Falmouth's Local Marine Life
A simple guide to some of the marine life around Falmouth Bay. Mark Milburn January 2012 
Mark Milburn
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A Unique Area?
The wildlife around Falmouth is extremely varied. Falmouth Bay's unique position of having two different river estuaries feeding into the bay from two sides brings a lot of life into the area. The Fal estuary with it's many tributaries to the north and the Helford River to the west bring nutrients into the Bay. Apart from the microscopic plankton, which is everywhere, there are certain life forms which are at home in Falmouth Bay in huge numbers. Maerl, a special type of calcified seaweed is in abundance around the bay and estuaries. Large beds exist in the Fal estuary, an area just south of Pendennis Point, Percuil River and the Helford River. Maerl can also be found dotted around the bay but not in any depth as exists within the main beds. Maerl creates a unique habitat to lots of small creatures which changes between day and night. Mark Milburn
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Parts of Falmouth Bay are covered in Brittle Stars, small starfish like creatures carpet the sea bed in their millions. The central disc of the Brittle star comes in an wide variety of colours from blue to orange and white alternating segments. Their legs can be seen pointing upwards trying to collect suspended organisms that have washed out of the rivers. Feather stars can be found on the more exposed rocky areas like the Manacles. Other starfish include the 'Bloody Henry', Spiny Starfish and the 7 Armed Starfish. Urchins are closely related to starfish and the common Sea Urchin can be found on the deeper rocks and reefs. Although they feed mainly on sea weed they stay well away from the low water mark. Different types of Sea Cucumbers are also plentiful, including the surface crawling 'spiny' cucumber which likes similar locations to the Urchin and the mud and rock dwelling species. Around the rocky coastline there are many types of red, green and brown sea weed (algae) including Kelp, Wracks, Sugar Kelp and Thongweed. There are also Sea Grass beds within the Helford River and just off Swanpool Beach. The Sea Grass is home to many small species including everything from Cuttlefish to Nudibranchs live there. Along the rocks fish such as Wrasse, Pollock and Whiting patrol the water, while Blennies & Long-Spined Sea Scorpions wait on the rocks and in the cracks. Conger Eels are usually at home amongst the wrecks or deeper rock crevasses, usually accompanied by a group of Mark Milburn
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prawns . Larger Pollack and Bib are common fish found shoaling around the wrecks. Rock Cooks and the Goldsinny are common around the deeper reefs. Tiny Two-spotted Clingfish attach themselves to rocks and shells, while the Greater Pipefish lays on the sea bed in shallow water relatively motionless. Dragonets are also found on the sand as well as many types of Gobies. Of the fish in Falmouth Bay, the male Cuckoo Wrasse is by far the most colourful with it's electric blue and orange colouring. The Corkwing and Ballen Wrasse are also very common with interesting colours and markings.
There are many types of crabs around the bay, across the sea bed you can find Hermit Crabs, Decorator Spider Crabs and Brown Crabs. Green Swimming Crabs and Harbour Crabs tend to be closer to the rocks or within the estuaries. Spider Crabs can be found either within the kelp or moving almost enmasse across the sea bed as they move to and from their mating grounds.
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Lobsters usually restrict themselves to the safe haven of a wreck or a deep crack/crevasse , whereas Squat Lobsters can be found within the rocks or on rocks on the river beds.
Nudibranchs are usually on the deeper rocks but Sea Hares can be found in abundance on the Helford River bed. Sea Lemons can be found both on the sand and on the rocks all around the bay.
Seasonal visitors such as Bass are rarely spotted but are regularly caught by fishermen. Mackerel come and go throughout the year and sometimes you can see the sea boiling as they feed close to the surface.
