeping a look out for trouble while the rest of the group forage for food. You could say that the SAC Veterinary Investigation labs perform the same function â&#x20AC;&#x201C; veterinary disease surveillance â&#x20AC;&#x201C; looking out for new diseases or unexplained problems and also keeping an eye on levels of known problems on behalf of livestock owners.

They act as a central point where reports can be collated and national trends flagged up. The review of current arrangements for vet surveillance after the Kinnaird Report of four years ago means that some VI labs are under threat of closure. It looks like the Inverness lab is in the firing line. So with less Meerkats on sentry duty will we spot every danger?

There is of course a wealth of knowledge of what diseases or problems are active, amongst vet

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practices across the country and hopefully that can be tapped into.

So what are we seeing up here in Orkney? The use of vaccines has been successful in reducing diseases we can vaccinate against which has meant we are now left with the more troublesome and difficult to treat diseases. For example we see much less rotavirus scours and E.Coli than we once did, but are left struggling with the scourge of cryptosporidia scours.

Similarly with pneumonia, Mycoplasma seems to be causing more problems especially in very young calves.

Some problems are less easy to diagnose â&#x20AC;&#x201C; lazy beef cows at calving, uterine inertia of some sort, but due to Selenium / Vit E deficiency, sub acute milk fever, or mycotoxins? The diagnosis can vary farm to farm and often is a combination of factors.

The success and safety of Meerkat colonies depends on good communication and keeping enough sentries on duty. Farming is no different.

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DEALERS KEY (Participating Dealers in this feature) CLAAS W & A Geddes Wick : 01955 602207 Brora : 01408 621220 DIECI JMS Equipment www.jmsequipment.co.uk Turriff : 01888 563188 Reid Hydraulic Services www.rhs.uk.com Arbroath : 01674 820224 64

MANITOU Lloyds www.lloyd.ltd.uk Dumfries : 01387 720461 Kelso : 01573 227400 Ness Plant www.nessplant.co.uk Brechin : 01356 626113 Kinross : 01577 862543 Reid Hydraulic Services www.rhs.uk.com Arbroath : 01674 820224

W & A Geddes Wick : 01955 602207 Brora : 01408 621220

MERLO Ramsey & Jackson www.ramjack.co.uk Mauchline : 01290 550329

Ravenhill www.ravenhill.co.uk Aberdeen : 01224 772577

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Dingwall : 01349 863555 Elgin : 01343 541121 Maud : 01771 613246 Turriff : 01888 563561

AFBI Research Provides New Tools to Predict Grass Feeding Value

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dairy

This time of the year is one of the best in the farming cycle.

By NFU Scotland Director of Policy, Jonnie Hall

More than a year has flown by since Cabinet Secretary Richard Lochhead stood up in the Scottish Parliament and, after four years of European and domestic deliberation and negotiation, set out Scotlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s CAP package in about fifteen minutes. And NFU Scotlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s influence was clear for all to see.

In a moment, it was very apparent what Scotland was going to do. But in the next, there was stark realisation that making this all happen effectively in practice would be a much greater challenge.

Since June 2014, NFU Scotland has worked continuously and tirelessly with Scottish Government to try to piece together what was always going to be a complex range of support measures that continue to be mired in regulatory requirements.

There is no doubt that Scotlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s very complex farming landscape demanded a complex package of direct support measures. A simple but blunt approach would have been disastrous for Scotlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s far from uniform agricultural industry. The flexibilities won a year ago were needed to help target a limited budget across a vast range of farming interests and enterprises that span a complete agricultural landscape that also includes a huge area of less productive rough grazing.

Scotlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s farming diversity is its strength. It covers everything from soft fruits, vegetables, potatoes and combinable crops to

intensive grassland producing the best beef, milk and lamb, and uplands and hill grazing that underpin livestock systems. All stitched together through interdependent farming systems, enterprises and businesses.

