Farming Scotland Magazine (March - April 2015 Edition)

april 2015

Scotland’s national farming & rural lifestyle magazine

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PUBLISHER/EDITOR Athole Murray Fleming Tel. 01738 639747 E-mail: mail@farmingscotlandmagazine.com

PRODUCTION DIRECTOR Christina Fleming Email: christina@atholedesign.com

ADVERTISING MANAGER Barry Tweed Tel. 01738 550157 Email: barry@farmingscotlandmagazine.com

ADVERTISING MANAGER Trevor Knights Tel. 01738 447378 Email: trevor.knights@farmingscotlandmagazine.com

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COPYRIGHT This publication has been produced and published by ATHOLE DESIGN & PUBLISHING LTD who are the copyright owners. No reproduction, copying, image scanning, storing or recording of any part of this publication without the permission of ATHOLE DESIGN & PUBLISHING LTD. FARMING SCOTLAND MAGAZINE is designed, produced and published by Athole Design & Publishing Ltd., Tolastadh, 18 Corsie Drive, Kinnoull, Perth, Scotland PH2 7BU. Tel. 01738 639747

ISSN: 2041â&#x20AC;&#x201C;918X

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When the CAP doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t fit!

By John Cameron Balbuthie, Kilconquhar, Fife Well, here we are now, well into 2015 and the introduction of the long debated and complex changes of the C.A.P. The complexity of the revision is enormous and in spite of all the well-meaning efforts by Scottish Government and Scottish College there are still many farmers â&#x20AC;&#x201C; myself included â&#x20AC;&#x201C; who do not fully understand and have not fully evaluated the financial implications for their business.

Partly this is due to the lengthy delay in finalising certain critical aspects of the revision proposals and partly because â&#x20AC;&#x201C; as I have said â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the enormous complexity of the changes made worse by the fluctuating rate of exchange between the pound and the euro and the subsequent difficulty of translating these changes into the financial implication for each and every farm.

But what is now abundantly clear is that there will be real and significant cuts in income for the great majority of claimants in Scotland. Overall the new payments will represent a reduction of about 13% of income when comparing the level of payments in the 2007/2013 years with the future level from 2015 onwards.

One reaction which I thought summed up the situation in a realistic manner came from the NFUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;CAP guruâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Jonnie Hall who was asked recently â&#x20AC;&#x153;is there a bright side to all this?â&#x20AC;? to which he replied â&#x20AC;&#x153;not really since the bottom line is that all farming businesses in Scotland will

have to adjust to lower funding levels.â&#x20AC;?

But perhaps the penny is beginning to drop at last.

One of the results of the recent Bank of Scotlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Agricultural Survey was that almost three quarters of respondents expect the new C.A.P. to have a largely negative impact on farming in Scotland.

In the past when Scottish agriculture has faced financial pressure the natural reaction from the collective resilience of Scottish farmers was to produce more which, because of their efficiency they were able & willing â&#x20AC;&#x201C; to do.

However on looking at the present relationship between production levels and the respective commodity prices â&#x20AC;&#x201C; I would venture to suggest that that philosophy should receive careful consideration.

As Brian Henderson the well know agricultural correspondent said recently â&#x20AC;&#x153;to rely on producing more without first seeing a market might be viewed as blinkered at best.â&#x20AC;?

That doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t mean however that we reduce our efforts to increase our efficiency. Absolute control of the quality of our husbandry and our ability to cut costs remain vital to our industry.

On that note I will conclude by congratulating the Simmental Cattle Society in recently committing a substantial amount of resource to â&#x20AC;&#x153;improving profitability and efficiency of all types of cattle enterprises.â&#x20AC;?

Is there a lesson in principle there for all of us?

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organics Organic Farming: An Opportunity by Colleen McCulloch Agricultural Development Manager, Soil Association Scotland

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Tong Peal celebrates 85 years of engineering excellence

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JYVM[PUN ;OL 3H^ VM (UV[OLY 3HUK By Patrick Krause , Chief Executive, Scottish Crofting Federation With the recent publication of the Crofting Law Groupâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s final version of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The Sumpâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, the collection of anomalies in the current crofting legislation, the realisation that practitioners have identified 176 such glitches (distilled to 57) justifiably begs the question â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;is crofting law fit for purposeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;.

In January the TV programme called â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;So here I amâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s history of crofting was re broadcast on the BBCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Gaelic channel.

After the programme the channel showed a recent interview with Jim Hunter (the first director of the organisation that is now the Scottish Crofting Federation (SCF), and who helped to make â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;So here I amâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;) in which he said he feels crofting legislation has become so â&#x20AC;&#x153;incredibly complicatedâ&#x20AC;? that it has â&#x20AC;&#x153;outlived its usefulnessâ&#x20AC;?. His proposed solution is to â&#x20AC;&#x153;scrap the whole lotâ&#x20AC;? and start again with â&#x20AC;&#x153;a blank sheetâ&#x20AC;?.

I share this sentiment, but my suspicious nature urges caution in going down this route. Back in 1998, one of the recommendations of the Land Reform Policy Group was â&#x20AC;&#x153;much simplified crofting legislation and administrationâ&#x20AC;? and here

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we are 17 years and a series of amending Acts later, with legislation still marred by 57 serious flaws.

So of course the temptation is to scrap it. But halting the renovation of current legislation in favour of a tantalising â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;new-buildâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; could allow those who actively obstruct crofting reform and / or those who fear it, to never let the blank sheet to get on to the schedule of parliamentary business or to thwart its progress for another 17 years.

The safer alternative I would suggest, is to capitalise on the fact that we now have the crofting lawyers, plus other practitioners such as the Crofting Commission, scrutinising the legislation and recommending changes to the Scottish Government.

