Key Takeaways

KEY TAKEAWAYS

• Traditionally, the nervous system was divided into the CNS and PNS but now the autonomic nervous systems and enteric nervous systems have been added to this.

• The cerebral cortex is divided into two major hemispheres that are not identical to one another.

• There are four distinct lobes to the cerebrum that have different functions.

• The brain is covered by three meningeal layers and has fluid-filled ventricles that help to flush toxins.

• There are two major circulatory pathways to the brain that become interconnected in the brain as the Circle of Willis.

• The deeper brain structures have multiple subconscious functions that modulate things like memory, emotions, sensations, motor skills, and autonomic functions.

• The cerebellum is most related to balance, learned movements, and posture.

• The brainstem has many pathways going through it but also has centers for basic functions like maintenance of breathing and heart rate.

• The spinal cord has ascending and descending pathways.

• Spinal nerves come out of the spinal cord at different levels to serve different myotomes and dermatomes.