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Light is Simplism.

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ISSUE no.1

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----Definition and Philosophical Significance.

In philosophical field, the word is always connected with human’s mental and psychological states, showing themselves in forms of the closure of knowledge, self-knowledge and infallibility. That is to say, originally the luminosity, which was present in artworks, colors, mosaics and painting materials, influenced people with its purity and energy, which made people explore the heuristic meanings of it (Gage 1999). Afterwards, it is considered as a representative of infallibility, certainty, incorrigibility and transparency by some philosophers, which strongly effects people’s cognitions during they make sure of their positions and capacities (Neta & Rohrbaugh 2004). The stronger capacities and cognitions that people develop to gain and maintain knowledge, to know themselves and to reach infallibility, the stronger the luminosity is.

uminosity, as is defined by Collins dictionary, is used to explain

the condition of being luminous (Collins 2010). For instance, the luminosity of sun presents how bright the sun is. Physically, luminosity can be used to describe the healthy glow on people’s skin (Collins 2010). The word is also used in astronomy to present the measure of how much radiant power a star emits, in order to show how energetic it is. Luminosity, which is seldom used at present and usually appears in poem collections (Collins 2010), also has its philosophical meanings.

References: Harper Collins Publisher, 2010. Definition of Luminosity.

Accessed 13 August 2017. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ luminosity Gage, J., 1999. Color and meaning: Art, science, and symbolism.

Univ of California Press.

Neta, R. and Rohrbaugh, G., 2004. Luminosity and the Safety of Knowledge. Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 85(4), pp.396-406.

Photo: Taken by Ziyan Qi, on January 29th 2015.

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UMINOSITY

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House of Dior -- Christian De Portzamparc http://www.christiandeportzamparc.com/en/

"...I wanted the surfaces to flow, like the couturier’s soft, woven white cotton fabric. These surfaces, which soar into the sky and undulate as if in motion, crossed by a few lines, are made from long moulded fiber glass shells, fitted together with aircraft precision."

--Christian De Portzamparc

The House of Dior located in Seoul, South Korea is one of the most significant buildings for Dior because of its smooth and flowy white façade which is inspired by the shape of ship flag and absolutely eye-catching.

The significant outlook of the building also makes the luminosity condition really special. After the sunset, the lighting systems of the building are cut and sculpted by the curvy facades. The luminosity present in the building is also endowed with special flowy and curvy shapes and provides the building fascinating character.

The designer Christian made the building stick to the sky and the luminosity created in the evenings creates a strong contrast with the dark sky. The facades of the building make the patterns of luminosity stand out and let the performance of lighting changeable on different level of the building, which endows the building ornamental value in the evenings.

Very different with the House of Dior, the Neanderthal Museum designed by Barozzi Veiga studio in Spain makes the shade and light in the building more regular. Because of the whole structure and style tend to be more geometrical, the luminosity of the building is carved out and becomes different sizes of rectangular, circular and triangular patterns. And the patterns of luminosity can change their sizes and features as the views are changing.

Also, the stronger and shaper lines of the building makes the contrast between shades and lights more dramatic and apparent because the strong ability of light blocking, which, meanwhile, makes the luminosity feature of the building stand out. How luminosity presents in the museum seems to have clean and sharp features, which provides a neat feeling to people and makes scenes in order.

If the light performed by the House of Dior is described to be a soft and flowy skirt of a young lady, then the luminosity patterns in Neanderthal Museum is definitely a set of tang rams with lots of imaginations and creation. As the luminoaity is presented differently in buildings with various styles, the visual and mental experience it gives to people can also make a huge differences. So, luminosity can decide how people react to a building and should be regarded as an irreplaceable part of architecture characters.

Neanderthal Museum--Barozzi Veiga http://barozziveiga.com/projects/

uminosity in Architecture -----Case Analysis PLACE--

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Math Lawn

Site Infomation

----Site Plan

General Site Infomation: Total Area: about 16480 sq.m Math Lawn Area: about 2400 sq.m Surrounding Buildings: -Barr Smith Library -Braggs Lecture Theatre -Molescular Life Science Building -Engineering Building -Math Building

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Scale 1:2000

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Math Lawn

Site Infomation

----Buildings Elevations

Math Building--South Elevation

Engineering Building--South Elevation

Barr Smith Library--East Elevation

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Ground Views

Aerial Views

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Site in Summer

Site on December 25th, 9:00a.m.