This seems a pretty obvious way of doing things, but the fact is that these experts have only been allowed a very limited in-put to crofting legislation reform until recently, when a providential legal gaffe led to the formation of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The Sumpâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. So, now that we have the right people looking at the law, let's take the momentum and keep with the renovation.

www.crofting.org 17

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PACKAGED POTATO & VEGETABLE COOLING SYSTEMS

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Bailey Trailers: fit for purpose Tom Bailey built his first trailer at Aunsby, Lincolnshire in 1982. 33 years and 13,000 trailers later, the company remains a strong family business with Tom’s sons Michael (Sales Director), Richard (Head of Design), Stephen (Northern Sales Manager) and daughter Michelle (Company Secretary).

They are represented by authorised dealers across Scotland.

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BALERS DEALERS KEY Participating Dealers in this feature CLAAS J&W Tait www.jandwtaitltd.co.uk Kirkwall, Orkney : 01856 873003 W & A Geddes Wick : 01955 602207 Thurso : 01847 891651 Brora : 01408 621220 JOHN DEERE DKR Agricultural Services www.jd-dealer.co.uk/dkagri Biggar : 01899 220897 MLM Engineering www.mlmengineering.co.uk Orphir, Orkney : 01856 811282 30

KRONE Ancroft Tractors www.ancroft-tractors.co.uk Berwick upon Tweed : 01289 331904 Kelso : 01573 225213 Macmerry : 01875 617323 KUHN Bryson Tractors www.brysontractors.co.uk Lanark : 01555 660888 Ravenhill www.ravenhil.co.uk Aberdeen : 01224 772577 Dingwall : 01349 863555 Elgin : 01343 541121 Maud : 01771 613246 Turriff : 01888 563561

MASSEY FERGUSON Ancroft Tractors www.ancroft-tractors.co.uk Berwick upon Tweed : 01289 331904 Kelso : 01573 225213 Macmerry : 01875 617323 McHALE Ramsey & Jackson www.ramjack.co.uk Mauchline : 01290 550329 NEW HOLLAND Bryson Tractors www.brysontractors.co.uk Lanark : 01555 660888 Lloyds Ltd www.lloyds.ltd.uk Dumfries : 01387 720461

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FARMERS MARKETS IN SCOTLAND Aberdeen Country Fair www.aberdeencountryfair. co.uk Alford Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market www.spanglefish.com/ alfordfarmersmarket Argyll Country Markets katie@barbreckfarms.co.uk Ayrshire Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market www.ayrshirefarmersmarket. co.uk Balerno Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market www.balernovt.org.uk Blairgowrie Community Market www.strathmoreglens.org Cairndow and Loch Fyne Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market katie@barbreckfarms.co.uk Campbeltown Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market katie@barbreckfarms.co.uk Clarkston Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market enquiry@ lanarkshirefarmersmarket. co.uk Cupar Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market www.fifefarmersmarket.co.uk Dundee Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market lorna.mckenzie@dundeecity. gov.uk Dunfermline Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market www.fifefarmersmarket.co.uk Edinburgh Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market www.edinburghfarmersmarket. com Edinburgh - Stockbridge Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market www.stockbridgemarket.com Falkirk Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market howard.wilkinson2@btinternet. com Fencebay Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market fencebay@aol.co.uk Forfar Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market www.angusfarmersmarket. co.uk Glasgow Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market Mansfield Park www.citymarketsglasgow. co.uk Glasgow Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market Queenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Park www.citymarketsglasgow. co.uk

Greenock Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market matthewmcs2000@aol.com Haddington Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market pjdesign@dunbar.org.uk Hamilton Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market www. lanarkshirefarmersmarket. co.uk Hawick Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market eg.sangster@btinternet.com Inverurie Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market e: ronreid2@aol.com Kelso Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market www.kelso.bordernet.co.uk Kirkcaldy Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market www.fifefarmersmarket.co.uk

Loch Ness Cider was born from the necessity for a change of lifestyle for Karen Wotherspoon

Linlithgow Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market forumevents@yahoo.co.uk Loch Lomond Shores Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market forumevents@yahoo.co.uk Lochwinnoch Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market david.oneill@clydemuirshiel. co.uk Lockerbie Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market www.lockerbiefarmersmarket. co.uk Milngavie Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market matthewmcs2000@aol.com Montrose Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market www.angusfarmersmarket.co. uk Oban And Lorn Markets admin@lorn.org Overton Farm Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market www. lanarkshirefarmersmarket. co.uk Paisley Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market enquiries@ayrshiremeats.co.uk Peebles Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market johnbolton1@btconnect.com Perth Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market www.perthfarmersmarket. co.uk Portpatrick Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market foodstore@auchenree.co.uk St Andrews Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market www.fifefarmersmarket.co.uk Stirling Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market StirlingFM@aol.com.

Stornoway Farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Market kennylhhp@btopenworld.com

For your market to be listed mail@farmingscotlandmagazine.com

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SPRAYERS DEALERS KEY Participating Dealers in this feature AMAZONE Lloyds Ltd www.lloyds.ltd.uk Dumfries : 01387 720461 Kelso : 01573 227460

Forfar : 01307 474000 Fraserburgh : 01346 541351 Glenrothes : 01592 775511 Huntly : 01466 799222 Perth : 01738 474600

Reekie Group www.reekie.co.uk Stirling : 01786 477530 Perth : 01738 622471 Cupar : 01334 652445

CHALLENGER Ancroft Tractors www.ancroft-tractors.co.uk Berwick upon Tweed : 01289 331904 Kelso : 01573 225213 Macmerry : 01875 617323

W & A Geddes Wick : 01955 602207 Thurso : 01847 891651 Brora : 01408 621220 BERTHOUD AM Phillip www.amphillip.co.uk Conon Bridge : 01349 866021 54

JOHN DEERE DKR Agricultural Services www.jd-dealer.co.uk/dkagri Biggar : 01899 220897 MLM Engineering www.mlmengineering.co.uk

Orphir, Orkney : 01856 811282

Huntly : 01466 799222 Perth : 01738 474600

KUHN Ravenhill www.ravenhil.co.uk Aberdeen : 01224 772577 Dingwall : 01349 863555 Elgin : 01343 541121 Maud : 01771 613246 Turriff : 01888 563561

VICON George Colliar Ltd Middle Balado : 01577 863173 Reekie Group www.reekie.co.uk Stirling : 01786 477530 Perth : 01738 622471 Cupar : 01334 652445

SPRAY TECHNIQUES AM Phillip www.amphillip.co.uk Conon Bridge : 01349 866021 Forfar : 01307 474000 Fraserburgh : 01346 541351 Glenrothes : 01592 775511

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Finishing Lambs; making best use of grass John Vipond, Senior Sheep Consultant, SAC Consulting Solutions.

