High Street vs High End Comparison Report
Table of Contents 1 3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 34 35
Introduction Nautical Freedom Embroidered Relics Frivolous Frills Oriental Escape Fringe Benefits Romantic Red Bare Shoulder Crossover Conclusion References
Introduction Spring / Summer 2017 got off to a colorful start — it is full of floral and vibrant embroideries for this summer with embellishment details. The color of summer will never let change, with the reoccurrence of bright, vivid colors, like blue, red, yellow and white. Ruffles and corsets are back, one of the biggest hits of 2017. As the climate changes affects the fashion industry, trends are following through with changes of choice of fabrics, colors and production location. Fashion trends from last year; off-the-shoulders and embroidery are still leading styles. Based on comparative research, we have concluded 8 themes for the shop analysis: Nautical Freedom, Frivolous Frills, Oriental Escape, Fringe Benefits, Embellished Relics, Romantic Reds, Playful Shoulders and Corsets as the latest S/S 2017 fashion trends. These trends continue to repeat themselves in different forms and silhouettes.
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1. Nautical Freedom Blues and whites are known to elude a calm sense of refreshment and feelings of relaxation, accurately representing the peacefulness of a timeless summer. These colors are usually associated with oceanic imagery and exotic vacation destinations such as Greece or the Amalfi Coast. Striped clothing was initially required to be worn by socially excluded individuals such as criminals. With gradual acceptance within societies, the pattern made its way onto clothing for sailors and eventually introduced to the fashion world by Coco Chanel at the end of the first world war. This is a trickle up trend as it made its way from social communities and street-wear to high-end fashion, using the working outfit as an inspiration and transforming it into a prized fashion item. These blue and white striped garments are classic go-to staple pieces that are omnipresent, resurfacing every spring/summer season and usually appearing on light fabrics such as cotton and linen in loose-fitted, minimalistic silhouettes with clean cuts. They continue to remain as easy essentials for all types of consumers, especially Millennials in the working class that are able effectively translate these casual day-time garments into effortlessly elegant evening and night wear. ‘Made in Vietnam’ Taking full advantage of Vietnam’s young workforce and wages that are almost half as those in China, large fast-fashion brands are now shifting specific garment production to Vietnam (Chu, 2015). However, there are environmental concerns that the Vietnamese government needs to take into consideration while becoming the next major player in the global apparel industry. Although, Vietnam’s factories do not adhere to low minimum order quantities but have a structured strategy that revolves around offering low prices with high volumes. A downside to manufacturing in Vietnam are the import duty and shipping costs that need to be considered, depending on the garment style and fabric composition.from Business Innovation Facility, http://www.bifprogramme.org/sites/default/files/attachments/bif_burma_garments_market_analysis_strategy.pdf
https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-you-may-soon-see-more-goods-labeled-made-in-vietnam-1445211849
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Pull and Bear Frilled Jacket Dusty Blue 100% cotton HK$299 Made in Morocco
Mango Striped Cotton Shirt Dark Navy 100% Cotton HK$359 Made in Vietnam
Topshop Stripe Wrap Back Shirtdress Blue 60% Cotton, 40% Polyester HK$529 Made in Romania
Zara Striped Shirt Blue 100% Cotton HK$299 Made in Turkey
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PAIGEBOY Striped Dress Blue cOTTON HK$2,300 Made in INDIA
Harvey Nichols Striped Dress Blue 72% Cotton, 25% Nylon, 3% Elastane HK$5,900 Made in Italy
Gucci Ribbon Peter Pan Collar Ruffle Stripe Shirt Blue and White 100% Cotton HK$7,100 Made in Italy
Johanna Ortiz St Barts V Neck Peplum Top Navy Blue and White 97% Cotton, 3% Elastane HK$9,800 Made in Colombia
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2. Embroidered Relics The word ‘relics’ is synonymous with ‘historical’, ‘traditional’, ‘antique’ and most importantly, ‘remembrance’. One of the most exquisite forms of embellishment is embroidery. Embroidered designs and garments feel like relics because it’s a handcraft that originated from Asia and the Middle East. Intricate patterns and motifs made in silk and golden threads held significant value of meaning in these cultures. In India and Pakistan, embroidery is done by highly-skilled women from villages and although they are paid insufficiently, it serves as a source of revenue to support their families. Initially, embroidered garments were worn by the wealthy customers since these were expensive and indicative of their social status. After the industrial revolution, companies began producing handloom