Site on December 25th, 12:00 noon.

Site on December 25th, 15:00 p.m.

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Site on June 22nd, 12:00 noon.

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Site on June 22nd, 15:00 p.m.

Site in Winter

Site on June 22nd, 9:00a.m.

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Access and Movement

Pavings

Grass Lawn

Access for buildings

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Photographic Study ----Ambient Light

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Additional Information

View of Barr Smith Library.

View of the Lecture Theatre,

Redish Brown Facades of the Braggs Building.

The math lawn is located on the central area of the University of Adelaide as one of the historical lawn. Surrounded by five main educational buildings, the lawn has become one of the most popular site among students and staff in the university. A large number of people would pass by and choose the site for relaxation, meeting and entertainment.

Also some activities would be held on the site, which makes it an essential part of uni life.

The building surrounding the site are relatively Barr Smith Library, the Engineering Building, the Math Building, a lecture theatre and the Mocular Life Science Building. The style and identity of the site are given by two types of texture of building facades. One is made by redish brown bricks that emphasizes the historical feature of the site and buildings. The other one is reflective glass what provide sense of modern and technology.

Mirror/Glass Facades of the Lecture Theatre.

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eflection, as is defined by Collins dictionary, is a throwing back motion of light, heat or sound sent back by a smooth surface without being absorbed (Collins 2010). For example, when people see an object in glass, mirror or water, they actually see the reflection of it.

As is defined in social and emotional aspects, reflection can also be used in describing people’s attitudes and comments impacted by the revealing of social situation. Emotionally, reflection can be an impression or thoughts of people caused by certain object or event. Philosophically, reflection is human’s sensation and observation of the internal operation of mind (Encyclopaedia Britannica 2017). Cited by John Locke, some instances of reflection are about perceiving, thinking, doubting, believing, reasoning, knowing, and willing (Encyclopaedia Britannica 2017). As one of the three logical acts of understandings, reflection is the primary one followed by comparison and abstraction (Philosophy Dictionary 2008). It is the beginning and essential of generating any concept (Philosophy Dictionary 2008). That is to say, when people encounter with any new knowledge and concept, instantly they will reflect to it in forms of perceiving it, thinking about it, believing or doubting it.

eflection

----Definition and Philosophical Significance.

Theoretical Diagram of Ref lection & Refraction https://simple. wikipedia. org/wiki/ Refraction

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http://www.travelledpaths.com/a-moment-of-reflection/

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Iridescence is also a popular and creative form of the use of lights in architecture. Usually it creates strong visual impact and colorful illusion by deconstructing the light into three-primary colors—red, green and blue. Some architects also make use of colorful glass or other materials to create visual effect like iridescence.

Taking the Design Wing as an example, the architects introduced tinted glass as material and special holographic treatment. In order to celebrate the fifth anniversary for the main museum, the separate building Design Wing was built to provide an extra decoration for Shanghai Museum of Glass. The concept of Design Wing is to breath new life into the formal industrial building. Apparently, the designers gave the old building new life by adding the minimalist extension and eye-catching colors with the use of tinted glass on spot-light area. By exploring what glass and lights can do, the tinted glass bridge connecting the old museum and the new building. It helps people adapt themselves before being evolved into the new building that is a more revolutionary space that exhibits the environments made of glass and explain the biggest possibilities that glass can offer. Visually, the bridge decorated by tinted glass facades stands out from the concrete building façade and become unique and identified at first sight. Insides, inspired by iridenscence, the colorful illusion created by glass and light provides a really special visual experience for people.

Casa Brutale Concept Illustration --OPA http://www.archdaily. com/769631/live-onthe-edge-with-opascasa-brutale

In terms of the reflections in architecture, most of them are presents by the use of lights and materials.

Taking the Casa Brutale as an example, despite of the Internet drama, the project thatAis still at concept level, makes good use of the reflection and refraction of lights though water media. With the concept “be far more impressive than falling water”, the architecture that is inlayed in a mountain cliff is designed to have glass facades, so that the sunlight can go through water in top space and create a rippling refraction, forming a series of special patterns on the internal concrete walls. It provides an illusion and a special experience to people so they can imagine the life under the water.