Aim to finish off grass, rather than an expensive housed finish. From birth to weaning (at 100 days) target lamb growth rates at grass should be 280g/day for twins and 380g/day for singles. As a rule of thumb, singles should have gained â&#x20AC;&#x153;1 pound per day of ageâ&#x20AC;?.

In large flocks, graze the singles separately from the twins, they get 25% less milk making up with grass, and thereby getting a higher parasite challenge that needs a different dosing plan.

Where all lambs are grazed, sell singles as soon as they are fit to kill, accepting lighter finishing weights to take advantage of early prices. This will reduce the overall grass requirements for the flock and may allow sward height to rise. A 1cm sward height rise in July can increase weaned lamb daily gain by around 100g/day.

On intensively stocked farms creep feeding lambs can allow earlier sales, freeing up grass for ewes. It can also alleviate trace element problems and reduce finishing risks due to variable weather. Response of lambs at grass at 5.0 kilos of fresh feed to one of liveweight gain pre-weaning is possible.

When concentrates are fed after weaning, conversion rates are worse at 8 to 1. Supplementation can increase killing out percentage by around 2%.

If lambs are kept too long on concentrates or miss

premium prices earlier in the season it may not be economic.

Many farmers set stock ewes and lambs and hope for a good match in pasture supply and growth; this works in a good year, but with more variable weather perhaps its time to rethink this strategy.

Rotational grazing can increase the percentage of grass which has been grown that is utilised and thus give higher output/ha.

Overgrazed paddocks at under 2 cm grow 40% less grass. For rotationally grazed paddocks the target sward height going is in at 6 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 8 cm and coming out at 4 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 6 cm for maximum lamb growth.

Many farms do not rotationally graze due to poor water supplies and awkward field access.

However planning ahead and making better access to fields using grazed raceways and putting in troughs and electric fencing is worthwhile, especially in light of our unpredictable climate.

For more information, see our Practical Guides on Improving Ewe Efficiency available at www. farmingforabetterclimate. org Find us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter @ SACfarm4climate -HYTPUN MVY H )L[[LY *SPTH[L PZ M\UKLK I` [OL :JV[[PZO .V]LYUTLU[ HZ WHY[ VM P[Z *SPTH[L *OHUNL (K]PZVY` (J[P]P[` :LL ^^^ MHYTPUNMVYHIL[[LYJSPTH[L VYN Ă&#x201E;UK \Z VU -HJLIVVR HUK MVSSV^ \Z VU ;^P[[LY ' :(*MHYT JSPTH[L

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Agricultural Holdings Legislation

By Richard Lochhead Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs, Food and the Environment

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â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The final recommendations of the review of Agricultural Holdings Legislation have now been published â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and they include a range of radical proposals aimed at revitalising tenant farming in Scotland.

There can be no doubt that tenant farming is vital to the agricultural economy and sustaining our rural communities. Having a farm tenancy is often the gateway to career in farming.

But despite previous efforts to improve the industry, the amount of tenanted agricultural land in Scotland has almost halved in the past 30 years and continues to fall. We are in danger of closing the door on future generations of farmers unless we act.

This review was a oncein-a-generation opportunity to come up with wide ranging and radical recommendations aimed at ensuring a secure and vibrant future for the sector. And that is what this review has done.

Among the 49 recommendations for the Scottish Government to take forward are the creation of a Tenant Farming Commissioner, opportunities for apprentices, and new types of tenancy.

There are also proposals to strengthen tenant farmersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; right to buy, which are intended to provide tenants with a solution to escape the clutches of irresponsible landlords. For the vast majority of landlords, who have positive relationships with their tenants, these recommendations will pose no threat.

The review process has been very positive and credible, with wide ranging engagement that has taken into account the views of industry bodies, tenant farmers, landowners across Scotland â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and I would like to thank all of the Review Group members for their hard work over the past 18 months or so.

I am confident this report is the turning point for tenant farming and Scottish agriculture, and I hope it will instil confidence and enable those working in the sector to strengthen relationships and build a strong future together.

I look forward to working with my Ministerial colleagues, the industry and Parliament to consider how best to take these recommendations forward to secure a successful and sustainable future for tenant farming in Scotland.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

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A major recruitment drive was launched in February 2015 to increase the membership of Quality Meat Scotlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s quality assurance schemes.

The campaign is being launched along with a range of activities to mark the 25th anniversary of the quality assurance schemes which underpin the Scotch Beef PGI, Scotch Lamb PGI and Specially Selected Pork brands.

Scotlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s quality assurance schemes are among the longest-running in the world with the Scots global pioneers of the quality assurance concept first introduced here in 1990.

Currently, over 90% of Scotlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s breeding cattle population and 80% of the breeding sheep flock are from farms covered by quality assurance, along with almost 100% of significant pig farming businesses.

Jim McLaren, Chairman of QMS, urged livestock farmers and others in the industry to get behind the campaign which highlights the importance of quality assurance to the future of the industryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s brands and the profitability of livestock farming in Scotland.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;It is important that everyone in our industry plays a part in encouraging any weak links in the chain which are not assured to join. Whether they are farmers, hauliers, feed companies, auction markets or processors, it is vital they understand the importance of whole chain quality assurance to the future of their businesses and our industry,â&#x20AC;? said Mr McLaren.