But when it comes to shifting from the historic production-based Single Farm Payments Scheme (SFPS) to the new land-based Basic Payment Scheme (BPS), together with the new concepts of greening payments, young farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; top-ups, etc., then Scotlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s farming tapestry will also ensure a significant shift in where support payments end up.

That challenge is compounded further by the blunt fact that there is just less money in the CAP budget from 2014 to 2020. The fallout from the shift to area-based payments was always going to be difficult. Having less money as well just makes it all the more brutal.

So where are we right now? By the time you read this, a further major milestone will have passed with the closure of the extended SAF deadline on 15 June.

The complex new CAP regime always meant a new and expensive IT system, riddled with teething troubles that merited a month long extension and took this yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s SAF process right down to the wire. Like or loathe it, if payments are to be made as close to the window opening on 1 December, we all need a system that is just about fit for purpose. Right now, that is just about what Scotlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s got.

We can all criticise policy choices, whether they be NFU Scotlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s or those of Scottish Government. But the endeavours of both in giving everything to try to make the new CAP work for Scottish agriculture have gone above and beyond.

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sheep New branding fluid proven in Sheep Farmers Deserve on-farm trials Recognition for Dedication, Commitment and Skills

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Protecting our sheep Mamie Paterson, Upper Auchenlay, Dunblane No matter the time of year thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nothing worse than finding that your flock has been subjected to the trauma of dog-worrying.

The sight of terrified sheep, some with flesh hanging off exposed bone, or eyes dangling from the socket, is sickening, as is the inevitable need to put down badly injured animals to end their suffering. It has always been a problem and it seems to be getting worse. Greater numbers of urban-dwellers are moving to the sticks in search of a better lifestyle, and the countryside has never been more popular for leisure activities and holidays, which bring increasing numbers of dogs, most of which, it has to be said, are well-behaved and well-controlled .

At the same time, quad bikes have replaced sheep dogs on many farms where the sheep are no longer accustomed to the sight of a dog. It is often the

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case that a flock of sheep may be panicked just by the sudden appearance of a dog in their field. While this might not be sheepworrying of the worst kind, if itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s close to lambing, it can lead to ewes aborting their lambs.

As ever, the only hope lies in educating the public, not just about responsible dog ownership, but also about the nature of the farm animals. Sheep are easily frightened and disturbing them at lambing time is to be avoided at all costs. Cows with young calves at foot take a very dim view indeed of any dog and will attempt to kill it. Unfortunately it is often the owner who becomes the target while the dog escapes unscathed.

The National Sheep Association is campaigning to raise awareness of the damage that dogs can cause to farm animals, but as ever, much more remains to be done.

73

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77

estate

Bumble bee concerns

Photo by Tom Birkett

By Katrina Candy

THE decline in Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s bumblebee population has been well documented, not least in the volumes of research papers produced by Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust scientists.

We know that some species have become extinct in recent decades and that the range of others has reduced, so how can land managers help boost the bumblebeeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s chances?

Flower-rich habitats are essential and there is plenty of evidence that areas of the farm planted with good bumblebee plants are utilised for the gathering of nectar and pollen but until now there has been little evidence that this helps increase the size of bumblebee populations on farms providing such resources.

A recent study, supported

by GWCT showed that the density of bumblebee nests was almost twice as high on farms with floristically enhanced habitats and three-times greater for the garden bumblebee (Bombus hortorum). This habitat, did not, however, increase the overall diversity of wild bees, of which 104 species were found in total, and the rarer species were seldom found.

The study revealed that bees visited 124 plant species. Just over half of bumblebee nectar visits

were to black knapweed, with 20% of pollen visits to birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s-foot trefoil. Other popular forage plants were clovers, spear thistle, hege woundwort, lesser burdock, white dead-nettle and wild teasel. For other wild bees, such as the solitary bees, black knapweed was also the most popular, but flowers with more open structures such as catsear, ox-eye daisy and fleabane were also used.

Many of these species are not included in commercial wild flower mixes, which underlines the importance of protecting the hedge and woodland edge, where they naturally occur, from fertiliser and herbicide drift.

