HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY Psychology is related to several other disciplines, including sociology, philosophy, anthropology, physiology, and neuroscience. Psychology was originally studied as a branch of philosophy and has been studied on some levels in ancient cultures, including the Egyptians. Modern psychology was first thought of as an independent scientific field in Germany in the 1970s. It was originally studied in a research format by Wilhelm Wundt, who created the first psychological laboratory. Early researchers were William James, who first studied pragmatism, Hermann Ebbinghaus, who first studied memory, and Ivan Pavlov, who worked with dogs in the development of classical conditioning. Borne out of experimental psychology were different kinds of applied psychology. Psychology was applied to many different fields, including the legal system and industry. The first psychology clinic was established by Lightner Witmer in the 1890s. Mental testing was also first established in the 1890s. It was also at this time that Sigmund Freud developed his theory and practice of psychoanalysis. The early Twentieth Century brought about John B Watson and BF Skinner, who first studied issues related to behaviorism. This became popular because of the fact that behavior could be easily examined and quantified. These early behaviorists didn t concern themselves with the mind because it was considered to be too vague a topic to actually study. The latter half of the Twentieth Century was when cognitive psychology was developed. The mind was increasingly studied in order to apply the findings to different aspects of applied psychology, including the field of artificial intelligence, which continues to be a popular psychological field of research. The first uses of the term psychology” predates the practice of psychology. It was a branch of philosophy developed in the late 1500s. It was later popularized in the early 1700s by a German philosopher named Christian Wolff. It was originally thought of as the study of the soul. Rene Descartes looked at psychology as a part of his philosophy in
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