PLAZA SEE HOY CHAN
INTRODUCTION Kuala Lumpur was found in year 1857 at the confluence of the Gombak and Klang rivers. ". Before World War 2 happen, the buildings in Kuala Lumpur are mostly influence by the Eclectic style (Neoclassic & earlyies shop lots). Skyscrapers have shot up in Kuala Lumpur after the Asian Economic Boom of the early 1990s. Jalan Raja Chulan is one of Kuala Lumpur’s busiest streets because it consists of different kind of buildings allowing more job opportunities, and therefore increasing the human activities around the street; livelier. One of the famous buildings in Jalan Raja Chulan is Plaza See Hoy Chan. It is an office building built in 1981; consist of 27 floors with 6 lifts servicing each and every floor. There are ample spaces in its multi-storey car park for tenants, their clients and visitors. The special element in this building is that it is a hexagon shaped building; all 6 sides of the buildings are in the same length therefore forming a very unique design if you are looking at it from bird’s eye view. See Hoy Chan did a renovation work in the second half of 2007; this brings new life to the corner of Jalan Raja Chulan and Changkat Raja Chulan. With a proposed mix of lifestyle and food outlets, coupled with local and multinational corporate, Plaza See Hoy Chan's heart will beat as hard as it had in the 1980s. Plaza See Hoy Chan is very close to KL Towers and has an astounding variety of eating places behind. It is in close proximity to the local government and embassy buildings. The building also affords views of KLCC, KL tower and many other tall buildings in Kuala Lumpur.
INDEX Fast Facts Architectural Style Building Construction Materials Components Student ID Soo Xiao Wen 0314130 Ong Huey Fen 0314263 Pua Kai Jing 0313995 Chan Boon Haw 0313667 Lee Chaer Shean 0313675
1
FAST FACTS
1.1 Location 1.2 Function 1.3 Building Layout 1.4 History of Kuala Lumpur 1.5 History of See Hoy Chan 1.6 Circulation 1.7 Public VS Private
1.1 Location 1.1 LOCATION Plaza See Hoy Chan is a commercial office building nestled along Jalan Raja Chulan, Kuala Lumpur. It is located nearby Changkat Raja Chulan, Jalan P Ramlee and Jalan Bukit Ceylon. Buildings nearby are Maple Lee Tower, Antara Tower and KWSP. Plaza See Hoy Chan is surrounded by plenty of commercial buildings, high-end condominiums and amenities. Among residential, hotel, service apartments, inn located nearby is Maple Suite, Pacific Regency, UBN apartments, Shangri-La Hotel, Park Inn Hotel, Lodge Hotel, Alison Genesis Hotel and Cabana Inn Hotel. Plaza See Hoy Chan is also a stone’s away from institution of higher education such as Olympia College KL Campus, SJI KL and RIMA College. There are some primary and secondary schools nearby such as SJK Nan Kai, SMK Convent Bukit Nanas, SMK St. John, SJK ST. John and St, John primary school. It is easily accessible from Ampang Elevated highway. Alternatively, one can reach by KL Monorail, Star LRT and bus.
1.2 Function Plaza See Hoy Chan is one of an office building that was built by See Hoy Chan Sdn Bhd Group, the founder was Mr. Teo Hang Sam and his sons. The building’s function is simple, to be rented out for other corporation as office. It has a very strategic location, providing a plenty amount of commercial buildings (restaurants, hotels, banks etc.) around. The facilities and security of the building is very well taken care of too. Here are some of the corporations that can be found in Plaza See Hoy Chan:
D. Gemalto Sdn. Bhd
B. Herbalife Products (M) Sdn Bhd
A. 4-levels of podium tenanted by Puncak Niaga (M) Sdn Bhd
C. MUI Continental Insurance Bhd and Trueventus Sdn Bhd
1.3 Building Layout As you can see from the plan above, this building is a hexagonal shaped building. There is a longer hexagon from the second level basement to the fifth level, the reason is because it is made this way to provide more spaces for the user to park (basement to level 5 are for parking). The design also allows more spaces and offices for the corporation to work. From the sixth level to the 25th have the same design (proportion hexagon) consist of two square units at different ends. The main entrance has 6 service elevators while the other side have 3 elevators behind.