In the uplands, heather moorland is also hugely beneficial for bumblebees.

Indeed, the Bilberry bumblebee (Bombus monticola) is found only in bilberry-rich moorlands.

The heath bumblebee (Bombus jonellus) is also found in this environment which provides a nectar source late into the summer months and dense patches of heather provide an excellent shelter in inclement weather.

By sensitively managing our landscapes to be beefriendly, we can benefit these creatures which are key to maintaining Britainsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; biodiversity.

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estate Award winning estate opens its gates

On the Peg

by Linda Mellor

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The 2015/16 shooting season sees Mark Ancliff going into his 31st year as the head gamekeeper on Fasque estate, Aberdeenshire. Mark and his team of 3 keepers look after the 20,000 acre estate with 10,000 acres of the hill and 10,000 of low ground. The estate provides grouse, partridge and pheasant shoot days from 12th August through to 1st February. â&#x20AC;&#x153;It is a busy time of year for usâ&#x20AC;? said Mark. This year is a little different to others as Mark's diary is filling up with lots of forward bookings due to nearby shoots closing down. With oil prices diving, companies are no longer booking the shoot days they once did, and as a result, many shoots have struggled and had to lay off staff. â&#x20AC;&#x153;It has been good for Fasque, we do everything we can to accommodate groups looking for dates; we shoot through the full season, starting with grouse in August ending in February with partridge and pheasant.â&#x20AC;?

â&#x20AC;&#x153;We have been able to do a good lot of heather burning of both young and old plants. The heather on Fasque grows very quickly, the old heather comes back from the seed and the younger plant comes from the root. We have covered a lot of ground this year and the hill is looking great. A good indication things are going well is seeing the grouse in areas previously uninhabited by the birds.â&#x20AC;? â&#x20AC;&#x153;We are out daily catching stoats and foxes however ravens are proving to be very problematic, their numbers are increasing year on year. They are killing the white hares so gas guns have been placed on the hill to deter them.

One neighbouring estate is using mannequins in the hope of scaring the ravens but they get used to them very quickly.â&#x20AC;?

Mark adds, â&#x20AC;&#x153;We had an excellent season last year and it is shaping up very well for starting on the grouse in August.â&#x20AC;?

estate Benelli SPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Auto Championships 2015

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The

Scottish

fishing

salmon

industry

decline.

in

is like.

salmon

Salmon

numbers are lower than

challenges;

ever. Anglers are flying to

by nets and on the menu

foreign fishing locations

of many predators in the

and who can blame them;

rivers and out at sea.

a fruitful day's fishing is a

Extermination

thing of the past as salmon

based

numbers continue to fall.

as

Ghillies and anglers have

can only be conducted

become masters of spin,

via

taking the merest hint of

by

promise and converting

Heritage.

it

into

Wild

is

a truly great day's fishing

fresh

optimism,

have

many

still

caught

of

river

predators

such

seals

and

sawbills

licences

issued

Scottish The

National

river

habitat

wrapping it up with the

has never been better.

eternal hope that fish will

Salmon are very sensitive

suddenly

to pollution and thrive in

materialise

in

vast numbers and provide

cool, clean water.

a good day's sport for

river environments have

all. The majority of beat

been

owners do very little but sit

improved and are now

back with the expectation

seeing salmon for the very

money

first time.

will

continue

to come in from their dwindling businesses.

The

cleaned

up

new

Many and

challenge

salmon have to face is

Relaxing days spent on

global warming. Experts

the river can be infrequent

are citing global warming

as landing a fish or two

as the main culprit for the

is becoming harder than

decline in numbers. Sea

ever to achieve. Thirty or

temperatures

forty years ago you would

forcing the salmon, who

have

a

spend a year or two out

river

at sea, to swim further

certain in the knowledge

north in search of cooler

of landing a number of

temperatures and food.

fine

surely day

on

enjoyed the

fish. Nowadays, if you are

This

are

should

rising

concern

thirty years old or younger

Scotland, both environmentally

you may never know what

and economically.