He added: â&#x20AC;&#x153;One of the key parts of this recruitment drive is to attract any Scottish beef cattle breeding farms that remain outside farm assurance.â&#x20AC;?

Quality Assurance scheme membership is open to farms of all sizes â&#x20AC;&#x201C; from large finishing units to much smaller businesses with a few cattle, sheep or pigs.

The fee charged varies with the size of the unit and discounts are available for crofting groups and those who combine assessments with those for other schemes.

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I was recently crunching some benchmarking figures for a farmers meeting on beef production. The point of it being, trying to pinpoint where losses occur so that we can focus on areas to improve. I had data from 88 Orkney farms and a total of 4650 cows. The crucial overall figure to look at is calves weaned per cows to the bull. We came in at 88%, which I believe is similar to the national average although well below the target of 94%.

But where do the main losses occur? Barren cows accounted for just over 5% and neonatal losses around calving and the first 24hrs accounted for 4.5%.

So these are the areas we need to concentrate on and that it is worth analyzing further on an individual farm basis to see if there are common themes that need corrected. Factors affecting fertility of the cow and the bull and the bulling period itself impact on the barren rate. Dystokia or bad calvingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s has the highest effect on subsequent neonatal deaths. Whilst the

average was 88% it was encouraging to note that the top 25% of our farmers were hitting a weaned calf per cow to the bull rate of 96% or more - well above the target. This should give encouragement to those with a lower rate as it shows it can be done and done locally.

The other area I looked at was the calving period.

Looking at the figures on the 88 farms, the spread of calving was costing ÂŁ18 per cow based on â&#x20AC;&#x153;lostâ&#x20AC;? days of growth and live weight gain.

Feedback at the meeting suggested not all farmers would want a tight compact calving period. The benefits of calves born earlier and batched together had to set against a busier calving with pressures on numbers of calving pens, available labour and disease build up â&#x20AC;&#x201C; so it may not be for everybody. I was reminded of the answer I once got from an elderly farmer when I asked him when he started calving â&#x20AC;&#x153; Oh just after the war!â&#x20AC;? he replied â&#x20AC;&#x153; â&#x20AC;Ś and weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re still going now!â&#x20AC;?

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It is a time of change â&#x20AC;&#x201C; both politically, agriculturally and personally

By Nigel Miller, Stagehall, Stow, Former President NFU Scotland At a personal level, by the time you read this, my four years as President of the Union will have come to a close and a new officeholder team will be in charge. It has been an enormous privilege to be part of it all and to share the highs, lows and good times generated by our fantastic industry.

But there is plenty of unfinished work for our new team to pursue in a new year.

If 2014 was a year of intense debate, then 2015 will be a year about delivery.

We will see a new CAP bed in; the vision for land reform and change within our tenanted sector will be taken forward and the outcome of the independence referendum and Smith Commission will see a Scotland Bill progress.

For many of us, now is the time to get on with real decision making to take us forward. That, for Scotland, must mean taking steps to make the Scotland Bill proposals work. Yes, of course, it is a compromise that attempts to bridge the views of both the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;yesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;noâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; campaigns but there are real powers with potential to drive change. With power, there is an opportunity and responsibility to use it for good.

As farmers, we need the marathon of a complex CAP reform deal to end and for the Scottish Government to be clear on what it can deliver.

It is vital the system is made to work and uncertainty to be closed down. This European ritual of parachuting a new agricultural policy on to the rural economy may be good political theatre but it is deeply uncomfortable for those that are on the ground. Changes in budgets and direction have the potential to shock long term businesses like farming.

Perhaps Mr Hogan, the new Agricultural Commissioner, could move us away from agricultural policy

revolutions and towards an evolutionary world where gradual change is a response to a problem or to meet a new challenge!

Commissioner Hogan plans to bring forward his simplification agenda in Brussels including a review of greening. Our own Cabinet Secretary, Richard Lochhead, now has an opportunity to adopt the recommendations in Brian Packâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s report to push back red tape.

Together, they can start a journey that reduces bureaucracy on farm and relegates disproportionate compliance interventions to history.

The Agricultural Holdings Legislation Review Group has brought forward a package of recommendations to reform our crucial tenanted sector. In 2015, that package, must win wide support and create both stability and opportunities.

At an international level, after months of negotiation, the detail must be bolted down on robust trade standards to bring the proposed US trade deal to completion. A balanced trade agreement can open up opportunities for European agriculture if we get it right. Access to Europe, however, must be limited to product that comply with EU production standards.

Peace in Europe with open trade and a growing EU economy can build value back into the food sector. Today that looks a difficult goal. However, without a more positive platform, trade shocks are likely to erode profitability throughout the continent.

As I move on to pastures new, I ponder what may lie ahead. It may be time to dig out the old clothes and a glorious April for lambing leading into sunshine and long summer evenings will go a long way to making 2015 a good new year for me.

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sheep New hay savers HIGHLAND SHEEP RETUNS FOR ITS SECOND YEAR

By George Milne Regional Manager for NSA Scotland NSA Scotland is gearing up to hold its second Highland Sheep event. Due to the success of the event held two years ago at Dingwall Auction Mart, the Scottish Region of the National Sheep Association has decided to hold another event for the benefit of members and farmers in the North of Scotland. NSA Highland Sheep 2015 will take place on June 9, 2015, and will be held on a farm.

Host of this event for the sheep industry will be John Scott, Fearn Farm, Tain, who runs a flock of 4200 commercial and pedigree sheep, including pedigree flocks of Texel, Beltex and New Zealand Suffolks. The recent addition of Aberfield hybrids will create further interest. Fearn Farm will be an ideal venue for this important event and Mr Scottâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s success in winning the Farmers Weekly Sheep Farmer of the Year award is testimony to the quality of the sheep and the high standard of management on the farm.