Basement 1, Basement 2 to 5th floor
1.4 History of Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur is the biggest city in Malaysia. It is one of the earliest found and the most successful city in Malaysia. The main reason it became so famous is because of the mining industry. Not only that, Kuala Lumpur is also located at a very strategic location. If you were to take a walk around KL, you will find all kind of buildings, among them there are buildings that were built before World War 2, and all these buildings have some very special ornaments and have its own style. Kuala Lumpur’s name came from Sungai Lumpur, which is now known as Sungai Gombak, and its stream flows into Sungai Kelang. The meeting point of these two river forms a river confluence (Kuala in Malay), therefore came the name Kuala Lumpur. In English, the name literally means "muddy confluence". Kuala Lumpur stands a very strategic location where both Sungai Gombak and Sungai Kelang meets, making it a jetty for the people around to do businesses and trades. According to the recorded history, Kuala Lumpur is found by Sir Yap Ah Loy in the early 1880. At first, Kuala Lumpur is known for its tin mining, but slowly it developed and more buildings are built up for business and politics. In 1882, there was a fire in KL which brought down a lot of buildings, and this forced the Lembaga Kesihatan to create a law where all the buildings must be built using tile roof. In 1885, more than 218 buildings started using tiled roof and it slowly increase. In the year 1888 buildings in Pudu Street follows the Market Street and High Street architecture style. Until now, the architecture in KL is still growing.
The Golden Triangle Golden Triangle was once mainly agricultural land on the outskirts of the settlements by the banks of the Sungai Gombak and Sungai Kelang. In the mid-19th century, the area was dominated by the hillock known today as Bukit Nanas, where one of the earliest Malay chieftains, Sutan Puasa, was apparently ensconced in a small fortress. In the years that followed, a wave of Kerinchi people moved in here from Sumatra to plant pineapple and other vegetables. Today, of course, the main landmark of this sector is the Kuala Lumpur Tower, which soars to the skies from its lofty base right in the centre of Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve, one of the oldest green lungs in the city.
1.5 History of See Hoy Chan 1928 - Founder left Guangdong province of China 1938 - Teo Hang Sam set up a sundry store, founded See Hoy Chan 1963 - Venture into rubber plantations Diversified business to include property development 1963 - Hotel Malaya was built 1981 - Plaza See Hoy Chan was built 1983 - Wisma Hang Sam was built 1992 - Development of Damansara Utama 2007 - Renovation of Plaza See Hoy Chan 2009 - Renovation done 2010 - Construction of Menara See Hoy Chan Teo Hang Sam Realty is a fourth-generation family run property firm. Hailing from Swatow, China, the Teo family immigrated to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in the 1930s. From supplying eggs in the 1940s to trading in commodities in 1950s, the See Hoy Chan men - Dato Teo Hang Sam, sons Soo Chuan, Soo Cheng and Soo Pin, worked hard to establish the family business. They seized opportunities and invested their resources wisely, and branched out into property development. “See Hoy” means the four seas while “Chan” means profit. Therefore See Hoy Chan brings the meaning “A Building Full of Wealth across Four Seas”.
1.6 Public vs Private
OďŹƒce Entrance
Basement
1.7 Circulation
First Entrance
KWSP
The pictures above shows how the transportation drives into Plaza See Hoy Chan. There are two entrances, ďŹ rst one leads to the main entrance, wherelse the second one leads to the basement.