80

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www.farmingscotlandmagazine.com

81

estate Land reform

Voluntary Registration of Farms in the Land Register of Scotland

By David Johnstone Chairman of Scottish Land & Estates As we progress towards the introduction of a land reform bill, all eyes will be on what legislation will mean for Scottish agriculture.

It seems inevitable that agricultural holdings legislation will be rolled into the wider land reform bill, which is expected to be introduced to parliament prior to the summer recess.

We remain firm in our view that agricultural holdings remains too important a concern to be an addendum to land reform, and should be given its own legislative slot. We agree with the Agricultural Holdings Review group that the measures should be progressed as a complete package, and do not believe that this will be achieved within the next 9 months.

The aims of land reform â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and the wide ranging measures that need to be introduced to strengthen our tenant farming sector â&#x20AC;&#x201C; are two very separate issues.

As we have seen discussed on many occasions, not least when the review of agricultural holdings was published in January, the actions required to ensure a vibrant and thriving let sector are often highly complex and technical. Despite the work of the review group, there is still much work to be done to ensure we make the correct decisions for both the current and next generation of farmers.

However, we can be proud of the discussions that have taken place so far, and the willingness of groups within the industry to come together in a spirit of collaboration for the good of the tenanted sector.

One move that should help to boost these deliberations is the appointment of an independent advisor on tenant farming prior to the creation of a Tenant Farming Commissioner.

Scottish Land & Estates has long supported the proposal to create such a role in order to enhance landlord/tenant relationships. While the vast majority of landlords and tenants get on well, it is important that relationships work and are constructive across the board and that steps are taken to address the small minority of cases where relationships have broken down.

Andrew Thin, who has been appointed as the interim independent advisor, is well placed to take on the role of Interim Advisor because of his prior experience in senior positions in public life and because of the in-depth insight into the tenancy sector he gained during the review process. We look forward to working constructively with him in the coming months â&#x20AC;&#x201C; his role is a vital one that the whole industry should get behind.

For more information www.scottishlandandestates.co.uk Telephone : 0131 653 5400 82

Alistair Rushworth, Senior Solicitor, Turcan Connel

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BRITISH riders head the leader boards in all three Olympic disciplines in the latest FEI world rankings.

Scottish rider Scott Brash has retained his position as world number one for the second month in showjumping. He has won some strong classes recently, including dual victory at the Longines Global Champions Tour of Miami.

The 29-year-old had held the position as world number one for 16 months from December 2013. However, he lost his spot in April to Germanyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Daniel Deusser, dropping to number two in the world.

Scott made history in the Aachen grand prix last month by becoming the first rider to win two of the three legs in the Rolex Grand Slam with his great partner Hello Sanctos, owned by Lord and Lady Harris and Lady Kirkham.

This victory came after his win at the CHI in Geneva in December which means he will claim

a 500,000 (ÂŁ364.059) bonus for winning two legs in succession simply by taking part in the third and final event in the Rolex Grand Slam at the Spruce Meadows Masters in Canada in September.

Additionally there is a 1million (ÂŁ728,100) bonus available for any rider who can win the hat-trick. â&#x20AC;&#x153;I will ride there â&#x20AC;&#x201C; even if I have broken my leg!â&#x20AC;? joked 29-year-old Scott, who pocketed 330,000 (ÂŁ240,279) in prizemoney just for winning the Aachen grand prix class.

William Fox-Pitt has reclaimed the number one spot in the eventing world rankings following a win at Badminton Horse Trials with Chilli Morning.

William had been overtaken by Germanyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Michael Jung last month, following his win at Rolex Kentucky. Last month was the first time Michael had held the position and William, who held the top spot for the 12 months before that, dropped to second place.