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The organising committee made up of local farmers and supporters are now well on their way with plans to make this an excellent day for all visitors.

The event will include a farm tour to view Johnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s farming operations which also include a herd of 110 suckler cows, of which 60 are pedigree Beef Shorthorns. The one-day event will also have breed society stands, trade stands, educational exhibits, practical demonstrations, competitions, seminars and a focus on grassland management.

I would encourage everyone to put the date in their diaries and the NSA looks forward to welcoming everyone on the day.

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Cluster farms

By Katrina Candy GWCT is currently exploring landscape-scale wildlife recovery by encouraging â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;clusterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; farms to adopt conservation measures across a number of neighbouring properties â&#x20AC;&#x201C; an exciting, innovative approach which we hope will deliver real benefits to our wildlife.

In Scotland the benefits of collaborative or â&#x20AC;&#x2122;landscape scaleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; conservation have been recognised and even desired by the Government and there has been some good work done by bodies such as the Tweed Forum. But for groups of tenant farmers on a large number of adjacent land holdings, discovering and co-ordinating farmland conservation for themselves is still relatively new.

Understanding what is needed to help these busy people to achieve great things for wildlife is ever more important as money in the agri-environment pot declines. By encouraging cluster farms in Scotland, we could deliver huge benefits for biodiversity.

South of the Border our â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;cluster farmsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; approach has been a real success story, garnering support from Defra, but most importantly being led by farmers. At its core this is a bottom-up approach, stimulating clusters of farmers to choose for themselves how and where to manage for wildlife, with the experts on hand to provide advice when wanted.

Last year we were delighted when The MacRobert Trust suggested that they might help GWCT explore the challenges behind farmer-led conservation on its Deeside Estate. This 2,000 hectares of let farmland sits in the Howe of Cromar, a bowlshaped geographical feature on the eastern side of the Cairngorms. The land and farming are mixed arable, grass and wooded farmland; typical of about a third of Scotlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s land area.

Landscape scale conservation is really the only way to manage for clean water and the farmers in this area already have some experience of this

kind of work having established riparian buffers to protect streams that feed into pearl mussel rivers. We hope that lapwing, black grouse, brown hare and red squirrels might come to benefit in the future, and find a way to tackle the 20-year gap in grey partridge sightings.

The project is an exciting opportunity bringing together local tenant farmerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s knowledge with the GWCTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s monitoring capability and our farm conservation advice. We aim to review the estateâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wildlife to provide a reference baseline; assess the interest in and restrictions on the estateâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s tenants bringing together an integrated plan to enhance environmental measures; facilitate a best practice cluster and; consider the most effective delivery of greening.

Much of this first year will be information gathering, speaking to the farmers and surveying. We propose to make use of our GIS (geographic information system) department in addition to gathering and accessing various data from bodies that hold environmental information on the Howe of Cromar. Maps are an essential part of facilitating such farmer led projects â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a picture is worth a thousand words.

This is a significant opportunity for local farmers to demonstrate that by working together, and with the facility of advice, they can deliver many goods - such as food and biodiversity. Given the land tenure, landscape and climate, this project has the potential to demonstrate good estate practice to a wide range of other land managers who influence and shape our agricultural policy.

If you would like to find out more about cluster farm projects, you can view and listen to our Biodiversity Adviser Peter Thompsonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s presentation on â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Delivering conservation on a landscape scaleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; from our 2014 memberâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s conference. Visit: www.gwct.org.uk/events/ members-conference/

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Supporting tenant farmers

By David Johnstone Chairman of Scottish Land & Estates It's a long-awaited tome, but now the final review of Agricultural Holdings has been delivered, the process of digesting its implications for tenant farming has been quick to get underway.

Creating a vibrant sector should be at the heart of everything we try to achieve and we were pleased that the report included proposals for compensation at waygo something that Scottish Land & Estates recommended - and we are supportive of the appointment of Scottish Tenant Farming Commissioner to oversee the industry.

It was also important for the sector that the review group rejected the clamour for an absolute right to buy.

Such a move would have been hugely damaging the needs of future generations.

Yet it is clear that there are causes for considerable unease - not just for landowners but for farmers and government too.

We face a scenario where a bewildering range of relatives - and unknown relatives of relatives with no link to the holding - could have rights to take on a tenancy. There is also the proposal to allow tenants with no successor to

convert secure tenancies to limited duration tenancies of a minimum of 35 years.

Both of these proposals would seem to infringe landowners' property rights and we appear to be set on a course that could result in substantial compensation claims. Not only will these proposals, if taken forward, infringe landowner rights, they will saddle government with a hefty bill in the process.

We are also disappointed that there seems to be an underlying current in the report implying big is bad when it comes to farming - when it is clear that large landlords are the ones who have continued to let - and we are still assessing what the cumulative impact of all these proposals will be.

We will continue to deliver our pro-tenant farming message to government and that message will also voice a desire - that should be shared by everyone that agricultural holdings legislation is treated separately and given its own bill. The report provided ample reminder - not that it was needed - that this complex area of legislation is too important to be treated as an addendum to the government's other legislative agenda.

For more information www.scottishlandandestates.co.uk Telephone : 0131 653 5400 87

farm security Security for your farmland buildings & machinery A look at a few ways to help you protect your property

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horses Equestrian Tried & Tested

By Melanie Scott

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horses

EQUINE ANGLE

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Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s going on?

By Melanie Scott Scottish riders are continuing to ride high, with success across all disciplines.

Peebles showjumper Scott Brash has managed to hold onto the Longines world number one position for an unbelievable 14 months on the trot.

His top horse Hello Sanctos won gold at the Olympics, team gold and individual bronze at the European Championships and grand prix classes in Doha, Cannes, Estoril, London, Wellington and Oslo. â&#x20AC;&#x153;He really is the horse of a lifetime for me. What he has done for me, his owners and his country is really outstanding. You donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t get too many horses like that!â&#x20AC;? said Scott.