Through the lower façade, the reflection of lights can also be created when the sun hits the glass wall, so that create a strong contrast to the dark concrete walls. The Casa Brutale is making itself a solid form of water by using glass material, water, as well as reflection and refraction of lights, which makes the project a really worthwhile example when it comes to reflection and refraction.

eflection in Architecture

Design Wing, Beijing Museum --Coordination Asia http://www.archdaily.com/769631/live-on-the-edge-with-opas-casa-brutale

-----Case Analysis IDEA--

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Spatial Diagram Glass Skylights LED Frame Entrance 1 Entrance 2

Stairways

Underground Maze

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• Mirror Walls -- Reflection • Plaster Facades

----LIGHT PAVILION

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Light Pavilion

General Infomation ----Plan, Section & Elevation

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The first idea of light pavilion is designed as a space mainly underground. Through two entrances, people can enter the underground space and horoughly experience the light and shadow brought by the changes of sun lights. The glass skylights are connections between the ground and area beneath as well as two pieces of grass lawns, which introduce sun lights and create rectangularshaped shadow, also provides windows for people on the ground to enjoy the underground views.

Plan 1:300

Section

1: 500

North Elevation 1:700

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IDEA1

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Ground Views

Aerial Views

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Light Pavilion

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Spatial Diagram

----LIGHT PAVILION

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Circular Skylights Glass Barrier

LED Lighting Bars

Underground LED Lighting Bars

Underground Oval • Glass Walls -- Transparency & Refraction • Mirror Floor -- Reflection

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\/* Light Pavilion

General Infomation ----Plan, Section & Elevation

IDEA 2 With different use of lights, the second idea mainly introduces solar energy and LED lights to create a luminous atmosphere. The LED bars surrounding two circular view platforms absorb the energy provided by sun lights in day time. Also, lighting groups can create sharp shadow because the number of LED in each group gradually decrease towards the orientation of sun lights.

The design can hopefully make the site a luminous spotlight without any wastes of energy.

Plan 1:500

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North Elevation 1:1500

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Section 1:500

Ground Views

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Aerial Views

IDEA 2 Light Pavilion

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Idea 1 in day time.

-- Internal Experience

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Visual Illustration

Idea 2 in day time.

Cube Tube --SAKO Architects http://www.archdaily.com/241038/cube-tube-in-jinhuasako-architects

The 9-floor ‘Cube Tube’ located in Zhejiang, China really stands out from the traditional forms of Chinese architecture, which introduced the use of glass and lights to create modern and luminous features for a building.

The building that is now used as both office building and restaurant apparently has a unique, even a cartoon style outlook in the first sight of lots of people. The general shape of the building is a simple huge cube, which is not hard to figure out. The square windows randomly distributed on the facades provide a formalized but interesting feeling. If people take a close look at it, those square windows with various sizes are actually formed by even smaller squares which divide the whole façade in to even square pieces, so that it gives people a rigid, strict but not boring feeling.

The aluminum material on the facades reflects most of the sub rays in daytime and create a contrast with the greyish black tinted glass windows, which helps to reduce the ultraviolet rays and enhance the sense of privacy for people insides. Because of the absolute vertical status of the building, each façade accepts the sun light to great extent, which make the sun light going through the square windows form a large number of square light spots on the interior walls insides the building. Except for the good quality of the lights in the daytime, the designers place square lights on the interior walls and ceilings of the building to stimulate the shape of light spots, which nicely compliments the internal view in the daytime and build association between the internal looks in different times of a day.

Light Quality -- Precedent Study IDEA--

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Nonopaque.

Opaque.

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Derived from French opacité and Latin opacitas, the word opacity is always used as an antonym to transparency. Opacity is defined as a term describing the quality of lacking transparency or translucence (Oxford Dictionary 2017). For instances, the opacity of smoke or paints can describe how opaque and saturated they are and how much transparency decreased by them (Figure 1&2). Besides, for assessing a statement, the word can also present its quality of being understood and obscure (Oxford Dictionary 2017). That is to say, a sentence or a statement can be of high opacity if it is pellucid.