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The biggest seasonal visitor is the Basking Shark. This massive fish wanders into the area around late May looking for the Plankton Bloom. In 2006 there were so many around the bay they became a danger to small boats. The sharks would not have been hurt but the boat owners would have been in serious trouble if they came in contact with one. Sun Fish have also been known to visit the area during the summer months. Other members of the shark family, such as the Lesser Spotted Dogfish (Cat Shark) and the Thornback Ray are much more common. Spotted Rays do appear but are less common than the Thornback Ray. Thornback Rays move in during the spring to feed and breed. Mark Milburn
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The larger adult Bull Huss makes occasional visits to the area. Juvenile Thornback Rays and Bull Huss can sometimes be found in the Fal Estuary. Angler Fish (Monkfish) rarely come into the bay but in 2011 there were quite a few smaller ones lying in camouflage on the coarse sand. Red Gurnard also like waiting on the coarse sand 'walking' away as you get closer. Flatfish such as Plaice, Flounder, Dover Sole, Topknots, Dab, Brill and Turbot can be fund scattered within the Bay and Helford River. Cod are occasionally sighted lying on the coarse sand. Ling can be found around the wrecks and juvenile ones can be spotted within the Fal estuary. Compass Rose and Blue Jellyfish are seasonal, with the Blue being quite prolific at times. Cuttlefish can be found at most times of the day whilst Octopus tend to be nocturnal. Other nocturnal life includes Red Mullet, which appear in quantity after sunset. Even fresh water Eels have been spotted after sundown.
Molluscs are found everywhere. King and Queenie Scallops can be seen on the coarse sand as can Whelks. Whilst you can only see the tell tale signs of Cockles and Clams, which are buried in the sand. Razor Clams are also buried in the sand, usually just deeper than low water but some get caught out on low spring tides. Mark Milburn
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The Candy Striped Flatworm isn't common but can be spotted on the deeper wrecks and reefs. Mussels and Barnacles adorn any mooring rope as well as the shallower rocks, whilst Limpets are only at home on the shallower rocks.
Anemones are everywhere. Jewel Anemones can literally cover the deeper rocks and reefs. Plumose Anemones can do the same to wrecks. DeadMans Fingers and Red Dead Mans Fingers can be found over wrecks and reefs. Pink Sea Fans are also at home on both wrecks and reefs but tend to be seen on the much deeper wrecks or the deeper reefs. Tube Worms and burrowing sea Anemones like the faster moving waters of the estuaries but can also be found in different parts of the sandy sea bed. Beadlet and Dahlia Anemones can be found across the rocks at most depths. Strawberry and Snakelock Anemones prefer the shallower waters.
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Devonshire Cup Corals are quite common and can be extremely colourful especially when photographed with a camera strobe.
There is an abundance of life including an extremely rare Worm Anemone Scolanthis Callimorphus, photographed in the Fal estuary.
Mark Milburn
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Last but not least, our biggest local marine animals, Seals and Dolphins. Atlantic Grey Seals are quite common and can usually be seen at low water around Black Rock, basking in the sun. Bottlenose Dolphins are also common visitors and often escort boats around the bay. Common Dolphins are less common inshore but have been spotted on the outskirts of the bay. There are many species that haven't had a mention including any Sponges, Sea Squirts, Hydroids and Bryozoans. The species mentioned are mainly 'common names' and are only a sample of their genus found in Falmouth Bay. There are just too many to mention in a simple guide. When I state 'deeper' this usually means below 10m. The Kelp doesn't grow much below 15m and the area between 10m and 15m can be a mixture of wildlife. Sponsored by
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Mark Milburn
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Photo Information Page 1 - Tompot Blenny (top), Male Cuckoo Wrasse, Grey Seal Page 2 - Octopus Page 3 - Brittle Star, Tompot Blenny Page 4 - Male Cuckoo Wrasse, Decorator Spider Crab with Brittle Stars Page 5 - Lobster, Coryphella Browni (nudibranch), Limacia Clavigera (nudibranch) Page 6 - Basking Shark, Dogfish Page 7 - Flounder, Red Mullet Page 8 - Candy Striped Flatworm, Jewel Anemones, Plumose Anemones Page 9 - Devonshire Cup Coral, Scolanthis Callimorphus Page 10 - Grey Seal
Mark Milburn
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