Plaza See Hoy Chan
Menara Maple Lee
Jalan Raja Chulan
Second Entrance
2
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
2.1 International Origins 2.2 Plaza See Hoy Chan (International Style) 2.3 Characteristics of International Style Based On Plaza See Hoy Chan 2.4 Elements (Exterior) 2.5 Elements (Interior)
International Style 2.1 International Origins International Style, which has its origins in Gernany, was an sttempt to reduce and simpify the disgn of buildings into basic forms. It is an architecture style that was developed in 1920s to 1930s in western countries such as Europe and America. It then became the ͥ͜͝͡ Ǥ ƪ pean 'compound' architecture that emerged the modern style of works by architects living and working wth other artists in a compound. Such a sudden after war, funtionalist style appeared due to the need for uncostly buildings that were simple to construct yet ơ Ǥ ǡ armeica, unintentionally turning an essential after war architecture into a popular and stylistic expression. It emphasiezd volume than mass, regularity as opposed to symmetry and the dependence ont the materials used.
2.2 Chan (International Style) 2.3Plaza PlazaSee SeeHoy Hoy Chan (International Style) The style that is adopted by Plaza See Hoy Chan is the International Style. The constructuion was done in the year of 1980. Early sixties and seventies has become the greatest growth spurt of International Style in Kuala Lumpur. Most of the building in Kuala Lumpur including Plaza See Hoy Chan were heavily ƪ post-war period. Plaza See Hoy Chan is covered with six facades, which form a hexagon shape based on its clean lines, basic form and simplicity. It could be regconise easily due to its universality that never died out although the design of that facade is lack of ornamaentation. The design of Plaza See Hoy Chan shows a new identity of modernism in Malaysia architecture while leaving the roots of traditionalism behind. The 27-storey structure including 5-storey of basement has become of the few buildings in Kuala Lumpur that shows the oure and simple forn of International Style. The design of unstressed facade allows the use of modern materials such as steel and glass. Ƥ Ǥ design the interior of Plaza See Hoy Chan. There are no internal ƪ Ǥ walls are mostly built up of glass and steel and act as a partition.
Lack of ornamentation or decorative details The facade of Plaza See Hoy Chan shows the ‘pure and simple’ form of International Style.
Bands of glass windows with steel mullions The design of large windows which made up of steel and glass allow natural lights to enter the building.
Cubistic Facade The cubistic facade has been used to show the simplicity of the building.
2.3 Characteristics of International Based On Plaza See Hoy Chan 2.4 Style Characteristics of International Style
Asymmetrical Composition The lines show the plan of Plaza See Hoy Chan are asymmetrical to each other.
Flat Roof International Style buildings ƪ Ǥ
Cantilevered Projection The cantilever projection that face the main entrance is located above the lobby.
2.3 Characteristics of International Style Based on Plaza See Hoy Chan Based On Plaza See Hoy Chan
2.4 Elements Elements (Exterior) (Exterior) 2.5
The doors which are the main entrance of plaza see hoy chan are made up of glass and steel and were divided symmetrically into two.
Ƥ feature of Plaza See Hoy Ƥ feaChan is Plaza the facade. TheChan ture of See Hoy design of the facade is ausis the facade. The design of tere and pure. This has the facade is austere and shown the simplicity pure. This has shownand the purity of the buildings. simplicity and purity ofThe ƪ the buildings. The repetishow the pattern of hori ƪ zontal bands, the pattern ofwith horizontal steel-framed vertical winbands, with steel-framed dows setwindows in between vertical setthat in emphasized liner exbetween thatthe emphasized pression.
The use of glass and steel for the windows
The use of glass and steel for the windows allow natural lights allow enters thenatural building. lights to enter the building.
The walkway is located at the side of Plaza See Hoy Chan connects the building and the surrounding of the building. It brings people from moving to a public ƪ Ǥ slanted to make sure the rainwater are able to drain
The car park of Plaza See Hoy Chan is an open space to provide a good ventilation for the place.
2.5 2.6Elements Elements(Interior) (Interior)
The elevevated plaform is located above of the
lobby which face the main entrance of Plaza See Hoy Chan.
The stairs are built up of
terracotta tiles.
The interior space can be considered as a universal space which allows people to move around freely.