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RQOLQH VDYY\ The summer is hereâ&#x20AC;Ś â&#x20AC;Śtime to give your website a facelift!

by Allan Bewley & Fiona Sloan Pedigree Farmer Web Design According to a 2014 survey, nearly 40% of small business websites are built by â&#x20AC;&#x153;myself, a member of staff, a friend or family member.â&#x20AC;? Writes Fiona Sloan at Pedigree Farmer Web Design However, owning a camera doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t make me a professional photographer!

Which is why most small business websites are not working well enough for their owners and while making a website look pretty isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t that difficult but it is like having a beautiful painting and putting it in a dark room when people are trying to find it.

Many businesses quickly build websites and forget that it is important to keep them up to date and fresh and to ensure that they are easily found by anyone who is looking, otherwise your competitor will steal the market for the simple reason that their website came up first. Search engines have become much smarter since the early days and while using a good copywriter is best, it is also easy for you to write your

own content and refresh it regularly. Search engines are much more inclined towards simple writing, which contains relative search terms.

If your business is looking to sell pedigree Aberdeen Angus semen, make sure that those words are within the content of your site.

Make sure your website is tidy and well laid out. If it looks like my desk it will be difficult to find anything so use a separate page for each product and make it easy to find. Adding links to outside sites such as BASCO is simple and can add to any pedigree site by automatically showing pedigrees and EBVâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (estimated breeding values) at the click of a button without distracting the customer to move away from your site.

And finally since 21st April Google have made â&#x20AC;&#x153;mobile friendly website!

A ranking factor in their searches so make sure that when you look at updating or revamping your site that you also consider a change to a responsive site if you havenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t already done so.

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;/,MONEY4(5 Warning - exceeding limits can seriously damage your financial health By Andrew Turnbull Occasionally, it's easy to slip up and incur a bank charge for inadvertently exceeding your overdraft limit. One isolated error is probably not important but repeated breaches can result in an application for credit facilities being denied.

In most cases, whether it is a proposal for an HP facility or an application to a new bank for a loan, you will be asked to produce your last three or six months' bank statements and they will be scrutinised by underwriters for any irregularities.

Banks rigorously review every application for new facilities to determine ongoing profitability, to verify ability to service the loan and to check the financial viability of the new project. But even if all these factors pass muster the application will be rejected if the bank statements

reveal bounced cheques, direct debits or standing orders.

So how do you avoid failing a creditworthiness check? First, monitor your account regularly to ensure there is no risk of exceeding limits. Not everyone has internet banking but there is no easier way of checking there are sufficient funds in the account. Secondly, if the bank makes a mistake in charging an excess fee make sure they correct it and that the correction appears on the next statement and thirdly, if there is a genuine excuse for having exceeded limits, ensure the bank or HP company are made aware of it.

And, finally, if there is no reasonable excuse, delay your funding application until the account has run smoothly for at least 3 months.

Andrew Turnbull CA is an Area Director, based in Perth, with First Independent Finance where he specialises in agricultural and industrial loans and finance.

His contact details are: Mobile: 07720 886272, Phone 01738 624671 email aturnbull@fIf.co.uk 95

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BEAUTIFUL TRACTORS Specially for all our tractor enthusiasts OLIVER, MODEL 80 STANDARD USA,1942

WEEKS-DUNGEY, MODEL NEW SIMPLEX UK, c.1922

In 1930 the Oliver Farm Equipment Co. became an amalgam of several companies, notably the venerable Hart Parr tractor works of Charles City, Iowa. Despite the Great Depression, Oliver quickly introduced new models that incorporated unit frame construction including the popular Model 80 Standard. Oliver was a tractor mainstay until it became part of the White Motor Corporation in the 1960s.

The history books do not give his first name, but a Mr Dungey from Kent needed a farm tractor. He talked a local iron founder and engine maker, William Weeks & Son, into making one for him.

Called the Simplex, it was built in 1915 and, although rudimentary in appearance, it worked well enough to encourage Weeks to carry on. His more substantial New Simplex made its first appearance in 1919.