Scott now has some new horses to add to his string; Hello Mâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Lady and Hello Forever.

Lady Kirkhamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s eightyear-old Hello Mâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Lady is certainly is bred for the job; her grandsire is the 2004 Olympic champion Baloubet de Rouet. â&#x20AC;&#x153;She is a special, special horse and I have high hopes for her,â&#x20AC;? said Scott, after winning a class at Olympia.

Hello Forever made his debut with Scott at a national show at Aintree â&#x20AC;&#x201C; finishing second in the grand prix.

In the junior showjumping world, 12-year-old Charley Hamilton from Aberdeen won the Pony Club mini major class at Olympia Horse Show with her pony Bee Bop A Lula. She was paired with William Whitaker.

Perthshire riders were disappointed the Gleneagles Equestrian School closed its magnificent indoor arena, however thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s good news locally with the reopening of Highfield at Howe, in Ladybank, Fife.

Rockrose EC in East Lothian has opened its doors with an impressive list of facilities, including an FEI sized indoor arena. It has a host of events planned, with well known equestrian names. Di Lampard, the new British Equestrian Federation performance manager for showjumping, will shortly be hosting a lecture demo and clinic and legendary event rider Lucinda Green also holds a cross country clinic.

This year Blair Castle Horse Trials hosts the European Eventing Championships. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needed to fit into the FEI calendar so has moved slightly later into September. With the cream of eventing heading north to Scotland this year thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a lot to look forward to this year.

95

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RQOLQH VDYY\ IS THAT A YEAR ALREADY?

by Allan Bewley & Fiona Sloan Pedigree Farmer Web Design Here we are again nearly at the spring of the year and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s been a year since you first considered marketing your animals better by having a website designed.

Now is the time to act when the lambs, calves or foals are about to be on the ground and you would like them sold well to the right buyer at the optimum time for you.

There are a few main principals to employ to ensure that the investment you make both financially and of your time, is adequately recouped to the extent that in future years the website easily pays for itself.

1. DEFINE Decide what you want your site to achieve. Are you trying to sell stock or semen directly or market your animals towards future sale.

2. PLAN Take time to look at other sites you like.

What do you like about them? Think about how you would like your site to work. If you were looking at a site, what attracts you to it? Can you find what you are looking for easily?

3. DESIGN First impressions are very important so make sure you engage your target audience as soon as they look at your home page.

Decide on the colours you would like for your site. Great pictures are good as is good descriptive wording, videos etc.

4. DEVELOPING You get what you pay for! Employ a web developer who is using modern design and development techniques and is able to be on hand to help if you need them. Someone who speaks your language and understands your business. Use responsive design so that customers can access your website anywhere, any time.

5. MAINTENANCE. Make your website work for you. No one returns to a website which doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t change. Updating a well-built website is a two minute job even for the rank amateur and worth the effort.

So all you have to do now isâ&#x20AC;Śâ&#x20AC;Śâ&#x20AC;Ś.

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;/,MONEY4(5 Farming Scotland Conference By Andrew Turnbull The annual "Farming Scotland Conference" was held at the Carnoustie Hotel on 5th February and attracted 130 delegates. It has to be said that many of those attending represented the professions - lawyers, accountants, bankers and land agents. Nothing wrong with that but given that the conference strapline was "Progress to Profit" it is disappointing that more farmers didn't support this popular event.

Professor Nick Hanley of the University of St Andrews spoke about how the Government's environmental policies might be rolled out in future and how farmers may be offered new deals to improve their returns from these schemes, for example, by working more closely with neighbours.

"From Field to Glass" was Angus Duncan's topic. Angus is Head of Procurement at Diageo and therefore hugely important to the cereal

grower: he explained that over 85% of his company's cereal intake is sourced from within Scotland, a statistic that took many by surprise.

Deer farmer, John Fletcher, was enthusiastic about the upsurge in Scottish deer farms.

He saw the world-wide increase in venison consumption as an opportunity to the Scottish farmer to diversify into a fresh line of production where there was a demonstrable demand for the product.

Finally, Jonathan Skinner from Norfolk Farmers' Weekly Young Farmer of the 2013 - gave an enthusiastic insight into how he improved the family farm's fortunes in recent years by "using all the resources to their full potential (labour, land and machinery)".

Maybe this excellent conference would benefit next year from more farming delegates....and, more to the point, maybe farmers would benefit, too.

Andrew Turnbull CA is an Area Director, based in Perth, with First Independent Finance where he specialises in agricultural and industrial loans and finance.

His contact details are: Mobile: 07720 886272, Phone 01738 624671, email aturnbull@f-I-f.co.uk 101

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BEAUTIFUL TRACTORS Specially for all our tractor enthusiasts SAUNDERSON, MODEL G UNIVERSAL UK, 1916

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER, MODEL W4 USA, 1940

Tractor pioneer Herbert Saunderson of Bedfordshire was building lightweight tractors under the Universal name when most everyone else was turning out giants. They ranged from his dandy 6-8 hp Little Knock-About up to the 45 hp Colonial. Around 1915 he produced three new Universal models including the popular, mid-sized Model G.

After the First World War, IHC became one of the more dynamic tractor builders, with an extensive range of rubber tyre and crawler tractors. Along with widetread models like the W4, they offered a full range of row crop machines under the new Farmall brand. The company endured until 1986, when it joined with Case as part of the Tenneco corporate empire.

Features The early Saundersons had mid-ships or forward operator positions whilst the Model G employed a conventional seat placement. It sported a two-cylinder vertical motor, three forward speeds, a stout channel frame and heavy cast wheels. A later version even showed a glint of modernistic styling. The pictured example is in standard Saunderson green trim with red wheels.