embroidery machines that allowed for quicker execution of design work and mass-production. Now, designers and manufacturers are highly innovative with the craft; easily applying it onto unconventional fashion items such as denim jeans, jackets, sneakers and bags with ornamental beadwork and bold motifs – making it feel fresh and new. Most of these designs consist of floral patterns in warm colors such as red, pink, orange, yellow, and green on various silhouettes with lighter base fabrics to build a balance and place emphasis on the embroidered work. Embroidered anything makes a piece of clothing feel much more specialized and unique, portraying a sense of nostalgia and remembrance of a comfortable, safe place as we look back. We require this sense of safety in today’s fast-paced environment and climatic changes. ‘Made in India’ India is notoriously known for its rich textiles, vivid colors, and authentic handcrafts. It is highly likely that an embroidered piece of clothing from a high-street brand was ‘Made in India’ because of its background in textiles and heritage in handwoven embroidery. India is the world’s second largest textile manufacturer, as it has great cotton production and affordable raw materials. Not only that, but labor costs are also substantially low - because most this labor intensive and skilled handcrafts are done by home-based workers or ‘homeworkers’. Out of the 1.9 million informal workers across India, 25% are homeworking women and 40% of the jobs amongst these workers are of the clothing and textile industry. http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/4135/history-of-embroidery
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Pull and Bear Shirt with Floral Embroidery White 100% Cotton HK$199 Made in Morocco
Zara Embroidered Poplin Top Black 100% Cotton HK$249 Made in India
Stradivarius Kickflare Dress Yellow 90% Cotton, 10% Polyester HK$207 Made in China
Topshop MOTO Tapestry A-line Skirt Washed Black 100% Cotton HK$369 Made in India
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Mira Mikati Rainforest Embroidered Shorts Dark Blue 100% Cotton HK$4,200 Made in Italy
Alexander McQueen Floral Broderie Anglaise Puff Sleeve Tiered Dress Red and White 100% Cotton HK$58,200 Made in Italy
Alice + Olivia Connie Garden Stace Long Sleeved Pullover Kelly Green/Multi 100% Cotton HK$3,075 Made in Italy
Gucci Tropical Embroidery Flared Cotton Jeans Washed Blue/Multi 100% Cotton HK$19,500 Made in Italy
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3. Frivolous Frills Ruffles and frills are a prominently significant element in most garments during this season. One of the reasons why this trend is so popular is because it puts the wearer in a state of a ‘comfort zone’ and signifies femininity due to its childlike, naïve, and romantic characteristics. This simple layering of fabric that builds volume can be traced back to the Elizabethan Era, when Queen Elizabeth wore large ‘ruffs’; wide, pleated collars that eventually became a symbol of fashion for the upper class. In contrast to its decorative appeal today, ruffles were considered to have an element of functionality as it was used in Flamenco costumes in the 1930’s, enhancing the movement of the rapid style of dance. These playful and frilly garments are applied on various fashion items, often in unusual and different fabrications, still placing emphasis on the more feminine silhouette with its soft and curvilinear edges. Importance is placed on the power of femininity as certain styles have the power to provide an escape for women from to the current political climate and technological advancements. They appear mostly in pastel colors such as pink, baby blue, light yellow, mint and white, further stressing the childlike and dreamy characteristics. ‘Made in Morocco’ With rising costs of production in China, brands are compelled to look at other countries such as those in proximity, while considering where to produce their garments. Many items of the Inditex group are made in Morocco as it is closer to the headquarters in Spain. Also, Morocco is Europe’s seventh largest supplier of textile and clothing, strengthening it’s adaptation to the European norms and standards. The Port of Tangier is a free-trade zone with free-trade agreements and a great infrastructure network. Lead times are between 4 to 6 weeks, and delivery to European destinations takes only 1 to 3 days. Morocco has become highly competitive in terms of production responsiveness and delivery, matching the short-lived fast fashion cycle of restocking and updating merchandise. http://fashionmagazine.com/fashion/history-of-ruffles/
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Zara RUFFLED bomber LIGHT PINK 98% polyester, 2% elastic HK$199 Made in burma
MARKS & SPENCER RUFFLED TOP YELLOW 100% Polyester HK$399 Made in Turkey
cos RUFFLED DRESS MAROON 77% acetate, 21% viscose, 2% elastane HK$890 Made in turkey
topshop RUFFLE SKIRT SILVER 100% Polyester HK$619 MADE IN romania
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goen Ruffle Dress Pink 100% Cotton HK$6,900 Made in Korea