Figure 1 https://helpx.adobe.com/ee/indesign/using/blending-colors.html

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Figure 2 https://helpx.adobe.com/ee/indesign/ using/blending-colors.html

In Philosophical field, the use of opacity always cooperates with the assessment of narratives or statements (Lamarque, 2014), which is similar to the second linguistic explanation discussed above. The conception of opacity in Peter Lamaque’s book was especially used in assessing a fictional work. In term of analyzing a fiction, how will people understand the content is strongly determined by the ways authors describe it. In converse of opacity, transparency of a certain fictional work is mainly present by the openess of how a statement is described, which is useful in opening up readers’ mind and providing a wider fictional world with people’s own imaginations (Lamarque, 2014). The comparison emphasizes the importance of the opacity of statements and narratives (Lamarque, 2014). According to the researches above, it is easy to find out that opacity, that has similarity with luminosity and reflection, strongly relates to human’s inner operation of mind. To be specific, the opacity of human’s mental status affects how they develope and accept self-knowledge, thinking patterns and self-certainty (Carruthers, 2011). High opaciy of human’s mind decides on the sensor of affect, the awareness of emotion and self-mindreading (Carruthers, 2011), which would help people a lot to recognize their psychological changes and mental condition.

pacity ----Definition and Philosophical Significance.

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References: Oxford University Press, 2017. Definition of Opacity in English. Accessed 25th September 2017.

Carruthers, P., 2011. The opacity of mind: an integrative theory of self-knowledge. OUP Oxford.

Peter Lamarque, 2014.The Opacity of Narrative, Rowman and Littlefield, 213pp.

Opacity and transprency are always present and defined by the diffusion of lights and the uses of materials in architecture. It’s usual to see architects introduce tranparency into buildings by using glass and nonopaque materials, in order to create more lightened atmosphere. However, althought oppsite to transparency, opacity is also a suitable element to emphasize the light difine spaces in architectures by using the comparison between light and shade.

Different from transparent materials, the architecture equipped with opaque colors or materials can effectively lighten up the indoor space by reflecting lights. Taking some of the modern architectures in Nordic countries, the architects used white color to create pure canvas as buildings’ facades and inner walls. The use of a large scale of opaque whiteness helps to create a higher reflectance and maximam the brightness in cold seasons. Dissimilar with nonopaque colors that would diffuse a large proportion of lights, the opacity present by whiteness in Nordic architectures can obvious introduce more light to the indoor area. The whiteness in medival churches in Denmark can be typical examples of opacity. As they used white plasters as material, light is emphasized enough to be the most important element in the churches. The saturated white color contrasts the dark materials strongly and endows the reflecting lights various patterns, which also provides people a poetic feeling, helps them to meditate well. Besides, the opaque whiteness can compliment with the white outside environment in snowy weather, which creates a nice combination of buildings and nature.

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Nordic Architectures http://www.archdaily.com/542503/light-matters-whiteness-in-nordic-countries

pacity in Architecture

Living Unit http://www.archdaily.com/874241/living-unit-ofis-architects

-----Case Analysis

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Another example in Slovenia also makes good use of opacity in a building. The Living Unit designed by OFIS Architects is definitely eye-catching by its black facades. The architecture is designed to be a holiday building with three cabins, for short-time habitating and touring. The relative small size allows it to be moved easily. The timber-framed structure is painted black, which creates opaque facades and strong visual effects. Architects used woods with petal yellow color. The light color inside creates a brignt space by reflecting sunlights and also contrasts with the black facades. In the overall view, the building provides a solid sharp feeling by its shape and facade color. With the helps of glass windows, the sunlights introduced in it are fully reflected by the opaque inner walls and brighten up the inner space.

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General Infomation ---Light Palivion Structure •PLAN •ELEVATION •SECTION

Plan 1:200

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Elecation 1:100

Section 1:120

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Light Pavilion

Aerial Views

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Ground Views

Light Pavilion

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Access Analysis ----Outdoor Access and Movements

Access to Light Pavilion

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Outdoor Movements

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Entrances of Pavilion Indoor Movements

Access Analysis ----Indoor Access and Movements FORM--

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Light Effect

--FORM

----Play with Sun and Shadow

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----Daytime

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Light Effect

----Nighttime

----The Power of Artificial Light FORM--

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Filtration is always used to describe the process or a technique of passing a liquid or gas through a piece of equipment to remove solid pieces or other substances (Cambridge Dictionary 2017). The word filtration is also widely used to describe biological and anatomic movements in physical, biological and anatomic fields.