Features The W4’s four-cylinder motor could burn petrol and distillates and was mated to a four-speed transmission. The tractor was available on steel wheels but pneumatic tyres had gained popularity. IHC was amongst the manufacturers who employed the American industrial designer Raymond Loewy to give the W4 and sister models a modernistic look. International Red paint replaced their traditional grey in around 1937.

Uses The Model G came out just in time for the critical wartime ploughing effort. Clear sightlines made it an easy tractor to belt up to the threshing machine. A number of Universals have survived for the enjoyment of rally-goers today.

Related Models Saunderson’s Models J and B filled out the 1915 series. The Light and Super Light-Weight models closed out Saunderson’s production after the war.

Power & Size 23–25 hp; weight: 1860kg (4100lb) length: 366cm (144in) width: 168cm (66in) height: 213cm (84in) Manufacturing & Distribution Built at Saunderson’s Elstow Works in Bedfordshire, the machine was also exported to Australia, New Zealand and Africa. Saunderson also operated British Canadian Agricultural Tractors Ltd. in Saskatoon, Canada.

Uses The W4 was the modern workhorse, a sturdy, standard-tread tractor for drawbar work. With a side-mounted belt pulley for threshing and a power take-off at the rear for mowing or baling, the W4 was a master of all trades.

Related Models This model was accompanied on dealers’ lots by the larger W6 and W9 and was replaced by the five-speed Super W4 in 1953.

Power & Size 22–24 hp (distillate-petrol) weight: 1905kg (4200lb) length: 287cm (113in) width: 147cm (58in) height: 140cm (55in) Manufacturing & Distribution Well over 24,000 W4s were built in Chicago, Illinois, from 1940 to 1953, and were sold in North America, the UK, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. After the war, IHC opened a factory in Doncaster, England.

Images from “Beautiful Tractors – Iconic Models” by Rick Mannen : [^Znmb_neer beenlmkZm^] k^\hk] h_ -) h_ ma^ phke] l fhlm fZ`gbÛ\^gm% \eZllb\ Z`kb\nemnkZe fZ\abg^l% ]Zmbg` _khf *2*0 mh *20/' Iahmh`kZiar [r <ebo^ Lmk^^m^k' In[ebla^] [r ?kZg\^l Ebg\heg Ebfbm^]' Available in paperback: £12.99. For further information : www.franceslincoln.com www.farmingscotlandmagazine.com

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Valtra TI83 Direct 50kph, Front & Cab Suspension, Front Linkage, Metallic Black. (New) Please Phone For Special Price.

Dieci Agrifarmer 32.7 XS Ex-Demo Easy ride, Aircon.

NEW Polaris Ranger Diesels in Stock.

VALTRA PARTS & TOOLING available with 30% discount while stocks last.

All Dieci Telehandlers come with 2 Years Warranty

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WILKS BROTHERS Main dealers in Perthshire for DEUTZ FAHR Tractors

The new 5, 6 and 7 Series Tractors

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country woman

Meet four women from the RHASS Since 1784, the Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland (RHASS) has been the respected standard-bearer for farming and rural industry in Scotland.

A registered charity, the purpose of RHASS is to support and encourage the best of agriculture, to communicate and bring to life its value and develop a greater appreciation of the impact of agriculture on everyday life.

A Board of 59 Trustees, elected from eight geographical regions throughout Scotland, oversees the activities of the Society, with the Chief Executive and his team heading up the day-to-day running of the business. Holding a seat on the board of such an esteemed organisation carries with it responsibilities; however, it is considered a great honour, enriching the lives of those involved.

Here we meet some of the female RHASS Directors whose efforts are helping to shape the future of this agricultural charityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s remit.

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56 rural

STYLE

By Helen Burness

The luxury of Alpaca Fur from Samantha Holmes The Alpaca fur used in Samantha Holmesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; products is ethically sourced. The Alpacas from which the skins are removed are not killed for their fur.

There is a tradition in Peru which has developed as a result of the death of weaker and very young Alpaca in the harsh Andean Winters. Alpaca roam freely in their natural terrain on the Altiplano of the Andes where temperatures can plummet in the Winter. The fur Samantha Holmes sources is mainly from baby Alpacas - or â&#x20AC;&#x153;criaâ&#x20AC;? - which have died of natural causes.

The farmers do not kill their baby alpacas for their skins because it is not financially viable for them to do so. The skins are tiny. Alpacas can live for 20 years, promising a lifetime of shearing potential of far greater value than a single pelt.

Samantha Holmes Alpaca Fur Trim Snood ÂŁ150 Stunning Alpaca Fur Neck Tube / Snood. Real Alpaca fur trim, coconut buttons and split seam to side. Can be worn up or down. 70% baby alpaca and 30% bamboo.

Matching fingerless mittens and hat available.

Samantha Holmes Alpaca Travel Shawl RRPÂŁ105 A design classic, this generous 90x190cm shawl comes pre-rolled in a matching drawstring bag to make a neat little travel pillow.

Deliciously light blend of Baby Alpaca (70%) and Bamboo fibre (30%), the shawl is silky soft, whisper light and hypoallergenic.

Versatile for all occasions but ideal on long flights, on holiday, at weddings, garden parties. Weightlessly warm, our travel shawl is usable Winter or Summer, and the bolster bag protects it when you're not wearing it. The item comes in a protective card sleeve with pen & ink illustrations on the various uses.

Samantha Holmes Greenpark, Charlotte Street, Helensburgh Tel: 01436 676777 www.samanthaholmes.com 125

Southern Belle THEREâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S NO PLACE LIKE HOME Sitting at my desk looking out onto the snow which is uncharacteristically still covering the village street after two weeks, I am thinking about the 40C I left only last week to return home to South West Scotland. We all dream of warm weather but is it enough to make us happy?