Features The powerful-looking Model 80 used an Oliver/Waukesha fourcylinder motor and a three-speed transmission. It was available on steel wheels or pneumatic tyres with optional electric starters and lights. Oliver favoured utility over style, but the 80 was pleasing to the eye in its Oliver Green hue and red wheels.

Features Weeks was lucky enough to have secured some American-made, four-cylinder Waukesha motors and three-speed transmissions.

Differential lock and rack-and-pinion steering were an advance over the competition. The New Simplex had solid wheels, a heavy frame and a hint of styling in the grey tin work and red wheels. A rubber tyre version was available for road hauling.

Uses The 80 was rated as a three-plough tractor and accomplished that with ease. A well-placed belt pulley also made it a fine threshing outfit, especially when belted to one of Oliver’s famous Red River Special threshing machines. An Oliver 80 can still do a good day’s work and then take a break at the local tractor show.

Related Models A row crop version was also produced. After 1940 a diesel motor was offered for the standard-tread 80. A larger Model 90 was similar in appearance.

Power & Size 40 hp; weight: 1905kg (4200lb) length: 310cm (122in) width 155cm (61in) height: 142cm (56in) Manufacturing & Distribution Some 12,000 Model 80s were built in Charles City, Iowa. They were sold under the Cockshutt Plow Co. name in Canada and came to Britain under the Lend-Lease programme early in the Second World War. Some were imported into Australia, New Zealand and southern Africa.

Uses Mr Dungey had a large orchard and hop-growing operation and needed a tractor that wouldn’t damage the tender crops. This led Weeks to give the New Simplex a compact layout.

Related Models Sadly, although orchard tractors were eventually offered by most of the major tractor builders, this model marked the end of Weeks’s tractor production.

Power & Size 30 hp; weight: 1497kg (3300lb) length: 249cm (98in) width: 122cm (48in) height: 137cm (54in) Manufacturing & Distribution Built at the Perseverance Iron Works in Maidstone, Kent, from 1919 to c.1925. It is thought that only around 220 examples were produced. The tractor seems to have been limited mainly to local sales.

Images from “Beautiful Tractors – Iconic Models” by Rick Mannen : [^Znmb_neer beenlmkZm^] k^\hk] h_ -) h_ ma^ phke] l fhlm fZ`gbÛ\^gm% \eZllb\ Z`kb\nemnkZe fZ\abg^l% ]Zmbg` _khf *2*0 mh *20/' Iahmh`kZiar [r <ebo^ Lmk^^m^k' In[ebla^] [r ?kZg\^l Ebg\heg Ebfbm^]' Available in paperback: £12.99. For further information : www.franceslincoln.com 114

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ART with Carole Ingram

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www.farmingscotlandmagazine.com

Southern Belle What annoys a farmer most?

Jeremy Vine had a good programme on Radio 2 recently entitled â&#x20AC;&#x153;The three things which annoy farmers mostâ&#x20AC;?, inviting farmers from all walks of agricultural life to comment. Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; bug bears ranged from right to roam and sheep worrying, to a population which doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t understand what we do and why. All very valid but one of the things which annoyed one farmer most wasâ&#x20AC;Śhow much farmers moan! At once the three people in the car, all involved in farming, said â&#x20AC;&#x153;heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s absolutely right!â&#x20AC;? Not maybe what you would expect from people involved in the industry but we all agreed that we have a great industry and farmers should stop moaning about everything. Being a farmer is a lifestyle choice, no one is forcing anyone to stay in itâ&#x20AC;Śthere are other jobs available but I imagine none would pay as much as farming.