STELLA MCCARTNEY RUFFLED SWEATER BEIGE 100% Cotton HK$4,100 Made in portugal
rosie assoulin RUFFLED TOP WHITE 66% cotton, 34% vicose HK$9,400 MADE IN new york city
ELIZABETH & JAMES RUFFLED TANK TOP OFF WHITE 89% Acetate, 11% Polyester HK$2,300 Made in Romania
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4. Oriental Escape The kimono was initially a luxury fashion garment expressing personal attributes and an important indicator of the rising affluence and aesthetic sensibility of the Japanese (Victoria & Albert Museum, n.d). During the Edo period of Japan from the 1600’s to 1800’s, economic growth was stable and people strengthened their abilities to develop aristocratic culture and produce luxury goods; such as the iconic Kimono. The first kimono was made by crepe silk with paste-resist decoration, and came with a stenciled imitation of tie-dye and embroidery in silk and metallic thread. The silhouette continues to remain somewhat the same and carry a high cultural value due to their significance in portraying the ideal Japanese identity. The traditional kimono and similar kimono-style silhouettes/patterns have emerged in high street brands such as Zara and Topshop since last year’s fall/winter collections carried traditional oriental prints in delicate fabrics with a more westernized look, making their way onto the street in elegant outfits. Varied warm toned colors such as red, yellow, green are applied in large oriental florals, highlighting the essence of this season. ‘Made in China’ It is no surprise that over half of the things we own are made in China, especially clothes purchased from fast-fashion conglomerates such as H&M and Inditex; including brands such as Zara, Pull&Bear, Bershka and Stravidarius. Clothes with a shorter shelf-life such as basics are usually outsourced to low-cost suppliers in Asia, such as China. Brands choose to manufacture their goods in China not only because of low costs of production but also because factories are able to process large orders with high output rates in quicker lead times. However, shipping expenses are higher and sending completed products back for quality checks at the headquarters of brands such as in Spain, is time-consuming. Needless to say, these oriental prints and floral patterns also originally derived from China, making it more suitable for brands to produce their too. http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/h/a-history-of-the-kimono/
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COS Denim Kimono Blazer Dark Blue 98% Cotton, 2% Elastane HK$1,169 Made in China
MANGO Print Wrap Dress Red 100% Polyester HK$399 Made in Morocco
stradivarius Printed Kimono Jumpsuit Black 100% Polyester HK$159 Made in China
Zara Floral Print Kimono Green 100% Polyester HK$499 Made in Portugal
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helen lee Striped PANTS RED 100% polyester HK$3,700 Made in China
NEEDLE & THREAD EMBROIDERED BOMBER Blue 100% Cotton HK$2,900 Made in China
ISABEL MARANT SKIRT MUSTARD YELLOW 100% COTTON HK$1,400 Made in INDIA
NICHOLAS SHEER DRESS PRIMROSE 100% SILK/POLYESTER HK$4,300 Made in CHINA
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5. Fringe Benefits The fringed garment is bold, daring and has become a widespread trend that appears as a form of embellishment on various garments. Initially, fringes were used on garments in Native American tribes to repel rainwater from its wearer. Later it was added on to the short skirt hemlines during the 1960’s in the form of suede, leather, and buckskin; as a symbol of rebellion and rejection of mainstream ideas. It became a trend when the Hollywood film – Easy Rider was released in the 1970’s which introduced brown, suede fringed jackets. This became highly popular amongst teenagers back then and can be seen resurfacing this spring/summer in many high street and high end stores. However, not only is there fringed outerwear, but these details are now on frayed jeans, hemlines of skirts, and even accessories. These garments are mainly in denim hues or neutral tones such as gray, white, blue, and brown - making it easier to match with other simpler, basic or brighter colored garments. ‘Made in Romania’ Romania is one of the largest producers of garments and textiles in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as the third clothing UE-25 supplier after China and Turkey, with a longstanding heritage in the manufacturing of textiles. The close-proximity location provides easy and convenient accessibility to brands centralized headquarters all over Europe. Labour costs are relatively low and there is a high capacity of adaptation based on market needs and demands. Although the Romanian town of Timisoara is not the first place that would come to your mind when picking up a designer garment, the label can match its prestigious rivals in Milan, Paris, and London as workers that construct these clothes are highly skilled and know how to produce high-quality products (Richardson, 2007). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6225145.stm Musiolek, B. (2004). Made in Eastern Europe, : Terre des Femmes.