The partiction of the wall are mostly made up of glass
and steel.
3
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
3.1 Construction in the 1970s 3.2 Substructure & Core 3.3 Columns & Beams 3.4 Wall System & Floor System 3.5 Exterior & Finishes 3.6 Comparison with Modern Architecture (Construction)
3.1 Construction in the 1970s Around year 1970, Malaysia is already a developing country. Eventhough skyscrapers like KLCC and KL Tower were not built during that era, there are already famous buildings and skyscrapers were built around the Kuala Lumpur area. Besides that, many things had already been planned for the benefit of the future generations. One of the many example of what the government had planed those days is the many highways that helps connect each cities around our country. In Kuala Lumpur, there are already famous buildings such as the Sultan Abdul Samad Building, the National Museum of Malaysia, Jamek Mosque and etc. As you can see, eventhough the city of Kuala Lumpur in the 1970s was still a developing small city, it is already a city filled with different architectures, future plans, constructions etc. One of the main example of a famous building that was under construction during that era was Masjid Negara.
3.2 Substructure & Core The Type of piling used for this building is bored piling. Usually bored pile is used for those high rise buildings or massive industrial complexes, which require foundations that can bear the load of thousands of tons, most probably in unstable or diďŹƒcult soil conditions. Piles can be extended to depths below frost penetration, and seasonal moisture variation. Large excavations and subsequent backďŹ ll are eliminated. Adjacent soil is not disturbed or remolded. Absence of vibration will not disturb adjacent piles or structures. Extremely high capacity caissons can be obtained by expanding the base of the shaft up to three times the shaft diameter, thus eliminating construction of caps over multiple pile groups. For many design situations bored piles oer higher capacities with potentially better economics than driven piles.
A core wall is a reinforced-concrete structure located in the building designed to support a portion of the building's weight and enables the structure to withstand lateral forces from strong wind and earthquakes. A load transferring frame, comprising a steel frame, is set up in a column in four corners where the core wall is enclosed. Core wall system is way faster than the traditional system.
Core Wall
Load transferring frame
3.3 Columns & Beams The main type of structure used for Plaza See Hoy Chan would be precast concrete structure. The main reason that this building used precast concrete is because concrete is one of the most durable material as concrete can last for years. Besides that, it is also much more ecological as it is made of natural raw material such as stones, gravels, sand and cement. Precast concrete also helps to reduce the whole life cycle impact on the environment when compared with other construction materials. In this fast pace world, the usage of precast concrete are also faster to produce and are much more affordable as it uses mostly inexpensive materials to produce. Building loads are transfered to the foundation via concrete columns. The Base Plates helps to transfer loads to the foundation of the building. The dimension of the base plates varies with the dimension of the columns that provides sufficient room around the column. Beams Connecting Ramps In The Carpark
The advantages of using concrete beams and columns would be that it is not necessary to provide joints, much easier for workers to be trained to do this, desired form and shape is much more easier to be given with more accuracy and the amount ofscaffolding and formwork needed is reduced.
Sheer Wall Supporting The Slabs
Mini Column Supporting 27th Floor Onwards
3.4 Wall System
Two Way Slabs are supported by beams on four sides. Thust main reinforcement are provided on all four sides
There are two types of floor system used for the construction of Plaza See Hoy Chan. The first would be the one way slab located on the lower floor carparks while the two way slabs on the upper floor of Plaza See Hoy Chan. This is so that the slabs are able to support the live loads and the dead loads in a building. Steel reinforced mesh was added to have a high compressive strength to prepare for slab bedding so that it can take the compressive load of the whole building and transmit the super imposed load of the whole building to the support system.
One way Slabs are supported by beams on only two sides while main reinforcements are only provided in only one direction Reinforced Concrete
& Floor System A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings. Horizontal slabs of steel reinforced concrete, typically between 4 and 20 inches (100 and 500 millimetre) thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner slabs are also used for exterior paving. In many domestic and industrial buildings a thick concrete slab, supported on foundations or directly on the subsoil, is used to construct the ground floor of a building. These can either be "ground-bearing" or "suspended" slabs. In high rise buildings and skyscrapers, thinner, pre-cast concrete slabs are slung between the steel frames to form the floors and ceilings on each level.