Some farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; wages may be less in comparison to other farmers but many people in the industry

work just as hard and are paid a lot less than a farming income. Another issue was, unsurprisingly, the supermarkets but I am happy to defend Tesco for their outstanding customer service to people who live in the country. Since doing my shopping on line, I have saved a small fortune on fuel and groceries and I can order in the morning and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s delivered later the same day! My â&#x20AC;&#x153;rewardsâ&#x20AC;? saved and converted to Tickemaster vouchers were fast running out of date so I emailed customer services and in no time someone helped me through everything, then checked back that all was ok. I am now the proud owner of two Michael Macintyre tickets which cost me 40p! I took the time to email â&#x20AC;&#x153;Tomâ&#x20AC;? and thank him, which genuinely made his day and mine. Girls coming round tonight so off to do my Tesco orderâ&#x20AC;Ś 4 bottles of wine various nibbles and a watermelon!

Delivered free with a smile by the time the girls arrive.

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lifestyle SUMMER FASHIONS Earn your fashion stripes!

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www.farmingscotlandmagazine.com

lifestyle

56 rural

Regal has arrived to dressage deluxe

STYLE

By Helen Burness

Some like it hot!

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www.farmingscotlandmagazine.com

Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s looking like summer is going to be scorcher, but even if the weathermen get it wrong the new Timothy Foxx summer collection is bound to send temperatures rising!

Their popular Livibum Hot Pants have been giving a fresh summer makeover with two pretty tweeds and fashion styling.

The Livibum Hot Pants in Amber Tweed feature a contrasting bottom patch and waistband of Royal Blue tiny polka dot cotton fabric, which compliments the Purple, Lilac, Navy, Baby Pink & Powder Blue plaid on the tweed perfectly! The Livibum Gooseberry Hot Pants celebrate summer with cute vintage rose printed cotton on the waistband and on the lining (Both styles are fully lined for complete comfort against your skin) The contrasting pocket detailing and inside the waistband are both highlighted in complimenting corduroy fabric and both are finished off with a military style button.

A hidden front zip and low rise cut also allow these shorts to sit comfortably the hips with a belt.

RRP: ÂŁ95.00 Sizes: 6 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 12 www.timothyfoxx.co.uk 119

lifestyle

Help us help them

Paul Tinson outlines new charity campaign Over the winter months our existing campaign, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Do you know someone who needs help?â&#x20AC;? generated many new enquiries to RSABI and was followed last month with the launch of a new helpline for people in agriculture, their dependents, as well as others who have worked in the wider land-based industry. The helpline is open every day of the year from 7am to 11pm, providing a single point of enquiry handling everything from questions about benefits, sources of help on farming issues to delivering support on critical personal matters including emotional distress. Farming Scotland Magazine has featured examples of some of the people helped by RSABI who, through age, injury, illness or misfortune now experience hardship.

Retirement is improving for Katherine, the widow of a well-respected Scottish Farmer.

She was in desperation, following her husbandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

120

passing, when her modest savings ran out meaning she was struggling to keep warm and to run a car. We were able to make an immediate delivery of heating oil and have since taken Katherine on as an annual beneficiary â&#x20AC;&#x201C; she has also been referred to another charity which is also providing a grant.

Our support is making a significant difference to her independence and ability to afford basic items. An RSABI case officer is also in regular touch and visits to support issues from benefits to housing.

Raising regular income to fund new people coming forward like Katherine is a vitally important goal for RSABI in 2015.

Please donate to the new campaign, Help us help them by joining the RSABI Supporter Scheme. â&#x20AC;˘ Individual (minimum annual donation ÂŁ25) â&#x20AC;˘ Business aimed at working farms (minimum annual donation ÂŁ150) â&#x20AC;˘ Corporate for larger organisations/companies (minimum annual donation ÂŁ500) *HSS 9:()0 VU VY ]PZP[ ^^^ YZHIP VYN \R

For toddlers, meet Russell, the Dog they have been Dreaming of

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@home Summertime in the garden A few product ideas to brighten up your garden while the sun shines

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@home Patterned, brightly coloured pots in small urban garden

Wall Mounted Half Crates, cute and useful!

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The new “must have” for your rural or suburban garden – chickens!!

Relax in this lovely Balinese Cocoon Swivel Chair

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PEOPLE ON THE MOVE

Paul Marland Paul Marland has been promoted to the position of UK sales manager

by Staffordshire based pig-housing company, ARM Buildings.