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mango Fringe Embroidery T-Shirt Red 100% Cotton HK$259 Made in India
ZARA Fringed Skirt Brandy 100% Pig Leather HK$599 Made in Romania
stradivarius Fringed Kimono Peach 90% Polyester, 10% Elastane HK$199 Made in Morocco
BERSHKA Suede Fringe Jacket Burgundy 86% Polyester, 14% Elastane HK$199 Made in China
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MGSM Tweed and Denim Jacket Blue 90% Cotton, 4% Viscose, 3% Polyamide, 3% Fleece wool HK$2,899 Made in Italy
GMX GOMME Fringed Skirt Black 100% Cotton HK$2,399 Made in China
Joyce Fringe Skirt Yellow 100% Silk HK$2,899 Made in Italy
Maison Rabih Kayrouz M Raffia Fringed Skirt Black 100% Polyester HK$15,400 Made in Turkey
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6. Romantic Reds Red is a powerful color, in a visual aspect, representing energy, power, passion and love. It is a very strong color with direct effects on our thoughts and feelings as it enhances metabolism, increases respiration rate and raises blood pressure at the same time. In the fashion world, the color is commonly used in celebrity dresses or in political events, when a person is required to gain attention and make bold statements, making it memorable for the viewers/audience (Hobbs, 2016). The color is symbolic of a woman’s sexual power as well as brazenness. The pantone ‘Flame’ red is one of the top fashion colors for Spring/Summer 17; a combination between red and orange and a flamboyant hue that can be matched with less saturated, neutral tones. The red and white checkered print is highly popular and appears on all different silhouettes, styles and forms, such as off-the shoulder, wrap tops/ dresses, crop tops and much more. It serves as a mood-lifter and confidence booster as it conveys feelings of love, fun and excitement. ‘Made in Turkey’ Turkey is the sixth largest producer of cotton and home to an abundant supply of other raw materials – producing various yarn and woven fabrics. They are seeing a growth in synthetic fabrics such as polyester and viscose too. Labour costs are relatively higher than China but cheaper than Europe. With a powerful production capacity and quick transportation, they provide shorter lead times that can be delivered to brands in an efficient manner. Factories also accept low minimum order quantities up to 100-300, which is beneficial for brands that require smaller quantities to test it in the market initially. Another advantage of manufacturing in Turkey is that they have environmentally friendly standards such as the banned use of carcinogenic dyes – which is unusual in most others. http://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/celebrity-red-dress-trend-2016 http://www.anothermag.com/fashion-beauty/9312/reflections-on-the-meaning-of-red-in-art-fashion-and-film https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2014/aug/30/red-back-in-fashion-rich-symbolism
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Zara Striped Wrap Top Red 76% Cotton, 22% Polyamide, 2% Elastane HK$399 Made in Turkey
MANGO TOP MAROON 100% polyester HK$239 Made in turkey
stradivarius Textured Culottes Fuchsia 99% Polyester, 1% Elastane HK$139 Made in Turkey
TOPSHOP TANK TOP RED 100% polyester HK$159 Made in vietnam
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Givenchy Off-the-Shoulder Dress Red 100% Cotton HK$4,900 Made in Hungary
Alice + Olivia ‘Ellis’ Floral Guipure Lace Zip Front Dress Bordeaux/Poppy 100% Polyester HK$4,400 Made in Italy
Red Valentino Sleeveless Necktie Dress Crimson Red 67% Polyester, 20% Rayon, 10% Silk, 3% Spandex HK$14,500 Made in China
helen lee TANK TOP RED 70% Polyester, 30% cotton HK$4,400 Made in Italy
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7. Bare Shoulders Off-the-shoulders originally appeared in the fashion world in the 1800s, when the famous couturier Charles Frederick Worth launched designs with elaborate dresses, many of which featured bodices with an off-the-shoulder element. Later in 1960s, the actress, Brigitte Bardot was wearing off-the-shoulders tops with everything from midi skirts to pants and became a signature smoldering-yet-effortless French Riviera style which is still an important influence for fashion designers nowadays (Casselman, 2016). Off-the-shoulder is everywhere —from tops to swimwear are using the same silhouette but taking in