Cement Plastering(20mm) -Decoration/ Protection -Thermal & sound protection
bricks
Floor Screed - provide smooth surface for floor finishes to be applied DPM (damp proof membrane) - prevent moisture entering - continuous with DPC in wall Binding Hardcore - 25-50mm weak mortar - filling to provide horizontal surface - provide even surface for reinforcement & DPM - form a firm, dry surface - hard, durable, chemically inert
Ceramic tiles/ paint -act as finishes -decoration & extra protection -floor tiles is much stronger than wall tiles
Plaza See Hoy Chan uses bricks as the main wall system for their building. Brickwork is masonry produced by a brick layer, using brick and mortar. Typically, rows of bricks are laid on top of one another to build up a structure such as a brick wall.
Floor Finishes - tin(waxed paper thick) - protection + appearance Concrete Bed - mixture 1:2:4 with 19mm aggregrate
Mortar -mixture of cement/ lime, water & sand -binding agent
Different Varieties of Brick Orientation
3.5 Exterior & Finishes A flat roof is a roof which is almost level in contrast to the many types of sloped roofs. The slope of a roof is properly known as its pitch and flat roofs have up to approximately 10°. Flat roofs exist all over the world and each area has its own tradition or preference for materials used. In warmer climes where rainfall is less and freezing is unlikely to occur, many flat roofs are simply built of masonry or concrete and this is good at keeping out the heat of the sun and cheap and easy to build where timber is not readily available. Flat Roof is a good choice, as it save cost and it is easier to be built. During 1970s a lot of International style building started using flat roof, so is Plaza See Hoy Chan. A curtain wall system is an outer covering of a building in which the outer walls are non-structural, but merely keep the weather out and the occupants in. As the curtain wall is non-structural it can be made of a lightweight material, reducing construction costs. When glass is used as the curtain wall, a great advantage is that natural light can penetrate deeper within the building. The curtain wall façade does not carry any dead load weight from the building other than its own dead load weight.
Floor Slab
Fins Safing at edges of slab
Unit is hung from floor slab using adjustable Anchor Brackets
3.6 Comparison With Modern Architecture (Construction) One of the famous building that could be compared to Plaza See Hoy Chan would be the famous Seagram Building By Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe. Both are buildings that are build with the functionof an oďŹƒce building. Both are supported by columns on the outside of the main lobby and has windows on the exterior of the building. The only dierence is that Plaza See Hoy Chan is covered with aluminium on the outside of the exterior to give the simplicity of a modern building while the Seagram Building has the I-Beam located side by side between the windows of the building.
Multistoried Structure With Steel Frame Structure And Concrete Floor
Corner Beam
4
BUILDING MATERIALS
4.1 Floors 4.2 Walls & Columns 4.3Ceiling & Handrails 4.4 Stairs & Doors 4.5 Windows & Services (Pipes & Wiring 4.6 Comparison with Modern Architecture (Materials)
4.1 Walls Most of the walls are made of marbles,some parts are made of colored glass as design.White rough concrete are used for the walls in the basement areas and stairs area. Allucobond was used to build the outer layer of the building.
Marble Pros Aesthetic looking, design varies, long lasting. Cons Easily cracked, very expensive, high maintenance.
Aluminum Pros It won’t rust, impact resistance strong, light weight. Cons More expensive compared to steel, when heated it will expand and will create crack sound.
Concrete Pros Cheap, damage resistance, strong and versatile. Cons Poor looking, rough, water leaks may create mark on it.
4.2 Floor & Column Floor
Mainly made of shiny ceramic floortiles in many parts of the in and the outdoor. The floor in basement and empty office floors is made of concretewith is no extra finishes.