Mr Marland will be working alongside and reporting to Roger Smith, the companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sales director.

He joined ARM Buildings in 2001 and his previous role as estimator has given him a perceptive insight into customer requirements, having gained considerable experience in the various designs and specifications of numerous types of piggery construction projects. As such he has been responsible for preparing costings, specifications and quotations for customers, in addition to dealing with equipment sales and general enquiries.

Richard Hampton Richard Hampton, the Organic Milk Suppliers Co-operative (OMSCo) former chief operating officer, has been appointed as managing director.

Commenting on the announcement, OMSCo's Chairman Nicholas Saphir said â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Board of OMSCo is pleased to announce the appointment of Richard as Managing Director. Richard has been involved over the last 12 years in successfully developing the original ÂŁ25 million co-operative to todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ÂŁ100 million business. We are delighted that Richard will be responsible for the overall management of the next phase of our exciting developmentâ&#x20AC;?.

Edward Tong Tong Engineering has announced that Edward Tong will take over as the companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new Managing Director.

Current Managing Director Charles Tong is handing over the reigns to his son after 27 years at the helm as he takes his new role as Chairman of the company. He says; â&#x20AC;&#x153;Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m extremely proud of all we have achieved during my time leading Tong Engineering. A major milestone for the business during my management has been the introduction of the Caretaker mobile grader that we have continuously developed over the years and still remains one of our best selling machines today.

Fraser Black The James Hutton Institute has announced that Mr Fraser Black has been appointed Managing Director of the instituteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new commercial subsidiary, James Hutton Limited.

James Hutton Limited brings together the Instituteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s two former commercial subsidiaries Mylnefield Research Services Ltd (MRS) and Macaulay Scientific Consulting Ltd (MSC), with expertise in translating science into products and services that industry needs, including analysis, research and consultancy. The new company provides services to more than 28 countries around the world, from small and medium enterprises to large multinationals.

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One book to watch out for this month is â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;60 Degress North: Around the World in Search of Homeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; by Malachy Tallack. Already selected by BBC Radio 4 for one of their Book-of-the-Week slots over the summer and attracting great advance reviews, this debut non-fiction title from a young Shetland based writer pinpoints the sixtieth parallel that marks a borderland between the northern and southern worldsâ&#x20AC;Ś and so begins a remarkable and very personal journey.

The book opens with the death of the writerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s father, and the cruel and abrupt destruction of his dreams for the future. His father and mother separated when he was a child and Tallack had moved south to live with his father as he took up a place to study music in London.

His fatherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s death meant a return to the islands and an uncertain future. That uncertainty and a need to escape from his past on his native Shetland (which lies at sixty degrees north of the equator) took him on this voyage of discovery. On the very first page of the book he states â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;If I could see far enough, I could look out from that window across the North Sea to Norway, and to

Sweden, then over the Baltic to Finland, to St Petersburg, and then Siberia, Alaska, Canada and Greenland. If I could see far enough, my eyes would eventually bring me back, across the Atlantic Ocean, to where I was standing.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; And so he makes the journey. Tallack travels westward from Shetland with the seasons, exploring landscapes and their people, community and isolation, exile and memory. Ultimately his travels bring him home again to Shetland, but a Shetland that he comes to embrace.

Sixty Degrees North is a personal story and one that the reader feels privileged to share. At its heart it is an irresistible and very fine example of travel writing, skillfully combined with memoir. It is frequently moving, eloquent and crafted with a lightness of touch.

Tallackâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vivid prose makes it both an engaging and entertaining read. :P_[` +LNYLLZ 5VY[O! (YV\UK [OL >VYSK PU :LHYJO VM /VTL I` 4HSHJO` ;HSSHJR PZ W\ISPZOLK [OPZ TVU[O I` 7VS`NVU HU PTWYPU[ VM )PYSPUU 3[K 7VS`NVU Â&#x2030; OIR

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