There is no denying that getting the sun on your back makes us all feel better but here during the winter if we have respite from continual rain, even if it is two weeks hard frost, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a nice change which lifts our spirits. The days are getting noticeably longer and that amazing sunsets which we are having here in Dumfries & Galloway at the moment leave all of us in awe of how lucky we are to live where we do. The bin man hasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t managed to get to the village for two weeks (although my daughters Vauxhall Corsa didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have a problem) and we havenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t

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seen a snow plough or gritter but somehow itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not that important and chopping logs is a more productive way of keeping fit than helping to finance the local gym but paying for a subscription which you only use the first two weeks in January. Walking the dog gets me out and allows me to enjoy the surroundings as well as making the dogâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s day.

With an article to write and persistent writers block due to a self-imposed caffeine reduction regime, the phone goes and my neighbour wonders if I like to go for a coffee while she delivers potatoes.

In a nano second Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m off! Resolution forgotten repeating lifeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s too short and this year Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m going to be kinder to myself. So with the addition of two cups of coffee a fruit scone and a good catch up I arrive back home refreshed and raring to go! Might just have lunch before I startâ&#x20AC;¦â&#x20AC;¦.

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ART with Carole Ingram

Looking at the work of artists inspired by Scotland's rural surroundings and culture

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lifestyle OUTDOOR FASHION IDEAS Style with stretch appeal!

Anyone up for polo?

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Bags of style from Thistlecraft

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RSABI is here to Help %\ 3DXO 7LQVRQ

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RSABI is a unique rural charity with roots going back to 1897 and a determination to make a real difference to people in Scotland.

Helping people who have depended on the land, RSABI assists those faced with crisis because of accident, ill-health, redundancy or other misfortune and those in retirement who struggle to pay essential bills.

RSABI has ambitious plans to increase the number of people it helps. With over ÂŁ520,000 provided to over 500 beneficiaries last year, the need for this unique charity remains. This winter RSABI seeks to alleviate the effects of fuel hardship.

Their Help for Heating Fund has provided up to ÂŁ5,000 in separate payments of ÂŁ300.

Thankfully RSABI is here to help people like â&#x20AC;&#x153;Katherineâ&#x20AC;?: Following the passing of a well-respected Scottish farmer, his widow found herself with little retirement provision and only her home to show for years of work. Putting aside

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her pride, she approached RSABI in desperation when her modest savings ran out, meaning she was struggling to keep herself warm and to run her car. RSABI immediately provided a delivery of heating oil, before taking her on as an Annual Beneficiary.

Support RSABI today!

For those fortunate not to need help, please consider a donation by becoming an RSABI supporter. You, or your company can join as an Individual (min ÂŁ25), Business (min ÂŁ150) or Corporate supporter (min ÂŁ500).

Business level is appropriate for working farm businesses and donations made by standing order are gratefully received.

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PEOPLE ON THE MOVE

Jon Rennie Herbert Engineering, the leader in agricultural handling systems, has appointed Jon Rennie as operations manager.

A manufacturing systems engineering graduate from Nottingham Trent University and with experience of working in a global, world class, lean manufacturing environment, Jon joins Herbert from Cooper Roller Bearings where he spent 18 years in various roles, most recently operations manager.

Dr Alex Nichols Dr Alex Nichols, an experienced agronomist and Regional Business Manager with Dow AgroSciences has been promoted to the role of UK Cereals Market Manager.

“It is an exciting time to take on this new role. Dow AgroSciences has committed to delivering solutions to farming’s needs through innovation. The next few years will see new products being launched to complement our established products for UK’s cereal farmers,” says Dr Nichols.

John Wilson BDC Systems Ltd, the market leader in the supply of grain care equipment and machinery for both on-farm and industrial applications, has announced the appointment of John Wilson as Northern Area Sales Manager.

John joins BDC from G Marshall Tractors Ltd in the Scottish Borders where his role was in business development. Prior to that John spent many years with agricultural machinery supplier J Rutherford Earlston Ltd in roles including MD and building & installation manager, where he oversaw the grain handling and fixed equipment department in a project management capacity.

Steven Kipper Tong Peal Engineering, the UK’s leading designer and manufacturer of vegetable grading and handling equipment, has boosted its sales team with the appointment of a new area sales manager who will help drive sales in 2015.

Steven Skipper has over 25 years experience and has worked for UK machinery manufacturers in the agricultural, food processing and recycling industries.

138

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Despite being situated just 20 miles north of mainland Scotland, for many centuries Orkney’s culture was more Scandinavian than Scottish.

Battered by strong westerly winds, the climate resulted in a scarcity of trees and the tradition for wellconstructed stone structures such as caches and bothys.

As a result the islands boast a large number of exceptionally well-preserved remains, which help to form a detailed picture of Orcadian life through the ages. Not only are these sites monuments to the rich and varied tapestry of Orcadian history, they are also fascinating attractions for the thousands of tourists who visit the islands each year.

In Orkney: A Historical Guide, author Caroline Wickham-Jones has created a comprehensive volume exploring Orkney’s rich heritage for those looking to explore the culture of the islands. A must-read for those who would like to know more about its enigmatic history, this detailed guide takes in sites and remains from the Neolithic age to the twentieth century.

Maps and illustrations assist in painting a thorough picture of the islands and their historical sites, and give a clear indication of the location

of each of these fascinating creations.

Orkney’s islands boast a rich cacophony of sites and settlements. Think Stone Age stone circles, burials from the Bronze Age and Iron Age brochs. Across the islands sites of Viking castles and the magnificent cathedral of St Magnus in Kirkwall all add to the rich and varied heritage of the islands. Stunning Renaissance palaces, a Martello tower from the Napoleonic Wars and numerous remains from the Second World War are all explored, explained and put on the map using WickhamJones’ expertise.

Having worked extensively on Orcadian archaeological sites for many years, Caroline Wickham-Jones is an authority on the history of the islands to provide a detailed survey of the principal palaces and sites of historical interest. She studied archaeology at Edinburgh University and is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. She has also conducted research throughout Scotland, Ireland and Scandanavia and is the author of numerous articles and publications, including Scotland’s First Settlers.

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