Columns
The columns are usually painted concrete in basement areas and marblehollow section in other parts such as those outside the building. There is one that is made of aluminium hollow section in the main lobby, which is one of the main focal point of the building. Concrete Pros Strong enough to support the building, easy to build, hard to get damaged, cheap Cons Plain looking, rough, gets dirty easily, leaves a mark when car hits it.
Ceramic tiles Pros Elegant an unique look, last long, low maintenance. Cons Might crack or chip, slippery, causes muscle fatigue.
Concrete Pros Cheap, damage resistance, strong and versatile. Cons Dullappearance, rough, water leaks may create mark on it.
Aluminium Pros It won’t rust, impact resistance, strong, very light, durable. Cons When heated it will expand and will create crack sound, expensive.
Marble Pros Very aesthetic, can last for a very long time, strong and versatile. Cons Gets crack mark easily, hard to maintain, very expensive.
4.3 Ceiling & Handrails Ceilings
The ceiling in the office areas used plaster as finishes, others parts such as the basement are made of stucco ceiling.
Plaster Pros Quite durable, sound proof, can last for quite long Cons Spoils when meet water, soft, not so appealing looks.
Stucco Pros Very durable, very cheap compared to other material, easy to construct. Cons Very plain looking, rough looking surface, susceptibility to moisture.
Handrail
The handrails at the stairs are made of galvanized iron and the railings at the loft are made of glass.
Galvanized iron Pros Won’t corrode, able to be recycled, very sustainable, very cheap, easy to construct. Cons Heavy to handle, good heat conductor, plain looking.
Glass Pros very strong (when laminated), durable (when laminated), looks very neat and beautiful. Cons hard to maintain, have to be clean few times a day, very expensive.
4.4 Stairs & Doors Stairs
Main material used for emergency stairs are small mosaic tiles. For other parts such as the lobby and entrance, the material used for stairs are mainly ceramic tiles.
Mosaic tiles Pros beautiful appearance, stain resistance, durable. Cons expensive, scratch prone, break if heavier things fell on it, pieces will chip off.
Ceramic tiles: Pros cheap, can last very long, low maintenance. Cons Might crack or chip, causes muscle fatigue easily, gets dirty easily.
Doors
Main entrance made of laminated/ tintedglass with steel frame, interior doors are mainly fireproofhardwoodfor firedoor and glass for offices.
Glass Pros allows light to enter (can be adjust through different tints), strong when laminated, durable, looks beautiful Cons hard to maintain, expensive, gets dirty easily.
HardwoodPros good insulator, sound resistance, easily painted, strong and durable, very good fire rating. Cons wear off after a long period, heavy, it will rot if contact with water.
4.5 Windows & Services (Pipes & Wiring) Windows
Services
Most windows are made out of laminated tinted glass together withaluminum frames. It can be seen on the façade of Plaza See Hoy Chan. Glass Pros allows light to enter (can be adjust through different tints), strong (when laminated), durable (when laminated), aesthetic looks. Cons hard to maintain, expensive, dirt sticks on it easily.
Aluminum Pros It won’t rust, strong, light weight, easy to install. Cons More expensive compared to steel, when heated it will expand and will create crack sound.
Pipes can be seen in the basement areas. Notably, it’s made of galvanised iron for the firesprinkler, and PVC are used for other pipes. Wirings can also be seen at the ceiling in the basement areas. It is mainly made of rubber and some wires has another layer of pvc pipe protecting it.
Galvanized iron Pros Won’t corrode, won’t rust, very sustainable, very cheap, easy to construct. Cons Boring looking, heavy to handle, good heat conductor. PVC Pros Durable, will not corrode at all, perfect insulator, versatile Cons Expensive to manufacture, heavy, heat constraint
Rubbers Pros Does not conduct electricity, elastical, durable, easy to bend, Cons Low melting point, produce poisonous gas when melt. Pvc Pros Durable, corrossion prone, very good insulator, versatile, Cons Expensive to manufacture, heat constraint.