different forms. It collides with the ruffle style and 90s-inspired clingy style, the more popular style is known as the cold shoulder top—which leaves skin bare between strap and sleeve (Halzack, 2016). Not only does it look stylish, but also adds sexual appeal, being the chicest way to expose skin without exposing too much. The main reason of this item becoming the hottest trend since last year is because people can easily move around no matter in casual wear or formal dresses and be comfortable in their own skin. ‘Made in Tunisia’ Foreign groups such as Brunardi, Damartex, and Aubade shifted a big share of garment production to Tunisia, which is when the label started emerging on high street items. There is sufficient support from the local government on CMT (cut, make and trim) orders to producers of self-designed, self-sourced and self-finished clothing collections. Labour costs are even lower than Morocco and Turkey, as average costs per operating hours is US$2.01, while Morocco is $2.62 and Turkey $2.96 respectively. Proximity to the European market results in shorter lead periods and quicker delivery times. There is an on-going free-trade agreement with Turkey which allows Tunisian garment manufacturers to use Turkish fabrics and accessories to quality for zero duty exports to the EU (Juststyle, 2007). http://fashionmagazine.com/fashion/off-the-shoulder-trend/ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/business/wp/2016/07/08/why-the-off-the-shoulder-top-is-suddenly-everywhere/?utm_term=.ca724d5a8147 Tunisian garment industry regains its confidence (2007). Retrieved May 17, 2017 from Just-style.com, Web site: http://www.just-style.com/comment/tunisian-garment-industry-regains-its-confidence_id98054.aspx
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Bershka Floral Off-the-Shoulder Top Navy Blue 100% Polyester HK$169 Made in India
stradivarius off the shoulder top light pink 100% Cotton HK$199 MADE IN MOROCCO
PULL & BEAR Boatneck Striped Top with Choker WHITE AND BLUE 100% Viscose HK$169 MADE IN MOROCCO
zara crop top green 52% polyester, 48% poliamidA hk$189 MADE IN MOROCCO
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Oscar de La Renta Lace Trim Off-the-Shoulder Silk Georgette Top Black 100% Silk HK$11,800 Made in Italy
98 Meagan Off-the-Shoulder Embellished Crepon Top Lemon 100% Viscose HK$1,620 Made in Italy
Rag & Bone Off-the-Shoulder Top Black 100% Cotton HK$2,100 Made in the USA
Proenza Schouler Off-the-Shoulder Crepe Top Black 74% Acetate, 26% Viscose HK$7,700 Made in Italy
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8. Cross Over Corsets are a magical lingerie that enhance the female figure—a close-fitting piece of clothing to shape a woman’s torso and conform to the fashionable silhouette since the Renaissance and Baroque period. The term “corset” was used during the 19th century, referring to a light stiffened bodice with tie-on sleeves (marquise.de, n.d.). In the 18th century, people defined it as undergarment which then became functional — in a conical shape, pressing the breasts up and together, with tabs over the hips. At the back, they used lace to highlight the ideal figure. The basic design of corset did not change much until the period of 1920s to 1950s, although they did become more stretchier. Corsets then began to be worn as accessories — Madonna was wearing a corset as a top garment which was designed by the famous fashion designer, Jean Paul Gaultier in 1980s. The corset was bounded back since last year, but taking in different styles from a thick leather style with oversized buckles to a lightly boned denim bandeau. The design of corsets has slightly changed during the trends, the laces were originally in the back and designers are putting it in the front with different fabrics (Spencer, 2017). The comeback of the corset is not for boosting cleavage, but wearing it over everything from the white tees to double-breasted blazers in order to create a stylish yet boyish look instead of 18th century femininity (Spencer, 2017). ‘Made in Burma’ With rising wages, labor shortages, and frequent labor strikes in China and Cambodia and risks of health and safety in Bangladesh, Burma has become an effective alternative for many brands. They specialize in higher quality technical garments and boast low labor costs of a well-educated and highly skilled labor workforce.