ILTRATION

----Definition and Philosophical Significance.

Filtration--Physical Process

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Filtration and Dissolving

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Filtration of Cells

In biological field, filtration is related to the movements of cell. Filtration is movement of water and solute molecules across the cell membrane due to hydrostatic pressure generated by the cardiovascular system.

Depending on the size of the membrane pores, only solutes of a certain size may pass through it. For anatomy, filtration is always connected with diffusion and osmosis to describe pressure and water movement. In philosophical field, filtration is used to present the process of improvement. The Philosophical magazine took yellow sugar as an example—yellow sugar and lump sugar are strongly differentiated by the value and nutrition. To achieve the benefits of lump sugar, yellow sugar need to experience a complex process of filtration, cleaning the negative substances out so that it could achieve people’s preference and create greater price for itself. The process of evolution from yellow sugar to lump sugar clearly explains how filtration preformed. So once filtration is connected with the development and refinement of personality, knowledge would be taken into consideration. The filtration of knowledge is essential for promoting and building a personality. It helps people make choices to accept or abandon the information that they would receive everyday, making filtration to the information and reserving the part that would be helpful and heuristic.

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In Architecture Field, filtration is one of the most essential techniques that architects use in cooperation with light to diffuse the strength of daylight and create a brightened but softened indoor atmosphere. The theory lies in creating unsmooth surfaces to reduce the reflection of light when it hits the surfaces, and on contrary, be absorbed and diffused. Usually the architects would use different materials to create rough texture for facades and windows to absorb the strength of light. Taking the projects from Le Corbusier as example, he mastered a wide range of design elements such as orientation, opening and texture to limit the introduction of sunlight and form the shape of it, so that a kinetic indoor view could be created. As the sunlight presents the sense of holiness and divinity in many regions, Le Corbusier used the religious belief as a guideline and introduced tinted glass to filter the sunlight and endowed colors to it to present the power of deity in religious buildings. Also, textured facades that were made by brutal materials were evolved into his design as the basic destruction of strong light and light reflection.

F ",,, he breaks it twice – night and day – these two phases rule our destiny: A sun rises a sun sets a sun rises anew."

--Le poème de l’angle droit

Le Corbusier’s Church at Firminy shows his masterful uses of sunlight, orientation, light entrances and tinted glass. Located in the old mining and industrial area of Firminy city, the church has concrete facades that showed the sense of solemn and holiness. A group of small entrances on the ceiling mainly introduced the light to the indoor area. What is interesting is the geometrical shapes of those entrances molded the shapes of light spots. As the orientation of the sun is changing in a day, the locations and sizes of light spots would flow and change with it. Tinted glass was also used in ornamenting the effects of light. The color and density of sunlight creates a strong contrast with the darkness created by solid facades. The sharp lines between the light and darkness also divine the inner space and support the sense of preciseness in the church.

Another example is the famous Ronchamp by Le Corbusier. The Chapel has similarity with the church—the materials of those facades are quite brutal and raw which created unsmooth surfaces to absorb the sunlight. The thick facade blocked the sunlight and produce the dense darkness for the inside space. However, it also made the sunlight going through the window more intense by providing contrast to it. Those windows are placed on the facades of the chapel and used as entrances of sunlight. Tinted glass was also used to decorate the inside area. To avoid the sharpness and strength of the sunlight, Le Corbusier made the wall really rough and unsmooth to absorb a part of sunlight and reduce the density of it, so that a softened kinetic inner space could be created.

-----Case Analysis

ILTRATION IN ARCHITECTURE MATERIAL--

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----Light Pavilion Structure 1:100

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Light is Simplism

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Internal View ----Meeting Room

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Internal View ----Reading Area

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Internal View ----Stairways

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Location 39

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Light Pavilion

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Glass Skylights / LED Frame Entrance

Stairways

Components

Light Pavilion

Toilets

Meeting Room

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Bearing Loaded wall

Concrete Wood Cladding Frame

Concrete Cladding

Mirror

----Facade/Bearing Loaded Walls

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Construction Detail 1

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Construction Detail 2

Internal Wall

----Selected Furniture & Interior Wall

Sliding Door of Toilets

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Light is Simplism.

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LUMI Magazine Issue no.1 Contact: Ziyan Qi #1682771 mayday082469@gmail.com