4.6 Comparison Wall
Material Travertine was the main material used for Seagram Building’s lobby. Pros - Beautiful appearance, luxurious Cons - It will corrode, easily scratch, scraped, chipped, heavy. Comparison When compared to Seagram Building, See Hoy Chan Plaza’s material selection at the wall has an upper hand. This is because both marble and travertine have beautiful and luxurious appearance but travertine is much more porous and more vulnerable to moisture than marble, making marble a better choice of material. Marble can also last longer than travertine in terms of longevity, but this means higher maintenance too.
Windows Materials Most windows are made out of laminated tinted glass together with steel frames. Pros- allows light to enter (can be adjust through different tints), strong (when laminated), durable (when laminated), aesthetic looks. Cons- hard to maintain, expensive, dirt sticks on it easily. Comparison Although Plaza See Hoy Chan and Seagram Building are two very different buildings, there will still be parts of the building that’re similar and in this case, the material for both the windows are the same, which is laminated glass. Unlike Seagram Building. Not all the windows in Plaza See Hoy Chan are tinted, some are left untinted so it can be seen from one side to another and some of the windows are fully tinted. By using this way, it can show both the private and public part of the building. The window of Seagram Building acts as a curtain wall, and is also made using laminated glass. The tint used for the glass was called the “whisky brown” tint, which brought out a brownish effect when sunlight shines on it.
With Modern Architecture
Facade
Floor
MaterialAt the main plaza of the Seagram Building, granite was mainly the material used. Pros - Durable, Low maintenance, Nice appearance. Cons - Hard to install, slippery. Comparison In See Hoy Chan Plaza, ceramic tiles would be a better choice compared to granite flooring in terms of appearance because ceramic tiles come with more different types of design and colors. In terms of maintenance, granite flooring would be a much better choice because it won’t crack of chip. But since granite is more porous, it would get stains all over more easily. So, granite is a smarter choice because all it needs is just regular maintenance, unlike ceramic tiles that can’t last longer than granite. When it comes to price, ceramic tiles will always be the better choice when compared to granite.
MaterialThe main material used for the façade for Seagram Building was mainly bronze and glass. ComparisonThe façade of Plaza See Hoy Chan is mainly aluminium, accept those in the bottom floor which is made mainly using steel and glass structure. For Seagram Building by Mies however, the entire façade was built using bands of bronze plating and "whisky brown"-tinted glass and steel frame. In comparison, Seagram Building would have a much luxurious look because of the bronze bodied façade, whereas Plaza See Hoy Chan uses aluminium, so it would be lighter but more prone to wind blow when it comes to a skyscraper.
5
COMPONENTS 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Facade 5.3 Flat Roof 5.4 Elevators and Staircase 5.5 Main Entrance 5.6 Windows
5.1 Introduction Building components was defined as any subsystem, subassembly or any other systems designed for use in a structure or part of a structure. There are a few significant components found in Plaza See Hoy Chan which provides its own function and enhance the building in terms of architecture. For instance, the façade, flat roof, elevators, staircase, doors and window panels.
5.2 Facade
Plaza See Hoy Chan is one of the buildings in Kuala Lumpur which fulfilled some characteristics underlying the International style. The building has many components. The significant components found in the building are the facade. The facade of the building is lack of ornamentation which looks simple and pure that adopts International Style where one of the characteristic of the style is avoidance of extraneous ornamentation. From the facade of the building, we can clearly see that its designed is entirely repetitive with horizontal bands of glass windows and cantilevers ledges above the windows on each floor without any other ornamentation which is similar to the Seagram Building by Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe. The Seagram building helps to usher in a new era of simple and minimalist geometries, rather than camouflaging them with superfluous ornament and detail by flaunting its glass and metal where it can be found in Plaza See Hoy Chan.
