Chapter Fourteen

4. Answer: b. This methane gas is given off by the animals' GI tracts but is not a part of the animals' metabolism. It is given off by the bacteria in the GI tracts of these animals.

5. Answer: b. The three things you need to make ozone on the ground are sunlight, VOCs, and nitrogen oxides. These things need to chemically interact in order to make ozone.

6. Answer: c. Each of these risked having too much ground-level ozone near the earth's surface. There is no increased risk of sunburn unless you are talking about a reduction in ozone in the upper atmosphere as part of CFC activity interacting with our existing ozone layer.

7. Answer: c. Both sulfur dioxide carbonaceous particulate matter are seen in London fog but not in Los Angeles smog, due to the ways it is made.

8. Answer: a. Each of these is a major component of Los Angeles smog, except for carbon dioxide which is not a component of any type of smog.

9. Answer: a. Each of these can contribute to acid deposition to the earth's surface. While wind can allow these other things to travel distances, it does not contain these substances by itself.

10. Answer: d. While all of these can contribute to acid rain, it is actually the power plants and factories that burn fossil fuels in order to make electricity for us that contribute most to the acid rain in our environment.

CHAPTER FOURTEEN

1. Answer: d. White light coming from the sun does not have a specific wavelength. Instead, it is a range of wavelengths from 750 to 400 nanometers, which is the visible wavelength range.

2. Answer: b. Violet is light with the shortest wavelength, but we do not see this as the color of the sky because our eyes are not particularly sensitive to the violet color.

3. Answer: c. A red object will absorb many colors but will absorb the green color the most.

4. Answer: a. Infrared rays are heat waves emitted by the sun; these provide us with the heat energy we use to keep the entire planet warm.

5. Answer: d. Without any atmosphere to scatter any of the sun's rays, sunset and all other times on the moon would show a white coloration. This is the summation of all light energy waves emitted from the sun.

6. Answer: b. A waning gibbous moon is one where the moon is disappearing but has not yet reached its third phase.

7. Answer: c. A blood moon is a reddish coloration to the moon but you might see a full lunar eclipse, in which the light reflected off of the moon comes from around the periphery of the earth.

8. Answer: b. A blue moon happens when you see to full moons in the same calendar month. This occurrence happens approximately every 2 ½ years.

9. Answer: a. You need an unobstructed view of the horizon they very clear day to see a green flash at the time of sunset. You can also see it from a tall building or airplane or mountaintop. A rainy day or rainstorm might obstruct your view.

10. Answer: d. If you remember the phrase Roy G. Biv, you will know that after the yellow and heading toward the violet end of the spectrum, you will see the color green.