http://www.marquise.de/en/themes/korsett/korsett.shtml http://www.stylist.co.uk/fashion/corsets-trend-spring-summer-2017-shopping-street-style-ideas BIF Burma (Myanmar): Garments - Market analysis and strategy (2016). Retrieved May 17, 2017 from Business Innovation Facility, Web site: http://www.bifprogramme.org/sites/default/files/attachments/bif_burma_garments_market_analysis_strategy.pdf
stradivarius lace up top army green 100% cotton HK$249 Made in turkey
topshop corset grey black 100% polyester HK$179 Made in turkey
zara top black 100% cotton hk$199 Made in morocco
pull & bear tshirt with corset black 100% cotton hk$149 Made in turkey
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G.V.G.V JEANS BLUE polyester, denim HK$5699 Made in ,india
LIMI FEU SHIRT DRESS WHITE cotton HK$4,499 Made in turkey
LIMI FEU SHIRT DRESS blue cotton HK$3,829 Made in india
helen lee SHIRT DRESS black cotton HK$1,23o Made in india
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References Schaeffer, N. (2016, April 29). Charting the unlikely history of ruffles, spring’s biggest trend. Retrieved from http://fashionmagazine.com/fashion/history-of-ruffles/ Victoria and Albert Museum, Digital Media webmaster@vam.ac.uk. (2013, August 14). A History of the Kimono. Retrieved from http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/h/a-history-of-the-kimono/ Hobbs, J. (2016, December 15). Scarlet Fever: The Power Of Red. Retrieved from http://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/celebrity-red-dress-trend-2016 Kinsella, A. (2016, November 25 ). Reflections on the Meaning of Red in Art, Fashion and Film. Retrieved from http://www.anothermag.com/fashion-beauty/9312/reflections-on-the-meaning-of-red-in-art-fashion-and-film Walker, H. (2014, August 30). Red = danger, luxury, revolution and religion. And it’s back in vogue ... Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2014/aug/30/red-back-in-fashion-rich-symbolism Casselman, S. (2016, June 23).A brief history of the off-the-shoulder trend (and why you’ll want to wear it all summer). Retrieved from http://fashionmagazine.com/fashion/off-the-shoulder-trend/ Halzack, S. (2016, July 08). Why the off-the-shoulder top is suddenly everywhere. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/business/wp/2016/07/08/why-the-off-the-shoulder-top-is-suddenly-everywhere/?utm_term=.ca724d5a8147 “Fringe.” Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages. . Retrieved from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/fashion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ fringe-0 http://vivaglammagazine.com/the-history-of-fringe-where-it-started-and-where-to-find-it-now/ Berfield, Susan and Baigorri, Manuel. (2013) Zara’s Fast Fashion Edge: Bloomberg. Retrieved 15 May, 2017, from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-11-14/2014-outlook-zaras-fashion-supply-chain-edge SCM Globe. (2016) Zara Clothing Company Supply Chain. Retrieved May 11, 2017 from http://blog.scmglobe.com/?page_id=1513 The Fashion Law. (2016) Fast Fashion. Retrieved May 11, 2017 from http://www.thefashionlaw.com/learn/fast-fashions-green-initiatives-dont-believe-the-hype Nelson, Christina. (2014). Fast Fashion in China: Revved Retail. Retrieved May 15 2017, from https://www.chinabusinessreview.com/fast-fashion-in-china-revved-retail/ Shugar, Greg. (2016). The Pros and Cons of Manufacturing in China: Entrepreneur. Retrieved May 16, 2017 from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/269783 https://www.ft.com/content/6219b32a-140b-11e5-abda-00144feabdc0 Tewari, Bandana. (2016). India, the Fashion World’s Next Manufacturing Powerhouse: Business of Fashion. Retrieved May 15, 2017 from https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/india-inc/india-fashion-world-manufacturing-powerhouse-garment-textile-industry Blain, Marc. (2015). A huge underclass of ghost worker are making your shirts in their homes: Quartz. Retrieved May 15, 2017 from https://qz.com/494818/in-much-of-the-world-the-sweatshop-isnt-a-factory-its-someones-kitchen-floor/ Castro, Anne-Sophie. (2016). Morocco Looks to a Rosy Fashion Future: Fashion United. Retrieved May 15, 2017 from https://fashionunited.uk/news/business/morocco-looks-to-a-rosy-fashion-future-driven-by-industrial-growth-and-creativity/2016110222328 Fiber2Fashion. (n.d). Moroccan textile and clothing sector is developing. Retrieved May 15, 2017. http://www.fibre2fashion.com/news/textile-news/newsdetails.aspx?news_id=155044 http://st.formazione.ilsole24ore.com/a/marocco/atti/Tazi.pdf http://www.fashiondesignsolutions.com/8-reasons-why-you-should-choose-a-turkish-clothing-manufacturer-for-your-business/ Musiolek, B. (2004). Made in Eastern Europe, : Terre des Femmes. Tunisian garment industry regains its confidence (2007). Retrieved May 17, 2017 from Just-style.com, Web site: http://www.just-style.com/comment/tunisian-garment-industry-regains-its-confidence_id98054.aspx BIF Burma (Myanmar): Garments - Market analysis and strategy (2016). Retrieved May 17, 2017 from Business Innovation Facility, Web site: http://www.bifprogramme.org/sites/default/files/attachments/bif_burma_garments_market_analysis_strategy.pdf
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Assignment 3 Current Trends and Forecasting FASH 419 - H01 Christina Kountiou Peony Choi, Augustina Leung, Mashal Mushtaq, Millie Yu