5.3 Flat Roof Other than having a simple and pure façade, Plaza See Hoy Chan was designed with a hexagon shaped flat roof. The flat roof of the building shows that the building adopts the International style of modernism similar to the Seagram Building in New York, USA. Flat roof of modernism provides a function of shedding water away from the center of the building, such a roof form always served a functional purpose in climates with rain and snow, and was a logical way to achieve larger spans with shorter structural members, but it was nevertheless relatively rare in modern houses.
5.4 Elevators
and Staircase
Elevators in Plaza See Hoy Chan or those modernist buildings play an important role as it was invented to support modern architecture. Elevators were invented for lifting purposes and were normally used in high rise building. Elevators is one of the significant components found in Plaza See Hoy Chan as it was used to serves users from floors to floors. Plaza See Hoy Chan is a 27 storeys building where there are 6 elevators servicing each floor which can be access by the public and 3 elevators for authority used. The 6 servicing elevators in the Plaza serve the users only from the Ground floor (G) till 25th floor while the remaining three floors can be access by using another elevator. The two different elevators were designed in different sizes. The 6 elevators servicing Ground floor (G) to 25th floor of the Plaza can fit in around 20 people while the elevators servicing from 25th floor to 27th floor can only fit in 5 to 6 person. In addition, staircase is one of the components found in Plaza See Hoy Chan and it was located beside the 6 servicing elevators. It is not the main component. It was designed mainly to provide access between floors and acts as an emergency path when a fire happens.
5.5 Main Entrance The main entrance of Plaza See Hoy Chan was one of the signiďŹ cant building components found in the building because of its unique shape which is half hexagon. The main entrance was divided symmetrically into two sub entrance at both sides. Entrance of the building acts a point by which to enter and in most cases it was located on the facade. Furthermore, Plaza See Hoy Chan is a modernist building which adopts International Style as the architectural style where they have a grand entrance in the building itself which can be seen in the Seagram building in New York, USA as well.
5.6 Windows The horizontal band of glass windows on the façade is another significant component of Plaza See Hoy Chan. The windows were designed in horizontal strips with vertical steel mullions in between the window panels, shows the principle of Modernism. Those strips are emphasized by cantilevered ledges above the windows on each floor, and end at both corners in curved, full length, which in turn open into curved balconies. In addition, each floor of the Plaza is entirely repetitive unlike the facades of Classical and Art Deco building, which feature a vertical succession of differing ornamentation. The horizontal band of glass windows is one of the characteristics of International style of modernism can also be seen in Seagram building by Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe.
CONCLUSION
ƥ ͥͤ͝͝ǡ Ǥ ƥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ
REFERENCE Ad009cdnb.archdaily.net,. (2014). Retrieved 19 November 2014, from http://ad009cdnb.archdaily.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/1273456972-lobby1.jpg ơǡ Ǥ ȋ͜͜͞͞ȌǤ Ǥ Ǥ ͥ͝ ͜͞͝͠ǡ ǣȀȀ Ǥ Ǥ Ȁ design/2002/nov/30/architecture.artsfeatures Engineersgarage.com,. (2014). Who Invented the Elevator (Lift)? History of Elevator Invention. Retrieved 19 November 2014, from http://www.engineersgarage.com/invention-stories/elevator-history
Ǥ ǡǤ ȋ͜͞͝͠ȌǤ ͥ͝ ͜͞͝͠ǡ ǣȀȀ Ǥ Ǥ Ȁ Ȁ Ȁ ͠Ǥ Ǥ ǡǤ ȋ͜͞͝͠ȌǤ ͥ͝ ͜͞͝͠ǡ ǣȀȀ Ǥ Ǥ Ȁ Ȁcache/e4/44/e444251b437755155ee2e9d0fddb33d0.jpg Ontarioarchitecture.com,. (2014). International. Retrieved 19 November 2014, from http://www.ontarioarchitecture.com/international.html Ǥ ǡǤ ȋ͜͞͝͠ȌǤ ͥ͝ ͜͞͝͠ǡ ǣȀȀ Ǥ Ǥ Ȁ ͠Ǥ